JP6980503B2 - Laminated rubber bearings - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a laminated rubber bearing provided as a seismic isolation device in a structure such as a building, and particularly to a laminated rubber bearing designed to reduce horizontal rigidity.

Laminated rubber bearings are made of laminated rubber made by alternately laminating multiple rubber plates and multiple steel plates to obtain a high support function against vertical loads, and because of their low horizontal rigidity, they flexibly deform against horizontal loads to form a building. By lengthening the cycle, the seismic isolation function is exhibited. The laminated rubber support is also used for the TMD (Tuned Mass Damper) mechanism installed on the roof of a building. In that case, the TMD mechanism is lengthened and the natural frequency of the additional vibration system including the TMD mechanism is set in the building. By synchronizing with the natural frequency of the TMD mechanism, the vibration damping function of the TMD mechanism is exerted.

On the other hand, assuming long-period vibrations of skyscrapers due to a huge earthquake, it is required to further extend the period of buildings and TMD mechanisms. On the other hand, the current laminated rubber bearings are composed of two layers in which the total thickness of the rubber is increased even when the G3 laminated rubber having the lowest shear elastic modulus is used as the laminated rubber or when it is used for the TMD mechanism. Even in this case, since it has a certain level of horizontal rigidity or more, there is a limit to sufficiently lengthening a building or the like with only laminated rubber bearings. Further, when the above-mentioned laminated rubber is composed of two layers, buckling is likely to occur with respect to a vertical load. For this reason, in addition to laminated rubber bearings, low friction sliding bearings and rolling bearings having a very small coefficient of friction have been conventionally used in combination, and are disclosed in, for example, Patent Document 1.

This Patent Document 1 relates to a seismic isolation device for a building. In this seismic isolation device, a laminated rubber bearing having a normal configuration and a sliding bearing having the following configuration are used together between the superstructure and the substructure of the building. The sliding support has the same height as the laminated rubber support, and the upper and lower members fixed to the upper and lower structures of the building, the sliding plate fixed to the lower member, and the upper and lower members. It is composed of a vertical rigidity adjusting part and a horizontal rigidity adjusting part for adjusting the vertical rigidity and the horizontal rigidity, respectively, and a sliding material fixed to the lower end of the horizontal rigidity adjusting part and in contact with the sliding plate. There is. The vertical rigidity adjusting unit and the horizontal rigidity adjusting unit each have a laminated rubber having the same structure as the laminated rubber bearing. Further, the vertical rigidity adjusting portion is provided with a shear pin for limiting the movement of its own laminated rubber.

JP-A-2017-9063

The conventional seismic isolation device described above uses both a laminated rubber bearing and a sliding bearing, and the sliding bearing has a large number of components as described above, and is compared with the laminated rubber bearing. The configuration is complicated and expensive. This is also generally true for existing low friction sliding bearings and rolling bearings. In addition, low friction sliding bearings and rolling bearings do not operate until the horizontal load exceeds the friction force (friction coefficient x supporting load), and do not exhibit seismic isolation effect or tuning effect when applied to the TMD mechanism. It cannot be effectively used for small and medium-sized earthquakes with small input.

The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and is to be installed by reducing the horizontal rigidity while maintaining a stable support function against a vertical load while having a simple and inexpensive configuration. It is an object of the present invention to provide a laminated rubber bearing that can realize a long period of.

In order to achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 1 is a laminated rubber support provided between the upper structure and the lower structure to be installed, and the laminated body unit and the laminated body unit are divided into the upper structure and the lower part. The laminated body unit is provided with an upper flange plate and a lower flange plate for mounting on the structure, respectively, and a plurality of rubber layers and a plurality of rigid layers are alternately laminated in the vertical direction and opened upward and downward, respectively. The tubular laminate with upper and lower openings and the upper and lower openings of the laminate are sealed, and a liquid-tight fluid chamber is defined inside the laminate, which is connected to the upper and lower flange plates, respectively. It is equipped with an upper sealing plate and a lower sealing plate, and water as a low-viscosity fluid filled and enclosed in a fluid chamber in order to maintain the vertical rigidity of the laminated rubber support and reduce the horizontal rigidity . Arranged in the fluid chamber, it operates when the horizontal deformation amount, which is the horizontal relative displacement amount between the upper sealing plate and the lower sealing plate, reaches a predetermined amount, and is used to suppress further increase in the horizontal deformation amount. A deformation suppressing mechanism is further provided, and the deformation suppressing mechanism is provided at a position adjacent to the laminated body of the lower sealing plate, and the annular contact portion protruding upward and the upper end portion are connected to the upper sealing plate to enter the fluid chamber. extends downwardly, when the amount of horizontal deformation has reached a predetermined amount, characterized Rukoto to have a, a stopper abutting on the abutting portion of the lower sealing plate.

