JP6999915B2 - Fertilization method - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a fertilizer application method, and more particularly to a fertilizer application method when the fertilizer is poured into a paddy field as a base fertilizer.

For rationalization and labor saving of fertilization such as rice cultivation in paddy fields, as a fertilization method when performing additional fertilization work to the field (paddy field) where paddy rice is cultivated, so-called pouring is performed by directly pouring water from the paddy field mouth into the paddy field together with irrigation water. A fertilization method (water mouth inflow fertilization) is known (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

JP-A-2015-39312

However, in the method described in Patent Document 1, a pouring fertilizer application method is used as additional fertilizer, but as a basal fertilizer, as conventionally known, a coated granular fertilizer is applied by a power spreader or the like before water is poured into a paddy field. After applying it to the entire surface, it was necessary to cultivate, enter water, and scrape.

Here, the reason why the pouring fertilizer application method cannot be used as the basal fertilizer is that the ammonia component of the fertilizer changes to nitrite and nitric acid in the surface layer of the paddy field and is lost to the atmosphere as nitrogen gas by the denitrification action. This is because the efficiency of fertilizer utilization is significantly reduced.

On the other hand, the pouring fertilizer application method is effective as top dressing because the upper roots extend to the surface layer of the paddy field and the fertilizer absorption capacity becomes strong after the middle stage of growth when top dressing is performed, so even if denitrification occurs, fertilizer is used. This is because the efficiency does not decrease.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a fertilizer application method capable of achieving more rationalization and labor saving of fertilizer application and having high fertilizer utilization efficiency even when a pouring fertilizer application method is used as a base fertilizer.

In order to achieve the above object, the fertilizer application method of the present invention is characterized in that, as a basal fertilizer, a liquid fertilizer containing a nitrogenous component and a nitrification inhibitor is directly poured into the paddy field together with irrigation water from the water outlet of the paddy field.

Further, the nitrogenous component is preferably urea or ammonia, and the nitrification inhibitor is preferably dicyandiamide or 3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole phosphate.

According to the fertilizer application method of the present invention, even if the pouring fertilizer application method (water mouth inflow fertilizer) is used as the base fertilizer, the outflow (volatilization) of nitrogen gas into the atmosphere due to the denitrification action can be reduced by the nitrification inhibitor, and the fertilizer can be fertilized. It is possible to improve the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer and save labor in the conventional work such as tilling and scraping.

It is a figure which compares the plant height in the lapse of the days after transplanting of an Example and a comparative example. Similarly, it is a figure which compares the number of stems. It is also a figure for comparing leaf colors. It is a figure which compares the nitrogen absorption amount of an Example and a comparative example.

In the present invention, the paddy field refers to a cultivated land in which irrigated water is filled and crops are cultivated, and the present invention is particularly suitable as a fertilizer application method in the cultivation of paddy rice in a paddy field.

The present invention is carried out using a fertilizer application method in which a nitrification inhibitor is added to a fertilizer containing a nitrogenous component and the fertilizer is directly poured into the paddy field together with irrigation water from the water outlet of the paddy field.

As the fertilizer component of the fertilizer containing a nitrogenous component, urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, lime nitrogen, ammonia humic acid and the like may be contained, and simple fertilizer may be used. In addition, phosphoric acid fertilizers such as lime perphosphate, lime heavy perphosphate, lysate fertilizer, calcined phosphorus fertilizer, and phosphorus fertilizer rot, and fertilizers such as sulphate, sulphate, sulphate, sulphate, sulphate, and silicate. It may be a chemical fertilizer containing and.

Further, the nitrification inhibitor applicable to the present invention is a drug used to delay the change from ammonia produced from fertilizer to nitric acid (nitrate formation) and to suppress the growth and activity of bacteria involved in this change. Examples thereof include dicyandiamide, 3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole / phosphate, 2-sulfanylamide thiazole (sulfothazole), and guanythiourea (1-amidino-2-thiourea).

When the fertilizer containing a nitrogenous component and a nitrification inhibitor is put into a liquid with a predetermined concentration when it is directly poured into the paddy field together with irrigation water from the water mouth of the paddy field, it may be dropped onto the water mouth. It is preferable that a well-known device for pouring fertilizer (water outlet inflow fertilization) can be used and the paddy field can be uniformly fertilized.

The fertilizer application method of the present invention can also be applied to crops that can be cultivated in paddy fields other than paddy fields, such as flooded crops such as lotus root, rush, kwai, makomotake, and wasabi.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited to the Examples.

<Example 1>
Paddy rice was used as a trial product, and trial cultivation was carried out using humid andosol (Okami paddy field soil in Hiratsuka city) as a test soil. The test scale was 1/10000a Wagner pot with a double system, and the cultivation density was 3 strains / pot. As the fertilizer, urea was dissolved in 0.30 g / pot as a nitrogen component and 0.06 g / pot of dicyandiamide as a nitrification inhibitor in 450 ml of water, and fertilizer was applied by pouring it from the upper part of the pot. In addition, 0.3 g / pot of phosphoric acid was applied to the entire surface on the day of transplantation using BM heavy-burning phosphorus and potassium chloride was applied to the entire surface.

