JP7030824B2 - Optical neural component using waveguide architecture - Google Patents

Description

The present invention generally relates to waveguide architectures for photonic neural components, and more particularly to, for example, waveguide architectures for optical neural components of neural networks.

Non-traditional neuromorphic computing architectures such as neural networks and reservoir computing are promising in terms of performance, but traditional electronic approaches that connect neurons to each other. Faces some limitations. For example, the IBM TrueNorth (R) system operates at processing speeds within the kHz range due to the need for time division multiplexing. Recently, excitable optoelectronic devices have raised interest as a way to potentially remove this speed limit. (For example, AN, Tait et al., "Broadcast and Weight: An Integrated Network For scalable Photonic Spike Processing," J. Light. Tech. 32, 3427, 2014, MA Nahmias et al., "An integrated analog O / E" / O link for multi-channel laser neurons, "Appl. Phys. Lett. 108, 151106 (2016), and K. Vandoorne et al.," Experimental demonstration of reservoir computing on a silicon photonics chip, "Nature Communication 5, 3541 , 2014.) However, such attempts have been limited by very high power consumption and light loss. On the other hand, it has recently become possible to manufacture waveguide crossed structures with very low losses. (See, for example, N. Bamiedakis et al., "Low Loss and Low Crosstalk Multimode Polymer Waveguide Crossings for High-Speed Optical Interconnects," 2007 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO), CMG1.)

U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2013/01/01256, "Design for reducing loss at intersection in optical waveguides"

A.N., Tait et al., "Broadcast and Weight: An Integrated Network For scalable Photonic Spike Processing," J. Light. Tech. 32, 3427, 2014 M.A. Nahmias et al., "An integrated analog O / E / O link for multi-channel laser neurons," Appl. Phys.Lett. 108, 151106 (2016) K. Vandoorne et al., "Experimental demonstration of reservoir computing on a silicon photonics chip," Nature Communication 5, 3541, 2014 N. Bamiedakis et al., "Low Loss and Low Crosstalk Multimode Polymer Waveguide Crossings for High-Speed Optical Interconnects," 2007 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO), CMG1

The present invention provides an optical neural component using a waveguide architecture.

According to the present invention, the optical neural component is a guide of one of a plurality of optical transmitters, a plurality of optical receivers, a plurality of internode waveguides formed on a substrate, and an intersecting waveguide. Multiple transmissions formed on the substrate such that the core of the waveguide passes through the core or cladding of the other waveguide and at least one of the transmitting waveguides intersects at least one of the internode waveguides. An optical signal that is optically connected to an optical transmitter among a plurality of optical transmitters and that receives an optical signal emitted from the optical transmitter. Is configured to be transmitted to the internode waveguide of multiple internode waveguides, the transmit waveguide and the internode conduction of multiple internode waveguides to provide a reflected optical signal. Multiple mirrors formed on the substrate and the core of one of the intersecting waveguides is the core or cladding of the other waveguide in order for each to partially reflect the optical signal propagating on the waveguide. A plurality of receiving waveguides formed on the substrate such that at least one of the receiving waveguides intersects with at least one of the internode waveguides, each of which is a plurality of receiving waveguides. Optically connected to the optical receiver of the optical receivers and transmitted to the optical receiver to receive the reflected optical signal provided by the mirrors of the plurality of mirrors and to receive the reflected optical signal. By a receiving waveguide in which the reflected optical signal receives the reflected optical signal to the received waveguide and the reflected optical signal provided by the mirror of the plurality of mirrors. Includes a plurality of filters formed on the substrate, each configured to apply weights prior to being transmitted to the optical receiver. Optical neural components can support design flexibility while removing the speed limits of traditional electronic approaches.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of optical transmitters may include two or more optical transmitters that emit optical signals at the same wavelength, and a plurality of internode waveguides may include two or more optical transmissions. Each machine may include a dedicated internode waveguide. The plurality of filters may include a neutral density filter. Optical neural components can support the design of simple structures without the need for wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) of optical signals over internode waveguides.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the optical neural component may further include a plurality of conjugates formed on the substrate, where each combiner is a receiving waveguide out of a plurality of receiving waveguides. It is configured to optically add the input optical signal to the optical signal propagating above. The optical signal propagating on each waveguide of the receiving waveguide is received through the combiner of the plurality of couplers while the received waveguide is transmitted to the connected optical receiver. It may be optically added to an optical signal propagating on another of the waveguides, the optical addition being performed after the weights have been applied by the optical filters of the plurality of optical filters. The plurality of couplers may include a coupler having a Y-shaped waveguide structure connected to the first receiving waveguide of the plurality of waveguides by a first inlet arm and an outlet arm. Is on the first receiving waveguide where the input signal enters the second inlet arm of the Y-shaped waveguide and the second inlet arm meets the first inlet arm of the Y-shaped waveguide structure. As an input signal, the optical signal propagating on the second receiving waveguide among the plurality of receiving waveguides is configured to be received so as to be added to the propagating optical signal. Optical neural components may support weighted addition or fan-in of optical signals on the receiving waveguide, reducing the number of optical receivers required.

According to embodiments of the invention, the plurality of filters may include interchangeable filters that may be interchanged to change the weights applied. The optical neural component may support tuning a neural network with the optical neural component.

According to embodiments of the invention, the plurality of filters may include variable filters whose transparency can be varied to change the weights applied. The optical neural component may support tuning a neural network with the optical neural component.

According to embodiments of the invention, the optical neural component may further include a plurality of semiconductor chips mounted on the substrate, each of which is at least one of an optical transmitter or an optical receiver. Includes at least one of the machines. Optical neural components may further support design flexibility.

According to embodiments of the present invention, the plurality of semiconductor chips may include an optical transmitter chip and an optical receiver chip, each of which comprises one or more of the optical transmitters. Each of the optical receiver chips comprises one or more of the optical receivers, and the optical transmitter chip is such that one or more optical transmitters emit an optical signal at a first wavelength. One optical transmitter chip and a second optical transmitter chip in which one or more optical transmitters emit an optical signal at a second wavelength may be included. Each of the optical transmitter chips may contain the same number of optical transmitters, each of the optical receiver chips may contain the same number of optical receivers, and the light contained in each of the optical transmitter chips. The number of transmitters may be the same as the number of optical receivers contained in each of the optical receiver chips, and of the internode waveguide connected to each of the optical transmitter chips via the transmitting waveguide. The number may be the same as the number of optical transmitters contained in each of the optical transmitter chips and the number of optical receivers contained in each of the optical receiver chips. Optical neural components can support the design of simple structures without the need for wavelength division multiplexing of optical signals over node-to-node waveguides or complex spectral filters.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, each semiconductor chip may have at least one optical transmitter contained in the chip or at least one optical receiver contained in the chip arranged so as to face a substrate. It is possible and the transmitting waveguide can be connected to the optical transmitter via an inlet mirror arranged to direct light from a direction perpendicular to the substrate in a direction parallel to the substrate. The receiving waveguide may be connected to the optical receiver via an exit mirror arranged so as to direct light from a direction parallel to the substrate in a direction perpendicular to the substrate. Optical neural components may further support design flexibility by supporting the use of waveguides formed on the substrate.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the optical neural component further includes a plurality of intra-node signal lines, and each intra-node signal line is an optical receiver among a plurality of optical receivers and a plurality of optical transmitters. It is connected to the optical transmitter of the radio and is configured to receive an electrical signal representing the power of the optical signal received by the optical receiver and to transmit the electrical signal to the optical transmitter, resulting in a neuron. Connect the optical receiver and transmitter to form the inputs and outputs. For each of the optical receivers connected to the optical transmitter via the signal line within the node, the plurality of mirrors are such that the reflected optical signal is transmitted to the optical receiver and the wavelength of the optical signal emitted by the optical transmitter. Includes a mirror with a reflection coefficient of substantially 0 with respect to. The optical neural component may support the functionality of the optical neural component as a neural network or as part of the neural network.

According to embodiments of the invention, the internode waveguides, transmit waveguides, and receive waveguides may be polymerized in a single layer of substrate. Optical neural components can support design flexibility while reducing optical loss.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, in a plurality of optical transmitters, one of the optical transmitters of the differential pair emits a variable optical signal, while the other of the optical transmitters of the differential pair is the reference. Divided into differential pairs that emit optical signals. The optical neural component may further include a plurality of semiconductor chips mounted on the substrate, each of which comprises one or more of a differential pair. Each of the semiconductor chips may contain two or more of the differential pairs. The optical neural component may support the functionality of the optical neural component as a neural network or as part of the neural network.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the plurality of internode waveguides comprises a first ring having two or more of the internode waveguides arranged as concentric loops, the plurality of optical transmitters. It may include a first inner optical transmitter group having two or more of the optical transmitters placed inside the first ring, and the plurality of optical receivers may be placed inside the first ring. It may include a first inner optical receiver group having two or more of the received optical receivers. The optical neural component may support the input / output capabilities and extensibility of the optical neural component as a neural network or as part of the neural network.

According to embodiments of the invention, the plurality of mirrors may include a first mirror group, where each mirror of the first mirror group is a node of the first ring to provide a reflected optical signal. Arranged to partially reflect the optical signal propagating on the interwaveguide, the optical neural component is such that the core of one of the intersecting waveguides passes through the core or cladding of the other waveguide. Further, a plurality of first output waveguides formed on the substrate such that at least one of the first output waveguides intersects with at least one of the internode waveguides of the first ring. Each first output waveguide is connected to the outside of the first ring and is reflected so as to receive the reflected optical signal provided by the mirror in the first mirror group. It is configured to transmit the optical signal to the outside of the first ring. The optical neural component may further include a first output filter formed on the substrate, the first output filter being reflected by the reflected optical signal produced by the mirror of the plurality of mirrors. The optical signal is configured to apply weights before being transmitted outside the first ring by a first output waveguide that receives the reflected optical signal. The plurality of optical receivers may include a first outer optical receiver having two or more of the optical receivers located outside the first ring, the light of the first outer optical receiver group. Each of the receivers is connected to the first output waveguide of the plurality of first output waveguides and is configured to receive the reflected optical signal transmitted by the first output waveguide. To. The plurality of internode waveguides may include a second ring having two or more of the internode waveguides arranged as concentric loops, with the plurality of optical transmitters inside the second ring. A second inner optical transmitter group having two or more of the placed optical transmitters and a second outer light having two or more of the optical transmitters placed outside the second ring. A transmitter group may be included, and the plurality of optical receivers may include a second optical receiver group having two or more of the optical receivers placed inside the second ring. In the neural component, the core of one of the intersecting waveguides passes through the core or cladding of the other waveguide, and at least one of the second input waveguides is a node of the second ring. It may further include a plurality of second input waveguides formed on the substrate to intersect at least one of the interwaves, each second input waveguide being a second outer optical transmitter group. Optically connected to the optical transmitter and to receive the optical signal emitted from the optical transmitter, and to transmit the received optical signal to the internode waveguide of the second ring. A plurality of intra-node signal lines configured may include a plurality of inter-ring node intra-node signal lines, each inter-ring node intra-node signal line being an optical receiver within a first outer optical receiver group, and a first. To receive an electrical signal that is connected to an optical transmitter in the outer optical transmitter group of 2 and represents the power of the optical signal received by the optical receiver, and to transmit the electrical signal to the optical transmitter. As a result, the optical receiver and optical transmitter are connected to form the input and output of the neuron. The optical neural component may support the input / output capabilities and extensibility of the optical neural component as a neural network or as part of the neural network.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the optical neural component is such that the core of one of the intersecting waveguides passes through the core or cladding of the other waveguide and is of the first input waveguide. It may further include a plurality of first input waveguides formed on the substrate such that at least one of the first rings intersects at least one of the internode waveguides of the first ring, each first input waveguide. Is connected to the outside of the first ring and is configured to receive optical signals from outside the first ring and to transmit the received optical signals to the internode waveguides of the first ring. Will be done. The plurality of optical transmitters may include a first outer optical transmitter group having two or more of the optical transmitters placed outside the first ring, of the first outer optical transmitter group. Each of the first optical transmitters is optically connected to the first input waveguide of the plurality of first input waveguides and emits an optical signal to be transmitted by the first input waveguide. It is configured as follows. The plurality of internode waveguides may include a second ring having two or more of the internode waveguides arranged as concentric loops, with the plurality of optical transmitters inside the second ring. A second inner optical transmitter group having two or more of the placed optical transmitters may be included, and the plurality of optical receivers may be among the optical receivers placed inside the second ring. It may include a second inner optical receiver group having two or more and a second outer optical receiver group having two or more of the optical receivers located outside the second ring. The plurality of mirrors may include a second mirror group, and each mirror in the second mirror group is an optical signal propagating on the internode waveguide of the second ring to provide a reflected optical signal. The optical neural component is configured so that the core of one of the intersecting waveguides passes through the core or clad of the other waveguide and the second output waveguide. It may further include a plurality of second output waveguides formed on the substrate such that at least one of them intersects at least one of the internode waveguides of the second ring, each second output. The waveguide is optically connected to the optical receiver in the second outer optical receiver group and receives the reflected optical signal provided by the mirror in the second mirror group. And configured to transmit the reflected optical signal to the optical receiver, the plurality of intranode signal lines may include a plurality of interring node intranode signal lines, and each interring node intranode signal line may be the first. Receives an electrical signal that represents the power of the optical signal connected to the optical receiver in the outer optical receiver group and the optical receiver in the second outer optical receiver group and received by the optical receiver. And is configured to transmit electrical signals to the optical transmitter, thus connecting the optical receiver and the optical transmitter to form the inputs and outputs of the neuron. The optical neural component may support the input / output capabilities and extensibility of the optical neural component as a neural network or as part of the neural network.