The laminated rubber bearing of the present invention is provided between the upper structure and the lower structure to be installed, and the laminated body unit and the upper flange plate and the lower flange for attaching the laminated body unit to the upper structure and the lower structure, respectively. It is equipped with a board. The laminated body unit includes a tubular laminated body in which a plurality of rubber layers and a plurality of rigid layers are alternately laminated in the vertical direction. Further, the laminated body unit is provided with an upper sealing plate and a lower sealing plate that seal the upper and lower openings of the laminated body, respectively, and define a liquid-tight fluid chamber inside the laminated body, and these upper sealing plates and lower sealing plates are provided. The plates are connected to the upper flange plate and the lower flange plate, respectively. Further, the fluid chamber is filled with water as a low- viscosity fluid and sealed.

According to the laminated rubber bearing having the above configuration, the fluid chamber inside the laminate defined by the upper sealing plate and the lower sealing plate is filled with water as a low-viscosity fluid and sealed, so that a vertical load is applied. When (axial force) acts, the enclosed water behaves integrally with the laminated body and the upper and lower sealing plates by being restrained. As a result, high vertical rigidity is maintained as a whole of the laminated rubber bearing, and a high support function can be exhibited against a vertical load.

In addition, since the laminated body is tubular, the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the fluid chamber to the cross-sectional area (horizontal cross-sectional area) of the entire laminated rubber bearing including the laminated body and the fluid chamber is relatively high, and the fluid chamber has a relatively high ratio. Since the viscosity of the enclosed fluid is low, the horizontal rigidity of the laminated rubber bearing can be reduced. As a result, when a horizontal load is applied to the laminated rubber bearings during an earthquake, the laminated rubber bearings are softly and greatly deformed in the horizontal direction, which realizes a longer period for installation targets such as buildings and higher seismic isolation. Functions can be obtained.

Further, as a result of achieving low horizontal rigidity as described above, it is possible to reduce the relative length in the vertical direction with respect to the horizontal length of the laminated rubber support, thereby causing horizontal deformation. Even when the amount is large, the installation target can be safely supported without causing buckling against a vertical load.
A deformation suppressing mechanism is arranged in the fluid chamber. Until the horizontal deformation amount, which is the horizontal relative displacement between the upper sealing plate and the lower sealing plate, reaches a predetermined amount, this deformation suppressing mechanism does not operate, and the low horizontal rigidity of the laminated rubber bearing is maintained. , It is possible to obtain effects such as lengthening the period of the installation target. On the other hand, when the horizontal deformation amount reaches a predetermined amount, the deformation suppressing mechanism is activated to suppress further increase in the horizontal deformation amount. As a result, excessive horizontal deformation of the laminated rubber bearing can be prevented, and adverse effects due to excessive horizontal deformation, for example, buckling due to a vertical load can be avoided.
Further, the deformation suppressing mechanism has an annular contact portion provided on the lower sealing plate and a stopper whose upper end is connected to the upper sealing plate and extends downward in the fluid chamber, so that the amount of horizontal deformation is a predetermined amount. When it reaches, the stopper comes into contact with the contact portion. As a result, the stop function of the stopper suppresses a further increase in the amount of horizontal deformation, and excessive horizontal deformation of the laminated rubber bearing can be prevented.

The invention according to claim 2 is characterized in that, in the laminated rubber bearing according to claim 1 , the stopper is made of a predetermined metal material that can be plastically deformed by contact with the contact portion of the lower sealing plate. And.

According to this configuration, the stopper is made of a predetermined metal material and is plastically deformed by abutting on the contact portion of the lower sealing plate. By absorbing energy by plasticizing the stopper, the amount of horizontal deformation can be further suppressed. Further, since the stopper is constantly immersed in the enclosed water in the fluid chamber, the stopper whose temperature rises due to the absorption of energy due to plasticization can be cooled by the enclosed water. As a result, when the vibration energy repeatedly acts, the deterioration of the damping performance due to the temperature rise of the stopper due to the energy absorption can be satisfactorily suppressed while using the enclosed water.

