JP7002803B1 - Power factor improvement method and power factor improvement system - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve the efficiency of power factor improvement on a ship even in a situation where maintenance is difficult, and to realize energy saving. SOLUTION: A controller 110 extracts a capacitor 131 corresponding to a large load 6 on which a power is turned on from a database 111, detects an integrated operation time of each of the extracted capacitors 131, and stores the integrated operation time and the database 111. The capacitor 131 whose integrated operation time does not exceed the allowable operation time is inserted by comparing with each allowable operation time. [Selection diagram] Fig. 2

Description

The present invention relates to a power factor improving method and a power factor improving system used in a ship equipped with a load such as a refrigerator or a pump.

A ship can receive power from a land power source while it is moored at a port, but cannot supply power from the outside during a voyage. , Supply power to loads such as refrigerators and pumps in ships.

However, in ships, the power factor of the generator is not stable because the power consumption fluctuates depending on the operating conditions of the load used. There is a method of controlling the power factor using a capacitor when supplying the output power generated by the onboard generator to the load (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 4-208028

For ships that make long voyages, the power factor will be improved over a long period of time. Therefore, during the voyage, the usage time of the capacitor may exceed the allowable time, which may require maintenance. However, maintenance is not taken into consideration in the power factor control in the conventional ship described above.

Since it is difficult for seafarers to make decisions and work on the maintenance of phase-advancing capacitors, if maintenance is required during the voyage, the effective power factor improvement cannot be fully demonstrated and it is consumed by the engine mounted on the ship. There was a problem that it was not possible to save energy.

The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to improve the efficiency of improving the power factor on a ship even in a situation where maintenance is difficult, and to realize energy saving.

The first aspect of the present invention is a power factor improving method using a controller in a ship equipped with a generator.
The controller has a database that stores a large load having power consumption equal to or higher than a predetermined value, a large-capacity capacitor corresponding to the large load, and an allowable operating time Tc of the large-capacity capacitor in association with each other.
The controller detects that there is no power supply from the land power source to the inboard bus, that the generator is supplying power to the inboard bus, and that one or more of the heavy loads are in operation. When you're doing
A capacitor extraction step in which the controller extracts a large-capacity capacitor corresponding to a large load during operation from the database.
The controller detects the integrated operation time Qc of each of the extracted large-capacity capacitors, compares the integrated operation time Qc with each allowable operation time Tc stored in the database, and the integrated operation time Qc is the allowable operation. The input step of inputting a large-capacity capacitor that does not exceed the time Tc, and
Including executing, and
The controller acquires the power factor from a power factor adjusting device that controls a small-to-medium-capacity capacitor and calculates the power factor of the generator, and the power factor exceeds a predetermined value during operation of the large-capacity capacitor. When the above is detected, a method for improving the power factor is provided, which is characterized by stopping the capacitor having the maximum capacity among the large-capacity capacitors being charged.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, it is possible to improve the power factor in the ship, prevent the phase from advancing too much, and improve the efficiency of improving the power factor on the ship even in a situation where maintenance is difficult. It is possible to realize energy saving. Moreover, there is no risk of sacrificing safety during the voyage to improve power factor.

Further, in the power factor improving method of the first aspect of the present invention, the database stores the spare capacitor and the allowable operating time Tr of the spare capacitor in association with each other.
In the charging step, further
A preliminary extraction step in which the controller suspends input of the extracted large-capacity capacitors whose integrated operating time Qc exceeds the allowable operating time Tc and extracts a spare capacitor from the database.
The controller detects the integrated operation time Qr of the spare capacitor, compares the integrated operation time Qr with the allowable operation time Tr of the spare capacitor stored in the database, and the integrated operation time Qr is the allowable operation time Tr. If it does not exceed, the preliminary charging step of charging the spare capacitor and
When the integrated operation time Qr of the spare capacitor exceeds the allowable operation time Tr, the controller determines the integrated operation time Qc of the capacitor whose power supply is suspended in the preliminary extraction step and the integrated operation time Qr of the spare capacitor. And the capacitor selection step to select and input the capacitor with the shorter integrated operation time.
Is preferably included.

Even in situations where maintenance is difficult, it is possible to immediately sustain the efficiency improvement of power factor improvement, and it is possible to realize more efficient energy saving.

Further, in the power factor improving method of the first aspect of the present invention, when the controller detects that power is being supplied from the land power source to the inboard bus, the large-capacity capacitor and the medium- and small-capacity are further detected. It is preferable to interlock the capacitor so that it does not operate.

It is possible to prevent the failure of the land power supply equipment due to the capacitor being turned on during the power supply from the land power supply.

