JP7023160B2 - Disaster prevention shelter - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a disaster prevention shelter capable of emergency evacuation in the event of a natural disaster such as an earthquake, tsunami, volcanic eruption, debris flow or flood, conflict or nuclear accident.

In recent years, natural disasters such as earthquakes, eruptions, tsunamis and floods have occurred frequently. In addition, accidents at nuclear power plants may occur due to earthquakes and tsunamis, and threats such as nuclear missile launch tests in neighboring countries are also occurring. These factors increase the risk of disaster. There is an increasing demand for disaster prevention shelters for emergency evacuation against these disasters. It has been proposed that the disaster prevention shelter be installed on the ground such as in the garden of each household or on the site in a public facility, or installed underground.

For example, the movable disaster prevention shelter described in Patent Document 1 is installed inside a residential part. This movable disaster prevention shelter has a regular triangular prism shape and is composed of six metal shelter units. Each shelter unit is made of steel and has an outer surface on the outside of a frame connecting each corner of a regular triangular prism and each side, and has a roof plate and a bottom plate on the upper and lower surfaces thereof. Legs are provided under the bottom plate, and solar cells are installed on the roof plate.
The six shelter units are formed into a hexagonal column shape by aligning the corners of the inner frames at one point, and a door is formed as an entrance / exit on one of the outer surfaces.

Since this disaster prevention shelter can be disassembled into six regular triangular prism-shaped shelter units, it can be transported domestically and internationally by air freight or the like using a single shelter unit as a transportation unit in case of emergency response. Therefore, in the event of a disaster such as an earthquake, tsunami, or typhoon, or construction work, it is possible to provide a comfortable living environment even in a harsh environment.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2012-233324

However, since the disaster prevention shelter described in Patent Document 1 has a frame structure in which the shelter unit connects each corner of a regular triangular prism with a steel material, six shelter units are assembled into a hexagonal prism shape. In the state of being constructed in the above, the frames at the tip corners of the six shelter units are concentrated at one point in the central part of the disaster prevention shelter. Therefore, since the central space of the disaster prevention shelter is divided into small pieces, there is a problem that it is not suitable for evacuees to stay or move. Moreover, when assembling the disaster prevention shelter, it was difficult to concentrate the tip corners of the six shelter units at one point.

The present invention has been made in view of such problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a disaster prevention shelter that can secure a large space in a central space and is easy to assemble.

The disaster prevention shelter according to the present invention has at least a side wall portion formed in a substantially L-shaped cross section and a top surface portion having a trapezoidal or arcuate shape, and is formed into a tubular shape by assembling a plurality of shelter divided bodies. A shelter formed by assembling a plurality of shelter split bodies and a lid body is provided with a lid body that closes an upper opening surrounded by a plurality of top surfaces in a state where a plurality of shelter split bodies are assembled. It is characterized in that a central space is formed inside the main body.
According to the present invention, since the top surface of the shelter split body forming the shelter main body is trapezoidal or arcuate, the shelter split body can be easily assembled, and the shelter main body has a cylindrical shape such as a square cylinder or a cylinder. Can be built. Moreover, since a central space of a wide space without a shelter split can be formed inside the shelter body, which is the lower side of the lid, it is suitable for the stay and movement of evacuees.

Further, it is preferable that the shelter split body has a concrete side wall portion and a top surface portion, and a steel frame portion connected to the side wall portion and the top surface portion.
The shelter division that constitutes the shelter body of the disaster prevention shelter has high strength because the side wall and top surface exposed to the outside are made of concrete, and the weight is reduced because the steel frame can be connected and supported inside. It is possible to form a wide central space inside the disaster prevention shelter.

Further, it is preferable that the shelter split body has a side wall portion, a top surface portion and a bottom portion made of concrete.
The shelter split body that constitutes the shelter body has high strength because the side wall, top and bottom exposed to the outside are made of concrete, and is self-supporting because it is formed in a substantially U-shaped cross section, and the frame. The internal space of the disaster prevention shelter can be formed widely without the need for auxiliary parts such as parts.