The invention according to claim 3, in the laminated rubber bearing according to claim 1, deformation suppressing mechanism is mounted on the contact portion of the lower cover plate, further a friction plate of the annular mounted at a predetermined tightening state When the horizontal deformation amount reaches a second predetermined amount smaller than the predetermined amount, the friction plate is pressed by the stopper that abuts so that the friction plate slides within a predetermined range with respect to the abutting portion. It is characterized by being configured in.

According to this configuration, the deformation suppressing mechanism further has an annular friction plate, which is placed on the contact portion of the lower sealing plate and attached in a predetermined tightening state. Then, when the horizontal deformation amount reaches a second predetermined amount smaller than the predetermined amount, the stopper abuts on the friction plate and presses the friction plate so that the friction plate comes into contact with the abutting portion within a predetermined range. Sliding. As a result, a frictional force (friction resistance) is generated between the friction plate and the contact portion, and energy is absorbed by this frictional force, so that the amount of horizontal deformation can be further suppressed. Further, the stopper whose temperature rises due to the absorption of energy due to this frictional force can be cooled by the enclosed water . Therefore, when the vibration energy repeatedly acts, the decrease in the frictional force due to the temperature rise of the stopper can be reduced while using the enclosed water. It can be suppressed well.

The invention according to claim 4, in the laminated rubber bearing according to claim 1, the stopper includes a stretchable elastic material in the vertical direction, the sliding member disposed at a lower end face abutment of the lower sealing plate The portion is inclined diagonally upward in the radial direction, and is characterized by having an inclined surface to which the sliding member of the stopper comes into contact when the amount of horizontal deformation reaches a predetermined amount.

According to this configuration, when the horizontal deformation amount reaches a predetermined amount, the sliding material arranged on the lower end surface of the stopper abuts on the inclined surface of the contact portion of the lower sealing plate, and the horizontal deformation amount increases. Along with this, the sliding material slides diagonally upward on the inclined surface while receiving the reaction force of the compressed elastic body. As a result, a frictional force is generated between the sliding material and the inclined surface, and energy is absorbed by this frictional force, so that the amount of horizontal deformation can be suppressed. Further, the stopper whose temperature rises due to the absorption of energy due to this frictional force can be cooled by the enclosed water . Therefore, when the vibration energy repeatedly acts, the decrease in the frictional force due to the temperature rise of the stopper can be reduced while using the enclosed water. It can be suppressed well.

The invention according to claim 5 is a laminated rubber support provided between the upper structure and the lower structure to be installed, and the laminated body unit and the upper flange plate for attaching the laminated body unit to the upper structure and the lower structure, respectively. The laminated body unit is provided with a lower flange plate, and a plurality of rubber layers and a plurality of rigid layers are alternately laminated in the vertical direction, and a tubular laminate having upper and lower openings that open upward and downward, respectively. The body and the upper and lower openings of the laminated body are sealed, and a liquid-tight fluid chamber is defined inside the laminated body. In order to maintain the vertical rigidity of the laminated rubber support and reduce the horizontal rigidity, the fluid chamber is filled with water as a sealed low-viscosity fluid, which is placed in the fluid chamber and is placed in the upper sealing plate. It operates when the horizontal deformation amount, which is the amount of horizontal relative displacement between the lower sealing plate and the lower sealing plate, reaches a predetermined amount, and is further equipped with a deformation suppressing mechanism for suppressing a further increase in the horizontal deformation amount to suppress deformation. The mechanism has a fluid damper arranged in a fluid chamber, and the fluid damper is connected to a cylinder connected to one of the upper sealing plate and the lower sealing plate and to the other of the upper sealing plate and the lower sealing plate, and is inside the cylinder. The inside of the cylinder is divided into a first fluid chamber and a second fluid chamber, and when the amount of horizontal deformation is less than a predetermined amount, it is located in a predetermined inner section including a neutral position and is horizontally deformed. A piston located outside the inner section when the amount is greater than or equal to a predetermined amount, working fluid filled in the first and second fluid chambers, and bypassing the piston when the piston is located inside the inner section. It is characterized by having a communication passage for communicating the first and second fluid chambers with each other.

