JP7069327B2 - Machine Tools - Google Patents

Description

The present application relates to machine tools.

Conventionally, a machine tool provided with a tool changing device for changing a tool between a spindle and a tool magazine is known. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a horizontal machining center provided with a tool magazine. The tool magazine is located in the magazine chamber above the machining chamber and rotates about a horizontal central axis. A shutter that slides horizontally is provided between the processing chamber and the magazine chamber. The shutter is closed during machining and opened when changing tools.

Patent Document 2 discloses a machine tool including a tool magazine. The tool magazine is arranged in the tool storage room, and the processing room and the tool storage room are separated by a separation section. The isolation portion has an opening that connects the processing chamber and the tool storage chamber. The opening is configured to be opened and closed by a shutter. The shutter has an inclined portion inclined with respect to the vertical direction and a hanging portion extending in the vertical direction. The shutter is closed while the workpiece is being machined and opened when the tool is changed.

Japanese Patent No. 6326374 International Publication No. 2018/047308

The present invention provides a machine tool capable of shortening the tool change time, accommodating a tool having a larger diameter, and shortening the spindle movement stroke for tool change to reduce the machine size. The purpose is to do.

One aspect of the present disclosure is a spindle device that rotatably supports the spindle and detachably mounts the tool on the tip of the spindle in a machine tool that processes a work while exchanging a tool mounted on the spindle. A tool changer having a tool magazine that holds a tool parallel to and in the same direction as the tool mounted on the spindle. The tool magazine circulates a plurality of tools and selects a tool from a plurality of tools. A tool changer that positions the selected tool with respect to the spindle in the first position and exchanges the tool directly between the spindle and the tool magazine, and a machine tool in which the workpiece is machined. An openable / closable shutter provided on the partition wall that separates the magazine chamber from which the tool magazine is housed, and the tool positioned at the first position with respect to the axis of the tool positioned at the first position. It is a machine tool provided with a shutter arranged so as to be inclined so as to approach the axis on the proximal end side and move away from the axis on the distal end side of the tool positioned at the first position.

In the machine tool according to one aspect of the present disclosure, the shutter has an axis on the base end side of the tool (that is, a portion gripped by the spindle) with respect to the axis of the tool positioned at the first position of the tool magazine. Arranged to be closer to (ie, closer to the tool magazine). This allows the spindle to be closer to the tool magazine when the shutter is closed. Therefore, it is possible to shorten the spindle moving stroke for tool change and reduce the machine size, and it is possible to shorten the tool change time. Further, the shutter is arranged so as to be away from the axis of the tool positioned at the first position on the tip side of the tool. This provides more space between the tip of the tool and the shutter in the magazine chamber, thus allowing larger diameter tools to be accommodated.

The spindle may be vertical, and the tool changer may be a so-called armless ATC (Automatic Tool Changer). In this case, it is not necessary to provide additional components (eg, tool change arm) for changing tools. Therefore, it is possible to further reduce the mechanical dimensions.

The shutter may open from the proximal end side of the tool positioned in the first position towards the distal end side. Below the tip of the tool, there may already be a relatively large space, usually for placing other elements such as a table. Therefore, there is no need to provide additional waiting space for the open shutter. Therefore, it is possible to further reduce the mechanical dimensions.

The machine tool is further provided with a shutter drive device for opening and closing the shutter, the shutter may be attached to the partition wall so as to be openable and closable on the processing chamber side, and the shutter drive device may be attached to the partition wall in the magazine chamber. It may be mounted on the side. In this case, since the shutter is attached to the partition wall on the processing chamber side, it is possible to arrange the shutter so as to cover the opening of the partition wall from the processing chamber side. Therefore, while the shutter is closed, the opening is not exposed to the machining chamber and chips can be prevented from accumulating on the edges of the opening. Therefore, it is possible to prevent chips from entering the magazine chamber from the processing chamber. Further, since the shutter drive device is attached to the magazine chamber side with respect to the partition wall, it is possible to prevent chips and coolant from contaminating the shutter drive device.