Further, the second aspect of the present invention has a control panel including a controller and a power factor adjusting device connected to the controller.
(A) The power factor adjusting device
(A) Connected to small and medium-sized loads and generators via the onboard bus
(B) Calculate the power factor of the generator,
(C) It controls small and medium-sized capacitors.
(B) The controller
(A) It has a database that stores a large load having power consumption equal to or higher than a predetermined value, a large-capacity capacitor corresponding to the large-capacity capacitor, and an allowable operating time Tc of the large-capacity capacitor in association with each other.
(B) A function of connecting to the heavy load and the generator via the inboard bus and acquiring the operating status of each.
(C) A function that is connected to a breaker of a land power source and a circuit breaker of a generator to acquire the operating status of each, and
(D) A function to acquire the power factor from the power factor adjusting device and
(E) It is connected to a large-capacity capacitor corresponding to the large load, there is no power supply from the land power source to the inboard bus, the generator is supplying power to the inboard bus, and the large load. A function of controlling the large-capacity capacitor based on the allowable operation time Tc and the integrated operation time Qc when it is detected that one or more of them are in operation.
To provide a power factor improvement system for having.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, it is possible to improve the power factor in the ship, prevent the phase from advancing too much, and improve the efficiency of improving the power factor on the ship even in a situation where maintenance is difficult. It is possible to realize energy saving.

Further, in the power factor improving system of the second aspect of the present invention, it is preferable that the power consumption of the large load is 10% or more of the power that can be supplied by the generator.

During the voyage, heavy-load equipment can control the power factor with the corresponding capacitors and spare capacitors, and light-load equipment can cyclically control the power factor with a group of capacitors for more efficient power factor improvement. realizable.

According to the present invention, it is possible to improve the efficiency of improving the power factor on a ship even in a situation where maintenance is difficult, and it is possible to realize energy saving.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a main circuit configuration including a power factor improvement system for executing the first embodiment of the power factor improvement method of the present invention. It is a flow chart of Example 1 of the power factor improvement method of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the control relation in Example 1 of the power factor improvement method of this invention.

Hereinafter, the power factor improving method and the power factor improving system of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the accompanying drawings with reference to preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is limited thereto. It's not something.

{Constitution}
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a main circuit configuration including a power factor improving system for executing the first embodiment of the power factor improving method of the present invention. The power factor improvement system of this embodiment is mounted on a ship, and the load inside the ship (for example, a refrigerator, a pump, a blower, a windlass, a capstan, etc.) from a generator (GEN) 2 in the ship, and an electric light are used. Etc.) to control the power supplied to. Although the number of generators 2 is two in this embodiment, one or three or more generators may be used. The power factor improving system of this embodiment has a control panel 101 in the power factor improving device 1 including a controller 110 having a program relay and a power factor adjusting device 120 connected to the controller 110. The power factor improving device 1 has a control panel (COP) 101 and a capacitor panel (CP) 102. The power factor 110 and the power factor adjusting device 120 are installed in the control panel 101 of the power factor improving device 1 and are connected to each other.

The fuel tank 3 mounted on the hull supplies fuel to the drive engines 4a and b via the fuel transfer pump 301, converts them into electrical energy in the generators 2a and b connected to the respective engines, and mainly converts them into electrical energy. Power is supplied to the load inside the ship (large load: refrigerators (M1-4) 6a to d, medium and small load: small and medium electric motors (P5 to v) 7a to j) via the bus 501 of the switchboard (MSB) 5. Supply.

In this embodiment, the load in the ship will be described separately as a load having a large power consumption as a large load and a load having a small power consumption as a medium load and a small load in combination, if necessary.

In this embodiment, four refrigerating machines 6a to 6d are shown as an example of a large load that consumes more than a predetermined amount of power, but the number is not limited to four, and a generator mounted on the hull and operated can be supplied. Other motors may be used as long as the power consumption is larger than the power consumption. In this embodiment, all the power consumption of the refrigerators 6a to d, which are heavy loads, is the power that can be supplied by all the generators 2 operated in the ship (when there are a plurality of generators (in FIG. 1, the generators 2a and b). (Examples of two units) is the power consumption of a predetermined value or more (10% or more in this embodiment) calculated from the total power that can be supplied. In this embodiment, 10% of the power that can be supplied to all the generators is set, but instead of 10%, any ratio of 8 to 15% may be used. The number of large loads connected to one generator is preferably about 1 to 5. Before the voyage, decide which load should be the heavy load to be controlled by the controller.

