JP7060969B2 - Yellow-green glass and yellow-green glass container - Google Patents

Yellow-green glass and yellow-green glass container Download PDF

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JP7060969B2
JP7060969B2 JP2018015277A JP2018015277A JP7060969B2 JP 7060969 B2 JP7060969 B2 JP 7060969B2 JP 2018015277 A JP2018015277 A JP 2018015277A JP 2018015277 A JP2018015277 A JP 2018015277A JP 7060969 B2 JP7060969 B2 JP 7060969B2
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JP2019085323A (en
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誠司 東條
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Toyo Glass Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Description

本発明は、黄緑色系ガラス及びそのガラスを成形してなる黄緑色系ガラス容器に関する。 The present invention relates to a yellow-green glass and a yellow-green glass container formed by molding the glass.

従来から濃緑色ガラスなどの様々な着色ガラスが、飲料や酒類、調味料用のガラス容器に用いられてきた(特許文献1参照)。 Conventionally, various colored glasses such as dark green glass have been used for glass containers for beverages, alcoholic beverages, and seasonings (see Patent Document 1).

中でも、黄緑色(一般的には枯葉色と称される)のガラス容器は、ワイン、特に白ワインに用いられることが多く、主にヨーロッパで生産されている。 Among them, yellow-green (generally referred to as dead leaf color) glass containers are often used for wine, especially white wine, and are mainly produced in Europe.

しかし、ヨーロッパで生産されている黄緑色系ガラスは、還元性ガラス(バッチのレドックスが0以下、ガラス中SO濃度が0.1質量%(mass%)以下)である。日本でこのガラスをカレットとして使用する場合、酸化性ガラスと反応することにより最終製品に泡を発生させたり、色調を変動させたりする等の不具合を生じさせるリスクがある。したがって、日本ではヨーロッパで製造されている還元性の黄緑色系ガラスをリサイクル用カレットとして使用しづらい状況にある。 However, the yellow-green glass produced in Europe is a reducing glass (the redox of the batch is 0 or less , and the SO3 concentration in the glass is 0.1% by mass (mass%) or less). When this glass is used as a cullet in Japan, there is a risk that the reaction with the oxidizing glass will cause problems such as bubbles in the final product and fluctuations in color tone. Therefore, in Japan, it is difficult to use reducing yellow-green glass manufactured in Europe as a cullet for recycling.

リサイクルの困難性の観点から、還元性の黄緑色系ガラスは日本ではごく少量しか生産されておらず、黄緑色系ガラス容器を使用したい場合、ワインメーカーは海外から輸入しなければならなかった。 Due to the difficulty of recycling, reducing yellow-green glass is produced in very small quantities in Japan, and wine makers had to import it from overseas if they wanted to use yellow-green glass containers.

特開2006-56727公報Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2006-56727

近年、日本でもワインの消費量が増加し、このような色調の容器の輸入量が今後も増加すると、還元性ガラスを用いて成形された海外から輸入される黄緑色系ガラス容器に関する上記リスクが、顕在化するおそれがある。 In recent years, the consumption of wine has increased in Japan as well, and if the import volume of containers with such color tones continues to increase, the above risks related to yellow-green glass containers imported from overseas molded using reducing glass will be raised. , May become apparent.

さらにワインメーカーは、コスト面や品質面の関係から、日本製の黄緑色系ガラス容器を望んでいる。そこで本発明は、還元性の黄緑色系ガラスに似た色調を有する酸化性の黄緑色系ガラスを提供することを課題とする。 In addition, wine makers want Japanese-made yellow-green glass containers because of cost and quality. Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide an oxidizing yellow-green glass having a color tone similar to that of the reducing yellow-green glass.

本発明者らは、鋭意研究の結果、以下の酸化性であることを特徴とする黄緑色系ガラス及びそのガラスを成形してなる黄緑色系ガラス容器を開発した。 As a result of diligent research, the present inventors have developed a yellow-green glass characterized by having the following oxidizing properties and a yellow-green glass container formed by molding the glass.

すなわち、本発明は以下を包含する。 That is, the present invention includes the following.