Further, the shelter main body is buried underground, and an entrance / exit may be provided at the opening of the lid.
The disaster prevention shelter buried underground can enter and exit the ground through the doorway provided in the opening of the lid that closes the upper opening of the shelter body.

The disaster prevention shelter according to the present invention is easy to assemble and the inside of the disaster prevention shelter because it is possible to construct a tubular shelter body having a square tubular shape or a cylindrical shape by assembling a plurality of shelter divided bodies and a lid. A central space of a large space can be formed. Therefore, it is convenient for evacuees to stay and move in the central space of the disaster prevention shelter.

It is a vertical sectional view of the disaster prevention shelter by 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is an exploded perspective view of the main part of the shelter main body of the disaster prevention shelter according to the first embodiment. It is a perspective view of the shelter division body in FIG. It is a partial perspective view of the state which the shelter division body is connected. (A) and (b) are diagrams showing the connection structure between the frame portions of the shelter split body shown in FIG. It is the main part perspective view of the disaster prevention shelter by the modification of 1st Embodiment. It is a perspective view of the disaster prevention shelter by the 2nd Embodiment. It is a perspective view of the disaster prevention shelter by the modification. It is a perspective view which shows the shelter division body of the disaster prevention shelter by the 3rd Embodiment. It is a top view of the disaster prevention shelter according to the 4th embodiment.

Hereinafter, the disaster prevention shelter according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 10.
The disaster prevention shelter according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5.
The disaster prevention shelter 1 shown in FIG. 1 is buried underground. The disaster prevention shelter 1 is a shelter main body 2 that can be evacuated by an evacuee, a lid 4 that closes the upper opening 3 thereof, and a manhole as a tubular passage extending from the opening 4a formed in the lid 4 to the ground. It is equipped with a wall 5 (manhole side block). In addition, instead of the manhole straight wall 5, a slanted wall, a single-sided slanted wall, or the like may be adopted, and these are included in the doorway.
In FIG. 2, the shelter main body 2 has a polygonal tubular shape, for example, a substantially hexagonal tubular shape, and is divided into six shelter bodies for each side of the hexagon on the hexagonal plate-shaped bottom slab 6. It is possible to assemble by connecting the bodies 7. Therefore, it is possible to transport and store each shelter divided body 7 during transportation and storage.

As shown in FIG. 3, the shelter divided body 7 has a wall body 8 having a substantially L-shaped cross section, and a frame portion 9 integrally formed by being connected to a plurality of corner portions on the inner surface side of the wall body 8. It is a skeleton. The wall body 8 has a shape in which a substantially rectangular plate-shaped side wall portion 8a that stands vertically and a top surface portion 8b that is formed by bending in a horizontal plane at the upper end portion of the side wall portion 8a and has a substantially trapezoidal shape in a plan view form a substantially right angle. Is integrally formed with.
The wall body 8 is made of reinforced concrete and has high strength that can withstand earth pressure, a load on the ground, and the like. The top surface portion 8b is an isosceles trapezoid in which the two angles θ on the side wall portion 8a side (lower base) are set to, for example, 60 degrees, and the two angles β on the inner side (upper base) facing the top surface portion 8b are set to, for example, 120 degrees. .. The top surface portion 8b does not have to be an isosceles trapezoid.

The frame portion 9 is parallel to the two opposite sides of the top surface portion 8b from the two corners of the two pillar steel materials 9a hanging from the two corner portions on the upper bottom side of the top surface portion 8b and the lower end portion of the side wall portion 8a. It is composed of a first beam steel material 9b extending to the above, and a second beam steel material 9c connecting the intersections of the support column steel material 9a and the first beam steel material 9b. These strut steel 9a, first beam steel 9b, and second beam steel 9c are each formed of angle steel, but instead of these, I-shaped steel, T-shaped steel, etc. may be used, and the cross-sectional shape of the steel material may be used. Can adopt any one.
The shelter split body 7 is supported by forming a wall body 8 made of high-strength concrete with a substantially L-shaped cross section against external earth pressure and load, and providing a steel frame portion 9 inside. The overall weight can be reduced. Further, the frame portion 9 can be used to create a wall surface, a door, a shelf, or the like that partitions the internal space.

