JP7080523B1 - 粘土鉱物懸濁水の噴霧による植物感染症対策方法及びその方法に用いる噴霧器 - Google Patents
粘土鉱物懸濁水の噴霧による植物感染症対策方法及びその方法に用いる噴霧器 Download PDFInfo
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- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M7/00—Special adaptations or arrangements of liquid-spraying apparatus for purposes covered by this subclass
- A01M7/0003—Atomisers or mist blowers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
- A01G9/246—Air-conditioning systems
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M7/00—Special adaptations or arrangements of liquid-spraying apparatus for purposes covered by this subclass
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- B05B7/08—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with separate outlet orifices, e.g. to form parallel jets, i.e. the axis of the jets being parallel, to form intersecting jets, i.e. the axis of the jets converging but not necessarily intersecting at a point
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- B05B7/2405—Apparatus to be carried on or by a person, e.g. by hand; Apparatus comprising containers fixed to the discharge device using an atomising fluid as carrying fluid for feeding, e.g. by suction or pressure, a carried liquid from the container to the nozzle
- B05B7/2429—Apparatus to be carried on or by a person, e.g. by hand; Apparatus comprising containers fixed to the discharge device using an atomising fluid as carrying fluid for feeding, e.g. by suction or pressure, a carried liquid from the container to the nozzle the carried liquid and the main stream of atomising fluid being brought together after discharge
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Abstract
Description
粘土鉱物を利用したものには、土壌改良、作物の活性剤、鮮度保持、環境浄化剤等があり、また農薬キャリヤーとしてのベントナイトは、広く活用されている。
植物の感染症を引き起こす微生物である病原の多くは、表面を帯電しており、粘土鉱物上澄み液中では、そのイオン交換によってあるいは粘土粒子が有する吸着性によって、本来の病原の活動が制限されるものと考えられる。しかしながら、通常の水への粘土鉱石の浸漬のみでは、作り出すことのできる粘土粒子の濃度は低く、大きな効果が期待できない。一方、空気噴流中の水は噴流の運動エネルギーによって液滴に細・微粒化し、飽和水蒸気圧に満たない雰囲気で水を噴霧すると、液滴表面から空中へ水成分を急速に蒸発させる。
第1段階として、鉱石をクラッシャーによって粉体状にし、微小な粒度の粉体を作成する。本実施例においては、平均約7μmの粉体を水で分級したものについて詳細を説明する。なお、本明細書において、分級とは、鉱石が水中での沈降速度の差によって、ふるい分けることをいう。
第2段階として、前記粉体を水と混合、撹拌し、懸濁水を作成する。分級の必要がある場合は、懸濁後、静水状態にし、粒径の大きな粘土鉱石や不純物を沈降・分級し、その上澄み水を採取する。本発明における上澄み水とは、粘土粒子の懸濁水であり、不純物及び粘土粒子に分離していない粘土鉱石を前記懸濁水から除いたものをいう。従って、不純物が少ない粘土鉱石を水中で粘土粒子に分離しやすい程度に微細の粉体にした場合、水に混合・撹拌することによって、そのままの状態で次の第3段階の懸濁水として利用することができる。
第3段階として、第2段階で得られた懸濁水を空気噴流によって液滴化し、更に栽培室内で水分を蒸発させ細粒化・微粒化し、濃度を高める。
図3のグラフは、表1成分の粘土鉱石を図2に示す粉体より更に微小な粉体とするクラッシャーで平均2.87μmにしたものである。本粉体の懸濁水においても懸濁水中において沈降物は視認され、粘土粒子への未分離成分が認められる。懸濁水の上澄み時間を短くし、更に懸濁水をそのまま利用することを可能とするための粘土粒子の効率的な分離には、更に粘土鉱石の微粒化若しくは水への撹拌・混合に工夫が必要である。