The aforementioned and other features and advantages of the present invention will be more apparent from the later description of embodiments, which will be understood in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 6 is an exemplary schematic showing a waveguide architecture for an optical neural component 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is an exemplary schematic diagram showing the region of the waveguide architecture shown in FIG. It is an exemplary schematic diagram showing the waveguide architecture shown in FIG. 1, including the reflectance coefficients of the mirror. It is an exemplary schematic diagram showing the waveguide architecture shown in FIG. 1, including the reflectance coefficients of the mirror. It is an exemplary schematic diagram showing the waveguide architecture shown in FIG. 1, including the reflectance coefficients of the mirror. It is an exemplary schematic diagram showing the waveguide architecture shown in FIG. 1, including the reflectance coefficients of the mirror. It is an exemplary schematic showing the area of the waveguide architecture shown in FIG. 2, including the arbitrary weighting of the filter. It is an exemplary schematic side view showing a part of a substrate on which a transmitter chip and a waveguide to be transmitted are formed. It is an exemplary schematic side view showing a part of a substrate on which a receiver chip and a receiving waveguide are formed. It is an exemplary schematic diagram showing a waveguide architecture for an optical neural component according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is an exemplary schematic diagram showing a waveguide architecture for an optical neural component according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described. Embodiments shall not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention as defined by the claims. The combination of features described in the embodiments is not necessarily essential to the present invention.

FIG. 1 shows an exemplary schematic of a waveguide architecture for an optical neural component 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Using the waveguide architecture shown in FIG. 1, the optical neural component 100 is subjected to low loss optical signal transmission over a waveguide formed to intersect each other on a substrate, eg, a printed circuit board. Can support optical spike computing. Thus, the disclosed waveguide architecture can allow design flexibility (eg, layout, materials, etc.) while removing the speed limits of traditional electronic approaches. The optical neural component 100 includes a plurality of optical transmitter chips 110A to 110D, a plurality of optical receiver chips 120A to 120D, a plurality of internode waveguides 130-1 to 130-16, and a plurality of mirrors 140A to 140D. (Mirror from transmitter) Multiple transmitting waveguides 150-1 to 150-16, multiple mirrors 160A to 160D (mirrors toward receiver), and multiple receiving waveguides 170A-1 to 170A-16. (170A-1, 170A-5, 170A-9, and 170A-13 are omitted in this embodiment), 170B-1 to 170B-16 (170B-2, 170B-6, 170B-10, in this embodiment), And 170B-14 omitted), 170C-1 to 170C-16 (170C-3, 170C-7, 170C-11, and 170C-15 are omitted in this embodiment), 170D-1 to 170D-16 (omitted). 170D-4, 170D-8, 170D-12, and 170D-16 are omitted in this embodiment), a plurality of filters 180A to 180D, and a plurality of in-node signal lines 190-1 to 190-16. It's fine.

For ease of illustration, of the internode waveguides 130-1 to 130-16, only the innermost internode waveguide 130-1 and the outermost signal line 130-16 are shown, with the abbreviations in the middle. , Represents internode waveguides 130-2 to 130-15. Similarly, except near the respective optical receiver chips 120A to 120D, the receiving waveguides 120A-1 to 120A-16, 120B-1 to 120B-16, 120C-1 to 120C-16, 120D-1 to 120D. Only a portion of -16 is shown and the ellipsis represents the rest of the receiving waveguide, as detailed in FIG. 2 (discussed below). Further, due to the limited space, of the plurality of transmitting waveguides 150-1 to 150-16, only the transmitting waveguides 150-3, 150-7, 150-11, and 150-15 are shown in FIG. Is given a reference code in. Similarly, of the plurality of receiving waveguides shown, only the receiving waveguides 170C-2, 170C-6, 170C-10, and 170C-14 are given reference numerals in FIG. 1 and within the plurality of nodes. Of the signaling lines 190-1 to 190-16, only the in-node signaling lines 190-1, 190-5, 190-9, and 190-13 are given reference numerals in FIG. Nevertheless, the transmit waveguide, the receive waveguide, and the omitted reference code of the signal line in the node shown in FIG. 1 have suffixes A to D corresponding to the optical transmitter chips 110A to 110D, and optical reception. It is understood that the machine chips 120A to 120D are referred to, and the suffixes 1 to 16 are understood to refer to the corresponding internode waveguides 130-1 to 130-16, and are referred to throughout the present disclosure. obtain.

The optical transmitter chip 110A includes a plurality of optical transmitters 110-1, 110-5, 110-9, and 110-13. Similarly, the optical transmitter chip 110B includes a plurality of optical transmitters 110-2, 110-6, 110-10, and 110-14, and the optical transmitter chip 110C includes a plurality of optical transmitters 110-3. Containing 110-7, 110-11, and 110-15, the optical transmitter chip 110D includes a plurality of optical transmitters 110-4, 110-8, 110-12, and 110-16, but is easy to illustrate. Only the optical transmitters 110-1, 110-5, 110-9, and 110-13 are shown. In this example, the suffix refers to the corresponding internode waveguide to which the optical transmitter is connected by the transmitting waveguide, as described below. Each of the optical transmitters 110-1 to 110-16, for example, each of the optical transmitter chips 110A to 110D has a vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) as an optical transmitter included in the optical transmitter chips 110A to 110D. It may be a VCSEL so that it may include a VCSEL array containing an emitting laser). The optical signals emitted by the plurality of optical transmitters in each of the optical transmitter chips 110A to 110D may be emitted at the same wavelength. For example, all of the optical signals emitted by all of the optical transmitters 110-1 to 110-16 may be emitted at the same wavelength. Therefore, the plurality of optical transmitters 110-1 to 110-16 may include two or more optical transmitters (for example, optical transmitters 110-1 to 110-16) that emit optical signals at the same wavelength. .. The optical transmitter chips 110A to 110D may be a semiconductor chip mounted on a substrate, for example, a printed circuit board. In this way, the plurality of semiconductor chips mounted on the substrate may include optical transmitter chips (eg, optical transmitter chips 110A and 110B), each of which is one or more. It includes an optical transmitter (for example, optical transmitter 110-1 of optical transmitter chip 110A, optical transmitter 110-2 of optical transmitter chip 110B), and the optical transmitter chip includes one or more optical transmitters. A first optical transmitter chip (eg, optical transmitter chip 110A) that emits an optical signal at the first wavelength and a second optical transmission in which one or more optical transmitters emit an optical signal at the first wavelength. It may include a machine chip (eg, an optical transmitter chip 110B).

In the plurality of optical transmitters 110-1 to 110-16, one of the optical transmitters of the differential pair emits a variable optical signal, while the other of the optical transmitters of the differential pair emits a reference optical signal. May be split into differential pairs that emit. For example, the first optical transmitter and the second optical transmitter (eg, optical transmitters 110-1 and 110-5) of each optical transmitter chip (eg, optical transmitter chip 110A) have variable optical signals and It may be a differential pair that emits each reference optical signal. In this way, each of the optical transmitter chips 110A to 110D may include one or more differential pairs of optical transmitters. Similarly, a third optical transmitter and a fourth optical transmitter (eg, optical transmitters 110-9 and 110-13) of each optical transmitter chip (eg, optical transmitter chip 110A) have variable optical signals. And may be a differential pair that emits a reference optical signal, respectively. For this reason, each of the optical transmitter chips 110A to 110D may include two or more differential pairs of optical transmitters. As an example, in the differential pair of optical transmitters 110-1 and 110-5, the optical transmitter can transmit the signal value corresponding to the differential power of SigA1-RefA1. 110-1 may emit a variable optical signal having a variable power of "Sigma1", and optical transmitter 110-5 may emit a reference optical signal having a constant power of "RefA1". Alternatively, in a differential pair, the optical transmitter 110-1 may emit a variable optical signal, "Sigma1_positive", and the optical transmitter 110-5 may emit a variable optical signal, "Sigma1_positive", an inverted signal. "SigA1_negate" may be emitted. In this embodiment, the signal value can be calculated by 1/2 (Sigma1_positive-Sigma1_negate). As described in the present disclosure, one of these signals (positive or negative) can be referred to as "variable" while the other is referred to as "reference".

The optical receiver chip 120A includes a plurality of optical receivers 120-1, 120-5, 120-9, and 120-13. Similarly, the optical receiver chip 120B includes a plurality of optical receivers 120-2, 120-6, 120-10, and 120-14, and the optical receiver chip 120C includes a plurality of optical receivers 120-3. 120-7, 120-11, and 120-15 are included, and the optical receiver chip 120D includes a plurality of optical receivers 120-4, 120-8, 120-12, and 120-16, but is easy to illustrate. Only optical receivers 120-1, 120-5, 120-9, and 120-13 are shown. In this example, the suffix refers to the corresponding internode waveguide to which the optical receiver is connected by the receiving waveguide, as described below. (More specifically, as described in more detail later, each optical receiver is connected to a multi-node waveguide by a plurality of receiving waveguides while being connected to the optical transmitter by an in-node signal line. The tailing number of the optical receiver may be connected. The tailing number of the optical receiver is selected by arbitrary convention to match the tailing number of the connected optical transmitter, which means that the receiving waveguide allows the optical receiver to be connected. Each of the optical receivers 120-1 to 120-16, for example, each of the optical receiver chips 120A to 120D is included as an optical receiver, respectively. It may be a photodiode so that it may include a photodiode array that includes a photodiode. The optical receiver chips 120A to 120D may be a semiconductor chip mounted on a substrate, for example, a printed circuit board. The substrate may be the same substrate on which the optical transmitter chips 110A to 110D are mounted. In this way, the plurality of semiconductor chips mounted on the substrate may include optical receiver chips (for example, optical receiver chips 120A and 120B), and each of the optical receiver chips may be one or more. It includes an optical receiver (for example, optical receiver 120-1 of optical receiver chip 120A, optical receiver 120-2 of optical receiver chip 120B). More generally, each of the semiconductor chips mounted on the substrate is at least one of the optical transmitters (eg, optical transmitter 110-1) or at least one of the optical receivers (eg, optical receiver 110-1). , Optical receiver 120-1) may be included.

Multiple node-to-node waveguides 130-1 to 130-16 may be formed on a substrate, eg, a printed circuit board, and polymerized in a single layer of the substrate. (It should be noted that the substrate "above" is not limited to the formation in the upper layer of the substrate, but includes the formation in the substrate.) The plurality of internode waveguides 130-1 to 130-16 are optical transmitter chips 110A. Or 110D and / or optical receiver chips 120A-120D may be formed on the same substrate on which they are mounted. The plurality of internode waveguides 130-1 to 130-16 may be arranged at a fine pitch and may share a cladding. The internode waveguides 130-1 to 130-16 are concentric loops, such as circles, ellipses, oval, rounded squares or rectangles, rounded pentagons, or any other rounded. It may be arranged as a polygon or any other shape that may be arranged as a concentric loop. In the case where a plurality of optical transmitters 110-1 to 110-16 include two or more optical transmitters that emit optical signals at the same wavelength, the plurality of internode waveguides 130-1 to 130-16 are 2 Each of one or more optical transmitters may include a dedicated internode waveguide. That is, the internode waveguides may be dedicated to the optical transmitter in the sense that the internode waveguides propagate only the optical signals emitted from the optical transmitters they are dedicated to. The plurality of internode waveguides 130-1 to 130-16 may be dedicated to the plurality of optical transmitters 110-1 to 110-16, respectively.