When the concrete wall 8 is formed by the formwork, the frame portion 9 is filled with concrete in a state where each steel material of the frame portion 9 is inserted into the formwork and connected to the internal reinforcing bars or the like by welding or the like. It can be integrally molded by curing. The frame portion 9 is, for example, galvanized. In order to connect the shelter divided bodies 7 to each other, as shown in FIG. 4, each wall body is in a state where the side wall portions 8a and the top surface portions 8b of the wall bodies 8 of the two shelter divided bodies 7 are in contact with each other. The side wall portions 8a and the side surface portions 8b of the 8 are connected to each other by a fixing bolt 15 and a fixing nut 16 via, for example, a bolt box.
Further, as shown in FIG. 5A, the side surfaces of the support steel members 9a made of angle steel are brought into contact with each other, and the side surfaces of the two support column steel materials 9a are brought into contact with each other by the guide plate 10 having a substantially L-shaped cross section. It is sandwiched and fixed with the fixing bolt 15 and the fixing nut 16. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 5B, the side surfaces of the column steel members 9a of each frame portion 9 may be brought into contact with each other and directly fixed by the fixing bolts 15 and the fixing nuts 16. Similarly, the first beam steel materials 9b are also fixed to each other with the fixing bolts 15 and the fixing nuts 16. It is preferable to fill the sides of the wall 8 with a sealing material in a state where the side surfaces 8a and the top surface 8b are in contact with each other for sealing.

The lid 4 that closes the upper opening 3 formed on the upper surface of the shelter main body 2 is formed in a hexagonal plate shape having a larger diameter than the upper opening 3, for example, and is placed on the upper portion of the upper opening 3. It is fixed to each top surface portion 8b of each wall body 8. In this case, the lid 4 can have an appropriate shape such as a disk shape. Alternatively, the lid 4 may be formed in the shape of a hexagonal plate having dimensions that fit into the upper opening 3, and in that case, a receiving portion or a step portion may be formed so as to project from each top surface portion 8b into the upper opening 3. , The lid 4 may be locked and fitted.
The lid 4 is also buried underground in the ground, and is preferably made of concrete so as to withstand earth pressure and various loads on the ground surface.

A manhole straight wall 5 is connected as an entrance / exit from the opening 4a of the lid 4 toward the ground surface, and a hatch 11 that can be opened and closed is installed in the opening 5a at the upper end of the manhole straight wall 5 exposed to the ground surface. There is. For the human hole straight wall 5, a secondary product such as a manhole used in a sewerage facility or the like may be adopted. Further, a ramp 12 is installed along the inner wall in the manhole straight wall 5. A ladder 13 is installed in the shelter body 2 from the opening 4a of the lid 4 toward the bottom slab 6, and the evacuees use the ramp 12 and the ladder 13 of the manhole straight wall 5 to enter the disaster prevention shelter 1 from the ground. You can go in and out. Moreover, since the central space 14 is formed in the central region of the shelter main body 2 in which the ladder 13 is installed, it is easy for evacuees to enter and exit and move, and this central space 14 can also be used as a stay space.