[1] 0.15質量%(mass%)以上のSOを含むソーダ石灰シリカ系の黄緑色系ガラスであって、着色剤として、CrとMnOとを含み、MnO/Crが質量比で0.25~1.00であり、酸化性であることを特徴とする黄緑色系ガラス。 [1] A soda lime silica-based yellow-green glass containing 0.15% by mass (mass%) or more of SO 3 , which contains Cr 2 O 3 and Mn O as colorants, and is MnO / Cr 2 O. 3 is a yellowish green glass having a mass ratio of 0.25 to 1.00 and being oxidative.

[2] CrとMnOとの合計割合がガラス全体に対して0.190質量%以下である、前項[1]に記載の黄緑色系ガラス。 [2] The yellow-green glass according to the preceding item [1], wherein the total ratio of Cr 2 O 3 and Mn O is 0.190% by mass or less with respect to the entire glass.

[3] 着色剤として、0~0.120質量%(mass%)のFeをさらに含む、前項[1]又は[2]に記載の黄緑色系ガラス。 [3] The yellow-green glass according to the preceding item [1] or [2], further containing 0 to 0.120% by mass (mass%) of Fe 2 O 3 as a colorant.

[4] CIE表示(厚み10mm換算)で、明度Y=7~25%、主波長λd=570~580nm、刺激純度Pe=60~95%である、前項[1]乃至[3]のいずれか一項に記載の黄緑色系ガラス。 [4] Any of the above items [1] to [3], which has a brightness Y = 7 to 25%, a main wavelength λd = 570 to 580 nm, and a stimulus purity Pe = 60 to 95% in CIE display (thickness 10 mm conversion). The yellow-green glass according to item 1.

[5] 0.15質量%(mass%)以上のSOを含むソーダ石灰シリカ系の黄緑色系ガラスであって、着色剤として、0.070~0.130質量%(mass%)のCrと、0.020~0.100質量%(mass%)のMnOとを含む、黄緑色系ガラス。 [5] A soda lime silica-based yellow-green glass containing SO 3 of 0.15% by mass (mass%) or more, and Cr of 0.070 to 0.130% by mass (mass%) as a colorant. A yellowish green glass containing 2 O 3 and 0.020 to 0.100 mass% (mass%) of MnO.

[6] 前項[1]乃至[5]のいずれか一項に記載の黄緑色系ガラスを成形してなる、黄緑系ガラス容器。 [6] A yellow-green glass container obtained by molding the yellow-green glass according to any one of the preceding items [1] to [5].

本発明は、酸化性ガラスに着色剤として特定量の酸化クロム及び酸化マンガンを加えることにより黄緑色を表現したガラスであるため、当該ガラスの原料にカレットを用いた場合であっても、還元性ガラスを使用したときのような泡の発生がなく、色調変動の要因になりにくい。また、酸化クロム及び酸化マンガンは、現在生産している多くの緑色ガラスに一般的に使用される原料であり、本発明のガラスは、カレットとしてリサイクルしやすいものである。したがって、ガラス容器を生産する製びん会社は安定したガラス容器を供給でき、ワインメーカーは海外から輸入するコストが削減できるなどの利点のあるガラスであると言える。 Since the present invention is a glass that expresses yellowish green color by adding a specific amount of chromium oxide and manganese oxide as colorants to the oxidizing glass, it is reducible even when cullet is used as the raw material of the glass. There is no generation of bubbles like when using glass, and it is unlikely to cause color fluctuations. Chromium oxide and manganese oxide are raw materials generally used for many green glasses currently produced, and the glass of the present invention is easily recycled as cullet. Therefore, it can be said that the bottle making company that produces the glass container can supply a stable glass container, and the wine maker can reduce the cost of importing from overseas.

図1は、本発明の実施例のガラス及び従来の還元性ガラスの透過率曲線(厚み10mm換算)である。FIG. 1 is a transmittance curve (thickness 10 mm conversion) of the glass of the embodiment of the present invention and the conventional reducing glass.

以下、本発明の実施の形態を説明するが、本発明は実施の形態に限定されるべきものではなく、本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない限り、当業者により適宜設計、変更できるものとする。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and can be appropriately designed and modified by those skilled in the art as long as it does not deviate from the gist of the present invention.