In the plurality of transmitted waveguides 150-1 to 150-16, the core of one of the intersecting waveguides passes through the core or cladding of the other waveguide, and the waveguides 150-1 to 150-16 are transmitted. At least one of 150-16 is formed on a substrate, eg, a printed circuit board, so as to intersect at least one of the internode waveguides 130-1 to 130-16. The plurality of transmitting waveguides 150-1 to 150-16 are on the same substrate on which the inter-node waveguides 130-1 to 130-16 are formed, or the optical transmitter chips 110A to 110D or the optical receiver chip. It may be formed on the same substrate on which 120A and / or 120D are mounted, or both. The transmit waveguides 150-1 to 150-16 and the internode waveguides 130-1 to 130-16 may be made of polymer in a single layer of substrate. Each of the waveguides 150-1 to 150-16 to be transmitted may be optically connected to an optical transmitter among a plurality of optical transmitters 110-1 to 110-16, and the light emitted from the optical transmitter may be connected to the optical transmitter. The signal is received, and the received optical signal is configured to be transmitted to the internode waveguide among a plurality of internode waveguides 130-1 to 130-16. In the example of FIG. 1, the transmitting waveguide 150-1 that does not intersect with any of the internode waveguides 130-1 to 130-16 (the reference code is omitted, see FIG. 2) is an optical transmitter. Optical signal optically connected to 110-1 (as outlined by the positioning of waveguide 150-1) and to receive the optical signal emitted from the optical transmitter 110-1. Is configured to be transmitted to the internode waveguide 130-1. Similarly, the waveguide 150-5 to be transmitted (the reference code is omitted, see FIG. 2) is optically connected to the optical transmitter 110-5 and is emitted from the optical transmitter 110-5. It is configured to receive the received optical signal and to transmit the received optical signal to the internode waveguide 130-5. However, unlike the transmitting waveguide 150-1, the transmitting waveguide 150-5 is at least one of the inter-node waveguides 130-1 to 130-16, that is, the inter-node waveguides 130-1 to 130-1. Cross 130-4. Thanks to the optical characteristics (size, refractive index distribution, etc.) of the transmitting waveguide 150-5 and the inter-node waveguides 130-1 to 130-4, the transmitting waveguide 150-5 is the inter-node waveguide 130-. On the way to 5, it may pass through the core or cladding of each of the internode waveguides 130-1 to 130-4. Alternatively, the core of each of the internode waveguides 130-1 to 130-4 may pass through the core or cladding of the transmitting waveguide 150-5. Intersecting waveguides at intersections to reduce crosstalk of optical signals between intersecting waveguides (eg, a portion of the optical signal from one waveguide is combined with an optical signal in the other waveguide). The angle between may be close to 90 degrees or may be substantially 90 degrees. In addition, some dedicated index of refraction distribution scheme may be applied to reduce the loss. (See, for example, US Patent Application Publication No. 2013/0101256 ("Design for reducing loss at intersection in optical waveguides".)) The waveguides 150-1 and 150-5 to be transmitted are optical transmissions, respectively. Connected and configured to receive the optical signals emitted from the machines 110-1 and 110-5 and to transmit the received optical signals to the internode waveguides 130-1 and 130-5, respectively. Similarly, the plurality of transmitting waveguides 150-1 to 150-16 have suffixes -1 to -16 corresponding to the corresponding optical transmitters 110-1 to 110-16, and the internode waveguide 130. It is understood to refer to -1 to 130-16, so as to receive the optical signal emitted from the respective optical transmitters 110-1 to 110-16, and to receive the received optical signal through the internode waveguide. It may be optically connected and configured to transmit to 130-1 to 130-16.

A plurality of mirrors 140A to 140D (mirrors from the transmitter) are formed on a substrate, for example, a printed circuit board, and each of the mirrors 140A to 140D is light emitted from optical transmitters 110-1 to 110-16. A plurality of optical signals propagating on the transmitting waveguide among the plurality of transmitting waveguides 150-1 to 150-16 so that the signal is transmitted to the inter-node waveguides 130-1 to 130-16. It is configured to reflect on the inter-node waveguide of the inter-node waveguides 130-1 to 130-16. For example, the mirror 140A transmits optical signals propagating on the transmitted waveguides 150-1, 150-5, 150-9, and 150-13, respectively, through the internode waveguides 130-1, 130-5, 130, respectively. It may reflect on -9, and 130-13. Similarly, the mirror 140B transmits optical signals propagating on the transmitted waveguides 150-2, 150-6, 150-10, and 150-14, respectively, through the internode waveguides 130-2, 130-6, respectively. It may reflect over 130-10 and 130-14, and the mirror 140C transmits optical signals propagating over the transmitted waveguides 150-3, 150-7, 150-11, and 150-15, respectively. , Can be reflected over the internode waveguides 130-3, 130-7, 130-11, and 130-15, and the mirror 140D transmits waveguides 150-4, 150-8, 150-12, and. Optical signals propagating on 150-16 may be reflected on the internode waveguides 130-4, 130-8, 130-12, and 130-16, respectively. As used throughout this disclosure, the term "mirror" may refer to multiple mirror elements arranged as a mirror array. For example, the mirror 140A comprises a plurality of mirror elements that separately reflect optical signals propagating over each of the waveguides 150-1, 150-5, 150-9, and 150-13, or a plurality of these. May include. Similarly, the mirror 140B is a plurality of mirror elements that separately reflect optical signals propagating over each of the waveguides 150-2, 150-6, 150-10, and 150-14, or a plurality of these. May include. Also, the term "mirror" may refer to a single mirror element in a mirror array. The plurality of mirrors 140A to 140D may include the same substrate on which the internode waveguides 130-1 to 130-16 are formed, or optical transmitter chips 110A to 110D, optical receiver chips 120A to 120D, or both. It may be formed on the same substrate as it is mounted. The plurality of mirrors 140A to 140D may have a reflectance of substantially 1 with respect to light incident on the side facing the transmitting waveguides 150-1 to 150-16, while with respect to light incident on the opposite side. It has a reflection coefficient of substantially zero. In this way, the mirrors 140A to 140D are transmitted by the transmitting waveguides 150-1 to 150-16, allowing the optical signal already propagating on the internode waveguides 130-1 to 130-16 to pass through. The optical signal generated may be reflected on the internode waveguides 130-1 to 130-16. This may be particularly useful in cases where the plurality of mirrors 140A-140D are not an array of mirror elements but a simple mirror that intersects all of the internode waveguides 130-1 through 130-16. In the case where the mirrors 140A to 140D intersect all of the internode waveguides 130-1 to 130-16, or include mirror elements for all of the internode waveguides 130-1 to 130-16, the surface to the transmitting waveguide. The reflectance coefficient for light incident on the side may be substantially 0, substantially 1, or any arbitrary value for the internode waveguide to which the transmitting waveguide is not connected.

A plurality of mirrors 160A to 160D (mirrors toward the receiver) are formed on a substrate, for example, a printed circuit board, and each mirror 160A to 160D is a plurality of internode waveguides 130 to provide a reflected optical signal. Each of -1 to 130-16 is configured to partially reflect the optical signal propagating on the internode waveguide. For example, the mirror 160A may partially reflect an optical signal propagating on each of the internode waveguides 130-1 to 130-16. Similarly, each of the mirrors 160B to 160D may partially reflect the optical signal propagating on each of the internode waveguides 130-1 to 130-16. The plurality of mirrors 160A to 160D are on the same substrate on which the internode waveguides 130-1 to 130-16 are formed, or the optical transmitter chips 110A to 110D, the optical receiver chips 120A to 120D, or both. May be formed on the same substrate on which the is mounted, or on both substrates.

Multiple receiving waveguides 170A-1 to 170A-16 (170A-1, 170A-5, 170A-9, and 170A-13 are omitted in this embodiment), 170B-1 to 170B-16 (this embodiment). In 170B-2, 170B-6, 170B-10, and 170B-14 are omitted), 170C-1 to 170C-16 (170C-3, 170C-7, 170C-11, and 170C-15 in this embodiment). (Omitted), 170D-1 to 170D-16 (170D-4, 170D-8, 170D-12, and 170D-16 are omitted in this embodiment) (hereinafter collectively, the receiving waveguide 170A- 1 to 170D-16), where the core of one of the intersecting waveguides passes through the core or cladding of the other waveguide and receives the waveguides 170A-1 to 170D-16. At least one of them is formed on a substrate, eg, a printed circuit board, so as to intersect at least one of the internode waveguides 130-1 to 130-16. The plurality of receiving waveguides 170A-1 to 170D-16 are on the same substrate on which the internode waveguides 130-1 to 130-16 are formed, or the optical transmitter chips 110A to 110D or the optical receiver chips. It may be formed on the same substrate on which 120A and / or 120D are mounted, or both. The receiving waveguides 170A-1 to 170D-16, the transmitting waveguides 150-1 to 150-16, and the internode waveguides 130-1 to 130-16 are made of polymers in a single layer of substrate. good. Each receiving waveguide 170A-1 to 170D-16 may be optically connected to an optical receiver among a plurality of optical receivers 120-1 to 120-16, and may be optically connected to the optical receivers among the plurality of mirrors 160A to 160D. It may be configured to receive the reflected optical signal provided by the mirror and to transmit the reflected optical signal to the optical receiver. In the example shown in FIG. 1 (see also FIG. 2), the receiving waveguide 170A-2 (reference numeral omitted in FIG. 1) is optically connected to the optical receiver 120-1 and is a mirror. It is configured to receive the reflected optical signal provided by the 160A and to transmit the reflected optical signal to the optical receiver 120-1. As will be described in more detail later with reference to FIG. 2, the receiving waveguide 170A-2 is an optical receiver via the receiving waveguides 170A-3 and 170A-4 using the two couplers 210. Note that it is optically connected to 120-1. In this way, it can be said that each of the receiving waveguides 170A-2, 170A-3, and 170A-4 is optically connected to the optical receiver 120-1. (Similarly, it can be said that each of the receiving waveguides 170A-14, 170A-15, and 170A-16 is optically connected to the optical receiver 120-13.) The receiving waveguide 170A-2. Crosses at least one of the internode waveguides 130-1 to 130-16, i.e., the internode waveguide 130-1. Thanks to the optical characteristics (size, refractive index distribution, etc.) of the receiving waveguide 170A-2 and the internode waveguide 130-1, the receiving waveguide 170A-2 is on its way to the optical receiver 120-1. It may pass through the core or cladding of the internode waveguide 130-1. Alternatively, the core of the internode waveguide 130-1 may pass through the core or cladding of the receiving waveguide 170A-2. Intersecting waveguides at intersections to reduce crosstalk of optical signals between intersecting waveguides (eg, a portion of the optical signal from one waveguide is combined with an optical signal in the other waveguide). The angle between may be close to 90 degrees or may be substantially 90 degrees. The receiving waveguide 170A-2 is optically connected to the optical receiver 120-1 and receives the reflected optical signal brought about by the mirror 160A, and the reflected optical signal is received by the optical receiver 120. The plurality of receiving waveguides 170A-1 to 170D-16 may be optically connected to the optical receivers 120-1 to 120-16, as well as configured to transmit to -1. It may be configured to receive the reflected optical signal provided by the mirrors 160A to 160D and to transmit the reflected optical signal to the optical receivers 120-1 to 120-16. As will be described in more detail later with reference to FIG. 2, the reference numerals of the receiving waveguides 170A-1 to 170D-16 are such that the suffixes A to D refer to the corresponding optical receiver chips 120A to 120D. And the suffixes 1 to 16 are defined to refer to the corresponding internode waveguides 130-1 to 130-16, from which the receiving waveguide receives an optical signal.

A plurality of filters 180A to 180D are formed on a substrate, for example, a printed circuit board, and each filter 180A to 180D is reflected by a reflected optical signal provided by a mirror among the plurality of mirrors 160A to 160D. The optical signal is configured to apply weights before being transmitted to the optical receivers 120-1 to 120-16 by the receiving waveguides 170A-1 to 170D-16 that receive the reflected optical signal. Ru. For example, in the filter 180A, the reflected optical signal received by the reflected optical signal provided by the mirror 160A receives the waveguides 170A-2, 170A-3, 170A-4, 170A-6, 170A-7, 170A. Transmitted to optical receivers 120-1, 120-5, 120-9, and 120-13 by -8, 170A-10, 170A-11, 170A-12, 170A-14, 170A-15, and 170A-16. You may apply weights before Similarly, each of the filters 180B to 180D has the reflected optical signal to the reflected optical signal brought about by the mirrors 180B to 180D, respectively, and the reflected optical signal is the optical receivers 120-2 and 120 of the optical receiver chip 120B, respectively. -6, 120-10, 120-14, optical receivers 120-3, 120-7, 120-11, 120-15 of optical receiver chip 120C, and optical receiver 120-4 of optical receiver chip 120D, Weights may be applied before being transmitted to 120-8, 120-12, 120-16. The plurality of filters 180A to 180D are on the same substrate on which the internode waveguides 130-1 to 130-16 are formed, and / or optical transmitter chips 110A to 110D and / or optical receiver chips 120A to 120D. May be formed on the same substrate on which the is mounted, or on both substrates. Any or all of the plurality of filters 180A to 180D may be neutral density filters. As used throughout this disclosure, the term "filter" may refer to a plurality of filter elements arranged as a filter array. For example, the filter 180A receives waveguides 170A-2, 170A-3, 170A-4, 170A-6, 170A-7, 170A-8, 170A-10, 170A-11, 170A-12, 170A-14, It may include a plurality of filters that apply different weights to the optical signals transmitted on each of the 170A-15 and 170A-16. Similarly, the filter 180B receives the waveguides 170B-1, 170B-3, 170B-4, 170B-5, 170B-7, 170B-8, 170B-9, 170B-11, 170B-12, 170B-13. , 170B-15, and 170B-16, respectively, may include a plurality of filters that apply different weights to the optical signals transmitted over them.