In this configuration, the deformation suppression mechanism has a fluid damper arranged in the fluid chamber, and the fluid damper has a cylinder, a piston, a working fluid and a communication passage as described above. According to this fluid damper, when the laminated rubber support is deformed in the horizontal direction, the distance between the connecting portion of the upper sealing plate and the lower sealing plate to which the cylinder and the piston are connected changes, so that the piston is neutral to the cylinder. It slides from position and compresses the working fluid filled in one of the first and second fluid chambers partitioned on both sides of the piston.

When this amount of horizontal deformation is less than a predetermined amount, the piston is located within a predetermined inner section, so that the first and second fluid chambers communicate with each other by a communication passage, and the working fluid communicates with each other through the communication passages of the first and second fluid chambers. It flows from one of the second fluid chambers to the other and the pressure is released. As a result, in this state, only a small viscous resistance is generated due to the flow of the working fluid, so that the low horizontal rigidity of the laminated rubber bearing is maintained.

On the other hand, when the amount of horizontal deformation exceeds a predetermined amount, the piston is located outside the inner section, so that the flow of the working fluid through the communication passage is blocked and the working fluid is confined in one of the first and second fluid chambers. Be done. As a result, the pressure in one of the fluid chambers rises sharply and the movement of the piston is prevented, so that further increase in the amount of horizontal deformation is suppressed, and excessive horizontal deformation of the laminated rubber bearing can be prevented. ..

It is a perspective view which shows the laminated rubber bearing by 1st Embodiment of this invention in a part cutout state. It is sectional drawing of the laminated rubber bearing by 1st Embodiment. It is a figure which shows the restoring force characteristic (relationship between a horizontal deformation amount and a horizontal resistance force) of the laminated rubber bearing of FIG. It is sectional drawing of the laminated rubber bearing by 2nd Embodiment. It is a figure for demonstrating the operation of the laminated rubber bearing of FIG. It is a figure which shows the restoring force characteristic of the laminated rubber bearing of FIG. It is sectional drawing of the laminated rubber bearing by 1st modification of 2nd Embodiment. It is a top view of the friction ring used for the laminated rubber bearing of FIG. 7. It is a figure for demonstrating the operation of the laminated rubber bearing of FIG. It is a figure which shows the restoring force characteristic of the laminated rubber bearing of FIG. It is a top view of the friction ring different from FIG. It is a figure which shows the restoring force characteristic of the laminated rubber bearing of FIG. 7 when the friction ring of FIG. 11 is used. It is sectional drawing of the laminated rubber bearing by the 2nd modification of 2nd Embodiment. It is sectional drawing of the laminated rubber bearing according to 3rd Embodiment.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. The laminated rubber bearing 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 is installed as a seismic isolation device between, for example, an upper structure of a high-rise building and a lower structure such as the ground (neither is shown). Is to be done.

As shown in FIG. 1, the laminated rubber bearing 1 is composed of a columnar laminated body unit 2 and rectangular upper and lower flange steel plates 3 and 3 fixed to the upper and lower sides of the laminated body unit 2 for mounting on a building. The surface of the laminated body unit 2 is covered with a protective covering rubber 4. For convenience of illustration, the reference numerals of the detailed components are omitted in FIG. 1, and the hatching of the covering rubber 4 and the detailed components is omitted in the cross-sectional view described later.

As shown in FIG. 2, the laminated body unit 2 is provided in a cylindrical laminated body 5, an upper sealing plate 6 and a lower sealing plate 7 for sealing the upper and lower sides of the laminated body 5, respectively, and a fluid chamber 8 in the laminated body 5. It includes an enclosed low-viscosity fluid F and the like.

The laminated body 5 is formed by alternately laminating a plurality of natural rubber layers 9 and a plurality of intermediate steel plates 10 in the vertical direction, as in the case of ordinary laminated rubber bearings. Further, the laminated body 5 has upper and lower openings 5a and 5b that are opened upward and downward, respectively, and is formed as a whole in the shape of a short cylinder short in the vertical direction. A relatively thick annular connecting steel plate 11 is fixed to the upper and lower surfaces of the laminated body 5, respectively.

The upper and lower sealing plates 6 and 7 are each made of a steel plate, and have the same thickness as the connecting steel plate 11 and an outer diameter substantially equal to the inner diameter of the connecting steel plate 11. The upper sealing plate 6 is fitted into the upper connecting steel plate 11 via a sealing material 12, and a sealing ring 13 is attached to the boundary portion between the upper sealing plate 6 and the laminated body 5 and the connecting steel plate 11. As a result, the upper opening 5a of the laminated body 5 is sealed by the upper sealing plate 6.