本明細書において、「~」は範囲を示すものであり、上限及び下限の数値も包含する。また、本明細書において、ガラス中の各金属酸化物の成分割合は、表記される化学式の酸化物基準換算で計算されるものとする。 In the present specification, "to" indicates a range, and includes numerical values of an upper limit and a lower limit. Further, in the present specification, the component ratio of each metal oxide in the glass shall be calculated in terms of the oxide standard of the indicated chemical formula.

[SO成分について]
本発明のガラスは、人間の視覚では黄緑色(枯葉色)に見える酸化性ソーダ石灰シリカ系ガラスである。本明細書において「酸化性」とは、ガラスが酸化状態にあることをいう。ガラス中のSO量はガラスが酸化性であるかどうかの指標となる成分であり、SO量が多い場合は酸化性側に寄っていると言うことができる。本発明の対象となるガラスは、SO成分を0.15質量%(mass%)以上含む酸化性ガラスである。
[About SO 3 component]
The glass of the present invention is an oxidizing soda lime silica-based glass that looks yellowish green (dead leaf color) to human vision. As used herein, the term "oxidizing" means that the glass is in an oxidized state. The amount of SO 3 in the glass is a component that is an index of whether or not the glass is oxidative, and when the amount of SO 3 is large, it can be said that it is closer to the oxidizing side. The glass to be the subject of the present invention is an oxidizing glass containing 0.15% by mass ( mass%) or more of the SO3 component.

本発明のガラスは、SOを0.15質量%(mass%)以上含むが、好ましくは0.18質量%(mass%)以上、より好ましくは0.20質量%(mass%)以上のSOを含む。SOの含有量が0.15質量%(mass%)以上であれば、ガラスが酸化状態であり、MnO及びCrの発色が良好となり、黄緑色系を維持できる。 The glass of the present invention contains SO 3 in an amount of 0.15% by mass (mass%) or more, preferably 0.18% by mass (mass%) or more, and more preferably 0.20% by mass (mass%) or more. 3 is included. When the SO 3 content is 0.15% by mass (mass%) or more, the glass is in an oxidized state, the colors of MnO and Cr 2O 3 are good, and the yellowish green color can be maintained.

[MnO及びCr成分について]
本発明のガラスの特徴として、着色剤として、MnO及びCrを含有する。黄緑色系を呈するような、ソーダ石灰シリカ系ガラスにするためには、MnOとCrを特定の割合で含有することが好ましい。
[About MnO and Cr 2O 3 components]
As a feature of the glass of the present invention, MnO and Cr 2O 3 are contained as colorants. In order to obtain a soda lime silica-based glass having a yellowish green color , it is preferable to contain MnO and Cr2O3 in a specific ratio.

具体的には、MnO/Crが質量比で0.25~1.00であることが好ましい。Crに対してMnOの量が1.00以下であれば茶色系になりすぎず、Crに対してMnOの量が0.25以上であれば、緑に黄色系が入ることになり、黄緑色系を呈することができる。MnO/Crはより好ましくは、0.28~0.95(質量比)であり、さらに好ましくは0.30~0.75(質量比)であり、特に好ましくは、0.31~0.60(質量比)である。 Specifically, it is preferable that MnO / Cr 2O 3 has a mass ratio of 0.25 to 1.00. If the amount of MnO with respect to Cr 2 O 3 is 1.00 or less, the color will not be too brown, and if the amount of MnO with respect to Cr 2 O 3 is 0.25 or more, the green color will be yellowish. Therefore, it can exhibit a yellowish green system. MnO / Cr 2O 3 is more preferably 0.28 to 0.95 (mass ratio), still more preferably 0.30 to 0.75 (mass ratio), and particularly preferably 0.31 to 0.31. It is 0.60 (mass ratio).

MnOとCrの合計の含有量は、0.190質量%(mass%)以下であることが好ましい。0.190質量%(mass%)以下であれば、透過率が低下しすぎることがない。MnOとCrの合計含有量は、好ましくは0.180質量%(mass%)以下であり、より好ましくは0.170質量%(mass%)以下である。 The total content of MnO and Cr 2O 3 is preferably 0.190% by mass (mass%) or less. If it is 0.190% by mass (mass%) or less, the transmittance does not decrease too much. The total content of MnO and Cr 2O 3 is preferably 0.180% by mass (mass%) or less, and more preferably 0.170% by mass (mass%) or less.