Each of the signal lines 190-1 to 190-16 in the node is an optical receiver among a plurality of optical receivers 120-1 to 120-16, and a plurality of optical transmitters 110-1 to 110-16. It is configured to receive an electrical signal that is connected to the optical transmitter and represents the power of the optical signal received by the optical receiver, and is configured to transmit the electrical signal to the optical transmitter, resulting in the input of the neuron. And connect the optical receiver and the optical transmitter to form the output. For example, the signal line 190-1 in the node may be connected to the optical receiver 120-1 and the optical transmitter 110-1, and may represent an electric signal representing the power of the optical signal received by the optical receiver 120-1. It may be configured to receive and transmit electrical signals to the optical transmitter 110-1, resulting in the optical receiver 120-1 and the optical transmitter 110-1 to form the inputs and outputs of the neurons. To connect. (Various waveguides, including transmit waveguides, receive waveguides, and internode waveguides, may therefore act as synapses.) Thus, in the particular example of FIG. 1, they are identical. For each set of transmitter chip 110 and receiver chip 120 having a suffix (eg, transmitter chip 110A and receiver chip 120A), is the optical transmitter 110-1 to 110-16 divided into differential pairs? Depending on how it may have two or four neurons. In the case of a differential pair, for example, a set of transmitter chip 110A and receiver chip 120A includes a variable optical transmitter 110-1, a reference optical transmitter 110-5, and optical receivers 120-1 and 120-5. And a first neuron having intranode signal lines 190-1 and 190-5, and may include a variable optical transmitter 110-9, a reference optical transmitter 110-13, and an optical receiver 120-9. And 120-13 and a second neuron with intra-node signal lines 190-19 and 190-13. However, the number of neurons in a chip pair can be arbitrary. Moreover, in some embodiments, the optical transmitter and receiver may be mounted on a single chip.

In the example of FIG. 1, each of the optical transmitter chips 110A to 110D has the same number of optical transmitters (in the case of the optical transmitter chip 110A, the four optical transmitters 110-1, 110-5, 110-9, And 110-13), each of the optical receiver chips 120A to 120D has the same number of optical receivers (in the case of the optical receiver chip 120A, four optical transmitters 120-1, 120-5, 120-). 9 and 120-13) are included. Further, the number of optical transmitters included in each of the optical transmitter chips 110A to 110D (for example, four) is the number of optical receivers included in each of the optical receiver chips 120A to 120D (for example, four). Is the same as. In this example, the number of internode waveguides 130-1 to 130-16 connected to each of the optical transmitter chips via the transmit waveguide (eg, transmit waveguide 150-1, 150-5, 150). Internode waveguides 130-1, 130-5, 130-9, and 130-13 connected to the optical transmitter chip 110A via -9, and 150-13, or waveguides 150-2, 150 to transmit. There are four internode waveguides 130-2, 130-6, 130-10, and 130-14 connected to the optical transmitter chip 110B via -6, 150-10, and 150-14). , The number of optical transmitters contained in each of the optical transmitter chips (eg, 4), and the number of optical receivers contained in each of the optical receiver chips (eg, 4) may be the same.

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary diagram of the region of the waveguide architecture shown in FIG. 1, i.e., the region indicated by the dashed circle in FIG. As shown in FIG. 2, the transmitting waveguides 150-1, 150-5, 150-9, and 150-13 are optical transmitters 110-1, 110-5, 110-9, of the optical transmitter chip 110A. And 110-13 receive the optical signals emitted from each, and the received optical signals are passed through the mirror 140A through the internode waveguides 130-1, 130-5, 130-9, and 130-13, respectively. Send to. On the other hand, the internode waveguides 130-2, 130-3, 130-4, 130-6, 130-7, 130-8, 130-10, 130-11, 130-12, 130-14, 130- The optical signals propagating on 15 and 130-16 are reflected by the mirror 160A, and the reflected optical signals are the optical receivers 120-1, 120-5, and 120-9, 120 of the optical receiver chip 120A. Waveguides 170A-2, 170A-3, 170A-4, 170A-6, 170A-7, 170A-8, 170A-10, 170A-11, 170A-12, 170A-14 to be transmitted to -13. , 170A-15, and 170A-16, respectively. Receiving waveguides corresponding to internode waveguides 130-1, 130-5, 130-9, and 130-13 (eg, receiving waveguides 170A-1, 170-5, 170-9, and 170-13). ) Is an optical transmission in which the internode waveguides 130-1, 130-5, 130-9, and 130-13 are connected as a chip pair with optical receiver chips 120A to form one or more neurons. Since the optical signal emitted from the machine chip 110A is propagated, it is omitted in this embodiment.

The internode waveguides shown as solid lines carry optical signals, while the internode waveguides shown as dashed lines are substantially "empty" in the portion shown in FIG. Due to the reflection coefficients of the mirrors 160A-160D shown and described later with respect to FIGS. 3-6, the mirror 160A propagates in the internode waveguides 130-2, 130-6, 130-10, and 130-14. Reflects the remaining optical signal and thus empties these internode waveguides (thus, these internode waveguides are dashed after crossing the mirror 160A) while being emptied by the mirror 160D. The already empty internode waveguides 130-1, 130-5, 130-9, and 130-13 are transmitted through the mirror 140A, and the waveguides 150-1, 150-5, 150-9 are transmitted. , And receive optical signals from 150-13 (thus, these internode waveguides are solid after crossing the mirror 140A).

As also shown in FIG. 2, the optical neural component may further include a plurality of couplers 210 formed on the substrate, each coupler of a plurality of receiving waveguides 170A-1 to 170D-16. The input optical signal is optically added to the optical signal propagating on the received waveguide. In FIG. 2, eight such couplers 210 are shown (three of them are given reference numerals). For example, the topmost coupler 210 (connecting the receiving waveguides 170A-2 and 170A-3) shown in FIG. 2 is the first receiving waveguide 170A- by the first inlet and outlet arms. Having a Y-shaped waveguide structure connected to 3, the coupler 210 has an input signal entering the second inlet arm of the Y-shaped waveguide structure, and the second inlet arm is a Y-shaped waveguide structure. An optical signal propagating on a second receiving waveguide 170A-2 as an input signal to join the optical signal propagating on the first receiving waveguide 170A-3 that meets the first inlet arm of the structure. Is configured to receive. The first inlet and outlet arms of the Y-shaped waveguide structure 210 are physically the length of the first receiving waveguide 170A-3, eg, a second to form a Y-shaped waveguide structure. It may be the length before and after the point where the inlet arm meets the first receiving waveguide 170A-3. Similarly, the second inlet arm of the Y-shaped waveguide structure is physically the length of the second receiving waveguide 170A-2. In this way, the optical signal propagating on each of the receiving waveguides (eg, the receiving waveguide 170A-2) is sent to the optical receiver (eg, 120-1) to which the receiving waveguide is connected. Optically to an optical signal propagating on another waveguide of a waveguide (eg, a receiving waveguide 170A-3) received through the coupler 210 of the plurality of couplers while being transmitted. It may be added, and the optical addition is performed after the weight is applied by the optical filter (eg, 180A) of the plurality of optical filters.

The other seven couplers 210 shown in FIG. 2 may have the same function with respect to the receiving waveguide to which they are connected. In this way, the three receiving waveguides 170A-2, 170A-3, and 170A-4 may be combined into one receiving waveguide 170A-4, and the three receiving waveguides 170A-. 6, 170A-7, and 170A-8 may be combined into one receiving waveguide 170A-8, and three receiving waveguides 170A-10, 170A-11, and 170A-12 may be combined. The three receiving waveguides 170A-14, 170A-15, and 170A-16 may be combined into one receiving waveguide 170A-16. It's okay. Depending on the structure of the combiner 210, fewer couplers 210 may be used, for example, a single 3: 1 Y-shaped waveguide structure in which each combiner 210 combines three receiving waveguides. Formed as. A similar coupler 210 may be provided for all of the receiving waveguides 170A-1 to 170D-16. For example, if the receiving waveguides associated with each optical receiver chip 120A-120D are connected by eight couplers for the optical receiver chip 120A as shown in FIG. 2, the architecture shown in FIG. 1 is: You may have 32 such conjugates 210.

FIG. 3 shows an exemplary diagram of the waveguide architecture shown in FIG. 1, which includes the reflectance coefficient of the mirror 160A. FIG. 4 shows an exemplary diagram of the waveguide architecture shown in FIG. 1, including the reflectance coefficient of the mirror 160B. FIG. 5 shows an exemplary diagram of the waveguide architecture shown in FIG. 1, including the reflectance coefficient of the mirror 160C. FIG. 6 shows an exemplary diagram of the waveguide architecture shown in FIG. 1, which includes the reflectance coefficient of the mirror 160D. Optical transmitter chips 110A to 110D, optical receiver chips 120A to 120D, internode waveguides 130-1 to 130-16 (partially represented by abbreviations) for limited space and for simplicity. ), And only the mirrors 160A to 160D are given reference numerals in FIGS. 3-6. As described above with respect to FIGS. 1 and 2, each of the internode waveguides 130-1 to 130-16 corresponds to a single optical transmitter 110- corresponding to propagate an optical signal emitted from the optical transmitter. Dedicated to 1 to 110-16. In the examples of FIGS. 3 to 6, in the mirrors 160A to 160D, the optical receiver chips 120A to 120D of each chip pair (each pair of the optical receiver chip and the optical transmitter chip) are the light of the other chip pair. It is configured to receive all of the optical signals emitted by the transmitter chip. For example, the mirror 160A is configured such that the optical receiver chip 120A receives all of the optical signals emitted by the optical transmitter chips 120B, 120C, and 120D. In particular, as mentioned above, the term "mirror" may refer to a plurality of mirror elements arranged as a mirror array. For this reason, each of the mirrors 160A to 160D includes a plurality of mirror elements that separately reflect optical signals propagating over each of the internode waveguides 130-1 to 130-16, or a plurality of these. good. With respect to the waveguide architecture shown in FIGS. 3-6, the optical signal propagating on the internode waveguides 130-1 to 130-16 is transmitted counterclockwise. Therefore, when the optical signal emitted by the optical transmitter chip 110D reaches the mirror 160A to be reflected toward the optical receiver chip 120A, the optical signal is reflected toward the optical receiver chips 120B and 120C. As much as possible, the mirrors 160B and 160C have not yet arrived and should therefore be allowed to propagate through the mirror 160A. When the optical signal emitted by the optical transmitter chip 110C reaches the optical receiver 120A, the optical signal has not yet arrived at the mirror 160B and is therefore not allowed to propagate through the mirror 160A. Must be. When the optical signal emitted by the optical transmitter chip 110C reaches the optical receiver 120A, the optical signal does not need to proceed further (the optical signal receives optical reception of the same chip pair as the optical transmitter chip 110C). In cases where it does not need to be received by the machine chip 110C).