Further, in this embodiment, the small and medium-sized motors 7a to j are shown as examples of the small and medium-sized loads (P5 to v). In this embodiment, the number of small and medium-sized electric motors is 10, but it can be controlled within 12 small and medium-capacity capacitors (in the case of this embodiment. In other power factor adjusting devices, the number of capacitors that can be connected to the device: capacitor bank). The number is not limited to 10 as long as it is within the number of units. Examples of small and medium-sized motors include pumps, blowers, windlass, capstans, and the like, but other motors may be used as long as the power consumption is small with respect to the generator mounted on the hull and operated. In this embodiment, all the small and medium-sized electric motors 7a to 7j having a small and medium load consume less than 10% of the power that can be supplied by all the generators, but if the power consumption is not larger than that of the large load, the power consumption is high. A load exceeding 10% of the power that can be supplied by all the generators may be included.

As the power factor adjusting device 120, a commercially available power factor adjusting device can be used, and in this embodiment, the automatic power factor adjusting device VAR-12A manufactured by Mitsubishi Electric Corporation is used, but the present invention is not limited thereto. The power factor adjusting device 120 is connected to a small and medium-sized load (small and medium-sized motors 7a to j) and a generator, and has a control function for a small and medium-sized capacitor, a power factor calculation function, and a display function such as a power factor. The power factor adjusting device 120 measures the current value / voltage value transmitted from the generator 2 to calculate the apparent power, measures the active power in the inboard bus 501, and calculates the power factor from these values.

The controller 110 controls the on / off of the large-capacity capacitors (C1 to C4) 131a to d and the spare capacitor (Cr) 132 mounted in the capacitor board 102. The magnet switches (MS) of the large-capacity capacitors (C1 to C4) 131a to d and the spare capacitors (Cr) 132 are installed in the control panel 101 (not shown). The capacitors in the capacitor board 102 are all phase-advancing capacitors. Of the phase-advancing capacitors, at least the large-capacity capacitor (including the spare capacitor) stores the integrated operation time, and the stored integrated operation time data is sent to the controller 110 for maintenance.

On the other hand, the power factor adjusting device 120 controls the on / off of the small and medium-sized capacitors (C5 to Cx) 133a to l mounted in the capacitor board 102. The magnet switches of the small and medium-sized capacitors (C5 to Cx) 133a to l are installed in the control panel 101. In this embodiment, the number of small and medium-sized capacitors is 12, but the number is not limited as long as it is within the controllable number of the power factor adjusting device.

In this embodiment, the number of capacitor banks of the power factor adjusting device 120 is 12, but the number is not limited to this. If the inboard power factor is poor, the load current will increase and the generator rotor will become hot, which will increase the risk of generator accidents due to poor insulation. By improving the power factor, the current value with respect to the actual load decreases, and the ineffective current decreases, so the generator efficiency increases, the fuel consumption can be reduced, and the risk of generator accidents, etc. can be reduced. In addition, the effect of lowering the temperature inside the engine room can be expected.

In ships, the power factor is often low because the motor load occupies a large weight. As a measure against the decrease in power factor, it is possible to provide a phase-advancing capacitor. However, the power factor adjusting device alone cannot reduce the maintenance risk and the like.

The controller 110 includes the refrigerators 6a to 6d, which are large loads with power consumption equal to or higher than a predetermined value, the large capacity capacitors 131a to d, which are capacitors corresponding to the large load, and the allowable operating time Tc ₁ of the large capacity capacitors 131a to d. It has a database 111 that stores the above ₄ in association with each other and stores the spare capacitor 132 and the allowable operating time Tr of the spare capacitor 132 in association with each other.

In the database 111, for example, the identifier M1 of the refrigerator 6a, which is a large load, the identifier C1 of the large-capacity capacitor 131a corresponding to the refrigerator 6a, and the allowable operating time Tc ₁ of the large-capacity capacitor 131a are stored in association with each other. When the operation of the refrigerator 6a is detected, the associated and stored large-capacity capacitor 131a is extracted, the integrated operation time Qc ₁ is detected and displayed from the large-capacity capacitor 131a, and the associated and stored large-capacity capacitor 131a is stored. The allowable operating time Tc ₁ is extracted. The controller 110 compares which is larger, Qc ₁ or Tc ₁ .

The operation signals from the heavy-load magnet switches (MS1 to 4) 502a to d are transmitted to the controller 110. The number of small and medium-sized load magnet switches (MS5 to v) 502e to v is 10 (MSv = MS14) in this embodiment, but the number is not limited to 10, and therefore, v of MSv is an arbitrary number.

The large-capacity capacitors (131a to d) corresponding to the large load (refrigerators 6a to 6d) are determined in advance, and each heavy load (M1 to 4) and the corresponding capacitors (C1 to C4) are stored in the database 111. It is memorized in relation to each other. Further, in this embodiment, in addition to the large-capacity capacitor, a spare capacitor is also stored in the database 111, and each allowable operating time (Tc _{1 to 4} , Tr) is also stored in the database 111 in association with each capacitor.

