JP7090126B2 - Laminated glass - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to laminated glass.

On cold days and cold regions, the wind seals of automobiles may become cloudy, which hinders driving. Therefore, various methods for removing fogging of the windshield have been proposed. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses that a bus bar and a heating wire are arranged inside a windshield, and fogging is removed by heat generation thereof.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2012-14945

By the way, Patent Document 1 describes that the power supply voltage of a general vehicle is 12V. However, in recent years, from the viewpoint of energy saving, it is planned to make the power supply voltage larger than 12V (for example, 48V). When the power supply voltage becomes high in this way, the amount of heat generated per unit length of the heating wire used so far becomes too large, and there is a risk that the glass will break.

The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a laminated glass capable of suppressing the amount of heat generated by a heating wire even when the power supply voltage is high.

The laminated glass according to the present invention is arranged with a rectangular first glass plate having a first side and a second side facing the first side and facing the first glass plate, and the first glass. A second glass plate having substantially the same shape as the above and an interlayer film arranged between the first glass plate and the second glass plate are provided, and the interlayer film is on the first side side or the second side side. A first bus bar extending along the end of the glass, a second bus bar extending along the end of the first side or the second side, and parallel so as to connect the first bus bar and the second bus bar. It comprises a plurality of arranged heating wires, and at least one of the plurality of heating wires is at least one that changes the extending direction of the heating wire between the first bus bar and the second bus bar. It has two folded parts. Here, the "folded portion" is a portion that reciprocates in a direction substantially perpendicular to the extending direction of the bus bar.

In the laminated glass, each heating wire can have a calorific value of 200 to 1000 W / m ² per unit area.

In the laminated glass, the first bus bar is arranged along the end portion on the first side side, the second bus bar is arranged along the end portion on the second side side, and the plurality of heating wires are arranged. At least one of them may have at least two folded portions between the first bus bar and the second bus bar that change the direction in which the heating wire extends.

In the laminated glass, the first bus bar and the second bus bar are arranged along the same end of either the first side end or the second side end, and the plurality of heating wires are arranged. At least one of them may have at least one folded portion between the first bus bar and the second bus bar that changes the extending direction of the heating wire.

The laminated glass further includes at least one relay bus bar arranged along the end of the first side or the second side at a position different from the first bus bar and the second bus bar, and the plurality of relay bus bars. The heating wire may be connected to the second bus bar from the first bus bar via at least one relay bus bar.

In the laminated glass, the plurality of heating wires include at least one first heating wire and at least one second heating wire made of a material having a higher resistance than the first heating wire. It can be assumed that the length of one heating wire is longer than that of the second heating wire.

Each of the laminated glasses is further provided with a shielding layer that is laminated on at least one of the first glass plate and the second glass plate and shields the field of view from the outside of the vehicle or the inside of the vehicle, and the first bus bar and the second bus bar. Can be covered by the shielding layer.

Each of the laminated glasses is further provided with a shielding layer laminated on at least one of the first glass plate or the second glass plate and shielding the field of view from the outside of the vehicle or the inside of the vehicle, and the first bus bar and the second bus bar are provided. , And at least one folded portion can be covered by the shielding layer.

In each of the laminated glasses, the interlayer film can be provided with a sheet-like base material that supports at least the plurality of heating lines.

In each of the laminated glasses, a heat-generating layer is formed by the first bus bar, the second bus bar, the plurality of heating wires, and the base material, and the interlayer film has a pair of adhesive layers sandwiching the heat-generating layer. , Can be further prepared.

In each of the laminated glasses, the first bus bar, the second bus bar, and the plurality of heating wires can be integrally formed of the same material.

In each of the above laminated glasses, the line width of the heating line can be 500 μm or less.

In each of the above laminated glasses, a voltage of 48 V can be applied to the plurality of heating wires.

According to the present invention, even if the power supply voltage becomes high, the calorific value of the heating wire can be suppressed.

It is a front view of the 1st Embodiment of the laminated glass which concerns on this invention. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG. It is a side view of the furnace through which a molding die passes. It is a top view of a molding die. It is a front view which shows the other example of the laminated glass of FIG. It is a front view of the 2nd Embodiment of the laminated glass which concerns on this invention. It is a front view of the 3rd Embodiment of the laminated glass which concerns on this invention. It is a front view of the 4th Embodiment of the laminated glass which concerns on this invention. It is a front view which shows the other example of the laminated glass which concerns on this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the other example of an interlayer film. It is sectional drawing which shows the example of the other laminated glass which concerns on this invention.

<A. First Embodiment>
Hereinafter, the first embodiment in which the laminated glass according to the present invention is applied to the windshield will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a plan view of the windshield according to the present embodiment, and FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the windshield according to the present embodiment is between the outer glass plate (second glass plate) 1, the inner glass plate (first glass plate) 2, and these glass plates 1 and 2. It has an interlayer film 3 arranged in the glass. Notches 21 and 22 are formed at the upper end and the lower end of the inner glass plate 2, respectively, and the connecting materials 41 and 42 extending from the interlayer film 3 are exposed at the notches 21 and 22 respectively. is doing. Hereinafter, each member will be described.

<1. Overview of laminated glass>
<1-1. Glass plate>
In each of the glass plates 1 and 2, the lower side (second side) 12 is formed in a rectangular shape longer than the upper side (first side) 11, and as described above, the upper end and the lower end of the inner glass plate 2 are formed. An arcuate notch is formed in each portion. Hereinafter, the notch formed in the upper end portion of the inner glass plate 2 will be referred to as a first notch portion 21, and the notch portion formed in the lower end portion will be referred to as a second notch portion 22. Further, as the glass plates 11 and 12, known glass plates can be used, and they can be formed of heat ray absorbing glass, general clear glass, green glass, or UV green glass. However, these glass plates 11 and 12 need to realize visible light transmittance in accordance with the safety standards of the country in which the automobile is used. For example, the outer glass plate 11 can secure the required solar absorption rate, and the inner glass plate 12 can adjust the visible light transmittance so as to satisfy the safety standard. The following is an example of the composition of clear glass, heat-absorbing glass, and soda lime-based glass.

(Clear glass)
SiO ₂ : 70-73 mass%
Al ₂ O ₃ : 0.6 to 2.4% by mass
CaO: 7-12% by mass
MgO: 1.0 to 4.5% by mass
R ₂ O: 13 to 15% by mass (R is an alkali metal)
Total iron oxide converted to Fe ₂ O ₃ (T-Fe ₂ O ₃ ): 0.08 to 0.14% by mass

(Heat ray absorbing glass)
For the composition of the heat ray absorbing glass, for example, the ratio of total iron oxide (T-Fe ₂ O ₃ ) converted to Fe ₂ O ₃ is set to 0.4 to 1.3% by mass based on the composition of clear glass, and CeO. The ratio of ₂ is 0 to 2% by mass, the ratio of TiO ₂ is 0 to 0.5% by mass, and the skeleton components of glass (mainly SiO ₂ and Al ₂ O ₃ ) are T-Fe ₂ O ₃ and CeO. The composition can be reduced by an increase in ₂ and TiO ₂ .