Similarly, the lower sealing plate 7 is fitted into the lower connecting steel plate 11 via the sealing material 12, and a sealing ring 13 is attached to the boundary portion between the lower sealing plate 7 and the laminate 5 and the connecting steel plate 11. As a result, the lower opening 5b of the laminated body 5 is sealed by the lower sealing plate 7. With the above configuration, the liquid-tight fluid chamber 8 is defined inside the laminated body 5 by the upper sealing plate 6 and the lower sealing plate 7.

The low-viscosity fluid F is enclosed in the fluid chamber 8 in a filled state. The low-viscosity fluid F is preferably as low in viscosity as possible and has a Poisson's ratio (for example, 0.49) equivalent to that of the rubber constituting the natural rubber layer 9 of the laminated body 5, and is preferably composed of, for example, water. ..

Further, the upper and lower flange steel plates 3 and 3 are fixed to the portion of the connecting steel plate 11 of the laminated body unit 2 with a plurality of bolts 14. The laminated rubber bearing 1 having the above configuration is fixed to the superstructure and the lower structure of the building by bolts (not shown) passed through the bolt holes 3a of each flange steel plate 3, and is installed between them.

According to the laminated rubber bearing 1 having the above configuration, the low-viscosity fluid F is filled and sealed in the fluid chamber 8 in the laminated body 5 defined by the upper sealing plate 6 and the lower sealing plate 7. When a vertical load (axial force) is applied, the low-viscosity fluid F behaves integrally with the laminated body 5 and the upper and lower sealing plates 6 and 7 by being restrained. Further, since the low-viscosity fluid F has the same Poisson's ratio as the rubber layer of the laminated body 5, there is a difference in the deformation characteristics between the laminated body 5 and the low-viscosity fluid F when a vertical load is applied to the laminated rubber bearing 1. It becomes smaller. As a result, the generation of internal stress due to this difference in deformation characteristics is suppressed, and the integrity of the laminated body 5 and the low-viscosity fluid F is enhanced. As a result, the laminated rubber bearing 1 as a whole maintains high vertical rigidity and can exhibit a high support function against a vertical load.

Further, since the laminated body 5 has a tubular shape, the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the fluid chamber 8 to the cross-sectional area (horizontal cross-sectional area) of the entire laminated body unit 2 including the laminated body 5 and the fluid chamber 8 is relatively high. Since the viscosity of the low-viscosity fluid F enclosed in the fluid chamber 8 is very low, the horizontal rigidity of the laminated rubber support 1 can be reduced. As a result, as shown in FIG. 3, for example, when a horizontal load is applied to the laminated rubber bearing 1 at the time of an earthquake or the like, a large horizontal deformation amount (upper sealing plate 6 and lower sealing plate 6) is obtained while the horizontal resistance force FH is small. (Horizontal relative displacement between 7 and 7) DH is obtained, and the laminated rubber bearing 1 is softly and greatly deformed in the horizontal direction. As a result, the period of the building can be extended, and a higher seismic isolation function can be exhibited.

Further, as a result of realizing low horizontal rigidity as described above, the laminated body unit 2 is formed in a short tubular shape, and the length in the vertical direction relative to the horizontal length of the laminated rubber support 1 is set. It can be made smaller, so that the building can be safely supported without buckling with respect to the vertical load even when the horizontal deformation amount DH is large.

Next, the laminated rubber bearing 21 according to the second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 to 6. As is clear from the comparison with FIG. 2, this laminated rubber bearing 21 has a stopper and energy absorption mechanism 22 as a deformation suppressing mechanism for suppressing excessive deformation of the laminated rubber bearing 1 of the first embodiment. Is added. Hereinafter, the components of the laminated rubber bearing 21 common to those of the first embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals in FIG. 4, and the configuration of the stopper / energy absorption mechanism 22 will be mainly described.

The stopper / energy absorption mechanism 22 is provided with a stopper 23, and a connecting steel plate 24 and a contact steel plate 25 are integrally provided at both ends thereof. The stopper 23 is made of a predetermined metal material capable of plastic deformation, for example, lead or tin usually used as a metal plug of a laminated rubber bearing, and is formed in a thick rod shape.

