JP6995664B2 - Operation method of scraper, vertical crusher and vertical crusher - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to an operation method of a scraper, a vertical crusher and a vertical crusher.

Conventionally, as a kind of vertical crushing device for finely crushing an object to be crushed into powder, a vertical crushing device provided with a crushing table and a crushing roller in a housing is known (for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2). Etc.)

Further, in the vertical crushing device, in order to discharge the crushed object that has fallen downward from the outer edge of the crushing table to the outside of the device, a groove for receiving the crushed object is provided below the outer edge of the crushing table. There is. Then, the scraper fixed to a part of the crushing table moves in the groove as the crushing table rotates, and the crushed object is discharged (swept out) from the discharge port provided in a part of the groove to the outside of the device. ).

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 4-317949 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2009-297657

In the vertical crushing device as described above, the crushing object may include crushing objects such as copper wire scraps and large metal lumps. If such copper wire scraps or a large object to be crushed fall into the groove without being crushed, they are caught between the scraper and the groove and become locked, so that a large load is applied to the scraper and the scraper may be broken. ..

Since the scraper that can withstand the locked state and does not break is large, it is difficult to install it in a vertical crusher. Further, if the scraper is broken, the operation of the vertical crusher must be stopped immediately in order to replace the scraper, which may reduce the operation efficiency.

An embodiment of the present invention provides a scraper capable of avoiding a decrease in operating efficiency of a vertical crushing device, an operating method of a vertical crushing device and a vertical crushing device capable of avoiding a decrease in operating efficiency. The purpose is to do.

The scraper according to the embodiment of the present invention is a scraper provided in a vertical crushing device that crushes an object to be crushed on a crushing table, is provided on the crushing table, and is provided below the outer edge portion of the crushing table. The support leg extending toward the groove and the object to be crushed, which is supported by the support leg, moves in the groove according to the rotation of the crushing table, and falls from the crushing table into the groove, is placed in the groove. The support leg includes a rod-shaped portion extending in the vertical direction and a rod-shaped portion extending downward from the upper end portion of the rod-shaped portion provided on the front side in the moving direction of the rod-shaped portion. The support leg has a first reinforcing plate extending toward the rod and a second reinforcing plate extending downward from the upper end of the rod-shaped portion provided on the rear side in the moving direction of the rod-shaped portion. The first portion near the upper end portion has higher rigidity than the second portion near the lower end portion of the support leg, and when a predetermined load is applied from the front in the moving direction of the support leg, the sweep portion is said. It is a scraper that deforms so as to move backward in the moving direction of the support legs.

The vertical crushing device according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a crushing table provided in a housing and rotationally driven by a driving device at a predetermined speed, and a crushing roller for crushing an object to be crushed on the crushing table. , The scraper according to the embodiment of the present invention provided on the crushing table.

The method of operating the vertical crusher according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a step of performing a periodic inspection of the vertical crusher of the present invention at predetermined time intervals, and when the scraper is found to be deformed by the periodic inspection. Includes the process of replacing the scraper.

The scraper according to the embodiment of the present invention has an effect that it is possible to avoid a decrease in the operating efficiency of the vertical crusher. The operating method of the vertical crushing device and the vertical crushing device according to the embodiment of the present invention has an effect that a decrease in operating efficiency can be avoided.

It is a figure which shows the schematic structure of the vertical crushing apparatus which concerns on one Embodiment. It is a side view of a scraper. It is a figure which shows typically the normal state and the deformed state of a scraper.

Hereinafter, the vertical crushing apparatus according to the embodiment will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3. In the present embodiment, it is assumed that the object to be crushed by the vertical crushing device is electric / electronic component waste. At least a part or all of the electric / electronic component waste may be incinerated to remove at least a part of an organic substance such as a resin to reduce the capacity.

FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of a vertical crusher (vertical roller mill) 100 according to the present embodiment. The vertical crushing device 100 of FIG. 1 includes a housing 10, a mining chute 19, a crushing table 20, a crushing roller 30, a scraper 50, and a separator 40.