(Soda lime glass)
SiO ₂ : 65-80% by mass
Al ₂ O ₃ : 0 to 5% by mass
CaO: 5 to 15% by mass
MgO: 2% by mass or more NaO: 10-18% by mass
K ₂ O: 0 to 5% by mass
MgO + CaO: 5 to 15% by mass
Na ₂ O + K ₂ O: 10 to 20% by mass
SO ₃ : 0.05 to 0.3% by mass
B ₂ O ₃ : 0 to 5% by mass
Total iron oxide converted to Fe ₂ O ₃ (T-Fe ₂ O ₃ ): 0.02 to 0.03% by mass

As described above, each of the glass plates 1 and 2 is formed in a rectangular shape, but the ratio of the lengths of the upper side 11 and the lower side 12 may be, for example, 1: 1.04 to 1: 1.5. can. For example, when the upper side is 1200 mm, the lower side can be 1250 to 1800 mm. Specifically, the upper side can be 1195 mm and the lower side can be 1435 mm. The ratio described above is a ratio in a two-dimensional plane when the windshield is projected from the front.

That is, although FIG. 1 gives an example in which the lower side 12 is long, it can also be applied to a windshield having a long upper side 11. For example, in the windshield of a small car for one person, when the upper side is 500 mm, the lower side can be 350 to 450 mm. Specifically, the upper side can be 500 mm and the lower side can be 425 mm.

The thickness of the laminated glass according to the present embodiment is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of weight reduction, the total thickness of the outer glass plate 1 and the inner glass plate 2 is preferably 2.4 to 4.6 mm. It is more preferably 2.6 to 3.4 mm, and particularly preferably 2.7 to 3.2 mm. As described above, in order to reduce the weight, it is necessary to reduce the total thickness of the outer glass plate 1 and the inner glass plate 2, so that the thickness of each glass plate is not particularly limited. For example, the thicknesses of the outer glass plate 11 and the inner glass plate 12 can be determined as follows.

The outer glass plate 1 is mainly required to have durability and impact resistance against external obstacles. For example, when this laminated glass is used as a windshield of an automobile, it has impact resistance against flying objects such as pebbles. is necessary. On the other hand, the larger the thickness, the heavier the weight, which is not preferable. From this viewpoint, the thickness of the outer glass plate 1 is preferably 1.0 to 3.0 mm, more preferably 1.6 to 2.3 mm. Which thickness to adopt can be determined according to the use of the glass.

The thickness of the inner glass plate 2 can be made the same as that of the outer glass plate 1, but for example, the thickness can be made smaller than that of the outer glass plate 11 in order to reduce the weight of the laminated glass. Specifically, considering the strength of the glass, it is preferably 0.6 to 2.0 mm, more preferably 0.8 to 1.8 mm, and more preferably 0.8 to 1.6 mm. Especially preferable. Further, it is preferably 0.8 to 1.3 mm. As for the inner glass plate 2, which thickness should be adopted can be determined according to the use of the glass.

Further, the shapes of the outer glass plate 1 and the inner glass plate 2 according to the present embodiment may be curved shapes. However, when each of the glass plates 1 and 2 has a curved shape, it is said that the sound insulation performance deteriorates as the amount of doubling increases. The amount of doubling is an amount indicating bending of the glass plate, and when a straight line L connecting the center of the upper side and the center of the lower side of the glass plate is set, the largest distance between the straight line L and the glass plate is used. It is defined as the amount of duplication D.

Further, the curved glass plate does not have a large difference in sound transmission loss (STL) in the range of the amount of doubling of 30 to 38 mm, but the frequency band is 4000 Hz or less as compared with the flat glass plate. It can be seen that the sound transmission loss is reduced. Therefore, when producing a curved glass plate, it is preferable that the amount of doubling is small. Specifically, the amount of doubling is preferably less than 30 mm, more preferably less than 25 mm, and particularly preferably less than 20 mm.

Here, an example of a method for measuring the thickness when the glass plate is curved will be described. First, the measurement positions are two points above and below the center line extending vertically along the center of the glass plate in the left-right direction. The measuring device is not particularly limited, but for example, a thickness gauge such as SM-112 manufactured by Teclock Co., Ltd. can be used. At the time of measurement, the curved surface of the glass plate is placed on a flat surface, and the edge of the glass plate is sandwiched between the thickness gauges for measurement.

<1-2. Intermediate membrane>
Subsequently, the interlayer film 3 will be described. The interlayer film 3 is composed of three layers including a heat generating layer 31 and a pair of adhesive layers 32 and 33 sandwiching the heat generating layer 31. Hereinafter, the adhesive layer arranged on the outer glass plate 1 side will be referred to as a first adhesive layer 32, and the adhesive layer arranged on the inner glass plate 2 side will be referred to as a second adhesive layer 33.

<1-2-1. Heat generation layer>
First, the heat generating layer 31 will be described. The heat generating layer 31 includes a sheet-shaped base material 311 and a first bus bar 312, a second bus bar 313, and a plurality of heating wires 6 arranged on the base material 311. The base material 311 can be formed in a substantially rectangular shape so as to correspond to the above glass plates 1 and 2, but it does not necessarily have to have the same shape as both glass plates 1 and 2, and the base material 311 does not necessarily have the same shape as both glass plates 1 and 2. May also have a small shape. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, in the vertical direction, the length may be shorter than the length between the notches 21 and 22 so as not to interfere with the notches 21 and 22 of the inner glass plate 2. Further, the length of the base material 311 in the left-right direction can also be shorter than the width of both the glass plates 1 and 2.

The first bus bar 312 is formed so as to extend along the upper side of the base material 311. On the other hand, the second bus bar 313 is formed so as to extend along the lower side of the base material 311 but is formed longer than the first bus bar 312. However, each bus bar 312, 313 is more than the notch portions 21 and 22 so that the interlayer film 3 is not exposed from the notch portions 21 and 22 described above when the interlayer film 3 is sandwiched between the glass plates 1 and 2. Placed inside. The vertical width of each bus bar 312,313 is preferably, for example, 5 to 50 mm, and more preferably 10 to 30 mm. This is because if the width of the bus bars 312 and 313 is smaller than 5 mm, a heat spot phenomenon may occur and heat may be generated higher than the heating wire, while if the width of the bus bars 312 and 313 is larger than 50 mm, the bus bars 312 and 313 may generate heat. This may obstruct the field of vision. Further, each bus bar 312 and 313 may not be formed exactly along the base material 311. That is, it does not have to be completely parallel to the edge of the base material 311 and can be curved or the like.

