JP7045059B2 - Weight booster for low-calorie foods - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a bulking material for low-calorie foods, which comprises D-sorbose and is difficult to absorb moisture.

Materials that exhibit a taste in a small amount, such as high-sweetness sweeteners, are generally used in combination with other materials (bulking materials) because the amount used is very small. Dextrin is often used as the bulking material (for example, Patent Document 1).

However, dextrin is 4 kcal / g except for indigestible dextrin, and when it is used for a low-calorie food as a bulking material, the calorie value of the food increases and the purpose of low calorie cannot be achieved. In addition, although dextrin has different solubility depending on the degree of decomposition, it also has a drawback that it is difficult to dissolve as compared with monosaccharides and salts which are single molecules.

Therefore, it is conceivable to use the monosaccharide D-allulose (D-psicose), which is known to have a calorie value of zero, as a bulking material for low-calorie foods (Patent Document 2). However, although D-allulose is easily dissolved in water, it has a high hygroscopicity and has a drawback that it solidifies when used as a bulking material.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 05-176717 WO2008 / 059623

An object to be solved by the present invention is to provide a bulking material for low-calorie foods, which has excellent solubility and is hard to absorb moisture, and has a calorie value of zero.

Therefore, the present inventors have made various studies to solve such a problem, and surprisingly, D-sorbose, which is one of the monosaccharides having excellent solubility, is not metabolized by humans and has a calorie value of zero. We found that we could solve the above problems.

That is, the present invention has been completed based on the above, and is composed of the following.
[1] A bulking material for low-calorie foods, consisting of D-sorbose.
[2] The bulking material according to claim 1, wherein the calorie value is zero.
[3] A food containing the bulking material according to claim 1 or 2.

By using D-sorbose as an increasing material with zero calorie value and combining it with other materials, it can be advantageously used for adjusting the taste and physical properties of foods.

The area value under the curve (ΔAUC, ppm / 14 hours) of the amount of change in hydrogen gas concentration from ingestion of 10 g / 200 ml fructooligosaccharide or D-sorbose beverage to 14 hours is shown (* mark has a significant difference). Show that). From left to right, 5 tablets each of D-fructose, D-psicose, D-mannose, and D-sorbose were stored for 18 hours in a constant temperature and humidity chamber at 37 ° C and 80% relative humidity.

In the present invention, "low-calorie food" means food having a lower energy value (kcal) of ordinary foods listed in the Standard Tables of Food Composition in Japan (7th revision), or "calorie-off" or "low-calorie" in the product label. , "Sugar off", "sugar cut", "sugar zero", "sugar cut", etc., which have a description that encourages consumers to recognize that the calorie value is lower than that of ordinary foods.

In general, the "bulking material" is an auxiliary material for uniformly dispersing a material (for example, amino acids, vitamins, high-sweetness sweeteners, etc.) that is used in a small amount in foods in a powder or liquid. It refers to foods that can give foods a taste and structure other than the five flavors, such as "richness" and "thickness", without being combined with such ingredients. The form must be solid, but it does not matter whether it is powdery or granular.

The food form to which the bulking agent of the present invention is suitable is not limited, but the bulking agent of the present invention has a characteristic crystal shape (four to hexahedral short crystals) and D-fructose. Compared with other ketoses such as (4 kcal / g), D-allulose (0 kcal / g), and D-tagatos (2 kcal / g), they are characterized by low solubility in water, so these characteristics can be significantly utilized. Suitable for food forms such as tabletop sweeteners, mixed powders, tablets (tablet tablets), gums, chocolates and other solid foods.

In the present invention, "zero calorie value" means that the calorie value is less than 1 in the human metabolism test.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited to these Examples.