MnOは、本発明のガラス全体に対して、好ましくは0.020~0.100質量%(mass%)であり、より好ましくは0.025~0.075質量%(mass%)であり、さらに好ましくは0.027~0.060質量%(mass%)である。MnOの含有量が0.020質量%(mass%)以上、0.100質量%(mass%)以下であれば、黄緑色系を維持できる。 MnO is preferably 0.020 to 0.100% by mass (mass%), more preferably 0.025 to 0.075% by mass (mass%), and further, with respect to the entire glass of the present invention. It is preferably 0.027 to 0.060 mass% (mass%). When the MnO content is 0.020% by mass (mass%) or more and 0.100% by mass (mass%) or less, the yellowish green color can be maintained.

Crは、本発明のガラス全体に対して、好ましくは0.070~0.130質量%(mass%)であり、より好ましくは0.073~0.120質量%(mass%)であり、さらに好ましくは0.075~0.110質量%(mass%)である。Crの含有量が0.070質量%(mass%)以上であれば、λdが長波長化せず、また0.130質量%(mass%)以下であれば、λdが短波長化しすぎることがなく、所望の黄緑色系に近い色になる。 Cr 2 O 3 is preferably 0.070 to 0.130% by mass (mass%), more preferably 0.073 to 0.120% by mass (mass%), based on the entire glass of the present invention. Yes, more preferably 0.075 to 0.110% by mass (mass%). If the content of Cr 2 O 3 is 0.070 mass% (mass%) or more, the wavelength of λd is not lengthened, and if it is 0.130 mass% (mass%) or less, the wavelength of λd is shortened. The color is close to the desired yellow-green color without being too much.

[Fe成分について]
本発明のガラスは、Feを含有してもよいが、しなくてもよい。Feの含有量としては、0~0.120質量%(mass%)が好ましい(Feの含有量が0であることは、Feを含有していないことを意味する。)。また、より好ましい範囲は、0~0.115質量%(mass%)である。0.120質量%(mass%)以下であれば、MnO及びCrの発色が減少することなく、Y値を適正な値にし、所望の黄緑色系に近い色になる。
[About Fe 2 O 3 component]
The glass of the present invention may or may not contain Fe 2 O 3 . The content of Fe 2 O 3 is preferably 0 to 0.120% by mass (mass%) (the content of Fe 2 O 3 being 0 means that Fe 2 O 3 is not contained. do.). Further, a more preferable range is 0 to 0.115% by mass (mass%). When it is 0.120% by mass (mass%) or less, the Y value is set to an appropriate value without reducing the color development of MnO and Cr 2O 3 , and the color becomes close to the desired yellowish green color.

なお、Fe成分は、SiO等の原料に不純物として含まれるFe量を考慮してガラス中の含有量を計算すればよく、必要により原料に積極的に含有させてもよい。 The content of the Fe 2 O 3 component in the glass may be calculated in consideration of the amount of Fe 2 O 3 contained as an impurity in the raw material such as SiO 2 , and may be positively contained in the raw material if necessary. good.

[その他ガラス成分]
本発明の母材のガラスとなるソーダ石灰シリカ系ガラスは、NaO、CaO及びSiOを主な構成成分とするガラスであり、耐候性が良好であることから飲料や酒類、調味料用のガラス容器として汎用的に用いられるものである。本発明においては、例えばNaO、CaO及びSiOの3成分の合計が80質量%(mass%)以上としてもよい。
[Other glass components]
The soda lime silica-based glass used as the base glass of the present invention is a glass containing Na 2O , CaO and SiO 2 as main constituents, and has good weather resistance, so that it can be used for beverages, alcoholic beverages, and seasonings. It is generally used as a glass container. In the present invention, for example, the total of the three components of Na 2 O, Ca O and SiO 2 may be 80% by mass (mass%) or more.