The plurality of heating wires 6 are arranged in parallel so as to connect both bus bars 312 and 313. Each heating wire 6 is composed of three portions and two folded portions. That is, a position extending upward from the lower end of the first portion 61 extending from the first bus bar 312 to a position close to the second bus bar 313 and the lower end portion of the first portion 61 via the first folding portion 64 and close to the first bus bar 312. It includes a second portion 62 extending to the second portion 62, and a third portion 63 extending downward from the upper end portion of the second portion 62 via the second folded portion 65 and connected to the second bus bar 313. The plurality of heating wires 6 thus formed are lined up at predetermined intervals in the left-right direction of both bus bars 312 and 313. The line width of each heating line 6 is preferably 3 to 500 μm, more preferably 5 to 20 μm, and particularly preferably 8 to 10 μm.

Further, the distance between the adjacent heating lines 6 and the distance between the adjacent portions in one heating line 6 in the left-right direction is preferably 1 to 4 mm, more preferably 1.25 to 3 mm. It is particularly preferably 1.25 to 2.5 mm.

In addition to being able to form each heating line 6 in a straight line, each heating line 6 can be formed into various shapes such as a corrugated shape. In particular, by forming each heating wire 6 in a sinusoidal shape, the heat distribution can be made uniform, and the light beam can be optically suppressed to prevent the heating wire 6 from obstructing the field of view of the windshield. can. Further, although the folded portions 64 and 65 are formed by combining acute-angled corner portions, they can also be formed in an arc shape. The sine wave shape does not have to have a constant amplitude or wavelength like a sine wave, but means a waveform having a random amplitude or wavelength.

The width of the heating wire 6 can be measured, for example, by multiplying a microscope such as VHX-200 (manufactured by KEYENCE CORPORATION) by 1000 times. The calorific value actually affects the cross-sectional area of the heating wire 6, but since the width and the cross-sectional area are technically almost synonymous, they may be used without particular distinction as physical property values. The smaller the width, the harder it is to see, so it is suitable for the windshield according to the present embodiment.

Next, the material of the heat generating layer 31 will be described. The base material 311 is a transparent film that supports both bus bars 312 and 313 and the heating wire 6, and the material thereof is not particularly limited, but for example, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene, polymethylmethacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, polyester, and polyolefin. , Polycarbonate, polystyrene, polypropylene, nylon and the like. Further, both bus bars 312 and 313 and the heating wire 6 can be formed of the same material, and can be formed of various materials such as copper (or tin-plated copper), tungsten, and silver.

Subsequently, a method for forming both bus bars 312 and 313 and the heating wire 6 will be described. Both of these bus bars 312 and 313 and the heating wire 6 can be formed by arranging a thin wire (wire or the like) formed in advance on the base material 311. In particular, in order to make the line width of the heating wire 6 thinner. The heating wire 6 can be formed by forming a pattern on the base material 311. The method is not particularly limited, but can be formed by various methods such as printing, etching, and transfer. At this time, each bus bar 312, 313 and the heating wire 6 can be formed separately, or these can be integrally formed. In addition, "integral" means that there is no break (seamless) between the materials and there is no interface.

Further, both bus bars 312 and 313 are formed on the base material 311, and the base material 311 in the portion corresponding to the bus bars 312 and 313 is peeled off and removed, leaving the base material 311 for the heating wire 6. The heating wire can then be placed on the substrate between the two busbars.

In particular, when etching is adopted, the following can be used as an example. First, a metal foil is dry-laminated on the base material 311 via a primer layer. As the metal foil, for example, copper can be used. Then, by performing a chemical etching treatment on the metal foil using a photolithography method, both bus bars 312 and 313 and a plurality of heating wires 6 can be integrally patterned on the base material 311. In particular, when the line width of the heating wire 6 is to be reduced (for example, 15 μm or less), it is preferable to use a thin metal foil, and a thin metal layer (for example, 5 μm or less) is deposited on the base material 311 by vapor deposition, sputtering, or the like. It may be formed and then patterned by photolithography.

<1-2-2. Adhesive layer>
Both the adhesive layers 32 and 33 are sheet-like members for sandwiching the heat generating layer 31 and adhering to the glass plates 1 and 2. The two adhesive layers 32 and 33 are formed to have the same size as the two glass plates 1 and 2, but the two adhesive layers 32 and 32 are located at positions corresponding to the notches 21 and 22 of the inner glass plate 2. Notches of the same shape are formed respectively. Further, these adhesive layers 32 and 33 can be formed of various materials, for example, polyvinyl butyral resin (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and the like. In particular, polyvinyl butyral resin is preferable because it has excellent adhesion to each glass plate and also has excellent penetration resistance. A layer of a surfactant may be provided between the adhesive layers 32 and 33 and the heat generating layer 31. With such a surfactant, the surfaces of both layers can be modified, and the adhesive strength can be improved.

<1-2-3. Intermediate film thickness>
The total thickness of the interlayer film 3 is not particularly specified, but is preferably 0.3 to 6.0 mm, more preferably 0.5 to 4.0 mm, and 0.6 to 2.0 mm. It is particularly preferable to have. The thickness of the base material 311 of the heat generating layer 31 is preferably 0.01 to 2.0 mm, more preferably 0.03 to 0.6 mm. On the other hand, the thickness of each of the adhesive layers 32 and 33 is preferably larger than the thickness of the heat generating layer 31, specifically, 0.1 to 2.0 mm, and 0.1 to 1.0 mm. It is more preferable to have. In order to bring the second adhesive layer 33 and the base material 311 into close contact with each other, the thickness of both bus bars 312 and 313 and the heating wire 6 sandwiched between them is preferably 3 to 20 μm.

The thicknesses of the heat generating layer 31 and the adhesive layers 32 and 33 can be measured, for example, as follows. First, the cross section of the laminated glass is magnified 175 times and displayed by a microscope (for example, VH-5500 manufactured by KEYENCE CORPORATION). Then, the thicknesses of the heat generating layer 31 and the adhesive layers 32 and 33 are visually specified and measured. At this time, in order to eliminate visual variations, the number of measurements is set to 5 and the average value is the thickness of the heat generating layer 31 and the adhesive layers 32 and 33.