The mining chute 19 throws (supplyes) the electric / electronic component scraps, which are the objects to be crushed, into the center of the crushing table 20 that rotates horizontally.

The crushing table 20 has a convex shape at the center and a concave shape at the outer edge. The crushing table 20 is driven by a table driving device 110 as a driving device for a constant rotation about a rotation axis extending in the vertical direction. Due to this rotation, the electric / electronic component scraps thrown into the center of the crushing table 20 move in the outer peripheral direction of the crushing table 20.

Three crushing rollers 30 are actually provided at positions facing the upper surface of the crushing table 20. The crushing roller 30 applies a constant force toward the crushing table 20 by the hydraulic cylinder 31 shown in FIG. 1, and crushes the electric / electronic component waste that has moved to the outer edge of the crushing table 20 with the crushing table 20. ..

In the present embodiment, a gap S exists between the outer peripheral surface of the crushing table 20 and the inner wall of the housing 10. The electric / electronic component scraps that have fallen downward from the outer edge of the crushing table 20 pass through the gap S and fall into the groove 12. The groove 12 has a circular shape when viewed from above, and a portion thereof is provided with a discharge port for discharging electrical / electronic component waste to the outside of the housing 10.

The scraper 50 is fixed to a part of the crushing table 20, and the lower end portion thereof moves in the groove 12 as the crushing table 20 rotates. The scraper 50 moves in the groove 12 to push the electric / electronic component scraps that have fallen into the groove 12 into the groove 12, and the electric / electronic component scraps are carried from the discharge port provided in a part of the groove 12. Has the function of discharging (sweeping). The detailed configuration of the scraper 50 will be described later. Note that FIG. 1 shows a case where only one scraper 50 is provided on the crushing table 20, but the present invention is not limited to this, and a plurality of scrapers 50 may be provided.

In the vertical crushing device 100 configured as described above, the air taken into the housing 10 by the air intake device 130 is ejected from the gap S, and an updraft is formed in the housing 10. Therefore, the electric / electronic component scraps crushed by the crushing table 20 and the crushing roller 30 into fine powder are further moved in the outer peripheral direction of the crushing table 20 and then blown up by the updraft in the housing 10. Then, the electric / electronic component waste is classified (airflow classification) and carried to the separator 40 provided above, further classified, separated into fine powder and coarse powder, the fine powder is recovered, and the coarse powder is crushed table 20. Is returned to.

Here, the metal component having a large specific density cannot be carried upward by the air flow unless it is finely crushed. Therefore, in the present embodiment, by utilizing this action, only the crushed material of the electric / electronic component waste having a predetermined size and the specific gravity or less is carried upward by the air flow, and the crushed material having a larger size and the specific gravity (uncrushed material) is carried upward. ) Is dropped into the gap S to separate (airflow classification).

The fine powder (electrical / electronic component waste) carried and recovered in the separator 40 is processed in a copper smelting furnace.

On the other hand, the uncrushed material that has not been crushed to fine powder by the crushing table 20 and the crushing roller 30 is discharged to the outside of the housing 10 from the discharge port provided in the groove 12, and is processed in a copper converter.

Next, the scraper 50 will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3. FIG. 2 shows a side view of the scraper 50 (a view of the scraper 50 of FIG. 1 as viewed from the right side).

The scraper 50 is made of a steel material such as SS400, and has a fixing portion 102, a support leg 105, and a sweeping portion 107, as shown in FIG.

The fixing portion 102 has a thin plate-like shape, and through holes 102a through which bolts are passed are formed at two locations. The fixing portion 102 is bolted to the crushing table 20 via the through hole 102a. The upper end portion of the support leg 105 is fixed to the lower surface of the fixing portion 102.