According to one aspect of the machine tool of the present disclosure, the tool change time is shortened, a tool having a larger diameter is accommodated, and the spindle movement stroke for tool change is shortened to reduce the machine size. It becomes possible.

It is a schematic perspective view which shows the machine tool which concerns on embodiment. It is a schematic perspective view which shows a part of the inside of the machine tool of FIG. It is a schematic perspective view which shows the bed. It is a schematic side sectional view of the machine tool of FIG. It is a schematic perspective view which shows the inside of the processing chamber of the machine tool of FIG. It is a schematic perspective view which shows the bed and the tool change device. It is a schematic enlarged view of the X part in FIG. FIG. 3 is a schematic side view showing a spindle, a shutter, and a tool positioned in the first position when the spindle is in the tool change position. FIG. 3 is a schematic side view showing a spindle, a shutter, and a tool positioned at the first position when the spindle is at the lower end of the stroke in the Z-axis direction. It is a schematic perspective view which shows the shutter from the magazine room side. FIG. 8 is a schematic side view assuming that the shutter is provided vertically.

Hereinafter, the machine tool according to the embodiment will be described with reference to the attached drawings. Similar or corresponding elements are designated by the same reference numerals, and duplicate description is omitted. The scale of the figure is subject to change for ease of understanding.

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing a machine tool 100 according to an embodiment, and FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view showing a part of the inside of the machine tool 100 of FIG. With reference to FIG. 1, the machine tool 100 can be, for example, a vertical machining center. The machine tool 100 may be another type of machine tool including a processing chamber in which a work is machined and a magazine chamber in which a tool magazine is housed. The machine tool 100 includes a bed (which may also be called a base) 1, a saddle 2, a ram base 3, a spindle head 4, a spindle 5, a table 6, a splash guard 7, a trough 8, and chip collection. It is equipped with a vessel 9. Further, referring to FIG. 2, the machine tool 100 includes a tool changing device 90 having a tool magazine 50, and is configured to machine the work W while exchanging tools mounted on the spindle 5. .. Note that in FIG. 2, the splash guard 7 is omitted for clarity. The machine tool 100 may further have other components.

With reference to FIG. 1, in this embodiment, the spindle 5 is vertical and rotates around the vertical axis Os. In the machine tool 100, the direction along the axis Os is the Z-axis direction (which may also be referred to as the vertical direction). Further, in the machine tool 100, the direction in which the table 6 and the main body portion 12 of the bed 1 (detailed later) face each other in the horizontal direction is the Y-axis direction (which may also be referred to as a front-rear direction). The side where the table 6 is located is the front side with respect to the main body portion 12 of the bed 1, and the opposite side is the rear side. Further, in the machine tool 100, of the horizontal directions, the direction perpendicular to the Y-axis direction is the X-axis direction (which may also be referred to as the left-right direction).

FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view showing the bed 1. The bed 1 has a pair of legs 11 and a main body 12. The pair of legs 11 are arranged in parallel on a foundation such as a floor surface. The main body portion 12 is provided above the leg portion 11. The main body portion 12 has a pair of side walls 12a and a ceiling wall 12b bridged over the pair of side walls 12a. The ceiling wall 12b connects a pair of side walls 12a at a position slightly below the upper surface of the side wall 12a. The leading edge of the ceiling wall 12b is retracted rearward from the leading edge of the side wall 12a to provide space for tool change between the spindle 5 and the tool changer 90.

FIG. 4 is a schematic side sectional view of the machine tool 100 of FIG. The main body 12 forms a part of the magazine chamber cover 14 that defines the magazine chamber R2 and surrounds the tool magazine 50. The rear part of the main body portion 12 is covered with the rear cover 13, and the rear cover 13 forms the magazine chamber cover 14 together with the main body portion 12.

With reference to FIG. 1, the saddle 2 straddles the upper surface of a pair of side walls 12a of the bed 1. The saddle 2 is driven on the bed 1 along the Y-axis direction by a feeder (not shown) having a ball screw connected to a motor. A guide (not shown) for guiding the movement of the saddle 2 is arranged between the side wall 12a and the saddle 2. The feed in the Y-axis direction by the saddle 2 is controlled by the NC device.