Based on these principles, the mirrors 160A to 160D may be configured as shown in FIGS. 3-6. Using FIG. 3 as a representative example, the reflectance coefficients for the mirror 160A are shown for each of the internode waveguides 130-1 to 130-16. In the left column of the table are numbers 1 to 16 referencing the internode waveguides 130-1 to 130-16, respectively. In the right column of the table is the reflectance coefficient. As shown, the reflection coefficient of the mirror 160A for the internode waveguides 130-4, 130-8, 130-12, and 130-16 is about 0.33, or 1/3, from the optical transmitter chip 110D. The emitted optical signal is still allowed to be received by the two optical receiver chips 120B and 120C, of the mirror 160A with respect to the internode waveguides 130-3, 130-7, 130-11, and 130-15. The reflection coefficient is about 0.5, allowing half of the remaining two-thirds of the optical signal emitted from the optical transmitter chip 110C to still be received by one optical receiver chip 120B. (The first third is reflected by the mirror 160D), the reflection coefficient of the mirror 160A for the internode waveguides 130-2, 130-6, 130-10, and 130-14 is about 1. For example, the rest of the optical signal emanating from the optical transmitter chip 110C (after the first two-thirds are reflected by the mirrors 160C and 160D). With respect to the reflectance of the mirror 160A with respect to the internode waveguides 130-1, 130-5, 130-9, and 130-13, the reflectance of the mirror 160A may be 0 in some embodiments, and the light by the mirror 160A. Because it does not allow any reflection of the remaining optical signal emitted from the transmitter chip 110A, or its reflectance coefficient is reflected by the mirrors 160B, 160C, and 160D, such optical signal is passed through the internode waveguide 130. It is shown as 0 ^* in FIG. 3 because it may be any arbitrary value under the assumption that it does not remain at -1, 130-5, 130-9, and 130-13 at all. The mirrors 160B, 160C, and 160D may be configured to correspond as shown in FIGS. 4, 5, and 6. Therefore, for each of the optical receivers 120-1 to 120-16 connected to the optical transmitters 110-1 to 110-16 via the signal lines 190-1 to 190-16 in the node, a plurality of mirrors 160A or 160A or The 160D includes a mirror in which the reflected optical signal is transmitted to the optical receiver and the reflection coefficient is substantially zero with respect to the optical signal emitted by the optical transmitter. In the case where the mirror (eg, mirror 160A) refers to a mirror array, it is substantially zero with respect to the optical signal emitted by a particular optical transmitter (eg, with respect to the optical signal on a particular internode waveguide). It should be noted that having a reflectance coefficient may refer to having no mirror element at that position in the mirror array, or having any non-reflective surface at that position, including transparent surfaces. sea bream. With reflection coefficients of about 0.33, 0.5, and 1, each optical signal from each optical transmitter is substantially reflected and has substantially the same power (considering optical loss through the waveguide). Instead, it may be divided into a plurality of optical signals having 1/3) of the optical signal transmitted in this embodiment, and each divided optical signal may be propagated through a corresponding received waveguide.

FIG. 7 shows an exemplary diagram of the region of the waveguide architecture shown in FIG. 2, which includes the arbitrary weighting of the filter 180A. Internode waveguides 130-1 to 130-16, transmit waveguides 150-1, 150-5, 150-9, and 150-13, receive waveguides for limited space and for simplicity. Only 170A-2, 170A-3, 170A-4, 170A-14, 170A-15, and 170A-16, and the filter 180A are given reference numerals in FIG. Optical signals propagating on each of the internode waveguides 130-1 to 130-16 (optionally, internode waveguides 130-1, 130, as described as examples in connection with FIGS. 3-6. (Omitting the optical signal propagating over -5, 130-9, and 130-13) is the guided light received by each transmitter of 16 (or 12) transmitters. Optical receiver chip 120A by waveguide 170A-1 to 170A-16 (optionally omitting receiving waveguides 170A-1, 170A-5, 170A-9, and 170A-13, as shown in this example). Will be sent to. The weighting may be different for each of the receiving waveguides 170A-1 to 170A-16, as the filter may be a filter array containing a plurality of filter elements, as described above.

In the particular example shown in FIG. 7, the receiving waveguides 170A-1 to 170A-16 correspond to the omitted receiving waveguides 170A-1, 170A-5, 170A-9, and 170A-13, respectively. Filters that can be omitted) show arbitrary weights. For simplicity, there are three shades: relatively "transparent" filtering, eg white for high weights, relatively "opaque" filtering, eg black for low weights, and intermediate level weights. Gray is used to represent filtering with. However, any number of weight gradients is possible. In the example shown in FIG. 7, the receiving waveguides 170A-5 to 170A-8 and 170A-13 to 170A-16 connected to the optical receivers 120-5 and 120-13, respectively, are of a differential pair. It is for reference optical signals, so these receiving waveguides are given an intermediate level weight (gray) in this example. The weights shown for the received waveguides 170A-1 to 170A-4, and 170A-9 to 170A-12 are intended to represent any arbitrary distribution of weights. In this way, the filter 180A may separately weight the optical signals emitted by each of the optical transmitters 110-1 to 110-16. Similarly, the filters 180B, 180C, and 180D are separate for the optical signal emitted by each of the optical transmitters 110-1 to 110-16, either by using the same weight distribution or by using different weight distributions. May be weighted to. In some embodiments, the filter 180A is due to the absence of receiving waveguides 170A-1, 170A-5, 170A-9, and 170A-13, or the waveguides received by the mirrors 160A-160D. Prevents 170A-1, 170A-5, 170A-9, and 170A-13 from receiving optical signals (such optical signals are emitted by the same chip pair of optical transmitter chips 110A). Optical transmitters 110-1, 110-5, 110-9, and 110-13 (eg, omitted optical receivers 170A-1, 170A-5, 170A, because they can be configured to do so, or both. No weights may be applied (or weights of 0 may be applied) to the optical signal corresponding to -9, and the optical signal propagating on 170A-13. The same is true for the other filters 180B-180D.

In some embodiments, it may be possible to change the weights of the filters 180A-180D. For example, the filters 180A-180D may include one or more interchangeable filters that can be exchanged to change the weights applied, eg, physically removable and replaceable. This replacement can be done manually by the user. Instead of this, a manipulator or mechanism connected to or contained in the optical neural component 100, controlled by a controller or computer, receives each filter 180A-180D, or each receiving waveguide 170A-1-170D-16. You may modify the individual filter elements above. As another example, the filters 180A-180D may include one or more variable filters whose transparency may be varied to change the weights applied. Changing the transparency can be done in various ways, for example, using an optical attenuator to change the power of the light, using a liquid crystal filter whose transparency can be changed by changing the drive voltage, to change the optical signal. It is realized by dividing the optical switch into several sub-attenuators and selectively turning the optical switch on and off to allow only a part of the sub-attenuator to propagate the optical signal. good. As an example, in the optical receiver 120-4 (of the optical receiver chip 120D), TT _{× 1} , _{TT × 2} , and _{TT × 3} are optical, respectively, without considering the power loss through the waveguide. Optical signals emitted from transmitter 110-1 (of optical transmitter chip 110A), optical transmitter 110-2 (of optical transmitter chip 110B), and optical transmitter 110-3 (of optical transmitter chip 110C). WD _-1 , WD-2, and WD-3 are weights based on the transparency coefficient of the filter 180A for the received waveguides 170D-1, 170D- ₂ , and 170D- ₃ , respectively. , PR _{x 4} = 1/3 (WD _{-1 TT x 1} + WD _{-2 TT x 2} + WD _-3 TT _{x 3} ) Optical signal with total power (to optical receiver 120-4) The differential pair (again, of the optical receiver chip 120D) of the optical receivers _120-4 and 120-8 may receive (combined by the coupler 210 to be transmitted), PR _{× 4} and PR. A differential optical signal with a power of _{× 8} is received, and the received value is calculated based on the difference between these powers (eg, PR _{× 4 & 8} = PR _{× 4} -PR _{× 8} ). A pair of optical receivers (eg, 120-4 and 120-8) and a corresponding set of differential pairs of optical transmitters (eg, 110-4 and 110-8) may be included in each neuron, the neuron. The output of may be calculated by applying a neural output function f (x) such as a sigmoid function to the received value, or by an Integrate and Fire spiking model. For example, the value of the output signal, represented by the difference in optical power output from the differential pair of optical transmitters 110-4 and 110-8, is calculated based on f (PR _{× 4 & 8} ) (eg,). , Proportional calculation).

FIG. 8 shows an exemplary side view of a portion of the substrate on which the transmitter chip 110A and the waveguide 150-1 to transmit are formed. In the example of FIG. 8, the substrate on which the waveguide 150-1 to be transmitted is formed is the same substrate on which the optical transmitter chip 110A is mounted. As shown in FIG. 8, the transmitting waveguide 150-1 directs light from a direction perpendicular to the substrate in a direction parallel to the substrate, for example, at a substantially 45 ° angle to the substrate. Together with the positioned inlet mirror 810, it is formed on the surface of the substrate, where the transmitting waveguide 150-1 is represented by the horizontal surface formed on it. The optical transmitter chip 110A including the optical transmitter 110-1 is mounted on the substrate with the optical transmitter 110-1 facing the substrate by, for example, flip chip bonding. The dashed line schematically represents the optical signal emitted by the optical transmitter 110-1.

FIG. 9 shows an exemplary side view of a portion of the substrate on which the receiver chip 120A and the receiving waveguide 170A-4 are formed. In the example of FIG. 9, the substrate on which the receiving waveguide 170A-4 is formed is the same substrate on which the optical receiver chip 170A is mounted. As shown in FIG. 9, the receiving waveguide 170A-4 directs light from a direction parallel to the substrate in a direction perpendicular to the substrate, for example, at a substantially 45 ° angle to the substrate. Together with the positioned exit mirror 910, it is formed on the surface of the substrate, where the receiving waveguide 170A-4 is represented by the horizontal surface formed on it. The optical transmitter chip 120A including the optical receiver 120-1 is mounted on the substrate with the optical receiver 120-1 facing the substrate by, for example, flip chip bonding. The dashed line schematically represents the optical signal emitted by the optical receiver 120-4.

The configuration described with respect to FIG. 8 may also be applied to the remaining transmitting waveguides of the transmitting waveguides 150-5, 150-9, and 150-13 connected to the optical transmitter chip 110A. The configuration described with respect to FIG. 9 may also be applied to the remaining receiving waveguides of the receiving waveguides 170A-8, 170A-12, and 170A-16 connected to the optical receiver chip 120A. Further, the configurations described with respect to FIGS. 8 and 9 are the transmitting waveguides 150-1 to 150-16 and the rest of the optical transmitter chips 110B to 110D, the receiving waveguides 170A-1 to 170A-. It may be applied to correspond to 16 and the rest of the optical receiver chips 120B to 120D. Therefore, each of the optical transmitter chips 110A to 110D and the optical receiver chips 120A to 120D is included in at least one optical transmitter (for example, optical transmitter 110-1) contained in the chip, or at least one contained in the chip. One optical receiver (eg, optical receiver 120-1) may be positioned to face the substrate, and the transmitting waveguides 150-1 to 150-16 are via the inlet mirror 810 to the optical transmitter 110-. The waveguides 170A-1 to 170D-16 connected to 1 to 110-16 and received are connected to the optical transmitters 120-1 to 120-16 via the exit mirror 910.

The various waveguides and couplers 210 of the optical neural component 100 form a lower clad layer on the substrate layer, a core layer on the lower clad layer, and an upper clad layer on the core layer. May be manufactured by The lower clad layer and the upper clad layer may be formed, for example, by applying a first polymer using spin coating or curtain coating, and firing. The lower clad layer and the upper clad layer may be shared by a plurality of parallel waveguides. The core layer may be formed, for example, by applying a second polymer, or the same polymer, using a spin coat or curtain coat, and firing, and a photomask with an opening in the portion to be the core. The pattern is formed on the second polymer and is irradiated with ultraviolet light to increase the refractive index. Mirrors 140A to 140D, mirrors 160A to 160D, inlet mirrors 810, and exit mirrors 910 are to form a reflective surface, for example, by cutting the ends of the core and depositing a mirror material such as aluminum, silver, etc. May be formed during the formation of the waveguide, or a total reflection mechanism may be used.