The upper end of the support leg 105 is fixed to the lower surface of the fixing portion 102 by welding. The support leg 105 has a rod-shaped portion 104 having a circular cross section extending in the vertical direction, and a first reinforcement provided on one side of the rod-shaped portion 104 (left side in FIG. 2) and extending downward from the upper end portion of the rod-shaped portion 104. It has a plate 106F and a second reinforcing plate 106R provided on the other side of the rod-shaped portion 104 (on the right side in FIG. 2) and extending downward from the upper end portion of the rod-shaped portion 104. The first and second reinforcing plates 106F and 106R are fixed to the rod-shaped portion 104 by welding or the like. Since the scraper 50 moves in the direction in which the first reinforcing plate 106F exists, the side where the first reinforcing plate 106F exists is the front side in the moving direction, and the side where the second reinforcing plate 106R exists is the rear side in the moving direction. ..

The rod-shaped portion 104 is assumed to have a length of, for example, about 300 to 350 mm. Further, it is assumed that the first reinforcing plate 106F has a length of 1.2 times to 1.8 times that of the second reinforcing plate 106R in the vertical direction. For example, it is assumed that the vertical length of the first reinforcing plate 106F is 150 mm, and the vertical length of the second reinforcing plate 106R is 100 mm. Of the rod-shaped portions 104, the portion where the first reinforcing plate 106F is provided and the portion where the second reinforcing plate 106R is provided have high rigidity.

A wear suppressing member 112 is provided on the front side of the lower end portion of the rod-shaped portion 104 in the moving direction. The wear suppressing member 112 is a member for suppressing the wear of the rod-shaped portion 104, has a V-shaped shape when viewed from above, and is a portion of the rod-shaped portion 104 that is likely to come into contact with an uncrushed material. It is provided so as to cover. The material of the wear suppressing member 112 is also a steel material such as SS400 or a wear-resistant steel plate, like the rod-shaped portion 104.

The sweep-out portion 107 has a plate-shaped portion 109 fixed to the lower end portion of the rod-shaped portion 104, and a block-shaped contact portion 108 provided on the front side (left side in FIG. 2) of the plate-shaped portion 109 in the moving direction. The vertical thickness of the contact portion 108 is set to be thicker than the vertical thickness of the plate-shaped portion 109. The contact portion 108 comes into contact with the unground material existing in the groove 12, and moves the unground material in the moving direction as the scraper 50 moves.

In the scraper 50 configured as described above, in the normal state shown by the solid line in FIG. 3, the lower end of the contact portion 108 is located below the height of the uncrushed material, so that the uncrushed material is moved. It is possible. On the other hand, if a large unground material is sandwiched between the lower surface of the contact portion 108 and the upper surface of the groove 12, a predetermined load may be applied to the contact portion 108 from the front side in the moving direction. Even in such a case, in the present embodiment, the first reinforcing plate 106F and the second reinforcing plate 106R are provided on the front side and the rear side of the rod-shaped portion 104 in the moving direction, and the upper portion of the support leg 105 (the first near the upper end portion) is provided. Since the rigidity of the portion) is higher than that of the lower portion (second portion near the lower end portion), the support leg is formed on the welded surface between the support leg 105 and the fixing portion 102 even when a load is applied from the front side in the moving direction. The 105 can be made to deform downward without breaking. Further, by making the vertical length of the first reinforcing plate 106F longer than the vertical length of the second reinforcing plate 106R, when a load is applied to the support leg 105, the deformation occurs near the point P. As shown by the broken line in FIG. 3, the support leg 105 is deformed so that the sweep-out portion 107 moves rearward.

Even when deformed in this way (deformed state), the lower end of the contact portion 108 is located below the height of the uncrushed material, so the uncrushed material can be moved as in the normal state. be.

According to the present embodiment, even after the deformed state, the operation of the vertical crushing device 100 can be continued as in the normal state without stopping the operation for at least one day.

(About the operation method of the vertical crusher 100)
As described above, in the present embodiment, when a predetermined load is applied to the scraper 50, the scraper 50 is in a deformed state, but since the operation can be continued in the same manner as in the normal state for at least one day, the scraper 50 is not broken. There is no need to constantly monitor.

Therefore, in the vertical crushing apparatus 100 of the present embodiment, the presence or absence of deformation of the scraper 50 is confirmed by a periodic inspection once a day, and if the scraper 50 is deformed, the scraper 50 is replaced. good. At the time of inspection, the shape of the scraper 50 may be confirmed from the inspection port 14 provided in the vicinity of the groove 12 shown in FIG.