The ram base 3 is attached to the front surface of the saddle 2. The ram base 3 is driven on the saddle 2 along the X-axis direction by a feeder (not shown) having a ball screw connected to a motor. A guide (not shown) for guiding the movement of the ram base 3 is arranged between the saddle 2 and the ram base 3. The feed in the X-axis direction by the ram base 3 is controlled by the NC device.

The spindle head 4 is attached to the front surface of the ram base 3. The spindle head 4 is driven on the ram base 3 along the Z-axis direction by a feeding device (not shown) having a ball screw connected to a motor. A guide (not shown) for guiding the movement of the spindle head 4 is arranged between the ram base 3 and the spindle head 4. The feed in the Z-axis direction by the spindle head 4 is controlled by the NC device. A spindle 5 that rotates about the axis Os is provided in the spindle head 4. A tool is mounted on the spindle 5.

The saddle 2, the ram base 3, and the spindle head 4 rotatably support the spindle 5, and constitute a spindle device 10 in which a tool is detachably mounted on the tip of the spindle 5. The spindle device 10 may include other components. The spindle device 10 may move the spindle 5 in at least one direction in the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction, and the Z-axis direction so that the tool held in the tool magazine 50 is detachably attached to the tip of the spindle 5. can.

A pair of seats S1 in the X-axis direction and a seat S2 in the Y-axis direction are attached to the lower portion of the spindle head 4. The sheets S1 and S2 define the ceiling surface of the processing chamber R1 to prevent chips and coolant from scattering.

FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view showing the inside of the processing chamber R1 of the machine tool 100 of FIG. The ceiling surface formed by the sheets S1 and S2 is provided with an opening for passing the lower end portion of the spindle head 4. The seats S1 in the X-axis direction are arranged on the left and right sides of the spindle head 4. The seat S2 in the Y-axis direction is arranged in front of the spindle head 4.

The sheet S2 in the Y-axis direction is made of a flexible material and is configured to be wound by the winding portion S2a. The take-up portion S2a can be fixed to the front surface of the splash guard 7 of the machine tool 100, for example. One end of the sheet S2 is fixed to the take-up portion S2a, and the other end is fixed to the front surface of the spindle head 4. Therefore, for example, when the head of the head 4 is moved to the front side by the saddle 2, the sheet S2 is wound by the take-up portion S2a, while when the head of the head 4 is moved to the rear side, the sheet S2 is taken up by the take-up portion. It is drawn from S2a. With such a configuration, the seat S2 is configured to follow the movement of the spindle head 4 (saddle 2) in the front-rear direction.

The sheet S1 in the X-axis direction has the same configuration as the sheet S2 in the Y-axis direction, and is configured to be wound by a winding portion (not shown) similar to the winding portion S2a in the Y-axis direction. ing. With such a configuration, when the spindle head 4 moves to the left side, the sheet S1 on the left side is wound up by the winding unit, while the sheet S1 on the right side is pulled out from the winding unit. On the contrary, when the spindle head 4 moves to the right side, the sheet S1 on the left side is pulled out from the take-up portion, while the sheet S1 on the right side is taken up by the take-up portion. With such a configuration, the seat S1 is configured to follow the movement of the spindle head 4 in the left-right direction.

With reference to FIG. 1, the table 6 is provided in front of the main body 12 of the bed 1. The table 6 supports the work W. The work W may be attached directly to the table 6 or may be attached to the table 6 via a pallet. The table 6 is rotatably supported by a table base 61 projecting upward from the legs 11 of the bed 1. The table 6 is rotated, for example, by a motor around a horizontal axis parallel to the X axis. This direction of rotation of the table 6 may be referred to as the A-axis direction. The feed in the A-axis direction by the table 6 is controlled by the NC device.