The connecting steel plate 24 and the contact steel plate 25 are each composed of a relatively thick disk having a diameter larger than that of the stopper 23. The connecting steel plate 24 is fitted into the recess 6a formed in the center of the lower surface of the upper sealing plate 6 via the sealing material 26, and is fixed to the upper sealing plate 6 by the bolt 27, whereby the stopper 23 is at the upper end. The portion is connected to the upper sealing plate 6 via the connecting steel plate 24, and extends downward in the fluid chamber 8.

On the other hand, on the upper surface of the lower sealing plate 7, circular recesses 7a are formed concentrically over almost the entire surface, and the contact steel plate 25 is partially inserted into the recesses 7a. Further, the remaining portion of the lower sealing plate 7 in which the recess 7a is not formed is an annular contact portion 7b protruding upward, and at the neutral position shown in FIG. 4, the outer peripheral surface of the contact steel plate 25 is formed. A gap having a size of a predetermined amount G is formed between the contact portion 7b and the inner peripheral surface.

Next, the operation of the laminated rubber bearing 21 having the above configuration will be described with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6. First, when a horizontal load acts on the laminated rubber bearing 21 in the right direction of FIG. 5, for example, the laminated body unit 2 is deformed in the same direction from the neutral position (horizontal deformation amount DH = 0) shown in FIG. 5 (a). Until the horizontal deformation amount DH reaches a predetermined amount G, which is the size of the gap, the stopper 23 only moves in the low-viscosity fluid F in the fluid chamber 8, and the viscous resistance due to this is very small. Therefore, low horizontal rigidity almost the same as that of the laminated rubber bearing 1 of the first embodiment described above can be obtained (points a to b in FIG. 6), and the building can be lengthened to achieve a high seismic isolation function. Can be demonstrated.

When the horizontal deformation amount DH reaches a predetermined amount G, the contact steel plate 25 comes into contact with the contact portion 7b (FIG. 5B), so that the movement of the contact steel plate 25 is prevented, and the horizontal deformation due to the stop function thereof. The amount DH is suppressed (points b to c in FIG. 6). When the horizontal deformation amount DH is further increased, the stopper 23 made of lead or tin is plastically deformed (points c to d in FIG. 5 (c)), and energy is absorbed by the plasticization of the stopper 23. , The horizontal deformation amount DH is further suppressed. As described above, the horizontal deformation amount DH is suppressed in two stages by the stop function of the stopper 23 and the energy absorption function by plasticization, so that excessive horizontal deformation of the laminated rubber bearing 21 can be prevented.

After that, when the horizontal load decreases, the horizontal resistance force FH decreases and the horizontal deformation amount DH decreases accordingly. After the contact steel plate 25 is separated from the contact portion 7b as the horizontal deformation amount DH decreases, the horizontal deformation amount DH decreases by following the same path as when increasing, and returns to the neutral position (FIG. FIG. 5 (d), point e in FIG. In this state, the plasticized stopper 23 undergoes residual deformation, whereas the laminated body 5 having a gap between the stopper 23 and the stopper 23 is not affected by the stopper 23, so that there is an advantage that the residual deformation does not occur. ..

Further, in the laminated rubber support 21 of the present embodiment, the stopper 23 is constantly immersed in the low-viscosity fluid F in the fluid chamber 8, so that the stopper 23 whose temperature rises with the absorption of energy due to plasticization is low. It is cooled by the viscous fluid F. As a result, when the vibration energy repeatedly acts, the deterioration of the damping performance due to the temperature rise of the stopper 23 due to the energy absorption can be satisfactorily suppressed while using the low-viscosity fluid F.

In the laminated rubber bearing 21, a velocity-dependent viscous damping effect is generated by the stopper 23 moving in the low-viscosity fluid F during horizontal deformation, but as described above, this viscous damping effect is very small. Therefore, it is omitted in FIG. This also applies to the same type of figure showing the restoring force characteristics of other embodiments described later.

Next, the laminated rubber bearing 31 according to the first modification of the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 7 to 10. The laminated rubber bearing 31 has a different configuration of the stopper / energy absorption mechanism 32 as compared with the laminated rubber bearing 21 of the second embodiment. Hereinafter, the components of the laminated rubber bearing 31 common to the second embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals in FIG. 7, and the configuration of the stopper / energy absorption mechanism 32 will be mainly described.