<Comparative Example 1>
As Comparative Example 1, the test sample, the test soil, the test scale, and the cultivation density are the same as in the examples, but the fertilizer components are the same on the entire transplant day, phosphoric acid is BM heavy-burning phosphorus, and potassium is chloride. Only 0.3 g / pot was applied using Kari, and no nitrogen component was applied.

<Comparative Example 2>
As Comparative Example 2, the test sample, the test soil, the test scale, and the cultivation density were the same as those in the example, but as for the fertilizer component, only urea as a nitrogen component was applied at 0.30 g / pot. As in the examples, 0.3 g / pot was applied to the entire surface on the day of transplantation, using BM heavy-burning phosphorus for phosphoric acid and potassium chloride for potassium.

<Comparative Example 3>
Comparative Example 3 assumes a conventional fertilization method of basal fertilizer (so-called full-thickness fertilization), and assumes fertilization before plowing, and 20 days before transplantation, only urea as a nitrogen component is 0.30 g / pot. Was applied to the entire surface. As in the examples, 0.3 g / pot was applied to the entire surface on the day of transplantation, using BM heavy-burning phosphorus for phosphoric acid and potassium chloride for potassium.

Table 1 shows the fertilizer application rates of Examples and Comparative Examples. In addition, Table 2 and FIG. 1 show the results of plant height with the number of days elapsed after transplanting in Examples and Comparative Examples. Table 3 and FIG. 2 show the results of the number of stems according to the number of days elapsed after transplantation in Examples and Comparative Examples. Tables 4 and 3 show the results of leaf color with the number of days elapsed after transplantation in Examples and Comparative Examples. Table 5 shows the amount of nitrogen absorbed and the nitrogen utilization rate.

From the results in Table 5, the nitrogen utilization rate of Examples was the highest as compared with Comparative Examples 2 and 3. In addition, the growth in the examples was remarkably increased after 44 days after transplantation, although the initial growth was probably suppressed by the influence of dicyandiamide, and the examples were compared with Comparative Example 3 assuming the conventional fertilization method of basal fertilizer. It can be said that it is comparable to that.

From these results, it can be seen that the fertilizer application method of the present invention is a fertilizer application method for basal fertilizer, which has high fertilizer utilization efficiency and can save labor.

<Example 2>
Paddy rice was used as a trial product, and trial cultivation was carried out using humid andosol (Okami paddy field soil in Hiratsuka city) as a test soil. The test scale was 1/10000a Wagner pot with a double system, and the cultivation density was 3 strains / pot. As the fertilizer, 0.40 g / pot of urea was applied as a nitrogen component. Further, dicyandiamide (Dd) was added as a nitrification inhibitor so that 10% of the weight of nitrogen to be added was nitrogen derived from Dd. On the day of transplantation, heavy-burning phosphorus was used for phosphoric acid and potassium chloride was used for potassium, and 0.4 g / pot was applied to each.

<Example 3>
In Example 3, the test sample, the test soil, the test scale, the cultivation density, and the nitrogen component of the fertilizer are the same as in Example 2, but as a nitrification inhibitor, 3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole / phosphorus is used. Phosphate (DMPP) was added to a weight of 2% of the nitrogen to which it was added. As in Example 2, on the whole surface of the transplantation day, heavy-burning phosphorus was used for phosphoric acid and potassium chloride was used for potassium, and 0.4 g / pot was applied to each.

<Comparative Example 4>
As Comparative Example 4, the test sample, the test soil, the test scale, and the cultivation density were the same as those in the example, but as for the fertilizer component, only urea as a nitrogen component was applied at 0.40 g / pot. As in Examples 2 and 3, 0.4 g / pot was applied to the entire surface on the day of transplantation, using heavy-burning phosphorus for phosphoric acid and potassium chloride for potassium.

Table 6 shows the dry matter weight and the amount of nitrogen absorbed 64 days after the application of the basal fertilizer of Examples 2 and 3 and Comparative Example 4. Further, FIG. 4 is a graph for comparing the amount of nitrogen absorbed.

In Examples 2 and 3 to which Dd or DMPP was added as the nitrification inhibitor, the nitrogen absorption amount was nearly double that of Comparative Example 4 to which the nitrification inhibitor was not added, which led to the improvement of the growth of paddy rice. I understand.

It was found that urea liquid fertilizer containing a nitrification inhibitor suppresses nitrate formation of ammonia nitrogen, and by directly feeding it into the paddy field together with irrigation water from the water outlet of the paddy field, it is sufficiently effective as a fertilizer application method for basal fertilizer. It confirms that it can be demonstrated.

The nitrification inhibitor shown in Table 7 is registered in Japan as a nitrification inhibitor other than Dd and DMPP, but it is considered that these also have a similar mechanism of action and can be applied to the present invention. It can also be applied to other drugs used to delay the change from ammonia to nitric acid (nitrate formation) and suppress the growth and activity of bacteria involved in this change.

Claims (3)

As a base fertilizer
Liquid fertilizer containing nitrogenous components and nitrification inhibitor,
A fertilization method characterized by directly pouring irrigated water from the paddy field into the paddy field. The fertilizer application method according to claim 1, wherein the nitrogenous component is urea or ammonia. The fertilizer application method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the nitrification inhibitor is dicyandiamide or 3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole phosphate.

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