The thicknesses of the heat generating layer 31 and the adhesive layers 32 and 33 of the interlayer film 3 do not have to be constant over the entire surface, and may be formed into a wedge shape for laminated glass used for a head-up display, for example. In this case, the thickness of the heat generating layer 31 and the adhesive layers 32 and 33 of the interlayer film 3 is measured at the thinnest portion, that is, the lowermost portion of the laminated glass. When the interlayer film 3 has a wedge shape, the outer glass plate 1 and the inner glass plate 2 are not arranged in parallel, but such an arrangement is also included in the glass plate in the present invention. That is, in the present invention, for example, the outer glass plate 1 and the inner glass plate 2 when the intermediate film 3 using the heat generating layer 31 and the adhesive layers 32 and 33 whose thickness increases at a rate of change of 3 mm or less per 1 m is used. Including the placement of.

<1-3. Connection material>
Next, the connecting material will be described. The connecting materials 41 and 42 are for connecting the bus bars 312 and 313 to the connecting terminals (anode terminal or cathode terminal: not shown), and are formed in a sheet shape by a conductive material. Then, a voltage larger than 12V, for example, a power supply voltage of 48V is applied to the connection terminal. Hereinafter, the connecting material connected to the first bus bar 312 will be referred to as a first connecting material 41, and the connecting material connected to the second bus bar 313 will be referred to as a second connecting material 42. Further, since the configurations of both connecting materials 41 and 42 are the same, the first connecting material 41 will be mainly described below.

The first connecting material 41 is formed in a rectangular shape and is sandwiched between the first bus bar 312 and the second adhesive layer 33. Then, it is fixed to the first bus bar 312 by a fixing material 5 such as solder. As the fixing material 5, for example, it is preferable to use solder having a low melting point of 150 ° C. or lower so that the fixing material 5 can be fixed at the same time by an autoclave at the time of assembling the windshield described later. Further, the first connecting material 41 extends from the first bus bar 312 to the upper end edge of the outer glass plate 1 and is exposed from the first notch 21 formed in the inner glass plate 2. Then, in this exposed portion, the connection terminal to which the cable extending to the power supply is connected is connected by a fixing material such as solder. In this way, the connection terminals 41 and 42 are fixed to the portions exposed from the notches 21 and 22 of the inner glass plate 2 without protruding from the ends of the glass plates 1 and 2. It has become. Since both the connecting materials 41 and 42 are made of a thin material, as shown in FIG. 2, the end portions can be bent and fixed to the bus bar 312 with the fixing material 5.

<1-4. Shielding layer>
As shown in FIG. 1, a shielding layer 7 is laminated on a dark-colored ceramic such as black on the peripheral edge of the laminated glass. The shielding layer 7 shields the field of view from the inside or the outside of the vehicle, and is laminated along the four sides of the laminated glass. Both bus bars 312 and 313 are arranged at positions covered by the shielding layer 7. Reference numeral 7 in the figure indicates the inner edge of the shielding layer 7.

＊１，主成分：酸化銅、酸化クロム、酸化鉄及び酸化マンガン
＊２，主成分：ホウケイ酸ビスマス、ホウケイ酸亜鉛 The shielding layer 7 can have various aspects such as, for example, only the inner surface of the outer glass plate 11, only the inner surface of the inner glass plate 12, or the inner surface of the outer glass plate 11 and the inner surface of the inner glass plate 12. Further, it can be formed of ceramic or various materials, and for example, it can have the following composition.

* 1, Main component: Copper oxide, Chromium oxide, Iron oxide and Manganese oxide * 2, Main component: Bismuth borosilicate, Zinc borosilicate

The ceramic can be formed by a screen printing method, but it can also be produced by transferring a baking transfer film to a glass plate and firing it. When screen printing is adopted, for example, polyester screen: 355 mesh, coat thickness: 20 μm, tension: 20 Nm, squeegee hardness: 80 degrees, mounting angle: 75 °, printing speed: 300 mm / s can be set, and a drying oven. The ceramic can be formed by drying at 150 ° C. for 10 minutes.

Further, the shielding layer 7 can be formed by laminating ceramics or by attaching a shielding film made of a dark resin.

<2. Windshield manufacturing method>
Next, a method for manufacturing the windshield will be described. First, the glass plate production line will be described.

Here, the molding die will be described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4. FIG. 3 is a side view of the furnace through which the molding die passes, and FIG. 4 is a plan view of the molding die. As shown in FIG. 4, the molding die 800 includes a frame-shaped mold body 810 that substantially matches the outer shape of both the glass plates 1 and 2. Since the mold body 810 is formed in a frame shape, it has an internal space 820 that penetrates in the vertical direction inside. Then, the peripheral portions of the flat plate-shaped glass plates 1 and 2 are placed on the upper surface of the mold body 810. Therefore, heat is applied to the glass plates 1 and 2 from a heater (not shown) arranged on the lower side via the internal space 820. As a result, both the glass plates 1 and 2 are softened by heating and are curved downward due to their own weight. A shielding plate 840 for shielding heat may be arranged on the inner peripheral edge of the mold body 810, whereby the heat received by the glass plates 1 and 2 can be adjusted. Further, the heater can be provided not only below the molding die 800 but also above the molding die 800.

Then, after the above-mentioned shielding layer 7 is laminated on the flat plate-shaped outer glass plate 1 and the inner glass plate 2, the outer glass plate 1 and the inner glass plate 2 are overlapped with each other and supported by the molding die 800. , As shown in FIG. 3, passes through the heating furnace 802. When heated to near the softening point temperature in the heating furnace 802, both the glass plates 1 and 2 are curved inward from the peripheral edge due to their own weight, and are formed into a curved surface. Subsequently, both the glass plates 1 and 2 are carried into the slow cooling furnace 803 from the heating furnace 802, and the slow cooling treatment is performed. After that, both the glass plates 1 and 2 are carried out from the slow cooling furnace 803 and allowed to cool.

When the outer glass plate 11 and the inner glass plate 12 are formed in this way, the interlayer film 3 is subsequently sandwiched between the outer glass plate 11 and the inner glass plate 12. Specifically, first, the outer glass plate 1, the first adhesive layer 32, the heat generating layer 31, the second adhesive layer 33, and the inner glass plate 2 are laminated in this order. At this time, the heat generating layer 31 faces the surface on which the first bus bar 312 and the like are formed toward the second adhesive layer 33 side. Further, the upper and lower ends of the heat generating layer 31 are arranged inside the cutout portions 21 and 22 of the inner glass plate 2. Further, the notches of the first and second adhesive layers 32 and 33 are made to coincide with the notches 21 and 22 of the inner glass plate 2. As a result, the outer glass plate 1 is exposed from the cutout portions 21 and 22 of the inner glass plate 2. Subsequently, the connecting materials 41 and 42 are inserted between the heat generating layer 31 and the second adhesive layer 33 from the notched portions 21 and 22. At this time, solder having a low melting point is applied to the connecting materials 41 and 42 as the fixing material 5, so that the solder is arranged on the bus bars 312 and 313.