The controller 110 is connected to a large load (refrigerators 6a to 6d) and a generator 2 via a bus 501, and is connected to a circuit breaker (MCB) 503 of a land power source and a generator in order to obtain an operation signal. It is connected to the circuit breakers (ACB) 504a and b of 2a and b.

The onshore power receiving breaker 503 is arranged in the main switchboard 5 on the ship and is connected to the land power distribution board (SCB) 8. The land switchboard (SCB) 8 is placed inside the ship, and when the land power supply is connected via the land switchboard as a power supply source for the ship while moored at a port or the like, and the bus is supplied with power from the land power supply. The breaker 503 is "energized", and the breaker 503 is "cut off" when the land power source is not connected to the land switchboard (SCB) 8 during a voyage or the like. When the breaker 503 is "cut off", there is no power supply from the land power source to the onboard bus. The controller 110 acquires an ON (energization) / OFF (disconnection) signal from the breaker 503 by detecting the presence or absence of a current from the land power source to the inboard bus at the contact (SC).

The circuit breaker 504 of the generator 2 is arranged in the main switchboard 5 and connected to the generator 2. When the power of the generator 2 is turned on, the circuit breaker 504 energizes the inboard bus 501 from the generator 2. With the circuit breaker "energized", the generator is supplying power to the onboard bus. The controller 110 acquires ON (energization) / OFF (disconnection) signals from the circuit breaker 504 by detecting the presence or absence of a current from the generator 2 to the bus at the contact.

In this embodiment, the main switchboard 5 includes a bus 501, magnet switches 502a to v, a breaker 503, and circuit breakers 504a and b.

The controller 110 is connected to a large-capacity capacitor (131a to d) corresponding to a large load (refrigerators 6a to d), a spare capacitor 132, a power factor adjusting device 120, and an emergency stop button 9.

The controller 110 acquires power factor data from the power factor adjusting device 120 at any time.

When an emergency stop button 9 is pressed by a seafarer or the like due to an unexpected situation or the like, the controller 110 connected to the emergency stop button 9 receives an emergency stop signal. When the emergency stop button 9 is pressed, the state is in the state of emergency stop, and once the emergency stop button 9 is pressed, it continues unless the operation of releasing the emergency stop is performed. The emergency stop button 9 is connected to the controller 110, and when the emergency stop button 9 is pressed, the controller 110 stops the operation of all the large-capacity capacitors 131, and the controller 110 stops the operation of all the large-capacity capacitors 131, and the medium- and small-capacity capacitors 133 from the controller 110 through the power factor adjusting device 120. Stops the operation of. When the emergency stop signal is received, the power factor improvement is stopped until it is released.

The controller 110 controls the large-capacity capacitors 131a to d corresponding to a large load and the spare capacitor 132. Specifically, by controlling the large-capacity capacitor associated with the large load being operated so that the integrated operating time does not exceed the allowable operating time, the power factor while avoiding troubles requiring capacitor maintenance as much as possible. Improve the rate.

The controller 110 has a function of displaying the detected integrated operation time. Since the total operating time can be displayed, it becomes easier to make a maintenance plan.

The capacity of the spare capacitor 132 is less than or equal to the capacity of the smallest capacity capacitor among the large capacity capacitors 131a to d. Since the spare capacitor 132 is a spare of the large-capacity capacitors 131a to d, there is an effect that the phase does not advance too much when the spare capacitor 132 is used as a substitute. In this embodiment, the number of spare capacitors is one, but there may be a plurality of spare capacitors.

The large-capacity capacitors 131a to 132 and the spare capacitor 132 transmit the data of the integrated operation time to the controller 110 at any time. The controller 110 receives the data via the contact.

In the controller 110, the large-capacity capacitors 131a to d are subjected to the operating conditions of a large load (refrigerator 6a to d), the above-mentioned power factor, the allowable operating time Tc _{1 to 4} , Tr, and the integrated operating time Qc _{1 to 4.} , Qr, and has a function of controlling based on the operation status of the land power source, the generators 2a and b, and the emergency stop button 9.

The controller 110 detects that there is no power supply from the land power source to the inboard bus 501, that the generator 2 is supplying power to the inboard bus 501, and that one or more of the heavy loads are in operation. When doing so, control the large-capacity capacitor to improve the power factor. The power factor is controlled to approach a predetermined value (0.95 in this embodiment), but it operates based on the allowable operation time Tc and the integrated operation time Qc in order to avoid the maintenance risk due to overuse of the large-capacity capacitor. It is controlled by judging whether or not it is possible.

Further, the controller 110 has a function of interlocking the large-capacity capacitor 131 and the small-to-medium-capacity capacitor 133 so as not to operate when it detects that power is being supplied from the land power source to the inboard bus 501. This makes it possible to prevent a failure on the land power supply side.