FIG. 10 shows an exemplary diagram of a waveguide architecture for an optical neural component 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The architecture of FIG. 10 is an example of how the architecture of FIG. 1 can be extended to include more pairs of transmitter and receiver chips, eg, more neurons. For ease of illustration, of the internode waveguides 130-1 to 130-32, only the innermost internode waveguides 130-1 and 130-17 and the outermost signal lines 130-16 and 130-32. Is shown, and the abbreviations in the middle represent the internode waveguides 130-2 to 130-15, and the internode waveguides 130-18 to 130-31. Similarly, except near the respective optical receiver chips 120A to 120H, only a portion of the receiving waveguides 120A-1 to 120H-16 is shown, with ellipsis as shown in detail by FIG. 2 above. Represents the remaining received waveguide. Due to the limited space, multiple transmitting waveguides 150-2, 150-4, 150-6, 150-8, 150-10, 150-12, 150-14, 150-16, 150-17, 150 -18, 150-20, 150-21, 150-22, 150-24, 150-25, 150-26, 150-28, 150-29, 150-30, and 150-32 (eg, waveguides to transmit). 150-1 to 150-32 are input waveguides 1030-1, 1030-3, 1030-5, 1030-7, 1030-9, 1030-11, 1030-13, 1030-15, 1030 described later. Of -19, 1030-23, 1030-27, and 1030-31), only the waveguides 150-4, 150-8, 150-12, and 150-16 to be transmitted are given reference numerals in FIG. .. Similarly, of the plurality of mirrors 140A to 140H (mirrors from the transmitter), only the mirror 140B is given a reference code in FIG. 10, and among the plurality of mirrors 160A to 160H (mirrors toward the receiver), the mirrors are given reference numerals. Only 160B is given a reference code in FIG. 10, and of the plurality of filters 180B, 180D, 180E, 180F, and 180H, only filter 180B is given a reference code in FIG. 10, and a plurality of receiving waveguides 170B. Among the -1 to 170B-16, 170D-1 to 170D-16, 170E-17 to 170E-32, 170F-17 to 170F-32, and 170H-17 to 170H-32, the receiving waveguide 170D-3, Only 170D-7, 170D-11, and 170D-15 are given reference numerals in FIG. 10 and have multiple intra-node signal lines 190-2, 190-4, 190-6, 190-8, 190-10, 190-12, 190-14, 190-16, 190-17, 190-18, 190-20, 190-21, 190-22, 190-24, 190-25, 190-26, 190-28, 190- Of 29, 190-30, and 190-32, only the intra-node signal lines 190-20, 190-24, 190-28, and 190-32 are given reference numerals in FIG. Nevertheless, the omitted reference numerals for the transmitting waveguides, couplers, mirrors, receiving waveguides, filters, and intra-node signal lines shown in FIG. 7 are described above in connection with FIGS. 1 and 2. In the same manner as above, the suffixes A to H are understood to refer to the corresponding optical transmitter chips 110A to 110H and the optical receiver chips 120A to 120H, and the suffixes 1 to 32 are between the corresponding nodes. It is understood to refer to waveguides 130-1 to 130-32 and may be referred to throughout the present disclosure.

The optical transmitter chips 110A to 110D of FIG. 1 correspond to the plurality of optical transmitters 110-1, 110-5, 110-9, 110 corresponding to the internode waveguides 130-1 to 130-16, respectively. -13, Optical Transmitters 110-2, 110-6, 110-10, and 110-14, Optical Transmitters 110-3, 110-7, 110-11, 110-15, and Optical Transmitters 110-4, Similar to including 110-8, 110-12, 110-16, the optical transmitter chips 110A to 110H of FIG. 10 correspond to the connected internode waveguides 130-17 to 130-32, respectively. Multiple optical transmitters 110-17, 110-21, 110-25, 110-29, optical transmitters 110-18, 110-22, 110-26, 110-30, optical transmitters 110-19, 110-23 , 110-27, 110-31, and optical transmitters 110-20, 110-24, 110-28, 110-32, but none of the optical transmitters are shown in FIG. 10 for ease of illustration. .. In the same manner, the optical receiver chips 120A to 120D of FIG. 1 have a plurality of optical receivers 120-1, 120-5, 120-9, and 120-13, and optical receivers 120-2, 120-6, respectively. , 120-10, and 120-14, optical receivers 120-3, 120-7, 120-11, and 120-15, and optical receivers 120-4, 120-8, 120-12, and 120-16. The optical receiver chips 120A to 120H of FIG. 10 include, respectively, a plurality of optical receivers 120-1, 120-5, 120-9, and 120-13, optical receivers 120-17, respectively. 120-21, 120-25, and 120-29, optical receivers 120-18, 120-22, 120-26, and 120-30, optical receivers 120-19, 120-23, 120-27, and 120. -31, and optical receivers 120-20, 120-24, 120-28, and 120-32 are included, but none of the optical receivers are shown in FIG. 10 for ease of illustration.

In the example of FIG. 1, the plurality of inter-node waveguides 130-1 to 130-16 is a first ring having two or more of the inter-node waveguides arranged as concentric loops (eg, inter-node conduction). A first, including waveguides 130-1 to 130-16), wherein the plurality of optical transmitters 110-1 to 110-16 have two or more of the optical transmitters placed inside the first ring. A plurality of optical receivers 120-1 to 120-16 include an inner optical transmitter group (eg, optical transmitters 110-1 to 110-16) of the optical receivers placed inside the first ring. Includes a first inner optical receiver group having two or more of them (eg, optical receivers 120-1 to 120-16). In the example of FIG. 10, as in FIG. 1, the plurality of internode waveguides 130-1 to 130-32 have a first ring having two or more of the internode waveguides arranged as concentric loops. Multiple optical transmitters 110-1 to 110-32, including (eg, internode waveguides 130-1 to 130-16), are two of the optical transmitters placed inside the first ring. The first inner optical transmitter group having the above (for example, the optical transmitters 110-2, 110-6, 110-10, and 110-14 of the optical transmitter chip 110B, and the optical transmitter of the optical transmitter chip 110D). 110-4, 110-8, 110-12, and 110-16), and the plurality of optical receivers 120-1 to 120-32 are among the optical receivers placed inside the first ring. Optical of a first inner optical receiver group having two or more (eg, optical receivers 120-2, 120-6, 120-10, and 120-14 of optical receiver chip 120B, and optical receiver chip 120D). Includes receivers 120-4, 120-8, 120-12, and 120-16). The first plurality of optical transmitters 110-1 to 110-32 is a first outer optical transmitter group (eg, optical) having two or more of the optical transmitters placed outside the first ring. Optical transmitters 110-1, 110-5, 110-9, and 110-13 of the transmitter chip 110A, and optical transmitters 110-3, 110-7, 110-11, and 110- of the optical transmitter chip 110C. 15) may further be included, wherein the plurality of receivers 120-1 to 120-32 are a first outer optical receiver group having two or more of the optical receivers located outside the first ring. (For example, optical receivers 120-1, 120-5, 120-9, and 120-13 of the optical receiver chip 120A, and optical receivers 120-3, 120-7, 120-11 of the optical receiver chip 120C. , And 120-15) may be further included.

As shown in FIG. 10, the plurality of inter-node waveguides 130-1 to 130-2 are such that the plurality of inter-node waveguides 130-1 to 130-32 are among the inter-node waveguides arranged as concentric loops. A second ring having two or more of the above (eg, internode waveguides 130-17 to 130-32) is further included, and the plurality of optical transmitters 110-1 to 110-32 are inside the second ring. A second inner optical transmitter group having two or more of the placed optical transmitters (eg, optical transmitters 110-17, 110-21, 110-25, and 110-29 on the optical transmitter chip 110E). , And the optical transmitters 110-18, 110-22, 110-26, and 110-30 of the optical transmitter chip 110F, and the optical transmitters 110-20, 110-24, 110-28 of the optical transmitter chip 110H. And 110-32), the plurality of optical receivers 120-1 to 120-32 are second inner optical receivers having two or more of the optical receivers located inside the second ring. A group (eg, internode waveguides 130-17 to 130-32) is further included, and the plurality of optical transmitters 110-1 to 110-32 are among the optical transmitters placed inside the second ring. Optical of a second inner optical transmitter group having two or more (eg, optical receivers 120-17, 120-21, 120-25, and 120-29 of optical receiver chip 120E, and optical receiver chip 120F). Receivers 120-18, 120-22, 120-26, and 120-30, and optical receivers 120-20, 120-24, 120-28, and 120-32) of the optical receiver chip 120H are included. The first plurality of optical transmitters 110-1 to 110-32 is a second outer optical transmitter group (eg, optical) having two or more of the optical transmitters placed outside the second ring. The transmitter chip 110G may further include optical transmitters 110-19, 110-23, 110-27, and 110-31), wherein the plurality of receivers 120-1 to 120-32 are outside the second ring. A second outer optical receiver group having two or more of the optical receivers placed in (eg, optical receivers 120-19, 120-23, 120-27, and 120- of the optical receiver chip 120G. 31) may be further included.

As described above, the plurality of inter-node waveguides 130-1 to 130-32 are a first ring having a plurality of rings (for example, inter-node waveguides 130-1 to 130-16) and an inter-node waveguide 130-. The optical transmitter and receiver (and similarly the optical transmitter chip and optical receiver chip) are associated with each ring, while being divided into a second ring having 17-130-32. Can be divided into inner and outer groups. In the same manner, the plurality of mirrors 140A to 140H (mirrors from the transmitter) are such that each mirror is an optical signal on the internode waveguide (eg, internode waveguides 130-1 to 130-16) of the first ring. A group of mirrors from the first transmitter (eg, mirrors 140A-140D) arranged to reflect, and an internode waveguide in which each mirror is in the second ring (eg, mirrors 130-17-130-). 32) may include a mirror group (eg, mirrors 140E-140H) from a second transmitter arranged on top to reflect the optical signal. Similarly, in the plurality of mirrors 160A to 160H (mirrors toward the receiver), each mirror has an internode waveguide (for example, an internode waveguide 130-1 to 130-1) in the first ring in order to bring a reflected optical signal. A first group of mirrors (eg, mirrors 160A-160D) arranged to partially reflect the optical signal propagating on 130-16), and each mirror to provide the reflected optical signal. A second mirror group (eg, for example) arranged to partially reflect optical signals propagating on the internode waveguides of the second ring (eg, internode waveguides 130-17 to 130-32). , Mirrors 160E to 160H) and may be included. Filters 180B, 180D, 180E, 180F, and 180H, and in-node signal lines 190-2, 190-4, 190-6, 190-8, 190-10, 190-12, 190-14, 190-16, 190. Similarly for -17, 190-18, 190-20, 190-21, 190-22, 190-24, 190-25, 190-26, 190-28, 190-29, 190-30, and 190-32. , May be divided into groups associated with each ring.

Instead of receiving waveguides 170A-1 to 170A-16, 170C-1 to 170C-16, and 170G-17 to 170G-32, the waveguide architecture of FIG. 10 is the first associated with the first ring. Output waveguides 1010A-1 to 1010A-16 and 1010C-1 to 1010C-16 and second output waveguides 1010G-17 to 1010A-32 associated with a second ring. 1010A-1 to 1010A-16, 1010C-1 to 1010C-16, and 1010G-17 to 1010A-32 are included instead. (Due to the limited space, only the output waveguides 1010C-4, 1010C-8, 1010C-12, and 1010C-16 are given reference numerals in FIG. 10) First output waveguides 1010A-1 to In 1010A-16, and 1010C-1 to 1010C-16, the core of one of the intersecting waveguides passes through the core or cladding of the other waveguide and is of the first output waveguide. The substrate such that at least one (eg, first output waveguide 1010C-14) intersects at least one of the internode waveguides in the first ring (eg, internode waveguide 130-16). May be formed on top. Each first output waveguide (eg, 1010C-14) may be connected to the outside of the first ring and the reflected light produced by the mirrors of the first mirror group (eg, mirror 160C). It may be configured to receive the signal and to transmit the reflected optical signal to the outside of the first ring. Similarly, in the second output waveguides 1010G-17 to 1010G-32, the core of one of the intersecting waveguides passes through the core or cladding of the other waveguide and the second output guide. At least one of the waveguides (eg, second output waveguide 1010G-30) intersects with at least one of the internode waveguides of the second ring (eg, internode waveguides 130-32). It may be formed on the substrate as such. Each second output waveguide (eg, 1010G-30) may be connected to the outside of the second ring and the reflected light produced by the mirrors of the second mirror group (eg, mirror 160G). It may be configured to receive the signal and to transmit the reflected optical signal to the outside of the second ring.

Instead of the filters 180A, 180C, and 180G, the waveguide architecture of FIG. 10 has a first output filter 1020A and 1020C associated with a first ring and a second output filter associated with a second ring. The output filters 1020A, 1020C, and 1020G, which are divided into 1020G, are included instead. The first output filter 1020A receives the reflected optical signal formed on the substrate and received by the reflected optical signal brought about by the mirror 160A among the plurality of mirrors, and the reflected optical signal receives the reflected optical signal. It is configured to apply weights before being transmitted outside the first ring by the first output waveguide (eg, first output waveguides 1010A-1 to 1010A-16). Similarly, the first output filter 1020C is formed on the substrate, and the reflected optical signal receives the reflected optical signal in the reflected optical signal brought about by the mirror 160C among the plurality of mirrors. It is configured to apply weights before being transmitted outside the first ring by a first output waveguide (eg, first output waveguides 1010C-1 to 1010C-16) to receive. Correspondingly, the second output filter 1020G is formed on the substrate, and the reflected optical signal is reflected by the reflected optical signal brought about by the mirror 160G among the plurality of mirrors. Is configured to apply weights before being transmitted outside the second ring by the receiving first output waveguide (eg, first output waveguides 1010G-17 to 1010G-32). Ru.