In this way, the laminate in which both the glass plates 1 and 2, the interlayer film 3 and the connecting materials 41 and 42 are laminated is placed in a rubber bag and pre-bonded at about 70 to 110 ° C. while sucking under reduced pressure. The method of pre-adhesion can be other than this, and the following method can also be adopted. For example, the laminate is heated in an oven at 45-65 ° C. Next, this laminate is pressed by a roll at 0.45 to 0.55 MPa. Subsequently, the laminate is heated again in the oven at 80 to 105 ° C. and then pressed again with a roll at 0.45 to 0.55 MPa. In this way, the pre-bonding is completed.

Next, the main bonding is performed. The pre-bonded laminate is subjected to main bonding by an autoclave, for example, at 8 to 15 atm and at 100 to 150 ° C. Specifically, for example, the main bonding can be performed at 14 atm and 135 ° C. Through the above pre-adhesion and main adhesion, both the adhesive layers 32 and 33 are adhered to the glass plates 1 and 2 with the heat generating layer 31 sandwiched between them. Further, the solder of the connecting materials 41 and 42 is melted, and the connecting materials 41 and 42 are fixed to the bus bars 312 and 313. In this way, the laminated glass according to this embodiment is manufactured.

<3. How to use the windshield ＞
The windshield configured as described above is attached to the vehicle body, and connection terminals are fixed to the connecting materials 41 and 42. After that, when the connection terminals are energized, a current is applied to the heating wire 6 via the connection materials 41, 42 and the bus bars 312, 313, and heat is generated. This heat generation can remove the fogging of the windshield.

<4. Features>
As described above, according to the present embodiment, the following effects can be obtained.

(1) First, the power consumption W by the heating wire 6 can be obtained by the following equation (1).
W = V ² R = (S / ρL) V ² (1)
However, V: voltage, R: resistance of the heating wire, S: cross-sectional area of the heating wire, L: length of the heating wire, ρ: thermal conductivity.

Here, the higher the voltage V, the more advantageous it is for the vehicle. For example, if the outputs of the motor and the generator are the same, the current can be reduced by increasing the drive voltage, which can reduce the power consumption. Further, if the current becomes small, the diameter of the harness for power supply can be made small, so that the weight of the vehicle can be reduced and the fuel consumption can be improved accordingly. Therefore, it is planned to change the power supply voltage of the vehicle to a voltage higher than the conventional 12V (for example, 48V). However, although there are various advantages as described above when the voltage V is increased, there is a problem that the amount of heat generated is increased. It is preferable to reduce the power consumption W as much as possible because the glass may be broken when the calorific value is high. Therefore, the length L of the heating wire 6 needs to be long, and it is better to connect them in series. However, since the heating wire 6 is a thin wire, there is a risk of disconnection. Therefore, considering this, it is preferable to arrange the heating wires 6 in parallel. However, if the heating wires are arranged in parallel, the length is generally shortened.

Therefore, in the present embodiment, in order to increase the length of the heating wire 6, the heating wire 6 is folded back between the bus bars 312 and 313 to increase the length. That is, each heating wire 6 is formed so as to have two folded portions 64 and 65, so that each heating wire 6 has a length approximately three times the length between the two bus bars 312 and 313. .. As a result, the power consumption W of each heating wire 6 can be reduced. As a result, the amount of heat generated can be reduced, and the glass plates 1 and 2 can be prevented from cracking. Specifically, for example, the calorific value per unit area of the heating wire 6 can be set to about 200 to 1000 W / m ² . With such a calorific value, fogging of the glass plate can be removed while preventing the glass plates 1 and 2 from cracking. It should be noted that the power supply voltage can correspond to a voltage higher than that of the conventional 12V. Therefore, it is not limited to the above 48V, and can correspond to various power supply voltages of, for example, 24V to 100V. This point is the same throughout the present invention including the following embodiments.

Further, by increasing the length of the heating wires 6, the number of the heating wires 6 arranged on the glass plates 1 and 2 can be reduced. That is, the number of heating wires 6 arranged in parallel can be reduced while keeping the densities of the heating wires 6 arranged on the glass plates 1 and 2 the same. This also makes it possible to reduce the total calorific value. In particular, since the densities of the heating wires 6 are the same, it becomes difficult for the occupant to see, which can prevent the driver's field of vision from being obstructed.

(2) By providing the folded portions 64 and 65, the heating wire 6 can be arranged at the same density as in the case of the power supply voltage of 12V while satisfying the line width and spacing as described above of the heating wire 6. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a heating distribution similar to that in the case of a power supply voltage of 12 V. In addition, the heating wire 6 becomes difficult to see from the driver and other occupants, which can prevent the driver's field of vision from being obstructed.

(3) Since both bus bars 312 and 313 and the heating wire 6 are made of the same material, the linear expansion coefficients of both bus bars 312 and 313 and the heating wire 6 are the same. This has the following advantages. When both bus bars 312 and 313 and the heating wire 6 are made of different materials, the coefficient of linear expansion is different. Therefore, for example, when these members are manufactured and fixed separately, it is harsh such as a heat cycle test. Due to changes in the environment, there is a possibility that the heating wire may come off from the bus bar, or the two glass plates that make up the laminated glass may float from each other due to this. However, as in the present embodiment, both bus bars may occur. When the 312, 313 and the heating wire 6 are made of the same material, such a defect can be prevented.

(4) Since both bus bars 312 and 313 and the heating wire 6 are integrally formed, it is possible to prevent poor contact between the two and, by extension, poor heat generation. The details of the heat generation failure are as follows. Generally, when the glass plate is heated for anti-fog, the current value may be controlled so that the upper limit of the heating temperature is, for example, 70 to 80 ° C. in order to prevent the occurrence of glass cracks. Desired. On the other hand, if there is local heat generation due to the contact resistance as described above, it is necessary to control the current value by using that portion as the upper limit of the heating temperature. As a result, there is a problem that the heating wire cannot be controlled so as to generate sufficient heat as a whole. However, according to the above configuration, since local heat generation can be prevented, the heating wire can also be controlled so as to be able to sufficiently generate heat as a whole.

(5) The heat generating layer 31 in which both the bus bars 312 and 313 and the heating wire 6 are arranged is sandwiched by the adhesive layers 32 and 33, and these are arranged between the glass plates 1 and 2. Therefore, the heat generating layer 31 can be securely fixed to both the glass plates 1 and 2. Further, by covering both the bus bars 312 and 313 and the heating wire 6 with the second adhesive layer 33, it is possible to prevent them from coming into contact with the glass plate. As a result, it is possible to prevent the glass plate from cracking.