<Evaluation of absorption and fermentation utilization when ingesting D-sorbose in humans>
(Test substance)
D-sorbose (manufactured by Rare Sugar Production Technology Laboratory Co., Ltd., purity 96.3%) was used as a test sample for measuring the exhaled hydrogen gas and the urinary excretion rate.
In the exhaled hydrogen gas measurement, as a comparative control, fructooligosaccharide (manufactured by Meiji Food Materia Co., Ltd., "Meioligo P (powder)" with a purity of 95% that reaches the large intestine without being digested and absorbed in the small intestine and is completely fermented in the large intestine. ) Was used, and the blank (empty sample) was ingested only with water. As the test sample and fructooligosaccharide, 10 g of each as a solid content was adjusted to 200 ml with water and used.
In the measurement of carbohydrate metabolism, glucose (“special grade” manufactured by Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd.), which is rapidly absorbed and metabolized in the small intestine, was used as a comparative control, and the blank (empty sample) was taken only with water. As the test sample and glucose, 15 g of each as a solid content was adjusted to 200 ml with water and used.

(subject)
The test was conducted in accordance with the spirit of the "Declaration of Helsinki" (approved in 1964, added in 2013) and in accordance with the "Ethical Guidelines for Clinical Research" (Notification of the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, enforced on April 1, 2009). The subjects were 12 healthy adult males and females of publicly recruited volunteers who did not have gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases. However, one person stopped the test due to personal reasons, so the test was excluded from the analysis target and the remaining 11 people were included in the analysis target.

(Collection of exhaled hydrogen gas and urine)
Random crossovers of the above-mentioned test beverages containing the test substance (D-sorbose), the comparative control substance (fructooligosaccharide), and the empty beverage (water) were given to the subjects with a rest period of one week or longer. It was ingested at. The day before the test, alcohol intake was prohibited, and after eating the designated supper (A) by 21:00, eating and drinking other than water and tea beverages was prohibited. Dinner (A) is a menu that contains almost no substances that intestinal bacteria may use for fermentation, such as dietary fiber, lactic acid bacteria, and fermentable sugar (curry, oyakodon, beef bowl, Chinese bowl, etc.) I was allowed to choose from and provided.
On the day of the test, the participants participated in the test without having breakfast, confirmed that there was no problem with their physical condition, collected fasting breath in a collection bag at 9 o'clock, and then ingested the test substance. Exhaled breath was collected every hour until 14 hours after ingestion of the test substance, and in parallel with this, urine was collected up to 48 hours later. Until 14 hours after the end of breath collection, only designated lunch, supper (B), and water were ingested.
For lunch, eat foods that do not produce hydrogen gas at 12:00, that is, tuna flakes (1 can), boiled eggs (1), and baby cheese (2), and have dinner (B) (gyudon) after 19:00. , Oyakodon, Chinese bowl, etc.) Eating and drinking from the time when the last exhaled breath (14 hours later) was collected until the end of urine collection was the same as usual.
During the test (48 hours until the end of urine collection), people were instructed to eat foods and beverages that did not contain the test substance and to avoid overdrinking.
For urine collection, urinate before ingesting the test substance, and collect urine up to 48 hours after ingestion of the test substance in a container (“Urinmate P” manufactured by Sumitomo Bakelite Co., Ltd.) for (1) 0 to 3 hours, (1) The collection was divided into 2) 3 to 7 hours, (3) 7 to 24 hours, and (4) 24 to 48 hours. As for the amount of urine collected, the total amount was taken in (1) and (2), and 1/50 amount was taken for each urine collected in (3) and (4) and stored.

(Measurement of carbohydrate metabolism)
Subjects were allowed to randomly ingest each test beverage at a crossover with a rest period of one week or longer. The day before the test, alcohol intake was prohibited, the designated supper (A) was ingested by 21:00, and eating and drinking other than water or tea beverages was prohibited after that. On the day of the test, participants participated in the test without eating breakfast, confirmed that there was no problem with their physical condition, and measured their breath with the Aero Monitor AE-310S (manufactured by Minato Medical Science Co., Ltd.) on an empty stomach at 9 o'clock. , The test drink was ingested. Breath measurement was performed every 30 minutes until 3 hours after ingestion of the test drink. For exhaled gas measurement, the subject was made to wear a mask and breathed quietly for 6 minutes while sitting on a chair, and O ₂ consumption (VO ₂ ; L / min) and CO 2 excretion during exhalation (VO 2; L / min) and CO ₂ excretion (VO 2; VCO ₂ ; L / min) was measured. In addition, urination was performed before ingestion of the test drink, and 1/50 of the urine concentrated in exhaled breath was collected in a container (Urinmate P) for each urine collection and stored.