Optical receiver of the first outer optical receiver group (eg, optical receiver 120-1, 120-5, 120-9, or 120-13 of optical receiver chip 120A, or optical receiver of optical receiver chip 120C. Each of the machines 120-3, 120-7, 120-11, or 120-15) has a plurality of first output waveguides (eg, 1010A-1 to 1010A-16, and 1010C-1 to 1010C-16). Of these, it may be optically connected to the first output waveguide and may be configured to receive the reflected optical signal transmitted by the first output waveguide. Similarly, each of the optical receivers of the second outer optical receiver group (eg, optical receivers 120-19, 120-23, 120-27, and 120-31 of the optical receiver chip 120G) has a plurality. It may be optically connected to the second output waveguide of the second output waveguide (for example, the second output waveguides 1010G-17 to 1010G-32) and is transmitted by the second output waveguide. It may be configured to receive the reflected optical signal. That is, each second output waveguide (eg, second output waveguides 1010G-17 to 1010G-32) is a second outer optical receiver group (eg, optical receiver 120- of the optical receiver chip 120G). 19, 120-23, 120-27, and 120-31) may be optically connected to the optical receiver and is provided by a mirror in the second mirror group (eg, mirror 160G). It may be configured to receive the reflected optical signal and to transmit the reflected optical signal to the optical receiver. In some embodiments, a first outer optical receiver group (eg, optical receiver 120-1, 120-5, 120-9, or 120-13, or optical receiver chip 120C of optical receiver chip 120A). Optical receivers 120-3, 120-7, 120-11, or 120-15), or a second outer optical receiver group (eg, optical receivers 120-19, 120-23 of optical receiver chip 120G). , 120-27, and 120-31) in this way may serve as the output of a neural network containing the optical neural component 100. For example, in the case where the waveguide architecture shown in FIG. 10 represents an optical neural component 100 that is a complete neural network, the optical receiver chip 120C may serve as the output of the neural network.

Waveguides 150-1, 150-3, 150-5, 150-7, 150-9, 150-11, 150-13, 150-15, 150-19, 150-23, 150-27, and 150 to transmit Instead of -31, the waveguide architecture of FIG. 10 is the first input waveguide associated with the first ring 1030-1, 1030-3, 1030-5, 1030-7, 1030-9, 1030-. An input waveguide 1030 divided into 11, 1030-13, 1030-15 and a second input waveguide 1030-19, 1030-23, 1030-27, and 1030-31 associated with a second ring. -1, 1030-3, 1030-5, 1030-7, 1030-9, 1030-11, 1030-13, 1030-15, 1030-19, 1030-23, 1030-27, and 1030-31 instead include. (Due to the limited space, only the input waveguides 1030-3, 1030-7, 1030-11, and 1030-15 are given reference numerals in FIG. 10.) First Input Waveguide 1030-1, In 1030-3, 1030-5, 1030-7, 1030-9, 1030-11, 1030-13, and 1030-15, the core of one of the intersecting waveguides is the core of the other waveguide. Alternatively, through the cladding, at least one of the first output waveguides (eg, first output waveguide 1030-11) is at least one of the internode waveguides of the first ring (eg, first output waveguide 1030-11). For example, it may be formed on the substrate so as to intersect the inter-node waveguide 130-15). Each first input waveguide (eg, 1030-11) may be connected to the outside of the first ring and so as to receive an optical signal from outside the first ring and the received optical signal. May be configured to transmit to the internode waveguide of the first ring (eg 130-11). Similarly, in the second input waveguides 1030-19, 1030-23, 1030-27, and 1030-31, the core of one of the intersecting waveguides is the core or clad of the other waveguide. Through, at least one of the second input waveguides (eg, second input waveguide 1030-27) is at least one of the internode waveguides of the second ring (eg, nodes). It may be formed on the substrate so as to intersect the interwaveguide 130-32). Each second input waveguide (eg, 1030-27) may be connected to the outside of the second ring and so as to receive an optical signal from outside the second ring and the received optical signal. May be configured to transmit to the internode waveguide in the second ring (eg 130-27).

Optical transmitters of the first outer optical transmitter group (eg, optical transmitters 110-1, 110-5, 110-9, and 110-13 of the optical transmitter chip 110A, or optical transmitters of the optical transmitter chip 110C. Each of the machines 110-3, 110-7, 110-11, and 110-15) has a plurality of first input waveguides (eg, 1030-1, 1030-3, 1030-5, 1030-7, 1030). -9, 1030-11, 1030-13, and 1030-15) may be optically connected to the first input waveguide and emit an optical signal to be transmitted by the first input waveguide. It may be configured as follows. Similarly, each of the optical transmitters of the second outer optical transmitter group (eg, optical transmitters 110-19, 110-23, 110-27, and 110-31 of the optical transmitter chip 110G) may be plural. It may be optically connected to the second input waveguide of the second input waveguide (eg, second input waveguide 1030-19, 1030-23, 1030-27, and 1030-31). And it may be configured to emit an optical signal to be transmitted by the second input waveguide. That is, each second input waveguide (eg, second input waveguide 1030-19, 1030-23, 1030-27, or 1030-31) is a second outer optical transmitter group (eg, optical transmitter). An optical signal that may be optically connected to the optical transmitter of the optical transmitters 110-19, 110-23, 110-27, and 110-31) of the machine chip 110G and that is emitted from the optical transmitter is transmitted. To receive and to transmit the received optical signal to the internode waveguide in the second ring (eg, internode waveguides 130-19, 130-23, 130-27, or 130-31). May be configured. In some embodiments, a first outer optical transmitter group (eg, optical transmitter 110-1, 110-5, 110-9, or 110-13, or optical transmitter chip 110C of optical transmitter chip 110A). Optical transmitters 110-3, 110-7, 110-11, or 110-15), or a second outer optical transmitter group (eg, optical transmitters 110-19, 110-23 of the optical transmitter chip 110G). , 110-27, and 110-31) in this way may serve as an input for a neural network containing the optical neural component 100. For example, in the case where the waveguide architecture shown in FIG. 10 represents an optical neural component 100 that is a complete neural network, the optical transmitter chip 110C may serve as an input to the neural network.

In-node signal lines 190-1, 190-3, 190-5, 190-7, 190-9, 190-11, 190-13, 190-15, 190-19, 190-23, 190-27, and 190 Instead of -31, the waveguide architecture of FIG. 10 should provide examples of the inputs and outputs of the neural network as described above, to the transmitter chip 110C and receiver chip 120C, which are completely omitted in this example. The connected inter-ring node signal lines 1040-19, 1040-23, 1040-27, and 1040-31, and 1040-1, 1040-5, 1040-9, and 1040-13 are included instead. (Due to the limited space, only the inter-ring node signal lines 1040-19, 1040-23, 1040-27, and 1040-31 are given reference numerals in FIG. 10. By arbitrary convention, suffix numbers. Note that -19, -23, -27, and -31 refer to the corresponding internode waveguides 130-19, 130-23, 130-27, and 130-31 in the ring of the transmitter chip. Each inter-ring node signal line (eg, inter-ring node signal line 1040-19) is an optical receiver in the first outer optical receiver group (eg, optical receiver 120A), and a second. To receive electrical signals that may be connected to an optical transmitter (eg, optical transmitter 110G) within the outer optical transmitter group and that represent the power of the optical signal received by the optical receiver. The signal may be configured to be transmitted to the optical transmitter, thus connecting the optical receiver and the optical transmitter to form the input and output of the neuron. Similarly, each inter-ring node signal line (eg, inter-ring node signal line 1040-1) is an optical transmitter in the first outer optical transmitter group (eg, optical transmitter 110A), and a second. To receive an electrical signal that may be connected to an optical receiver (eg, optical receiver 120G) in the outer optical receiver group of 2 and that represents the power of the optical signal received by the optical receiver. It may be configured to send an electrical signal to the optical transmitter, thus connecting the optical receiver and the optical transmitter to form the inputs and outputs of the neuron. That is, by using the signal line in the inter-ring node, the optical receiver of the first ring may be connected to the optical transmitter of the second ring, and the optical receiver of the second ring is the second. It may be connected to the optical transmitter of one ring, thus forming an interring node that may function as a neuron connecting the rings. In this way, an arbitrary number of transmitters and receivers are combined across an arbitrary number of rings to scale the optical neural component 100, or the neural network with the optical neural component 100. It's okay. Such scaling may be combined into a larger, higher order ring or other structure by itself, to combine the rings to form a super loop or super ring, arbitrarily. It may include making a higher, higher order ring or other structure with a larger number of objects. For example, if the two rings shown in FIG. 10 are considered primary rings, a series of such primary rings may be connected in an array that bends over them to form a larger secondary ring. It is specific that such a secondary ring may then be connected to another secondary ring in a similar manner. All such connections can be achieved, for example, by input and output waveguides, as shown in FIG.

FIG. 11 shows an exemplary diagram of the waveguide architecture of the optical neural component 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 11, the first plurality of primary rings 1110 are connected in an array that bends over them to form a larger secondary ring, represented by a large ring containing eight primary rings 1110 on the left side of the figure. Will be done. A second plurality of primary rings 1110 are connected in a similar arrangement that bends over itself to form a larger secondary ring, represented by a large ring containing eight primary rings 1110 on the right side of the figure. .. A connection (shown as a double line) between the primary rings 1110 is shown, including one exemplary connection connecting the two secondary rings. Each of the primary rings 1110 with two connections may be structured as the first (leftmost) ring of FIG. 10, while each of the primary rings 1110 with three connections is likewise the first (leftmost) ring of FIG. Although structured as a ring (on the far left) of 1, an additional pair of transmitter chip 110 and receiver chip 120 is from the inner group (including chips 110 / 120B and 110 / 120D in FIG. 10) to the outer group. Moved to (including chips 110 / 120A and 110 / 120C in FIG. 10). Therefore, each of the connections in FIG. 11 is the waveguide and outer transmitter / receiver of the connected first primary ring 1110, similar to the transmitter / receiver chips 110 / 120A and 110 / 120G in FIG. It may include a chip pair. The leftmost protruding connection in FIG. 11 is the input / output for the pair of secondary rings shown in FIG. 11 (similar to the transmitter / receiver chips 110 / 120C and the connected waveguide in FIG. 1). You may play a role. The secondary ring of FIG. 11 may be connected to be a tertiary ring or a higher order ring to scale the optical neural component 100, or the neural network comprising the optical neural component 100.

In the previous description, the output waveguide (eg, 1010C-4), the input waveguide (eg, 1030-3), and the inter-ring node signal line (eg, 1040-19) are each receiving a waveguide (eg, 1040-19). For example, it is referred to by a different name from 170D-3), the waveguide to transmit (eg 150-4), and the signal line within the node (eg 190-20). However, apart from the relationship between the first ring and the second ring, the output waveguide, the input waveguide, and the inter-node signal line in the ring are the receiving waveguide, the transmitting waveguide, and the node, respectively. It may be considered as an example of an internal signaling line and may have the same respective structures. Accordingly, throughout the present disclosure, any description of the receiving waveguide, the transmitting waveguide, and the intra-node signal line applies equally to the output waveguide, the input waveguide, and the inter-ring node signal line, respectively. obtain.

As described above, the internode waveguides 130-1 to 130-32 may be dedicated to the optical transmitter. Internode waveguides (eg, internode waveguides of the same channel) associated with the same positioned optical transmitter of each optical transmitter chip, eg, as indicated by reference numerals used throughout the present disclosure. The internode waveguides 130-1 and 130-2 (associated with the optical transmitter 110-1 of the optical transmitter chip 110A and the optical transmitter 110-2 of the optical transmitter chip 110B, respectively) have a fine pitch structure. They may be arranged adjacent to each other. Alternatively, the internode waveguides associated with the differential pair of transmitters (eg, optical transmitters 110-1 and 110-5) may be arranged adjacently in a fine pitch structure. Alternatively, another alternative is an internode waveguide associated with all of the optical transmitters on each optical transmitter chip (eg, optical transmitters 110-1, 110-5, 110-9, and 110-13). , May be arranged adjacent to each other in a fine pitch structure. For these latter two alternatives, it is possible to reduce the number of separate mirror elements in each of the mirrors 140A-H and / or mirrors 160A-H.

Reference is made to the optical neural component 100 in FIGS. 1, 3-6, 10 and 11, and throughout this description. The term "optical neural component" and the corresponding reference numeral "100" in the drawings are any component or combination of components of the waveguide architecture described throughout the present disclosure, eg, FIGS. 1, 3-3. 6, the whole of FIG. 10, or FIG. 11, FIG. 1, FIGS. 3 to 6, FIG. 10, or a part of FIG. 11, a modification or extension of FIG. 1, FIGS. 3 to 6, FIG. 10, or FIG. Any part, variant, or extension, or combination thereof, of any embodiment of the waveguide architecture described in the present disclosure and not specifically shown in the drawings, including both, or the entire neural network, may be referenced. The optical neural component 100 or the neural network provides some means of adjusting the power of the optical signal emitted by the optical transmitter, the sensitivity of the optical receiver, or both in order to balance the neural network. It may be included or connected to such means. Adjustment parameters can be stored in memory. Such means may include, for example, an optical neural component 100 or a computer connected to a neural network. Such a computer runs a computer program that uses or works with optical neural component 100 or a practical function of the neural network, eg, neural computing, at least in part. That, changing the weight of the filter 180 (including the output filter 1020), changing the reflection coefficient of the mirror 160, emitting a request from the optical transmitter to emit an optical signal, eg, an initial optical signal with the commanded power. It may further provide that it monitors and reads the power of the optical signal received by the optical receiver, and returns the value to a computer program, and so on. A computer may have the same power level in all optical receivers, for example, if an optical signal with the same power is instructed to be emitted by an optical transmitter and the same weight is set for all filters. It may be checked if it can be measured, and the computer may make adjustments accordingly.