栽培方法 土耕栽培
噴霧液 表1の粘土鉱石を図2の粒度分布にした粉体を用い、重量比で1/500の前記粉体を水道水と混合・撹拌し懸濁水を作成し、12時間放置後に採取した上澄み水
条件1
栽培室 基本密閉(換気のため少なくとも1回/1日の開放時間帯あり)
噴霧期間 11月~4月
噴霧量 実施例1の噴霧器による3~4L/1000m2
噴霧方法 夕刻1回/3日~4日の噴霧 (夜間密閉)
条件2
栽培室 側面開放
噴霧期間 5月~10月
噴霧量 実施例1の噴霧器による3~4L/1000m2
噴霧方法 1回~数回/1日の噴霧 (全日開放)
効果 従来、黒点病、枝枯れ病、うどんこ病、立ち枯れ病等の感染症対策として薬剤散布を行っていたが、薬剤を使用することなく1年間の施業で薬剤散布と同様な効果があった。立ち枯れ病に関しては、土壌由来の感染症であるが、葉面、茎以外からの感染症に対しても効果がある可能性を有している。
栽培方法 土耕栽培
噴霧液 表1の粘土鉱石を図2の粒度分布にした粉体を用い、重量比で1/500の前記粉体を水道水と混合・撹拌し懸濁水を作成し、12時間放置後に採取した上澄み水
条件1
栽培室 基本密閉(換気のため少なくとも1回/1日の開放時間帯あり)
噴霧期間 11月~4月
噴霧量 実施例1の噴霧器による3~4L/1000m2
噴霧方法 夕刻1回/3日~4日の噴霧 (夜間密閉)
条件2
栽培室 側面開放
噴霧期間 5月、6月、10月
噴霧量 実施例1の噴霧器による3~4L/1000m2
噴霧方法 1回~数回/1日の噴霧 (全日開放)
効果 条件1におけるうどんこ病、条件1及び条件2における灰色カビ対策として、効果があった。
2 加圧液体タンク、21 液送管、22 液送バルブ、23 液送分岐部、24 吐出孔、25 吐出孔先端面、26 液体タンク空気部
3 ケーシング、31 送風機、32 貫通孔、33 噴頭部、34 噴頭部貫通孔、35 気送管
4 噴射孔、41 噴射孔外接円
Claims (9)
- 栽培室内での植物の感染症対策としての空中への噴霧方法であって、
スメクタイト系粘土鉱石を球形換算で2μm未満の粉体状にするステップと、
該粉体状にした粘土鉱石を水と混合、撹拌し、懸濁水を作成するステップと、
該懸濁水を空気流によって平均50μm以下の直径の液滴にして噴霧するステップと、
を備える噴霧方法。 - 栽培室内での植物の感染症対策としての空中への噴霧方法であって、
スメクタイト系粘土鉱石を平均7μm以下の粉体状にするステップと、
該粉体状にした粘土鉱石を水と混合、撹拌し、懸濁水を作成するステップと、
該懸濁水から、水との重量割合で1/10000から1/21500の粘土鉱物粒子を含む上澄み水を採取するステップと、
該上澄み水を空気流によって平均50μm以下の直径の液滴にして噴霧するステップと、
を備える噴霧方法。 - 請求項1の懸濁水を平均30μm以下の直径の液滴にして噴霧する請求項1の方法。
- 前記上澄み水を平均30μm以下の直径の液滴にして噴霧する請求項2の方法。
- 請求項1の懸濁水を、空気との質量比である液相質量/気相質量が10%以上20%以下で、噴霧する請求項1若しくは請求項3の方法。
- 前記上澄み水を、空気との質量比である液相質量/気相質量が10%以上20%以下で、噴霧する請求項2若しくは請求項4の方法。
- 栽培室内で使用する噴霧器であって、
請求項1の懸濁水若しくは請求項2の上澄み水を収容する加圧液体タンクと、
ケーシングと、
ケーシングの一端側に設けられる送風機と、
前記ケーシングの内径より小径であり、前記ケーシングの他端側に噴霧方向に向けて設けられる貫通孔と、
該貫通孔内において前記送風機からの気流に対して吐出方向が所定角度を有するよう配置される吐出孔と、
該吐出孔と前記加圧液体タンクとを連通する液送管と、
前記貫通孔と連通する噴射孔と、
を備える噴霧器。 - 前記吐出孔の先端面である吐出孔先端面が前記送風機からの気流に対して臨む傾斜平面を有する請求項7の噴霧器。
- 前記噴射孔における噴射方向が上方に向いている請求項7若しくは請求項8に記載された噴霧器。
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JP2007031294A (ja) | 2005-07-22 | 2007-02-08 | Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd | イネの育苗時期に発生する病害に対する防除剤 |
JP2007217259A (ja) | 2006-02-20 | 2007-08-30 | Tac Hasegawa:Kk | 葉面散布剤 |
US20120005957A1 (en) | 2010-07-07 | 2012-01-12 | Downs Sr Thomas J | Aeroponic System and Sprayer Device for Improved Plant Growth and Aeration |
US20150069142A1 (en) | 2012-03-23 | 2015-03-12 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Spray gun barrel with inseparable nozzle |
JP2014207876A (ja) | 2013-03-28 | 2014-11-06 | 株式会社 土佐農機 | 噴霧器 |
JP2016069295A (ja) | 2014-09-28 | 2016-05-09 | 第一工業製薬株式会社 | 水性農薬組成物 |
JP2017094307A (ja) | 2015-11-27 | 2017-06-01 | 高知県公立大学法人 | 噴霧器 |
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