(6) In the above embodiment, the two connecting materials 41 and 42 are used to connect the bus bars 312 and 313 to the external terminals. For example, a wide bus bar is prepared and the bus bar is connected. It is also conceivable to cut an unnecessary part and then expose a part from the notch portions 21 and 22 to replace the connecting material. However, in this way, it is possible that local heat generation occurs at the corners of the cut bus bar. On the other hand, in the present embodiment, since the separate connecting materials 41 and 42 are fixed to the bus bars 312 and 313, such local heat generation can be prevented.

(7) In the present embodiment, both bus bars 312 and 313 are arranged along the upper side 11 and the lower side 12 of the glass plates 1 and 2, respectively. Therefore, both bus bars 312 and 313 can be hidden by the shielding layer 7, and the appearance can be improved. In the present embodiment, only both bus bars 312 and 313 are arranged so as to be hidden by the shielding layer 7, but for example, as shown in FIG. 5, the folded portions 64 and 65 of each heating line 6 are also shielded layer 7. Can be hidden in. As a result, it is possible to further suppress the heating wire 6 from being visually recognized from the outside or the inside of the vehicle.

The form of the heating wire 6 is not particularly limited, and in the present embodiment, it is formed so as to have two folded portions 64 and 65, but three or more folded portions are provided and both bus bars 212 and 213 are provided. The length of the heating wire 6 extending between them can be further increased. Further, each portion of the heating wire 6 does not necessarily have to extend in the vertical direction, and may be inclined to some extent. Further, the number and density of the heating lines 6 are not particularly limited, and FIGS. 1 and 5 above are merely examples. This point is the same in the following embodiments and modifications.

<B. 2nd Embodiment>
Next, the second embodiment according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 6 is a plan view of the windshield according to the second embodiment. Since the second embodiment differs from the first embodiment mainly in the arrangement of the bus bar and the heating wire, only the different parts will be described below, and the same components will be designated by the same reference numerals and the description thereof will be omitted. do.

As shown in FIG. 6, in the windshield according to the present embodiment, the first bus bar 312 is arranged on the left side of the lower side 12 of each of the glass plates 1 and 2, and the second bus bar 313 is arranged along the right side of the lower side 12. Have been placed. In line with this, both the cutout portions 21 and 22 of the inner glass plate 2 are formed on the lower side 12. A plurality of heating wires 6 connecting these two bus bars 312 and 313 are arranged in parallel. More specifically, among the plurality of heating wires 6, the heating wires 6 arranged near the side surfaces 13 and 14 are generally U-shaped (folded portions) along the side surfaces 13 and 14 and the upper side 11. Is formed in one). On the other hand, the heating wire 6 arranged at a position close to the center in the left-right direction of the glass plates 1 and 2 has a side portion 66 parallel to the side surfaces 13 and 14 and an upper portion 67 parallel to the upper side, but the upper portion 67. A recess 68 is formed in the vicinity of the center of the sill, which is recessed downward. As described above, the heating wire 6 arranged on the central side has a short length if it is simply formed in a U shape, so that the recess 68 is formed so that the length becomes long. Further, the heating wire arranged on the innermost side is provided with a convex portion 69 that projects further upward in the concave portion 68. As a result, the heating wire 6 arranged inside is formed with a concave portion 68 and a convex portion 69, and a large number of folded portions are formed to increase the length. All heating wires 6 can be approximately the same length. However, the lengths do not necessarily have to be the same, and the lengths may be slightly different.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, the same effect as that of the first embodiment can be obtained. That is, also in this embodiment, in order to lengthen the length of the heating wire 6, the heating wire 6 is folded back between the bus bars 312 and 313 to lengthen the length. As a result, the power consumption W of each heating wire 6 can be reduced. As a result, the amount of heat generated can be reduced and the glass plate can be prevented from cracking.

Further, since the two notches 21 and 22 where the connecting material 4 is exposed are both formed on the lower side 12 of the inner glass plate 2, the connection of the connecting terminals becomes easy.

The shape of the heating wire is an example, and various shapes can be used. That is, the heating wire 6 can be formed in a U shape on the outer side so as to substantially follow the side surfaces 13, 14 and the upper side 11 of the glass plates 1 and 2, and the heating wire 6 on the inner side is the heating wire 6 on the outer side. Since the length is the same, it can be formed by further combining a plurality of concave portions 68 and convex portions 68.

Further, in the present embodiment, both bus bars 312 and 313 are arranged along the lower side 12, but they can also be arranged along the upper side 11. In this case, the heating wire 6 is convex downward. It can be formed into a U-shape like this.

<C. Third Embodiment>
Next, the third embodiment according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 7. FIG. 7 is a plan view of the laminated glass according to the third embodiment. Since the third embodiment differs from the first embodiment mainly in the arrangement of the bus bar and the heating wire, only the different parts will be described below, and the same components will be designated by the same reference numerals and the description thereof will be omitted. do.

As shown in FIG. 6, in the windshield according to the present embodiment, the first bus bar 312 is arranged on the left side of the lower side 12 of each of the glass plates 1 and 2, and the second bus bar 313 is arranged along the right side of the lower side 12. Have been placed. In addition to this, a strip-shaped first relay bus bar 71 on the left side of the upper side 11 of the glass plates 1 and 2, and a strip-shaped second relay bus bar 72 between the first and second bus bars 312 and 313 on the lower side 12, the glass plate 1, A band-shaped third relay bus bar 73 is provided on the right side of the upper side 11 of 2. The first relay bus bar 71 is arranged at a position facing the first bus bar 312 and the second relay bus bar 72, and is formed to have substantially the same length from the left end portion of the first bus bar 312 to the vicinity of the center of the second relay bus bar 72. ing. Further, the third relay bus bar 73 is arranged at a position facing the second relay bus bar 72 and the second bus bar 313, and has substantially the same length from the left end portion of the first bus bar 312 to the vicinity of the center of the second relay bus bar 72. It is formed.

The plurality of heating wires 6 are composed of four parts. That is, the plurality of heating wires 6 are the first portion 601 connecting the first bus bar 312 and the first relay bus bar 71, and the second portion 602 connecting the first relay bus bar 71 and the second relay bus bar 72, respectively. It is composed of a third portion 603 that connects the second relay bus bar 72 and the third relay bus bar 73, and a fourth portion 604 that connects the third relay bus bar 73 and the second bus bar 313. The plurality of first portions 601 extend upward substantially in parallel from the first bus bar 312 and are connected to the left half of the first relay bus bar 71. The plurality of second portions 602 extend downward substantially in parallel from the right half of the first relay bus bar 71, and are connected to the left half of the second relay bus bar 72. Further, the plurality of third portions 603 extend substantially in parallel from the left half of the second relay bus bar 72 upward and are connected to the third relay bus bar 73. The plurality of fourth portions 604 extend downward substantially in parallel from the right half of the third relay bus bar 73, and are connected to the second bus bar 213.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, the same effect as that of the first embodiment can be obtained. That is, three relay bus bars 71 to 73 are provided between the first bus bar 312 and the second bus bar 313, and a plurality of heating wires 6 arranged in parallel via these are provided in the first bus bar 312 and the second bus bar 313. It is configured to connect with. Therefore, the length of the heating wire 6 between the first bus bar 312 and the second bus bar 313 can be increased.