As can be understood from the present disclosure, the features of the optical neural component 100 and related embodiments make it possible to avoid the shortcomings associated with conventional techniques. Using the waveguide architecture shown and described herein, the optical neural component 100 is of loss through a waveguide formed to intersect each other on a substrate, eg, a printed circuit board. Low optical signal transmission can support optical spike computing. Thus, the disclosed waveguide architecture can allow design flexibility (eg, layout, materials, etc.) while removing the speed limits of traditional electronic approaches.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been described, the technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described in the preceding paragraph. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and improvements may be made to the embodiments described above. It is also clear from the claims that embodiments with such modifications and improvements may be included in the technical scope of the invention.

Claims (25)

An optical neural component
With multiple optical transmitters,
With multiple optical receivers,
Multiple node-to-node waveguides formed on the board,
The core of one of the intersecting waveguides passes through the core or cladding of the other waveguide so that at least one of the transmitting waveguides intersects the at least one internode waveguide. A plurality of transmitting waveguides formed on a substrate, each of which is optically connected to an optical transmitter among the plurality of optical transmitters and emits an optical signal emitted from the optical transmitter. The transmitting waveguide configured to be received and to transmit the optical signal to the internode waveguide among the plurality of internode waveguides.
With a plurality of mirrors formed on the substrate so as to partially reflect the optical signal propagating on the internode waveguide among the plurality of internode waveguides to bring about the reflected optical signal. ,
The core of one of the intersecting waveguides passes through the core or cladding of the other waveguide so that at least one receiving waveguide intersects the at least one of the internode waveguides. A plurality of receiving waveguides formed on the substrate, each of which is optically connected to an optical receiver among the plurality of optical receivers and by a mirror among the plurality of mirrors. The receiving waveguide configured to receive the resulting reflected optical signal and to transmit the reflected optical signal to the optical receiver.
The reflected optical signal is transmitted to the optical receiver by the receiving waveguide for receiving the reflected optical signal to the reflected optical signal brought about by the mirror among the plurality of mirrors. An optical neural component with a plurality of filters formed on the substrate, each configured to apply weights prior to. The plurality of optical transmitters include two or more optical transmitters that emit optical signals at the same wavelength, and the plurality of node-to-node waveguides are dedicated nodes to each of the two or more optical transmitters. The optical neural component of claim 1, comprising an interwavelength path. The optical neural component according to claim 2, wherein the plurality of filters include a neutral density filter. A plurality of couplers formed on the substrate, each configured to optically add an input optical signal to an optical signal propagating on the receiving waveguide among the plurality of receiving waveguides. Further prepared,
The optical signal propagating on each waveguide of the plurality of receiving waveguides is a coupler of the plurality of couplers while being transmitted to the optical receiver to which the receiving waveguide is connected. Optically added to an optical signal propagating on another of the plurality of received waveguides through the optical addition, the optical addition is weighted by one of the plurality of filters . The optical neural component according to claim 1, which is performed later. The plurality of couplings include at least one coupling having a Y-shaped waveguide structure connected to the first receiving waveguide of the plurality of waveguides by a first inlet arm and an exit arm. ,
In the at least one coupler, the input optical signal enters the second inlet arm of the Y-shaped waveguide structure, and the second inlet arm is the first inlet of the Y-shaped waveguide structure. Light propagating on the second receiving waveguide of the plurality of receiving waveguides as the input optical signal so as to be added to the optical signal propagating on the first receiving waveguide that meets the arm. The optical waveguide according to claim 4, which is configured to receive a signal. The optical neural component of claim 1, wherein the plurality of filters include interchangeable filters that can be exchanged to change the weights. The optical neural component according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of filters include a variable filter whose transparency can be changed to change the weight. The optical neural component of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of semiconductor chips mounted on the substrate, each comprising at least one optical transmitter, or at least one optical receiver. The plurality of semiconductor chips include an optical transmitter chip and an optical receiver chip, each of the optical transmitter chips including one or more of the plurality of optical transmitters, and the optical receiver. Each of the machine chips comprises one or more of the optical receivers, and the optical transmitter chip is such that one or more optical transmitters emit a first optical signal at a first wavelength. 8. The optical neural according to claim 8, comprising one optical transmitter chip and a second optical transmitter chip in which one or more optical transmitters emit a second optical signal at said first wavelength. component. Each of the optical transmitter chips contains the same number of optical transmitters.
Each of the optical receiver chips contains the same number of optical receivers.
The number of optical transmitters included in each of the optical transmitter chips is the same as the number of optical receivers included in each of the optical receiver chips, and the optical transmitter chip is transmitted via the waveguide. The number of internode waveguides connected to each of the above is the same as the number of optical transmitters included in each of the optical transmitter chips and the number of optical receivers included in each of the optical receiver chips. The optical neural component according to claim 9. In each of the plurality of semiconductor chips, the at least one optical transmitter included in the semiconductor chip or the at least one optical receiver included in the semiconductor chip is positioned so as to face the substrate.
The plurality of transmitting waveguides are connected to the plurality of optical transmitters via an inlet mirror configured to direct light from a direction perpendicular to the substrate in a direction parallel to the substrate, and said. The plurality of receiving waveguides are connected to the plurality of optical receivers via an outlet mirror configured to direct the light from the direction parallel to the substrate in the direction perpendicular to the substrate. , The optical neural component of claim 8. Further equipped with signal lines in multiple nodes,
The signal line in each node is connected to each optical receiver of the plurality of optical receivers and each optical transmitter of the plurality of optical transmitters, and the power of the optical signal received by the optical receiver. The optical receiver and the optical transmitter are connected so as to receive an electric signal representing the above and to transmit the electric signal to the optical transmitter, and as a result, to form input and output of a neuron. The optical neural component according to claim 8. For each of the plurality of optical receivers connected to the optical transmitter via the signal line in the node, the plurality of mirrors transmit the reflected optical signal to the optical receiver and are transmitted by the optical transmitter. 12. The optical neural component of claim 12, comprising at least one mirror having a reflection coefficient of substantially 0 with respect to the emitted optical signal. The optical neural component of claim 1, wherein the plurality of node-to-node waveguides, the plurality of transmitting waveguides, and the plurality of receiving waveguides are made of polymers in a single layer of the substrate. The plurality of optical transmitters are the differential pair in which the first optical transmitter of the differential pair emits a variable optical signal, while the second optical transmitter of the differential pair emits a reference optical signal. The optical neural component according to claim 1, which is divided. 15. The optical neural component of claim 15, further comprising a plurality of semiconductor chips mounted on the substrate, each comprising one or more of the differential pairs. 16. The optical neural component of claim 16, wherein each of the plurality of semiconductor chips comprises two or more of the differential pairs. The plurality of internode waveguides include a first ring having two or more internode waveguides arranged as concentric loops.
The plurality of optical transmitters includes a first inner optical transmitter group having two or more optical transmitters placed inside the first ring, and the plurality of optical receivers are said to be the first. The optical neural component of claim 1, comprising a first inner optical receiver group having two or more optical receivers located inside one ring. Each mirror is configured such that the plurality of mirrors partially reflect the optical signal propagating on the internode waveguide of the first ring in order to bring about the reflected optical signal. Including groups
In the optical neural component, the core of one of the intersecting waveguides passes through the core or cladding of the other waveguide, and at least one first output waveguide is of the first ring. Further comprising a plurality of first output waveguides formed on the substrate to intersect at least one internode waveguide, each first output waveguide is connected to the outside of the first ring. And to receive the reflected optical signal brought about by the first mirror of the first mirror group and to transmit the reflected optical signal to the outside of the first ring. 18. The optical waveguide component of claim 18. The reflected optical signal is added to the reflected optical signal brought about by the first mirror among the plurality of mirrors, and the reflected optical signal is received by the first output waveguide that receives the reflected optical signal. 19. The optical neural component of claim 19, further comprising a first output filter formed on the substrate, configured to apply weights prior to being transmitted outside the ring of. The plurality of optical receivers include a first outer optical receiver having two or more optical receivers placed outside the first ring, said light of the first outer optical receiver group. Each of the receivers is connected to the first output waveguide of the plurality of first output waveguides and receives the reflected optical signal transmitted by the first output waveguide. 20. The optical neural component according to claim 20. Further equipped with signal lines in multiple nodes,
The plurality of internode waveguides include a second ring having two or more internode waveguides arranged as concentric loops.
The plurality of optical transmitters are a second inner optical transmitter group having two or more optical transmitters placed inside the second ring and two placed outside the second ring. Including a second outer optical transmitter group having one or more optical transmitters,
The plurality of optical receivers include a second optical receiver group having two or more optical receivers placed inside the second ring.
In the optical neural component, the core of one of the intersecting waveguides passes through the core or cladding of the other waveguide, and at least one second input waveguide is at least one second. It further comprises a plurality of second input waveguides formed on the substrate so as to intersect the internode waveguides of the ring, each second input waveguide being among the second outer optical transmitter group. Optically connected to the optical transmitter and to receive the optical signal emitted from the optical transmitter, and to transmit the received optical signal to the internode waveguide of the second ring. The plurality of intra-node signal lines include a plurality of inter-ring node intra-node signal lines, and each inter-ring node intra-node signal line is an optical receiver in the first outer optical receiver group. And to receive an electrical signal that is connected to an optical transmitter in the second outer optical transmitter group and that represents the power of the optical signal received by the optical receiver, and that the electrical signal is the optical. 21. The optical neural component of claim 21, which is configured to transmit to a transmitter, thereby connecting the optical receiver to the optical transmitter to form the inputs and outputs of a neuron. The core of one of the intersecting waveguides passes through the core or cladding of the other waveguide, and at least one first input waveguide is with at least one internode waveguide in the first ring. Further comprising a plurality of first input waveguides formed on the substrate so as to intersect, each first input waveguide is connected to the outside of the first ring and of the first ring. 18. The optical neural component of claim 18, configured to receive the optical signal from the outside and transmit the optical signal to the internode waveguide of the first ring. The plurality of optical transmitters include a first outer optical transmitter group having two or more first optical transmitters placed outside the first ring, said first outer optical transmitter. Each of the first optical transmitters in the group is optically connected to the first input waveguide of the plurality of first input waveguides and is transmitted by the first input waveguide. 23. The optical neural component of claim 23, configured to emit a power signal. Further equipped with signal lines in multiple nodes,
The plurality of internode waveguides include a second ring having two or more internode waveguides arranged as concentric loops.
The plurality of optical transmitters includes a second inner optical transmitter group having two or more optical transmitters placed inside the second ring.
The plurality of optical receivers are a first outer optical receiver having two or more optical receivers placed outside the first ring and two placed inside the second ring. A second inner optical receiver group having the above optical receivers and a second outer optical receiver group having two or more optical receivers placed outside the second ring are included.
The plurality of mirrors include a second mirror group, and each mirror in the second mirror group is guided between nodes of the second ring to provide a reflected optical signal of the second ring. It is configured to partially reflect the optical signal propagating on the waveguide,
In the optical neural component, the core of one of the intersecting waveguides passes through the core or cladding of the other waveguide, and at least one second output waveguide is at least one second. It further comprises a plurality of second output waveguides formed on the substrate so as to intersect the internode waveguides of the ring, each second output waveguide being among the second outer optical receiver group. Optically connected to the optical receiver of the second ring and to receive the reflected optical signal of the second ring brought about by the mirrors of the second mirror group. The reflected optical signal of the above is configured to be transmitted to the optical receiver, and the plurality of intra-node signal lines include a plurality of inter-ring node intra-node signal lines, and each inter-ring node intra-node signal line. The power of the optical signal connected to the optical transmitter in the first outer optical receiver group and the optical receiver in the second outer optical receiver group and received by the optical receiver. It is configured to receive the representing electrical signal and to transmit the electrical signal to the optical transmitter, thus connecting the optical receiver to the optical transmitter to form the inputs and outputs of the neuron. 24. The optical neural component according to claim 24.

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