The splash guard 7 defines the side surfaces (front surface, rear surface, left surface and right surface) of the processing chamber R1. The splash guard 7 surrounds the table 6. A plurality of spouts (not shown) for supplying coolant are provided toward the upper part of the splash guard 7. The ejected coolant washes away chips that adhere to or accumulate on the inner wall surface of the splash guard 7. Therefore, chips can be efficiently discharged.

With reference to FIG. 4, the splash guard 7 has a processing chamber discharge port 71 directly below the table 6. The processing chamber discharge port 71 is defined by an opening formed at the lower end of the splash guard 7 and opens to the trough 8. The front surface 7a of the splash guard 7 is formed by a vertical wall and a lower inclined wall. Further, the rear surface 7b of the splash guard 7 is formed by an inclined wall. The rear surface 7b of the splash guard 7 is defined by a partition wall 73 that separates the processing chamber R1 and the magazine chamber R2. The rear surface 7b of the splash guard 7 is provided with a shutter 72 (detailed later) having an inclination similar to that of the rear surface 7b, and forms a part of the inclined wall. The splash guard 7 is configured to collect chips generated by processing at the processing chamber discharge port 71 by these vertical walls and inclined walls.

The magazine chamber R2 houses the tool changing device 90. The ceiling surface and the side surface of the magazine chamber R2 are defined by the magazine chamber cover 14. As described above, the magazine chamber cover 14 can be formed by the main body portion 12 of the bed 1 and the rear cover 13. The magazine chamber cover 14 has a magazine chamber discharge port 15 directly below the tool magazine 50. The magazine chamber discharge port 15 is defined by an opening formed at the lower end of the magazine chamber cover 14, and opens to the trough 8. The front surface 14a and the rear surface 14b of the magazine chamber cover 14 are formed of a vertical wall and an inclined wall. The front surface 14a of the magazine chamber cover 14 is defined by a partition wall 73. The magazine chamber cover 14 is configured to collect chips dropped from the tool at the magazine chamber discharge port 15 by the vertical wall and the inclined wall.

FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view showing the bed 1 and the tool changing device 90. The tool changing device 90 has a tool magazine 50 and a broken tool detecting device 80. It should be noted that FIG. 6 shows substantially the entire tool magazine 50 and the broken tool detection device 80, while only the left half of the bed 1 is shown. It should also be noted that although the tool magazine 50 can hold a plurality of tools, only one tool T is shown in FIG. 6 for brevity. The tool magazine 50 holds a plurality of tools in parallel and in the same direction as the tools mounted on the spindle 5. Specifically, in the tool magazine 50, the base end of the tool T is oriented so that the tip of the tool T and the tip of the tool mounted on the spindle 5 project in the same direction (downward in this embodiment). To grasp. The tool magazine 50 orbits a plurality of tools and positions the tool T selected from the plurality of tools at the first position P1 for mounting the tool T with respect to the spindle 5 (details will be described later). .. For example, the position of each tool in the tool magazine 50 can be tracked by a machine control device (not shown) of the machine tool 100.

The tool magazine 50 has a magazine base 51, a chain 52, and a plurality of grippers 53. The magazine base 51 is suspended and fixed from the ceiling wall of the magazine chamber R2 (ceiling wall 12b of the main body 12 of the bed 1) by a plurality of (for example, four) bolts B. Note that the bolt on the upper right is omitted in FIG. In other embodiments, one or more of the bolts B may be secured to the ceiling wall of the rear cover 13. The chain 52 is movably supported by the magazine base 51 and has an oval endless orbit. The plurality of grippers 53 are evenly arranged along the chain 52. The tool magazine 50 makes a plurality of tools orbit along the endless orbit by moving the chain 52 along the endless orbit.

FIG. 7 is a schematic enlarged view of part X in FIG. The gripper 53 is configured to grip the holder attached to the tool T by two arms. The two arms are urged to a closed position by an elastic element and can be opened by pushing the holder of the tool T against the urging force of the elastic element. With such a mechanical configuration, the gripper 53 can hold the tool T.