(Calculation of large intestine fermentation rate)
The breath hydrogen gas concentration was measured using a breath hydrogen / methane analyzer BGA-1000D (manufactured by Breath Biochemical Nutrition and Metabolism Laboratory Co., Ltd.). The area under the curve (ΔAUC) was obtained from the amount of change in the hydrogen gas concentration of each test substance corrected for the value at the time of ingesting blank water, and the colon fermentation rate was calculated with ΔAUC at the time of ingesting fructooligosaccharide as 100%.

(Calculation of urinary excretion rate)
The test substance in urine is desalted with an ion exchange resin (Amberlite IRA-67 and Amberlite 200CT mixed 1: 1), concentrated to 20 mL, and filtered (pore size 0.20 μm). The filtered solution was used as a test solution, and measurement was performed using high performance liquid chromatography (hereinafter referred to as "HPLC"). As the internal standard substance, 0.4% sucrose (manufactured by Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd.) was used. The operating conditions for HPLC are: column: MCI GEL CK08EC (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation), detector: differential refractometer, column temperature: 80 ° C., flow velocity: 0.4 mL / min, injection volume: 10 μL, mobile phase: for HPLC. Distilled water was used. The ratio per intake was calculated from the urinary excretion amount obtained by HPLC measurement, and used as the urinary excretion rate.

(Calculation of carbohydrate metabolism)
The O ₂ consumption and CO ₂ excretion were calculated by averaging the values of 4 to 6 minutes (3 minutes) in the breath measurement for 6 minutes. The collected urine was measured by SUMGRAPH NC-220F (Sumika Chemical Analysis Service Co., Ltd.) corresponding to the improved Dumas method, and the urinary nitrogen excretion amount (Nu: g / min) was determined. From each measured value, the amount of carbohydrate metabolism per body weight (BW; kg) was calculated using the energy calculation formula of Elwin (CEE: kcal / min). The calculation formula is shown below.

(Statistical analysis)
The results obtained from the above are shown by mean ± standard deviation. For the significance test, one-way ANOVA and multiple comparison with control beverages (Dunnett) were performed, and the risk rate of less than 5% was considered significant in the two-sided test. Statistical analysis software is available in SPSS ver. 13.0J was used.

(Evaluation of fermentation decomposition rate by breath hydrogen gas measurement)
The exhaled hydrogen gas concentration at the time of ingestion of fructooligosaccharide increased up to 5 hours after ingestion, and then gradually decreased. The exhaled hydrogen gas concentration after ingestion of D-sorbose showed almost no change as compared with that before ingestion of the test substance, but increased slightly after 7 hours. The exhaled hydrogen gas concentration after ingestion of the blank water was almost the same as that before ingestion, and a slight increase was observed after 8 hours. The ΔAUC determined from the amount of change in hydrogen gas concentration was 243 ppm / 14 hr when fructooligosaccharide was ingested and 58 ppm / 14 hr when D-sorbose was ingested (FIG. 1). When ΔAUC at the time of ingestion of fructooligosaccharide was 100%, the colon fermentation rate of D-sorbose was 23.9%.

(Evaluation of excretion rate in urine)
The urinary excretion rate of D-sorbose for 48 hours was 24.9%.

(Evaluation of carbohydrate metabolism (CEE))
As a control, CEE at the time of glucose intake was significantly increased up to 1 hour after the intake as compared with the time of water intake. The CEE after ingestion of D-sorbose did not show any difference as compared with the ingestion of water, although there was a slight increase or decrease.