In the present embodiment, both bus bars 312 and 313 are arranged along the lower side 12, but they can also be arranged along the upper side 11. That is, from FIG. 7, both bus bars 312 and 313 and the three relay bus bars 71 to 73 can be arranged at positions upside down. Further, the number of relay bus bars is not particularly limited, and two or four or more can be provided, and both ends of the heating wire are connected to the first bus bar 312 and the second bus bar 313 through all the relay bus bars. You just have to.

<D. Fourth Embodiment>
Next, the fourth embodiment according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 8 is a plan view of the laminated glass according to the fourth embodiment. Since the fourth embodiment differs from the first embodiment mainly in the arrangement of the bus bar and the heating wire, only the different parts will be described below, and the same components will be designated by the same reference numerals and the description thereof will be omitted. do.

As shown in FIG. 8, in the windshield according to the present embodiment, the first bus bar 312 is arranged on the left side of the lower side 12 of each of the glass plates 1 and 2, and the second bus bar 313 is arranged along the right side of the lower side 12. Have been placed. In line with this, both the cutout portions 21 and 22 of the inner glass plate 2 are formed on the lower side 12. A plurality of heating wires 6 connecting these two bus bars 312 and 313 are arranged in parallel. More specifically, among the plurality of heating wires 6, the heating wires 605 arranged near the both side sides 13 and 14 are formed in a substantially U shape along the both side sides 13 and 14 and the upper side 11. ing. Hereinafter, this heating wire will be referred to as a first heating wire 605.

On the other hand, the heating wires arranged at positions close to the center in the left-right direction of the glass plates 1 and 2 are also formed in a substantially U-shape. Hereinafter, this heating wire will be referred to as a second heating wire 606. The second heating wire 606 is made of a material having a shorter length than the first heating wire 605 but having a higher resistance than the first heating wire 605. For example, when the first heating wire 605 is made of copper, the second heating wire 606 can be made of nickel.

Other materials that can be used in these heating wires 605 and 606 include, for example, copper, tough pitch copper, oxygen-free copper, titanium, gold, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, brass, nickel, beryllium copper, phosphor bronze, ITO and the like. The resistance value ((Ωm) 20 ° C) is higher in this order of description. Therefore, the first heating wire 605 can be formed of a material having a low resistance, and the second heating wire 606 can be formed of a material having a high resistance. Of these materials, copper, tough pitch copper, oxygen-free copper, gold, brass, nickel, beryllium copper, and phosphor bronze are preferable because they have high processability such as etching. In particular, it is preferable to form the first heating wire 605 with copper and the second heating wire 606 with brass or nickel.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, the first heating wire 606 is formed along both sides and the upper side, and the length of the first heating wire 605 is longer than the distance between both bus bars 312 and 313. Therefore, the power consumption W of the first heating wire 6 can be reduced. On the other hand, although the length of the second heating wire 606 is not long, it is made of a material having high resistance, so that the power consumption can be reduced. As a result, the calorific value can be reduced.

As described above, a laminated glass using a heating wire made of two kinds of materials can be configured as follows. As shown in FIG. 9, this laminated glass is a combination of the third embodiment and the fourth embodiment. Specifically, first, four notches are formed on the lower side 21 of the inner glass plate 2. These four notches are referred to as the first, second, third, and fourth notches 215 to 218 from left to right. Further, the first outer bus bar 315 and the first inner bus bar are located along the lower sides 12 of the glass plates 1 and 2 at positions corresponding to the first, second, third and fourth notches 215 to 218. 316, the second inner bus bar 317, and the second outer bus bar 318 are arranged in this order. Further, connecting materials 41 to 44 exposed from the notched portions 215 to 218 are attached to the bus bars 315 to 318.

Further, between the second inner bus bar 317 and the second outer bus bar 318, a relay bus bar 75 is arranged along the lower side 21 of the inner glass plate 2.

A plurality of first heating wires 61 are arranged in parallel so as to connect the first outer bus bar 315 and the second outer bus bar 318. More specifically, the plurality of first heating wires 61 are formed in a substantially U-shape along the side portions 13 and 14 and the upper side 11. Further, a plurality of second heating wires 62 are arranged in parallel so as to connect the first inner bus bar 316 and the second inner bus bar 317. However, the second heating wire 62 is composed of a first portion 621 connecting the first inner bus bar 316 and the relay bus bar 75, and a second portion 622 connecting the relay bus bar 75 and the second inner bus bar 317. .. Both the first portion 621 and the second portion 622 are formed in a U shape and are surrounded by the first heating line 61.

Therefore, the length of each portion 621, 622 of the second heating wire 62 is shorter than that of the first heating wire 61. Therefore, as in the fourth embodiment, the second heating wire 62 is made of a material having a higher resistance than the first heating wire 61. For example, when the first heating wire 605 is made of copper, the second heating wire 606 can be made of nickel. The selection of such a material is the same as described above.

That is, the amount of heat generated can be reduced by providing the relay bus bar 75 and increasing the length of the second heating wire 62. Further, in the example of FIG. 9, in addition to this, since the second heating wire 62 is made of a material having high resistance, the calorific value can be further reduced.

<5. Modification example>
Although one embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. In addition, the following modifications can be combined as appropriate.

<5.1>
In each of the above embodiments, the bus bars 312 and 313 are formed so as to be hidden by the shielding layer 7, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the bus bars may not be hidden by the shielding layer 7. Further, it is not always necessary to provide the shielding layer 7.

<5.2>
In the above embodiment, the interlayer film 3 is formed of a heat generating layer 31 and a pair of adhesive layers 32 and 33, for a total of three layers, but the present invention is not limited thereto. That is, the interlayer film 3 may include at least both bus bars 312 and 313 and the heating wire 6. Therefore, for example, the adhesive layer may be only one layer, or the heat generating layer 31 may be sandwiched between the glass plates 1 and 2 with an adhesive or the like. Further, the base material 311 may not be provided on the heat generating layer 31.