The tool magazine 50 has a first position P1 for mounting the selected tool T with respect to the spindle 5 and a second position P2 for detecting breakage of the tool. The first position P1 can be the position closest to the processing chamber R1 (the leftmost position in FIG. 4). With reference to FIG. 7, the second position P2 can be a position adjacent to the first position P1. The position opposite to the second position P2 with respect to the first position P1 can be the third position P3.

The breakage tool detection device 80 detects the breakage of the tool T held by the tool magazine 50 at the second position P2. The broken tool detection device 80 is fixed to the magazine base 51, and is indirectly supported by the ceiling wall of the magazine chamber R2 (ceiling wall 12b of the main body 12 of the bed 1). Alternatively, the broken tool detection device 80 may be directly fixed and supported on the ceiling wall of the magazine chamber R2.

The broken tool detection device 80 raises and lowers the arm 84 having the contactor 81 at the tip in the Z-axis direction, and detects that the contactor 81 has touched the cutting edge on the lower surface of the tool T by the built-in sensor, and when the contact is made. Since it has a known structure for detecting the presence or absence of tool breakage at the position in the Z-axis direction, detailed description thereof will be omitted here. The upper surfaces 85, 86, and 87 of the broken tool detection device 80 are formed with an inclined surface so that chips can easily fall.

With reference to FIG. 4, the trough 8 is provided below the processing chamber R1 and below the magazine chamber R2, and chips dropped from the processing chamber discharge port 71 are dropped from the magazine chamber discharge port 15. Transport with chips. The trough 8 is configured to carry chips from front to back, as indicated by arrow D. The trough 8 is provided with a mechanism for flowing a fluid (for example, coolant) from the front to the rear, and is configured to convey chips by the fluid. Alternatively or additionally, a mechanical transfer device such as a screw conveyor or a scraper conveyor may be provided inside the trough 8.

With reference to FIG. 2, the chip collector 9 is connected to the trough 8 and collects the chips conveyed by the trough 8. The chip collector 9 can include, for example, a drum filter 91 and a lift-up chip conveyor 92. The drum filter 91 is configured to separate chips from the coolant. The lift-up chip conveyor 92 is configured to carry the chips separated by the drum filter 91 upward. Chips conveyed by the lift-up chip conveyor 92 can fall, for example, into a chip bucket (not shown). A tank 93 may be connected to the chip collector 9. The tank 93 is configured to store the coolant from which chips have been separated by a drum filter. The tank 93 can include, for example, a pump (not shown) so that the recovered coolant is again supplied to the work W processing section, the coolant ejection port to the splash guard 7, the upstream (front) of the trough 8, and the like. It may be configured. The chip collector 9 may have another configuration different from the above.

Subsequently, the shutter 72 will be described in detail. With reference to FIG. 4, the shutter 72 is provided on a partition wall 73 that separates the processing chamber R1 and the magazine chamber R2. The shutter 72 prevents chips and coolant generated by the processing from being scattered in the magazine chamber R2 while the work is being processed.

FIG. 8 is a schematic side view showing the spindle 5, the shutter 72, and the tool T positioned at the first position P1 when the spindle 5 is in the tool change position CP, and FIG. 9 shows a schematic side view showing the spindle 5 in Z. It is a schematic side view which shows the spindle 5, the shutter 72, and the tool T positioned at the 1st position P1 when it is at the lower end LP of the stroke in the axial direction. It should be noted that in FIGS. 8 and 9, the partition wall 73 is omitted for the sake of clarity.

With reference to FIG. 8, the shutter 72 is located on the proximal end side of the tool T (tool T) with respect to the axis (rotation axis when rotated to the spindle 5) Ot of the tool T positioned at the first position P1. The holder side attached to the tool T (upper side in FIG. 8) is arranged at an angle so as to approach the axis Ot and the tip side of the tool T (lower side in FIG. 8) away from the axis Ot. With respect to such a shutter 72, the spindle 5 can be located at the tool change position CP.