When the scraper 50 is extremely deformed and uncrushed material is accumulated in the housing 10, the pressure of the gas (atmosphere) flowing into the housing 10 and the gas discharged from the housing 10 becomes high. There is a difference. Therefore, the pressure between the gas flowing into the housing 10 and the gas discharged from the housing 10 is monitored by a pressure sensor, and when a predetermined pressure difference is reached, the operator or the like is notified. May be good. In this case, since the operator can recognize that the scraper 50 has been deformed by the notification, it is possible to prepare for the replacement of the scraper 50 before the periodic inspection. This makes it possible to shorten the time required for periodic inspection, that is, the operation stop time of the vertical crusher 100.

As described in detail above, according to the present embodiment, the scraper 50 is provided on the crushing table 20 and is supported by the support legs 105 extending toward the groove 12 provided below the outer edge of the crushing table 20. A sweeping portion 107 that is supported by the legs 105, moves in the groove 12 according to the rotation of the crushing table 20, and moves the uncrushed material that has fallen from the crushing table 20 into the groove 12 to the discharge port provided in the groove 12. And, the support leg 105 is deformed so that the sweep-out portion 107 moves backward in the moving direction when a predetermined load is applied from the front in the moving direction. As a result, in the present embodiment, the sweeper portion 107 is deformed when a predetermined load is applied, so that the function of the scraper 50 can be maintained in the same manner as before the deformation. Therefore, even after the scraper 50 is in a deformed state, it is not necessary to stop the operation of the vertical crusher 100 for at least one day, so that it is not necessary to constantly monitor the state of the scraper 50. Further, since it is unlikely that the operation of the vertical crushing device 100 must be stopped immediately due to the breakage of the scraper 50, the operating efficiency of the vertical crushing device 100 can be improved.

Further, in the present embodiment, since the rigidity in the vicinity of the upper end portion (first portion) of the support leg 105 is set higher than that in the vicinity of the lower end portion (second portion), the support leg 105 is located between the support leg 105 and the fixed portion 102. It is possible to prevent the welded surface from breaking.

Further, in the present embodiment, the rod-shaped portion 104 in which the support legs 105 extend in the vertical direction and the first reinforcing plate 106F extending downward from the upper end portion of the rod-shaped portion 104 provided on the front side in the moving direction of the rod-shaped portion 104 And a second reinforcing plate 106R extending downward from the upper end portion of the rod-shaped portion 104, which is provided on the rear side in the moving direction of the rod-shaped portion 104. As a result, the rigidity of the vicinity of the upper end portion (first portion) of the support leg 105 is reduced to the vicinity of the lower end portion (first portion) by a simple method of fixing the first and second reinforcing plates 106F and 106R to the rod-shaped portion 104 by welding or the like. It can be set higher than 2 parts).

Further, in the present embodiment, the vertical dimension of the first reinforcing plate 106F is set longer than the vertical dimension of the second reinforcing plate 106R. As a result, the support leg 105 can be deformed at an appropriate position (near the point P in FIG. 3) with a simple configuration. An appropriate place is a place where the sweeping ability of the sweeping portion 107 can be maintained at a certain level or more even after the support leg 105 is deformed at the spot.

Further, a wear suppressing member 112 that suppresses wear of the support leg 105 (rod-shaped portion 104) is provided on the front side of the lower end portion of the support leg 105 of the present embodiment in the moving direction. As a result, it is possible to prevent the rod-shaped portion 104 from being worn and broken due to contact between the rod-shaped portion 104 and the unground material. Further, in the present embodiment, since the wear suppressing member 112 is provided in the minimum necessary range of the rod-shaped portion 104, it is possible to suppress the wear suppressing member 112 from acting so as to prevent the deformation of the support leg 105. can.

Further, in the present embodiment, the vertical crusher is periodically inspected at predetermined time intervals (for example, every day), and when the scraper 50 is found to be deformed by the periodic inspection, the scraper is replaced. As a result, the operation efficiency can be improved as compared with the case where the operation is stopped every time the scraper 50 is broken. Further, even if the scraper 50 is deformed at night or on holidays, it is not necessary to immediately stop the operation of the vertical crusher 100, so that the burden on the operator can be reduced.