In the wall 8 of the shelter division 7, an evacuee may evacuate from, for example, a nuclear accident or an electromagnetic pulse attack. In this case, the wall 8 is a high-concentration boron-containing concrete containing cholemanite or hirgadite ore as an aggregate so as to be able to shield radiation, electromagnetic pulses, etc., instead of ordinary concrete containing gravel or the like as an aggregate. It is composed of. The high-concentration boron-containing concrete is disclosed in detail in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2015-125141 filed by the present applicant.
That is, the high-concentration boron-containing concrete contains aggregates and cements mainly composed of cholemanite and / or hirugadite collected from the ore of the evapolite type sedimentary deposit. The high-concentration boron-containing concrete is a mixture of cholemonite and / or hirgadite as an aggregate with cement, except for urexite and sassolite contained in the minerals of the evapolite-type sedimentary deposit.

Moreover, fine powder of cholemanite and / or hirgadite with a grain size of 0.6 mm or less collected from the ore of the evapolite type sedimentary deposit was removed. These fine powders are easily dissolved in water when fine powders with a particle size of 0.6 mm or less are generated when cholemanites and / or hirugadite are sorted and collected from the ore of the evapolite type sedimentary deposit and crushed, which inhibits the hydration reaction of cement. do. Therefore, by removing this fine powder in advance, it is possible to mix and solidify cholemanite and / or hirugadite as an aggregate and cement to produce neutron-shielded concrete.

The disaster prevention shelter 1 according to the present embodiment has the above-mentioned configuration, and the construction method thereof will be described next.
When constructing the disaster prevention shelter 1, dig a hole for burying the disaster prevention shelter 1 from the ground surface. Next, the concrete of the bottom slab 6 is driven into the bottom of the hole, and the shelter split body 7 is lowered into the hole by a crane or the like to assemble.
At the time of assembly, as shown in FIG. 4, another shelter division 7 is installed adjacent to the shelter division 7 installed on the bottom slab 6, and the side walls 8a and the top surface 8b of each wall 8 are placed side by side with each other. Make a contact. Then, the side wall portions 8a and the side surface portions 8b of each wall body 8 are connected to each other by a fixing bolt 15 and a fixing nut 16 via a bolt box or the like.

Next, as shown in FIG. 5A, the side surfaces of the support column steel material 9a and the first beam steel material 9b of each frame portion 9 are brought into contact with each other, and two guide plates 10 having a substantially L-shape are used. The side surfaces of the support column steel material 9a and the first beam steel material 9b are sandwiched between the side surfaces and fixed by the fixing bolt 15 and the fixing nut 16, respectively.
Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 5B, the side surfaces of the support column steel material 9a and the first beam steel material 9b of each frame portion 9 may be brought into contact with each other and directly fixed with the fixing bolt 15 and the fixing nut 16. good. Then, in a state where the side surfaces of the side wall portion 8a and the top surface portion 8b of each wall body 8 are in contact with each other, a sealing material is filled between the side surfaces to seal the wall body 8. In this way, the six shelter divided bodies 7 are connected to each other to assemble the hexagonal tubular shelter main body 2.

At the time of assembling the shelter main body 2, the top surface portion 8b of the wall body 8 of the six shelter split bodies 7 is formed in a trapezoidal shape, and the frame portion 9 has a shape connected to the side wall portion 8a and the top surface portion 8b. Therefore, the shelter split body 7 does not extend to the central portion of the shelter main body 2 and forms the central space 14, and from the central space 14 side, the pillar steel materials 9a of each frame portion 9 and the first beam steel materials 9b are connected to each other. Connection work can be done easily. Next, the upper opening 3 of the shelter main body 2 is covered with the lid body 4 and fixed with concrete or the like.
Then, the manhole straight wall 5 connecting the opening 4a of the lid 4 and the ground is connected and fixed to the lid 4, and a hatch 11 that can be opened and closed is attached to the opening 5a at the upper end of the manhole straight wall 5. After that, the disaster prevention shelter 1 is buried in the ground to level the ground.

As described above, according to the disaster prevention shelter 1 according to the present embodiment, since the shelter divided body 7 having a plan view table shape is assembled and connected to each other on the bottom plate 6, the shelter is located in the central region of the shelter main body 2. The tip portion of the divided body 7 does not extend, and the central space 14 can be formed. Therefore, the shelter main body 2 can be easily assembled, and a space for evacuees to enter, leave, move, and stay in the shelter main body 2 can be obtained, and the utility value is high.