Further, the controller 110 has a function of interlocking the generator 2 so as not to supply power to the inboard bus 501 when it detects that power is being supplied to the inboard bus 501 from the land power source. This can prevent double power supply.

On the other hand, the power factor adjusting device 120 is connected to the small and medium-sized loads (small and medium-sized motors (P) 7a to j) and the generator 2 having power consumption of a predetermined value or less via the bus 501, and the power factor of the generator 2 is adjusted. Measure. Then, it controls a group of capacitors for small and medium-sized loads (small and medium capacity capacitors (C5 to Cx) 133a to l).

The power factor adjusting device 120 cyclically controls small and medium-sized capacitors (C5 to Cx) 133a to l to improve the power factor while using each capacitor as evenly as possible. The small and medium capacity capacitor is a combination of 100 μF and 250 μF in this embodiment.

For example, when the power consumption of all the refrigerators 6a to 6d is 60 kW, the large-capacity capacitors 131a to d are all capacitors having a capacity of 900 μF, and if the power consumption of the refrigerator is doubled, the corresponding capacitor is used. The capacity is also doubled. The total capacity of all the capacitors in the capacitor panel is calculated so that it is below a certain value of the rated current value of the generator, and the power factor is adjusted by subtracting the total capacity of the large-capacity capacitors from that value. It is the total capacity of small and medium-sized capacitors that are cyclically controlled by the device.

The capacitance of the large-capacity capacitor is preferably, but is not limited to, 500 μF to 2000 μF. The capacitance of the small-to-medium-sized capacitor is preferably 5 to 500 μF, but is not limited to this.

{effect}
According to the power factor improvement system of this embodiment, the efficiency of power factor improvement on a ship can be improved even in a situation where maintenance is difficult, and energy saving can be realized.

According to the power factor improvement system of this embodiment, when maintenance of the phase-advancing capacitor in use is required during the voyage, the spare capacitor automatically supports it, so that effective power factor improvement is sufficient. It can be demonstrated and the energy consumed by the engine mounted on the ship can be saved. Therefore, there is no need for seafarers to make urgent decisions and work on maintenance, which is highly convenient.

Further, according to the power factor improvement system of this embodiment, when the power factor exceeds a certain value, a certain capacitor is stopped, so that the phase advances even in a situation where maintenance is difficult on a ship that makes a long voyage. It is possible to prevent overshooting and efficiently improve the power factor in the ship for a long period of time. Therefore, energy consumption can be reduced. For example, a ship with an average fuel consumption of 1.1 kl / day on a pelagic tuna longline fishing vessel power generation engine can reduce fuel consumption by about 13 kl on a 300-day voyage.

By stopping the capacitor when the phase advances too much, it is possible to operate without stopping the operation of the load even when the power factor is low, so there is a risk of sacrificing safety during the voyage to improve the power factor. do not have.

{Processing process}
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of Example 1 of the power factor improving method of the present invention. The power factor improving method of this embodiment is a power factor improving method for power supply in a ship, and is the above-mentioned controller 110, that is, a large load having a predetermined power consumption or more (in this embodiment, the refrigerating machines 6a to 6a to This is performed using a controller 110 having a database that stores d), capacitors corresponding to a large load (large-capacity capacitors 131a to d in this embodiment), and allowable operating times (Tc _{1 to 4} ) of the capacitors in association with each other. ..

In the power factor improving method of this embodiment, the controller 110 detects that there is no power supply from the land power source to the inboard bus 501 by the signal from the breaker 503 of the land power source, and the breaker of the generator 2 mounted on the ship. The signal from 504 detects that the generator 2 is supplying power to the inboard bus 501, and the signal from the magnet switches 502a to 502a to d of the refrigerators 6a to d, which is a heavy load, causes one or more of the heavy loads. When the (Step 100) controller 110 detects that it is in operation, the capacitor extraction step of extracting the capacitor (large capacity capacitor 131) corresponding to the large load (refrigerator 6) in operation from the database 111. , (Step200) The controller 110 detects the integrated operation time Qc of each of the extracted large-capacity capacitors, compares the integrated operation time Qc with each allowable operation time Tc stored in the database 111, and compares the integrated operation time Tc with each other. Includes performing the charging step of charging a large-capacity capacitor that does not exceed the allowable operating time Tc.

In the power factor improving method of the present embodiment, the power factor adjusting device 120, in which the (Step 300) controller 110 controls the small and medium capacity capacitors (medium and small capacity capacitors 133a to l) to calculate the power factor of the generator 2, is further used. If it is detected that the power factor exceeds a predetermined value (0.95 in this embodiment) while the large-capacity capacitor is operating by acquiring rate data, the capacitor with the maximum capacity among the capacitors being charged is stopped. Includes a stop step to cause.