SiOはガラス骨格を構成する成分であり、含有量は特に制限されるものではないが、通常65~80質量%(mass%)である。65質量%(mass%)以上では表面にヤケ等が発生しにくく、耐候性が良好となる。80質量%(mass%)以下であれば、溶融のための温度が高くなりすぎることがない。 SiO 2 is a component constituting the glass skeleton, and the content thereof is not particularly limited, but is usually 65 to 80% by mass (mass%). When it is 65% by mass (mass%) or more, discoloration or the like is less likely to occur on the surface, and the weather resistance is good. If it is 80% by mass (mass%) or less, the temperature for melting does not become too high.

NaOはガラスの溶融性を高めるものである。含有量は特に限定されるものではないが、通常、10~18質量%(mass%)含である。10質量%(mass%)以上であれば、溶融性が高まり、失透も生じにくくなる。18質量%(mass%)以下であれば、良好な耐候性を有し、表面にヤケ等が発生しにくくなる。 Na 2 O enhances the meltability of glass. The content is not particularly limited, but usually contains 10 to 18% by mass (mass%). When it is 10% by mass (mass%) or more, the meltability is increased and devitrification is less likely to occur. When it is 18% by mass (mass%) or less, it has good weather resistance and is less likely to be burnt on the surface.

CaOは溶融温度を下げることができ、耐水性を向上させることができる成分である。含有量は特に制限されるものではないが、通常5~20重量%である。含有量が5質量%(mass%)以上であれば、良好な溶融性を有することができ、20質量%(mass%)以下であれば失透しにくくなる。 CaO is a component that can lower the melting temperature and improve the water resistance. The content is not particularly limited, but is usually 5 to 20% by weight. If the content is 5% by mass (mass%) or more, good meltability can be obtained, and if it is 20% by mass (mass%) or less, devitrification is less likely to occur.

本発明のガラスには、LiO、KO、RuO等の第1族元素の酸化物、MgO、SrO、BaO等の第2族元素の酸化物、その他、Al、ZnO、B、ZrO、TiO、Sb等の金属酸化物を含有することができる。 The glass of the present invention includes oxides of Group 1 elements such as Li 2 O, K 2 O and Ru 2 O, oxides of Group 2 elements such as MgO, SrO and BaO, and Al 2 O 3 ; It can contain metal oxides such as ZnO , B2O3 , ZrO2 , TiO2 and Sb2O3 .

本発明のガラスは、CIE表示(厚み10mm換算)で、好ましくは、明度Y=7~25%、主波長λd=570~580nm、刺激純度Pe=60~95%である。本発明のソーダ石灰シリカ系ガラスがこれらの条件を満たすことにより、還元性の黄緑色系ガラスに近いガラスの色になる。 The glass of the present invention has a CIE display (thickness 10 mm conversion), preferably a brightness Y = 7 to 25%, a main wavelength λd = 570 to 580 nm, and a stimulus purity Pe = 60 to 95%. When the soda lime silica-based glass of the present invention satisfies these conditions, the color of the glass is close to that of the reducing yellow-green glass.

[製造方法]
本発明のガラスは、通常のガラスの製造方法で製造することができる。すなわち、所定の組成になるように、粉体のガラス原料を混合・溶融し、冷却することにより、製造することができる。なお、冷却は、ひずみによりガラスが割れてしまうため、徐冷することが好ましい。
[Production method]
The glass of the present invention can be manufactured by a usual glass manufacturing method. That is, it can be produced by mixing and melting powdered glass raw materials and cooling them so as to have a predetermined composition. It is preferable to cool the glass slowly because the glass breaks due to strain.

粉体のガラス材料を混合するだけでなく、組成が既知であるガラス状態の材料であるカレットを溶融しながら、足りない成分を追加投入し、本発明の組成のガラスを製造することもできる。 In addition to mixing powdered glass materials, it is also possible to produce a glass having the composition of the present invention by adding additional components while melting cullet, which is a glass-like material having a known composition.

また、本発明のガラスは連続製造することができ、例えば、押し出し式の連続色替窯を用いて製造することができる。押し出し式の連続色替窯の製造においては、本発明の酸化性ガラスは、還元性の黄緑色系ガラスに比べると、CrやMnOを含む緑系の色ガラス又は黒系の色ガラスからの色替が容易で、色替時のエネルギーロスの削減及び色替完了直後の品質向上にもつながる。 Further, the glass of the present invention can be continuously manufactured, for example, it can be manufactured by using an extrusion type continuous color changing kiln. In the production of an extruded continuous color change kiln, the oxidizing glass of the present invention is a green colored glass containing Cr 2 O 3 or MnO or a black colored glass as compared with the reducing yellow-green glass. It is easy to change the color from the beginning, which leads to reduction of energy loss at the time of color change and improvement of quality immediately after the completion of color change.