When the disaster prevention shelter 1 is a facility for protection from radiation, electromagnetic pulses, etc., the wall body 8, the lid body 4, and the bottom slab 6 are replaced with ordinary ready-mixed concrete, and koremanite and / or hirugadite is used as an aggregate. By constructing with concrete containing concentrated boron, radiation and electromagnetic pulses can be reliably shielded.
Moreover, since the shelter split body 7, the lid body 4, the manhole straight wall 5, etc. other than the bottom slab 6 to be constructed on-site can be manufactured at the factory, the work time on site can be shortened, which is efficient in a short period of time. Can be constructed. Further, by assembling the disaster prevention shelter 1 underground and burying it, the ground after burial can be effectively used.

Although the disaster prevention shelter 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment and can be appropriately changed or replaced without departing from the spirit of the present invention. All of these are included in the present invention. Hereinafter, modifications of the present invention, other embodiments, and the like will be described, but the same reference numerals will be used for the same or similar parts and members as in the above-described embodiments, and the description thereof will be omitted.

FIG. 6 shows the disaster prevention shelter 1A according to the second embodiment of the present invention. In the second embodiment, the shelter main body 2 is installed on the ground. Therefore, in the shelter main body 2 of the disaster prevention shelter 1A according to the present embodiment, a door portion 17 that can be opened and closed is provided on the side wall portion 8a of the shelter split body 7 of any one. Evacuees can enter and exit the shelter body 2 through the door portion 17. The door portion 17 may be made of concrete like the side wall portion 8a of the wall body 8, or may be made of a metal such as steel.
The shelter main body 2 in the present embodiment is provided with a lid 4 that closes the upper opening 3, but is omitted in the present embodiment.

When the disaster prevention shelter 1 is a facility for protecting against radiation, electromagnetic pulses, etc., the wall body 8, the lid body 4, and the bottom slab 6 are constructed of high-concentration boron-containing concrete instead of ordinary concrete. In this case, the door portion 17 may also be formed of high-concentration boron-containing concrete. Alternatively, instead of concrete, a neutron shielding material such as high-density polyethylene containing boron trioxide having a high neutron shielding effect may be attached to the door portion 17. This makes it possible to reliably shield radiation, electromagnetic pulses, and the like.

The disaster prevention shelters 1B to 1E according to the other embodiments described below can be adopted for both the type buried underground and the type installed above ground.
Next, the disaster prevention shelter 1B according to the third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 7.
The disaster prevention shelter 1B has a pentagonal tubular shelter body 2. The shelter main body 2 is formed by assembling and connecting five shelter split bodies 7 having the same shape as that shown in FIG. Each shelter divided body 7 is integrally formed with a wall body 8 having a substantially L-shaped cross section and a frame portion 9. The angle θ on the top surface portion 8b of the wall body 8 is set to, for example, 72 degrees.

In the present embodiment, the bottom slab 6 is provided at the lower part of the shelter main body 2 in which the five shelter divided bodies 7 are assembled, and the upper opening 3 is formed at the upper part where the top surface portions 8b are connected to each other. A lid 4 is installed in the upper opening 3 of the shelter main body 2. The shelter body 2 is not limited to a hexagonal cylinder or a pentagonal cylinder, and can be formed into an appropriate polygonal cylinder.
As a modification of the disaster prevention shelter 1B according to the third embodiment, as shown in FIG. 8, a plurality of shelter divided bodies 7 formed by a concrete wall body 8 and a frame portion 9 having a substantially L-shaped cross section are provided. The assembled disaster prevention shelter 1C may be adopted. In this modification, the wall body 8 of the shelter split body 7 is formed by a side wall portion 8a having a cylindrical peripheral surface shape and a top surface portion 8b having an arcuate plate shape.