In the power factor improving method of this embodiment, the spare capacitor 132 and the allowable operating time Tr of the spare capacitor are further stored in association with each other in the database 111, and in the (Step 200) input step, the (Step 210) controller 110 is further stored. , Of the extracted capacitors (large-capacity capacitors 131), the capacitors whose integrated operation time Qc exceeds the allowable operation time Tc are suspended from input, and the preliminary extraction step of extracting the spare capacitor 132 from the database 111 and the (Step 220) controller. 110 detects the integrated operation time Qr of the spare capacitor 132, compares the integrated operation time Qr with the allowable operation time Tr of the spare capacitor 132 stored in the database 111, and the integrated operation time Qr exceeds the allowable operation time Tr. If not, in the preliminary loading step in which the spare capacitor 132 is loaded, and in the (Step230) controller 110, if the integrated operation time Qr of the spare capacitor exceeds the allowable operation time Tr, the power supply is suspended in the preliminary extraction step. It includes a capacitor selection step in which the integrated operation time Qc and the integrated operation time Qr of the spare capacitor are compared, and the one with the smaller integrated operation time is selected and input. If you do not use a spare capacitor, these steps are not required.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing a control relationship in the first embodiment of the power factor improving method of the present invention.

(Step 10) Initial confirmation step The controller 110 is connected to the breaker 503 of the land power source, and constantly monitors whether or not the power is supplied from the land power source to the inboard bus 501 from the breaker 503. Further, the controller 110 is connected to the circuit breaker 504 of the generator 2 and monitors whether the power is constantly supplied from the generator 2 to the inboard bus 501 from the circuit breaker 504. Further, the controller 110 is connected to the emergency stop button 9, and whether the emergency stop button is always pressed from the emergency stop button 9 (if it is pressed once, is the emergency stop state released)? Monitor. Further, the controller 110 is connected to the magnet switch 502 of the large-capacity capacitor 131 having a large load, and the magnet switch 502 constantly monitors whether the large-capacity capacitor 131 is in operation.

The controller 110 has no power supply from the land power source to the inboard bus 501, the generator 2 mounted on the ship is supplying power to the inboard bus 501, and one or more of the heavy loads are in operation. When it is detected that there is something, the capacitor extraction step and the charging step (including the preliminary capacitor extraction step, the preliminary charging step, and the capacitor selection step) described below are executed. If it is in an emergency stop, do not perform the following steps.

The detection is always performed, for example, when the large load is not operating, the power factor improvement performed by the controller 110 is stopped, and the power factor improvement is applied only by the small and medium load by the power factor adjusting device 120.

When the power is supplied from the land power source, the power of the generator is turned off by the interlock. During power supply from the land power source, the power on the supply side is large and there are many loads connected to the main source on the supply side, so even if the power factor is improved, there is only an effect such as preventing transmission loss. The power factor improvement system of the invention is not operated. Further, when the power is supplied from the land power source, the capacitors 131, 132, 133, which are the phase-advancing capacitors, are not operated by the interlock.

The power of the generator can be turned on while the power is not supplied from the land power source. When the power of the generator is turned on, the electric power from the generator is supplied to the electric motor having a large load such as a refrigerator connected to the generator and the electric motor having a small load such as a small capacity pump or a blower. Power is also supplied to the controller 110 and the power factor adjusting device 120.

(Step 100) Capacitor Extraction Step The controller 110 extracts the capacitor (large capacity capacitor 131) corresponding to the operating refrigerator 6 from the database 111. For example, when the operation signals are received by the magnet switches (MS1 to 3) 502a, b, c that the refrigerators 6a, b, and c are in operation, they are associated with each load in advance and stored in the database 111. The controller 110 extracts the capacitive capacitors (C1 to 3) 131a, b, and c.

(Step 200) Input step The controller 110 detects the integrated operation time Qc of each of the extracted large-capacity capacitors. In FIG. 2, the extracted capacitor is displayed as the corresponding C (capacitor). When the refrigerators 6a, b, and c are in operation, the large-capacity capacitors (C1 to 3) 131a, b, and c are requested to have data of the integrated operation time Qc _{1 to 3} . The detected integrated operation time Qc is displayed on the controller 110. Since the operator can check the total operating time, it is easy to make a maintenance plan and it is highly convenient.

Next, the controller 110 compares the detected integrated operation times Qc _{1 to 3} with the respective allowable operation times Tc _{1 to 3} stored in the database 111. Comparing the integrated operating times Qc ₁ , Qc, and Qc ₃ obtained from the large-capacity capacitors (C1 to 3) 131a, b, and c with the allowable operating times Tc ₁ , Tc, and Tc ₃ stored in the database 111. do.