The height of the tool change position CP (position in the Z-axis direction) is the height of the base end of the tool T held by the spindle 5 (that is, the height of the holder of the tool T held by the spindle 5). , It can be positioned so as to match the height of the gripper 53 of the tool magazine 50. At the left-right position (position in the X-axis direction) of the tool change position CP, the rotation axis Os of the spindle 5 and the axis Ot of the tool T positioned at the first position P1 are aligned in the X-axis direction. Can be in such a position.

The position in the front-rear direction (position in the Y-axis direction) of the tool change position CP is a component (spindle 5, spindle head 4, and these) for supporting, guiding, and driving the tool T and the tool T held on the spindle 5. The guide and feed device) can be positioned so as not to interfere with the shutter 72. For example, the position in the front-rear direction of the tool change position CP is when the spindle 5 is moved from the tool change position CP (FIG. 8) to the stroke lower end LP (FIG. 9) in the Z-axis direction while maintaining the position in the Y-axis direction. In addition, the shutter 72 can be set at a position where it does not interfere with other parts. At the same time, the position of the tool change position CP in the front-rear direction is set closer to the tool magazine 50 in order to shorten the movement stroke of the spindle 5 for tool change (movement stroke in the Y-axis direction, which will be described in detail later). It is preferable to be done. In order to prevent interference of the shutter 72 and shorten the movement stroke of the spindle 5, the shutter 72 is as close as possible to the axis Ot on the proximal end side of the tool T positioned at the first position P1. It will be geometrically understood from FIG. 8 that this is preferable.

In contrast, in order to accommodate the larger diameter tool T in the magazine chamber R2, the shutter 72 is in the first position in the magazine chamber R2 to provide a wider space between the tip of the tool T and the shutter 72. It will be geometrically understood from FIG. 8 that it is preferable that the tip side of the tool T positioned at P1 is as far away from the axis Ot as possible. This is because the tool usually has a common base end, while the diameter of the tip varies depending on the tool.

In consideration of the above considerations, in the machine tool 100, as described above, the shutter 72 has an axis line Ot of the tool T positioned at the first position P1 and an axis line on the proximal end side of the tool T. It is arranged at an angle so as to approach Ot and move away from the axis Ot on the tip side of the tool T. Therefore, the machine tool 100 can simultaneously prevent the shutter 72 from interfering with other parts, shorten the moving stroke of the spindle 5, and accommodate the tool T having a larger diameter. The tilt angle of the shutter 72 can be various angles depending on various factors such as the diameter of the accommodated tool, for example, 8 ° or 9 °. The tilt angle may be another value.

A case where the shutter 72 is provided vertically will be described with reference to FIG. 11. FIG. 11 is a schematic side view when a tool T having the same tool diameter as that of FIGS. 8 and 9 is attached to the spindle 5 and the tool magazine 50, and the shutter 72 is vertically provided. FIG. 11 shows a position in which the spindle 5 and the tool magazine 50 are closest to each other so that the shutter 72 does not interfere with the surrounding structures under the same conditions as in FIGS. 8 and 9. At this time, the distance L2 between the axis Os and the axis Ot is assured by (the height of the shutter 72) × (sin value of the tilt angle of the shutter 72) from the distance L1 between the axis Os and the axis Ot in FIG. Becomes larger. That is, it can be seen that if the shutter 72 is provided vertically, the moving stroke of the spindle 5 at the time of tool change is inevitably long.

With reference to FIG. 8, the spindle head 4 is provided with a nozzle 5a for injecting coolant toward the upper end portion of the shutter 72 at the tool change position CP. Since the shutter 72 is tilted as described above, chips may accumulate on the upper end of the shutter 72. In the machine tool 100, the accumulation of chips can be prevented by injecting coolant from the nozzle 5a toward the upper end portion. Therefore, it is possible to prevent chips from entering the magazine chamber R2 when the shutter 72 is opened. Further, a wiper 72a is attached to the lower portion of the shutter 72, and when the shutter 72 is opened, the lower end contacts the rear surface 7b of the splash guard 7 and acts to scrape off chips adhering to the rear surface 7b. As a result, chips that enter the magazine chamber R2 as the shutter 72 is opened and closed are minimized.