Specifically, it can be formed as follows. That is, as shown in FIG. 10, a PVB having a thickness of several tens to several hundreds of μm is used as a base material 311, and bus bars 312 and 313 and a heating wire 6 are formed on the base material 311 by etching. Next, in the base material 311, PVB having a thickness of several hundred μm to several mm is laminated as an adhesive layer 32 on the surface on the side where the heating wire 6 is arranged. In this way, the interlayer film 3 is formed. As described above, when the interlayer film 3 is formed only by PVB, PVB is softer than PET, so that it has high followability and can prevent wrinkles from occurring.

<5.3>
The heat generating layer 31 can have various shapes. For example, a sheet-shaped heat-generating layer 31 on which both bus bars 312 and 313 and a heating wire 6 are formed is prepared in advance on the base material 311 and cut appropriately to form an appropriate shape, and then both glass plates. It can be placed between 1 and 2. Therefore, for example, if the edges of the glass plates 1 and 2 are curved, the edges of the base material 311 may be curved accordingly. Further, since it is not necessary to completely match the shape of the heat generating layer 31 with the shapes of the glass plates 1 and 2, and the heat generating layer 31 can be arranged only in the portion where the anti-fog effect is desired, various shapes such as smaller shapes than the glass plates 1 and 2 can be obtained. Can be shaped. The glass plates 1 and 2 can also have various shapes other than the perfect rectangle.

In the above embodiment, both bus bars 312 and 313 and the heating wire 6 are arranged on the base material 311. However, at least the heating wire 6 may be arranged. Therefore, for example, both bus bars 312 and 313 can be arranged between the two adhesive layers 32 and 33.

<5.4>
Further, adjacent heating wires 6 can be connected to each other by at least one bypass wire. As a result, for example, even if one heating wire 6 is disconnected, electricity can be supplied from the adjacent heating wire 6. The position and number of bypass lines are not particularly limited. Further, the shape of the bypass line is not particularly limited, and various shapes such as being arranged so as to extend diagonally or having a corrugated shape can be used. However, for example, in one heating wire 6 having folded portions 64 and 65 as shown in FIGS. 1 and 5, adjacent portions (for example, the first portion 61 and the second portion 62) are connected by a bus path wire. You can't. The bypass wire is formed of the same metal material as the heating wire 314, and can be integrally formed with the heating wire 314.

<5.5>
The form of the connecting materials 41 and 42 and the configuration of the notched portions 21 and 22 of the inner glass plate 2 are not particularly limited. For example, as shown in FIG. 11, notches 21 and 22 having a thickness as small as that of the connecting materials 41 and 42 are formed on the inner glass plate 2, and the connecting materials 41 and 42 extending from the bus bars 312 and 313 are cut into the cut portions 21 and 42. It can also be folded back at the notches 21 and 22 and attached to the surface of the inner glass plate 2. By doing so, it is possible to prevent the connecting materials 41 and 42 from protruding in the surface direction from the end portion of the laminated glass.

<5.6>
The shapes of the glass plates 1 and 2 are not particularly limited, and may be any shape as long as the upper side 11, the lower side 12, the left side 13, and the right side 14 can be specified on the outer shape, and are not necessarily rectangular. Further, each side 11 to 14 may be a curved line as well as a straight line. Further, in each of the above embodiments, the bus bars 312 and 313 are arranged on the upper side 11 or the lower side 12, but may be arranged on the left side 13 or the right side 14.

<5.7>
In each of the above embodiments, a heat generating layer is provided on the interlayer film, but instead, the bus bars 312 and 313 and the heating wire 6 are attached to the inner surface of the outer glass plate 1 or the inner surface of the inner glass plate 2 by screen printing or the like. Can be formed into. In this case, the heat generating layer 31 may be formed of only the base material 311 or may be formed of only one adhesive layer. The arrangement of the bus bars 312 and 313 and the heating wire 6 can be made as in each of the above embodiments.

<5.8>
In the above embodiment, an example in which the laminated glass of the present invention is applied to a windshield of an automobile is shown, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the laminated glass may be applied to other vehicles such as trains, windowpanes of buildings, and the like. can.

1 Outer glass plate 2 Inner glass plate 3 Intermediate film 31 Heat-generating layer 311 Base material 312 1st bus bar 313 2nd bus bar 6 Heating wire

Claims (8)

A rectangular first glass plate having a first side and a second side facing the first side, and the like.
A second glass plate which is arranged to face the first glass plate and has substantially the same shape as the first glass plate.
An interlayer film arranged between the first glass plate and the second glass plate,
A shielding layer laminated on at least one of the first glass plate or the second glass plate and shielding the field of view from the outside or the inside of the vehicle.
Equipped with
The interlayer film is
The first bus bar and the second bus bar arranged along one of the ends on the first side or the end on the second side, and
With at least one relay busbar,
A plurality of heating wires arranged in parallel so as to connect the first bus bar and the second bus bar in series via at least one relay bus bar.
Equipped with
At least one of the relay busbars is arranged along the other end of the first side end or the second side end opposite to the one end.
A laminated glass in which the first bus bar, the second bus bar, and at least one relay bus bar are covered with the shielding layer. A rectangular first glass plate having a first side and a second side facing the first side, and the like.
A second glass plate which is arranged to face the first glass plate and has substantially the same shape as the first glass plate.
An interlayer film arranged between the first glass plate and the second glass plate,
A shielding layer laminated along four sides of at least one of the first glass plates or the second glass plate to shield the field of view from the outside or the inside of the vehicle.
Equipped with
The interlayer film is
A first bus bar extending along the end of the first side or the second side,
A second bus bar extending along the end opposite to the first bus bar among the ends on the first side or the second side.
A plurality of heating wires arranged in parallel so as to connect the first bus bar and the second bus bar,
Equipped with
At least one of the plurality of heating lines reciprocates between the first bus bar and the second bus bar in a direction substantially perpendicular to the extending direction of each bus bar while changing the extending direction of the heating lines. It has at least two folds and
A laminated glass in which the first bus bar, the second bus bar, and at least one folded portion are covered with the shielding layer. The laminated glass according to claim 1 or 2, wherein each heating wire has a calorific value of 200 to 1000 W / m ² per unit area. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the interlayer film comprises a sheet-like base material that supports at least the plurality of heating lines. A heat generating layer is formed by the first bus bar, the second bus bar, the plurality of heating wires, and the base material.
The laminated glass according to claim 4, wherein the interlayer film further includes a pair of adhesive layers that sandwich the heat generating layer. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the first bus bar, the second bus bar, and the plurality of heating wires are integrally formed of the same material. The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the line width of the heating wire is 500 μm or less. The laminated glass according to claim 1 to 7, wherein a voltage of 48 V is applied to the plurality of heating wires.

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