Next, the disaster prevention shelter 1D according to the third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
The disaster prevention shelter 1D according to the present embodiment has a shelter main body 2 having the same outer shape as that of the first embodiment. As a plurality of, for example, six shelter divided bodies 7 for constructing the shelter main body 2, those shown in FIG. 9 are adopted. The shelter split body 7 is a wall body 18 formed in a substantially U-shape in cross section, and is entirely formed of, for example, concrete. The shelter division 7 has, for example, a rectangular plate-shaped side wall portion 18a extending in the vertical direction, a substantially trapezoidal plate-shaped top surface portion 18b formed on the upper portion thereof, and a substantially trapezoidal plate-shaped portion formed on the lower portion of the side wall portion 18a. It is formed by the bottom 18c of the.

By assembling, for example, six shelter divisions 7 with the top surface portion 18b and the bottom portion 18c inside, for example, a substantially hexagonal tubular shelter main body 2 is formed. In this case, the lid 4 is fixed to the upper opening 3 formed by the six top surface portions 18b, and the central bottom plate (not shown) is fitted and integrated into the lower opening formed by the six bottom portions 18c. ..
Even in the disaster prevention shelter 1D according to the present embodiment, the shelter main body 2 having a wide central space 14 in the central region can be formed.

The disaster prevention shelter 1 according to the present embodiment is not limited to the configuration including one hexagonal cylindrical shelter main body 2. For example, as in the disaster prevention shelter 1E according to the modification shown in FIG. 10, a configuration in which the side wall portions 8a of any plurality of shelter main bodies 2 are connected to each other may be adopted. In this case, the side wall portions 8a that come into contact with each other may be formed in a frame shape having an opening with steel or the like instead of the concrete wall surface. By communicating the connecting portions of the side wall portions 8a with each other through the openings, the plurality of shelter main bodies 2 can be communicated with each other so as to be able to pass through.
If such a configuration is adopted, the disaster prevention shelter 1E can construct a wide evacuation space in which a plurality of shelter main bodies 2 communicate with each other.

In each of the above-described embodiments and modifications, the bottom slab 6 is placed in concrete at the site in the excavated hole or the like, and a plurality of shelter split bodies 7, lids 4, and manholes manufactured at the factory are placed on the bottom slab 6. I tried to assemble the wall 5 and so on, but it goes without saying that the bottom slab 6 may also be manufactured at the factory.
Further, in the present invention, the shelter split body 7 may be composed of a wall body 8 composed of a side wall portion 8a and a top surface portion 8b. In this case, the central space 14 inside the shelter main body 2 can secure a wider space.

1 Disaster prevention shelter 2 Shelter body 3 Top opening 4 Lid 5 Manhole straight wall 6 Bottom plate 7 Shelter split body 8, 18 Wall body 8a, 18a Side wall part 8b, 18b Top surface part 9 Frame part 9a Strut steel material 9b First beam steel material 9c Second beam steel 14 Central space 15 Fixing bolt 16 Fixing nut 17 Door 18c Bottom

Claims (4)

A plurality of shelter divided bodies having at least a side wall portion formed in a substantially L-shaped cross section and a top surface portion forming a trapezoidal shape or an arcuate shape, and formed into a cylindrical shape by assembling.
It is provided with a lid that closes the upper opening surrounded by the plurality of top surfaces in a state where the plurality of shelter split bodies are assembled.
A disaster prevention shelter characterized in that a central space is formed inside a shelter main body formed by assembling the plurality of shelter divided bodies and the lid body. The disaster prevention shelter according to claim 1, wherein the shelter split body has a concrete side wall portion and a top surface portion, and a steel frame portion connected to the side wall portion and the top surface portion. The disaster prevention shelter according to claim 1, wherein the shelter division body has the side wall portion, the top surface portion, and the bottom portion made of concrete. The disaster prevention shelter according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the shelter main body is buried underground and an entrance / exit is provided at the opening of the lid.

Images