FIG. 10 is a schematic perspective view showing the shutter 72 from the magazine chamber R2 side. The machine tool 100 includes a shutter drive device 110 for opening and closing the shutter 72. The shutter 72 is attached to the partition wall 73 so as to be openable and closable on the processing chamber R1 side (rear surface 7b of the splash guard 7), while the shutter drive device 110 is attached to the partition wall 73 on the magazine chamber R2 side (magazine chamber). It is attached to the front surface 14a) of the cover 14.

Specifically, the partition wall 73 has an opening 74 for passing the spindle 5 when changing tools, and the shutter 72 slides on the partition wall 73 so as to cover the opening 74 from the processing chamber R1 side. It can be mounted movably. The opening 74 is formed in the partition wall 73 in the direction of the arrow 75 from the proximal end side (upper in FIG. 10) to the distal end side (lower in FIG. 10) with respect to the tool in which the shutter 72 is held by the tool magazine 50. It is installed in a position that opens. A contact-type seal, a non-contact-type seal such as a labyrinth, or a sealing means such as a combination thereof can be provided between the shutter 72 and the partition wall 73.

The shutter drive device 110 can have a bracket 111, a first slider 112, a second slider 113, a guide 114, a ball screw 115, and a drive source 116. The shutter drive device 110 may further include other components.

The bracket 111 is fixed to the shutter 72 at an intermediate portion thereof. The bracket 111 extends from the shutter 72 to the side of the opening 74 in the magazine chamber R2. The first slider 112 is fixed to one end of the bracket 111, while the second slider 113 is fixed to the other end of the bracket 111.

The guide 114 includes a rail fixed to the partition wall 73 and a block moving on the rail, and the first slider 112 is fixed to the block of the guide 114. The ball screw 115 includes a screw shaft rotatably fixed to the partition wall 73 and a nut moving on the screw shaft, and the second slider 113 is fixed to the nut of the ball screw 115. The drive source 116 can be, for example, a motor and rotates the screw shaft of the ball screw 115. According to the above configuration, the shutter 72 fixed to the nut of the ball screw 115 via the second slider 113 and the bracket 111 by rotating the screw shaft of the ball screw 115 by the drive source 116 is first. While being guided by the guide 114 via the slider 112, the tool can be opened from the proximal end side to the distal end side with respect to the tool held in the tool magazine 50. Note that, as a component for sliding the second slider 113, another drive manual such as a hydraulic cylinder or a pneumatic cylinder may be used instead of the ball screw 115 and the drive source 116. Should.

In the machine tool 100 as described above, the tools can be replaced by the following methods. With reference to FIG. 4, first, the spindle 5 is Z-shaped so that the height of the holder of the tool (tool used for machining) held on the spindle 5 matches the height of the gripper 53 of the tool magazine 50. Move along the axis to the tool change position CP (FIG. 8). Further, an empty gripper 53 is arranged at the first position P1 of the tool magazine 50. Further, the gripper 53 at the third position P3 preferably holds the following tools.

Subsequently, the shutter 72 is opened, and the spindle 5 is retracted along the Y axis to the first position P1 so that the holder of the tool held by the spindle 5 is held by the gripper 53 at the first position P1. Let me. Subsequently, the spindle 5 unclamps the tool, and the spindle 5 rises along the Z axis.

With reference to FIG. 7, the chain 52 is subsequently driven to move the gripper 53 at the first position P1 and the third position P3 to the second position P2 and the first position P1, respectively.

With reference to FIG. 4, the spindle 5 subsequently descends along the Z axis to clamp the next tool at the first position P1. Subsequently, the main shaft 5 advances along the Y axis to the processing chamber R1. Subsequently, the shutter 72 is closed. This completes a series of operations for replacing the tool. By the above operation, the spindle 5 is configured to directly exchange the tool with the tool magazine 50.