(Discussion)
The fermentative decomposition rate of D-sorbose was 24%, the urinary excretion rate was 25%, and it was not used as energy in the measurement of carbohydrate metabolism. From this, it was estimated that the remaining 51% of D-sorbose escaped absorption in the small intestine and was excreted in the feces without being fermented in the large intestine. The pharmacokinetics of D-sorbose, which is abundant in nature, has not been reported in studies using rats so far.
The energy value of sorbose is set to 2 in the food labeling standard, which is the energy value of L-sorbose that has been used as a food additive or a sweetener. This is because it has been reported that L-sorbose is difficult to be fermented by human gut bacteria (Satoshi Matsuda et al. "Effects of L-sorbose on human gut flora and short-chain fatty acid production" Bifizus 5 : 41-49 (1991)).
Therefore, these results suggest that sorbose has different pharmacokinetics depending on the configuration of the C-5-position hydroxyl group.

Regarding the energy evaluation method, the Japan Dietary Fiber Society has (1) 4 kcal / g for those that are digested and absorbed and metabolized, and (2) 0 kcal / g for those that are digested and absorbed and excreted in the urine without being metabolized. ) Those with clear fermentability are said to multiply the fermentation rate by 2 kcal / g (Tsuneyuki Oku et al., "Report on Energy Evaluation Results of Luminacoid Materials," Journal of the Dietary Fiber Society of Japan, 15: 70-77 (2011)). Therefore, using this calculation method, an attempt was made to estimate the energy value of D-sorbose based on the results obtained in this test (Table 1), and the result was 2 kcal / g × 0.24 = 0.48 kcal / g. Estimated.

As a result of evaluating D-mannose and D-allose in the same manner as D-sorbose, the fermentative decomposition rate of D-mannose was 93% and the urinary excretion rate was 0%. The fermentative decomposition rate of D-allose was 6% and the urinary excretion rate was 67%, and since it was not used as energy from the measurement of carbohydrate metabolism, it is estimated that the remaining 27% of D-allose was excreted in the stool. rice field. From this, the energy values were estimated to be D-mannose 2 kcal / g × 0.93 + 4 kcal / g × 0.7 = 2.14 kcal / g and D-allose 2 kcal / g × 0.06 = 0.12 kcal / g. ..

(Tablet)
Tablets containing D-sorbose, D-fructose, D-psicose and D-mannose as main components were prepared and hygroscopic tests were performed.
First, each of the above sugars was pulverized with a cooking mixer, and then each sugar sample was obtained through a sieve of 100 mesh (opening 150 μm). Next, 3 g of sucrose fatty acid ester (Ryoto Sugar Ester S-570, manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Foods Co., Ltd.) was mixed with 97 g of each sugar sample, and 2.0 g of the mixture was used with a hand press SSP-10A (Shimadzu Corporation). By tableting at 55 kN, 10 tablets having a diameter of 20 mm were obtained. Five of them (three and two in two three-volume containers) were dried under reduced pressure at 70 ° C. overnight, and then set to a constant temperature and humidity chamber at 37 ° C. and a relative humidity of 80%. The tablet was allowed to stand in SH-242 (manufactured by ESPEC CORPORATION) for 18 hours, and the hygroscopicity of the tablet was evaluated visually (FIG. 2) and the value calculated by the following formula (weight increase rate (%), Table 2).

As shown in the photograph of FIG. 2, all five tablets of D-fructose, D-psicose, and D-mannose were deliquescent after 18 hours. On the other hand, all five D-sorbose tablets showed no change in appearance.
Further, as shown in Table 2, the calculated value of the weight increase rate (%) was the lowest in the tablet containing D-sorbose as a main component.
From the above, since the bulking material made of D-sorbose of the present invention is 0 kcal / g, it can be said that it is suitable as a bulking material for low calories that does not easily absorb moisture.

Claims (3)

A solid bulking material for low-calorie tableted foods consisting of D-sorbose. The solid extender according to claim 1, which has a calorie value of zero. A lockable food product comprising the solid bulking material according to claim 1 or 2.

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