溶融温度は、特に限定されるものではないが、通常1100℃~1550℃であり、使用済みのガラスのカレットを材料の一部として用いると溶融温度を下げることができるため、好ましい。 The melting temperature is not particularly limited, but is usually 1100 ° C to 1550 ° C, and it is preferable to use a used glass cullet as a part of the material because the melting temperature can be lowered.

びん形状のガラスにするためには、溶融状態の本発明のガラスを用いて、種々のびんの成形方法により製造することができる。 In order to obtain a bottle-shaped glass, the glass of the present invention in a molten state can be used and manufactured by various bottle molding methods.

表1に示す調合比の原料を、雰囲気温度を1400℃に設定した電気炉で溶融し、表2に示す組成の黄緑色系ガラス(実施例1乃至実施例7)を得た。このガラスの透過率曲線(厚さ10mm換算)を図1に示す。図1には、従来から日本国内で用いられている黄緑色系還元性ガラスの透過率曲線も併せて表示する。 The raw materials having the blending ratios shown in Table 1 were melted in an electric furnace in which the atmospheric temperature was set to 1400 ° C. to obtain yellowish green glass (Examples 1 to 7) having the composition shown in Table 2. The transmittance curve (converted to a thickness of 10 mm) of this glass is shown in FIG. FIG. 1 also shows the transmittance curve of the yellow-green reducing glass conventionally used in Japan.

Figure 0007060969000001
Figure 0007060969000001

Figure 0007060969000002
Figure 0007060969000002

Claims (4)

0.15質量%(mass%)以上のSOを含むソーダ石灰シリカ系の黄緑色系ガラスであって、着色剤として、CrとMnOとを含み、MnO/Crが質量比で0.25~1.00であり、
Cr とMnOとの合計割合がガラス全体に対して0.190質量%以下であり、
着色剤として、0~0.115質量%(mass%)のFe をさらに含む、酸化性であることを特徴とする黄緑色系ガラス。
A soda lime silica-based yellow-green glass containing 0.15% by mass (mass%) or more of SO 3 , which contains Cr 2 O 3 and Mn O as colorants, and MnO / Cr 2 O 3 by mass. The ratio is 0.25 to 1.00,
The total ratio of Cr 2 O 3 and Mn O is 0.190% by mass or less with respect to the entire glass.
A yellow-green glass characterized by being oxidizing , further containing 0 to 0.115% by mass (mass%) of Fe 2 O 3 as a colorant .
CIE表示(厚み10mm換算)で、明度Y=7~25%、主波長λd=570~580nm、刺激純度Pe=60~95%である、請求項1に記載の黄緑色系ガラス。The yellow-green glass according to claim 1, wherein the brightness Y = 7 to 25%, the main wavelength λd = 570 to 580 nm, and the stimulus purity Pe = 60 to 95% in CIE display (thickness 10 mm conversion). 0.15質量%(mass%)以上のSO を含むソーダ石灰シリカ系の黄緑色系ガラスであって、着色剤として、0.070~0.130質量%(mass%)のCr と、0.020~0.100質量%(mass%)のMnOとを含み、
着色剤として、0~0.115質量%(mass%)のFe をさらに含む、黄緑色系ガラス。
A soda lime silica-based yellow-green glass containing 0.15% by mass (mass%) or more of SO 3 , and as a colorant, 0.070 to 0.130% by mass (mass%) Cr 2 O 3 And MnO of 0.020 to 0.100% by mass (mass%).
A yellowish green glass further containing 0 to 0.115% by mass (mass%) of Fe 2 O 3 as a colorant .
請求項1乃至3のいずれか一項に記載の黄緑色系ガラスを成形してなる、黄緑系ガラス容器。A yellow-green glass container obtained by molding the yellow-green glass according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
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「ガラス組成データブック 1991」,日本,社団法人 日本硝子製品工業会,1991年03月25日,第24ページ

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