Further, the broken tool detecting device 80 detects whether or not the tool at the second position P2 is broken after the tool used for machining is placed at the second position P2. If it is detected that the tool is broken, the broken tool may be left on the work W. Therefore, in this case, the machine tool 100 may stop machining in order to prevent damage to the next tool.

In the machine tool 100 as described above, the shutter 72 is a portion gripped by the base end side (that is, the spindle) of the tool T with respect to the axis Ot of the tool T positioned at the first position P1 of the tool magazine 50. ) Is arranged so as to approach the axis Ot (that is, closer to the tool magazine 50). This allows the spindle 5 to be closer to the tool magazine 50 when the shutter 72 is closed. Therefore, the moving stroke of the spindle 5 for tool replacement can be shortened to reduce the mechanical dimensions, and the tool replacement time can be shortened. Further, the shutter 72 is arranged so as to be away from the axis Ot on the tip side of the tool T with respect to the axis Ot of the tool T positioned at the first position P1. Therefore, a wider space can be obtained between the tip of the tool T and the shutter 72 in the magazine chamber R2, and it becomes possible to accommodate the tool T having a larger diameter.

Further, in the machine tool 100, the spindle 5 is vertical, and the tool is directly exchanged with the tool magazine 50. Therefore, it is not necessary to provide additional components (eg, tool change arm) for changing tools. Therefore, it is possible to further reduce the mechanical dimensions.

Further, in the machine tool 100, the shutter 72 opens from the base end side to the tip end side of the tool T positioned at the first position P1. Below the tip of the tool T, usually there may already be a relatively large space for arranging other elements such as the table 6. Therefore, there is no need to provide additional waiting space for the open shutter 72. Therefore, it is possible to further reduce the mechanical dimensions.

Further, the machine tool 100 further includes a shutter drive device 110 for opening and closing the shutter 72, and the shutter 72 is attached to the partition wall 73 so as to be openable and closable on the processing chamber R1 side. The 110 is attached to the magazine chamber R2 side with respect to the partition wall 73. Therefore, the shutter 72 can be arranged so as to cover the opening 74 of the partition wall 73 from the processing chamber R1 side. Therefore, while the shutter 72 is closed, the opening 74 is not exposed to the processing chamber R1 and it is possible to prevent chips from accumulating on the edge of the opening 74. This makes it possible to prevent chips from entering the magazine chamber R2 from the processing chamber R1. Further, since the shutter drive device 110 is attached to the magazine chamber R2 side with respect to the partition wall 73, it is possible to prevent chips and coolant from contaminating the shutter drive device 110.

Although the embodiment of the machine tool has been described, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various variations of the above embodiments are possible.

5 Spindle 10 Spindle device 50 Tool magazine 72 Shutter 90 Tool changer 100 Machine tool 110 Shutter drive device Ot Rotating axis of the tool positioned in the first position P1 First position of the tool magazine R1 Machining room R2 Magazine room T Tool W work

Claims (4)

In a machine tool that processes workpieces while exchanging tools mounted on the spindle
A spindle device that rotatably supports the spindle and detachably attaches a tool to the tip of the spindle.
A tool changer having a tool magazine that holds a plurality of tools in parallel and in the same direction as a tool mounted on the spindle, wherein the tool magazine circulates the plurality of tools and is selected from among the plurality of tools. A tool changer that positions the selected tool in a first position for mounting on the spindle and the spindle directly exchanges tools with the tool magazine .
An openable / closable shutter provided on a partition wall that separates a processing chamber in which a work is machined and a magazine chamber in which the tool magazine is housed, with respect to the axis of the tool positioned at the first position. , The base end side of the tool positioned at the first position is arranged so as to approach the axis line, and the tip end side of the tool positioned at the first position is inclined away from the axis line. With the shutter,
A machine tool characterized by being equipped with. The machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the spindle is vertical. The machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the shutter opens from the base end side toward the tip end side with respect to the tool held in the tool magazine. Further provided with a shutter drive device for opening and closing the shutter,
The machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the shutter is movably attached to the partition wall on the processing chamber side, and the shutter drive device is attached to the magazine chamber side with respect to the partition wall.

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