Next, the controller 110 inserts a large-capacity capacitor whose integrated operation time Qc does not exceed the allowable operation time Tc. If the integrated operation time is within the allowable operation time, the trouble of the capacitor is unlikely to occur. Therefore, if the corresponding capacitor is within the allowable operating time, use it. Since the load is fixed during the voyage, it is more stable to adjust the power factor with the corresponding capacitor than to control it cyclically for the load that easily affects the power factor, that is, the load with high power consumption. In addition, the occurrence rate of maintenance work can be reduced, and the burden on seafarers can be reduced. Further, since the capacitor is determined for the load, it is easy to identify the cause and perform maintenance even when maintenance is required.

(Step 210) Preliminary extraction step The controller 110 suspends charging of the extracted capacitors (large-capacity capacitors 131) whose integrated operating time Qc exceeds the allowable operating time Tc. If a spare capacitor is installed, the capacitor associated with the database is not inserted. As a result, it is possible to prevent troubles of the capacitor which has been used for a long time and may be deteriorated.

The controller 110 extracts the spare capacitor 132 from the database 111. For example, when the large-capacity capacitor 131a exceeds the allowable operating time Tc ₁ , it is associated with the refrigerator 6a in a database that improves the power factor by using the capacitor 132 instead of using the large-capacity capacitor 131a. It is possible to improve the power factor more efficiently by using a spare capacitor Cr instead of forcibly using the existing capacitor.

(Step 220) Preliminary charging step The controller 110 detects the integrated operation time Qr of the spare capacitor 132. Specifically, the spare capacitor (Cr) 132 is requested and detected with the data of the integrated operation time Qr.

Next, the controller 110 compares the detected integrated operation time Qr with the allowable operation time Tr of the spare capacitor 132 stored in the database 111. The integrated operation time Qr obtained from the spare capacitor (Cr) 132 is compared with the allowable operation time Tr stored in the database 111.

Next, when the integrated operation time Qr does not exceed the allowable operation time Tr, the controller 110 inserts the spare capacitor 132. If the integrated operation time is within the allowable operation time, the trouble of the capacitor is unlikely to occur. Therefore, if the spare capacitor is within the allowable operating time, use it.

(Step230) Capacitor selection step When the integrated operation time Qr of the spare capacitor exceeds the allowable operation time Tr, the integrated operation time Qc of the capacitor whose power supply is suspended in the preliminary extraction step and the integrated operation time of the spare capacitor Compare with Qr. If the integrated operation time Q exceeds the allowable operation time T for both the large-capacity capacitor 131a (indicated as corresponding C in FIG. 2) and the spare capacitor 132, the next best measure is to determine which one should be used. Become. The integrated operation time Q is used as a judgment criterion at that time.

Next, the one with the smaller integrated operation time Q is selected and input. For example, if the large-capacity capacitor 131a has a shorter or the same integrated operation time Q among the large-capacity capacitor 131a and the spare capacitor 132, the large-capacity capacitor 131a is required to operate. If the integrated operation time Q of the large-capacity capacitor 131a is longer, the spare capacitor 132 is requested to operate.

(Step 300) The stop step controller 110 acquires power factor data from the power factor adjusting device 120 at all times during the operation of the large-capacity capacitor 132. The power factor adjusting device 120 controls the small and medium load capacitors by connecting to the small and medium load (small and medium electric motors 7a to 7a) and the small and medium load capacitors (medium and small capacity capacitors 133a to l) whose power consumption is equal to or less than a predetermined value. It is a device. The power factor adjusting device 120 constantly acquires the current and voltage value data of the generators 2a and 2b, and calculates the power factor. When the power factor is improved by the phase-advancing capacitor, the power factor approaches 1.0.

When the controller 110 detects that the power factor exceeds 0.95 during the operation of the large-capacity capacitor 132, the capacitor having the maximum capacity among the capacitors being charged is stopped. The power factor will be improved with a target of 0.95. To prevent the power factor from exceeding 1.0 (phase progressing too much), if it exceeds 0.95, it is judged that an abnormality has occurred, and one of the capacitors with the largest capacity is selected. Shut off and stop operation. This is because if the phase advances too much, there is a risk that the voltage cannot be controlled. If you want to give priority to improving the power factor, you may raise the limit value from 0.95 to 0.98. For capacitors that have stopped operation, we will not use them for safety until the cause of the abnormality is investigated and improved. This is because it is difficult for seafarers to immediately investigate the cause during the voyage, and because the safety of the voyage is prioritized over the improvement of the power factor.

{effect}
According to the power factor improving method of this embodiment, the efficiency of power factor improvement on a ship can be improved even in a situation where maintenance is difficult, and energy saving can be realized.