In the above embodiment, the case where the first reinforcing plate 106F and the second reinforcing plate 106R are provided on the rod-shaped portion 104 in order to cause the support legs 105 to be deformed when a predetermined load is applied. As explained, it is not limited to this. For example, the rigidity may be different by changing the materials of the front side and the rear side of the support leg 105 in the moving direction. Further, by forming a part of the support leg 105 on the rear side in the moving direction with a material having low strength, the deformation as shown in FIG. 3 may be easily generated.

In the above embodiment, in order to set the rigidity in the vicinity of the upper end portion (first portion) of the support leg 105 to be higher than that in the vicinity of the lower end portion (second portion), the rod-shaped portion 104 has the first and second reinforcing plates. Although the case where 106F and 106R are provided has been described, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the rigidity of the first portion is set higher than that of the second portion by forming the diameter of the vicinity of the upper end portion (first portion) of the support leg 105 to be thicker than that of the vicinity of the lower end portion (second portion). Alternatively, the rigidity of the first portion may be set higher than that of the second portion by other configurations.

In the above embodiment, the case where the object to be crushed by the vertical crushing device is electric / electronic component waste has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this. That is, as long as it is an object to be crushed that contains copper wire scraps, large lumps of metal, or the like, it may be an object to be crushed other than electrical / electronic component scraps.

The embodiments described above are examples of preferred embodiments of the present invention. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and various modifications can be made without departing from the gist of the present invention.

10 Housing 12 Groove 20 Crushing table 30 Crushing roller 50 Scraper 100 Vertical crushing device 104 Rod-shaped part 105 Support legs 107 Sweeping part 106F First reinforcing plate 106R Second reinforcing plate 112 Wear suppression member

Claims (7)

A scraper provided in a vertical crusher that crushes an object to be crushed on a crushing table.
A support leg provided on the crushing table and extending toward a groove provided below the outer edge of the crushing table.
Sweeping that is supported by the support legs, moves in the groove according to the rotation of the crushing table, and moves the crushing object that has fallen into the groove from the crushing table to the discharge port provided in the groove. With a department,
The support legs have a rod-shaped portion extending in the vertical direction, a first reinforcing plate provided on the front side of the rod-shaped portion in the moving direction, and extending downward from the upper end portion of the rod-shaped portion, and the moving direction of the rod-shaped portion. It has a second reinforcing plate provided on the rear side and extending downward from the upper end portion of the rod-shaped portion, and the first portion near the upper end portion of the support leg is the lower end of the support leg. The rigidity is higher than that of the second portion in the vicinity of the portion, and when a predetermined load is applied from the front in the moving direction of the support leg, the sweeping portion is deformed so as to move to the rear in the moving direction of the support leg. Scraper. The scraper according to claim 1 , wherein the vertical dimension of the first reinforcing plate is longer than the vertical dimension of the second reinforcing plate. The scraper according to claim 2 , wherein the vertical dimension of the first reinforcing plate is 1.2 times to 1.8 times the vertical dimension of the second reinforcing plate. The scraper according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein a wear suppressing member for suppressing wear of the support leg is provided in the vicinity of the sweep-out portion on the front side in the moving direction of the support leg. .. A crushing table provided in the housing and driven to rotate at a predetermined speed by a drive device,
A crushing roller that crushes the crushed object put on the crushing table, and
A vertical crushing apparatus provided on the crushing table, comprising the scraper according to any one of claims 1 to 4 . The step of performing a periodic inspection of the vertical crushing device according to claim 5 at predetermined time intervals, and
A method for operating a vertical crusher, comprising a step of replacing the scraper when a deformation of the scraper is found by the periodic inspection. A step of detecting a pressure difference between the gas flowing into the housing and the gas discharged from the housing, and
The method for operating a vertical crusher according to claim 6 , further comprising a step of preparing for replacement of the scraper based on the pressure difference.

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