According to the power factor improvement method of this embodiment, when maintenance of the phase-advancing capacitor in use is required during the voyage, the spare capacitor automatically supports it, so that effective power factor improvement is sufficient. It can be demonstrated and the energy consumed by the engine mounted on the ship can be saved. Therefore, there is no need for seafarers to make urgent decisions and work on maintenance, which is highly convenient.

Further, according to the power factor improving method of this embodiment, when the power factor exceeds a certain value, a certain capacitor is stopped, so that the phase advances even in a situation where maintenance is difficult on a ship that makes a long voyage. It is possible to prevent overshooting and efficiently improve the power factor in the ship for a long period of time. Therefore, energy consumption can be reduced.

By stopping the capacitor when the phase advances too much, it is possible to operate without stopping the operation of the load even when the power factor is low, so there is a risk of sacrificing safety during the voyage to improve the power factor. do not have.

1 Power factor improving device 101 Control board 102 Condenser board 110 Controller 111 Database 120 Power factor adjusting device 131 Large capacity capacitor 132 Spare capacitor 133 Medium and small capacity capacitor 2 Generator 3 Fuel tank 301 Fuel transfer pump 4 Drive engine 5 Main switchboard 501 Inside the ship Bus 502 Magnet switch 503 Breaker 504 Circuit breaker 6 Refrigerator 7 Small and medium-sized motor 8 Land switchboard 9 Emergency stop button

Claims (5)

It is a power factor improvement method using a controller in a ship equipped with a generator.
The controller has a database that stores a large load having power consumption equal to or higher than a predetermined value, a large-capacity capacitor corresponding to the large load, and an allowable operating time Tc of the large-capacity capacitor in association with each other.
The controller detects that there is no power supply from the land power source to the inboard bus, that the generator is supplying power to the inboard bus, and that one or more of the heavy loads are in operation. When you're doing
A capacitor extraction step in which the controller extracts a large-capacity capacitor corresponding to a large load during operation from the database.
The controller detects the integrated operation time Qc of each of the extracted large-capacity capacitors, compares the integrated operation time Qc with each allowable operation time Tc stored in the database, and the integrated operation time Qc is the allowable operation. The input step of inputting a large-capacity capacitor that does not exceed the time Tc, and
Including executing, and
The controller acquires the power factor from a power factor adjusting device that controls a small-to-medium-capacity capacitor and calculates the power factor of the generator, and the power factor exceeds a predetermined value during operation of the large-capacity capacitor. When is detected, a power factor improvement method characterized by stopping the capacitor with the maximum capacity among the large-capacity capacitors being charged. The database stores the spare capacitor in association with the allowable operating time Tr of the spare capacitor.
In the charging step, further
A preliminary extraction step in which the controller suspends input of the extracted large-capacity capacitors whose integrated operating time Qc exceeds the allowable operating time Tc and extracts a spare capacitor from the database.
The controller detects the integrated operation time Qr of the spare capacitor, compares the integrated operation time Qr with the allowable operation time Tr of the spare capacitor stored in the database, and the integrated operation time Qr is the allowable operation time Tr. If it does not exceed, the preliminary charging step of charging the spare capacitor and
When the integrated operation time Qr of the spare capacitor exceeds the allowable operation time Tr, the controller determines the integrated operation time Qc of the capacitor whose power supply is suspended in the preliminary extraction step and the integrated operation time Qr of the spare capacitor. And the capacitor selection step to select and input the capacitor with the shorter integrated operation time.
The power factor improving method according to claim 1, wherein the power factor is improved. 1. 2 The power factor improvement method described. It has a control panel with a controller and a power factor adjusting device connected to the controller.
(A) The power factor adjusting device
(A) Connected to small and medium-sized loads and generators via the onboard bus
(B) Calculate the power factor of the generator,
(C) It controls small and medium-sized capacitors.
(B) The controller
(A) It has a database that stores a large load having power consumption equal to or higher than a predetermined value, a large-capacity capacitor corresponding to the large-capacity capacitor, and an allowable operating time Tc of the large-capacity capacitor in association with each other.
(B) A function of connecting to the heavy load and the generator via the inboard bus and acquiring the operating status of each.
(C) A function that is connected to a breaker of a land power source and a circuit breaker of a generator to acquire the operating status of each, and
(D) A function to acquire the power factor from the power factor adjusting device and
(E) It is connected to a large-capacity capacitor corresponding to the large load, there is no power supply from the land power source to the inboard bus, the generator is supplying power to the inboard bus, and the large load. A function of controlling the large-capacity capacitor based on the allowable operation time Tc and the integrated operation time Qc when it is detected that one or more of them are in operation.
A power factor improvement system characterized by having. The power factor improving system according to claim 4, wherein the heavy load power consumption is 10% or more of the power that can be supplied by the generator.

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