The stopper / energy absorption mechanism 32 includes a stopper 33, and a connecting steel plate 34 is integrally provided at one end thereof. While the stopper 23 of the second embodiment is made of a metal material such as lead or tin, the stopper 33 is made of a material having high rigidity, for example, iron.

The connecting steel plate 34 is composed of a relatively thick disk having a diameter larger than that of the stopper 33. The connecting steel plate 34 is fitted into the recess 6a formed in the center of the lower surface of the upper sealing plate 6 via the sealing material 26, and is fixed to the upper sealing plate 6 by the bolt 27, whereby the stopper 33 is at the upper end. The portion is connected to the upper sealing plate 6 via the connecting steel plate 34, and extends downward in the fluid chamber 8.

On the other hand, on the upper surface of the lower sealing plate 7, circular recesses 7c having a diameter slightly smaller than that of the recess 7a of the second embodiment are formed concentrically, and the rest of the lower sealing plate 7 in which the recesses 7c are not formed. The portion is an annular contact portion 7d protruding upward.

Further, a friction ring 38 is attached to the upper surface of the contact portion 7d of the lower sealing plate 7. As shown in FIG. 8, the friction ring 38 has large concentric circular holes 38a, the diameter of which is smaller than the diameter of the recess 7c of the lower sealing plate 7. Further, the friction ring 38 is formed with a plurality of (eight in this example) circular bolt holes 38b at equal intervals in the circumferential direction.

The friction ring 38 is attached to the lower sealing plate 7 in a state where a bolt 39 passed through each bolt hole 38b from above is screwed into an abutting portion 7d via a washer (not shown) and tightened with a predetermined tightening force. Has been done. In this state, the circular hole 38a of the friction ring 38 and the recess 7c of the lower sealing plate 7 are concentric with each other, and each bolt 39 is located at the center of the bolt hole 38b and has a predetermined amount of play with respect to the bolt hole 38b. Are engaged with.

Further, the stopper 33 passes through the circular hole 38a of the friction ring 38 and extends to the middle of the recess 7c of the lower sealing plate 7, and at the neutral position shown in FIG. 7, the outer peripheral surface of the stopper 33 and the inside of the contact portion 7b. A gap of the first predetermined amount G1 is formed between the peripheral surface and the peripheral surface, and a second predetermined amount smaller than the first predetermined amount G1 is formed between the outer peripheral surface of the stopper 33 and the edge of the circular hole 38a of the friction ring 38. A G2 gap is formed.

Next, the operation of the laminated rubber bearing 31 having the above configuration will be described with reference to FIGS. 9 and 10. When a horizontal load acts on the laminated rubber bearing 31, the laminated body unit 2 is deformed in the horizontal direction from a neutral position (not shown). Until the horizontal deformation amount DH reaches the second predetermined amount G2, the stopper 33 only moves the low-viscosity fluid F in the fluid chamber 8, and the viscous resistance due to the movement is very small. Low horizontal rigidity almost the same as that of bearing 1 can be obtained (points a to b in FIG. 10).

When the horizontal deformation amount DH reaches the second predetermined amount G2, the stopper 33 comes into contact with the edge of the circular hole 38a of the friction ring 38 and presses the friction ring 38 (FIG. 9A). Along with this, a frictional force is generated between the upper surface of the contact portion 7d and the lower surface of the friction ring 38 (point b in FIG. 10), and when the horizontal load exceeds the maximum frictional force, the friction ring 38 slides. It starts to move (point c in FIG. 10). During this time, energy is absorbed by the frictional force between the contact portion 7d and the friction ring 38, so that the horizontal deformation amount DH is suppressed (points b to c in FIG. 10).

When the horizontal deformation amount DH further increases and reaches the first predetermined amount G1, the edge of the circular hole 38b of the friction ring 38 comes into contact with the bolt 39, so that the sliding of the friction ring 38 is completed and the stopper 33 is released at the same time. It abuts on the abutting portion 7d (point d in FIG. 9B, FIG. 10). As a result, the movement of the stopper 33 is blocked, and the horizontal deformation amount DH is suppressed by the stop function (points d to e in FIGS. 9 (c) and 10).

As described above, the horizontal deformation amount DH is suppressed in two stages by the energy absorption function and the stop function by the frictional force of the stopper 33 and the friction ring 38, thereby preventing excessive horizontal deformation of the laminated rubber bearing 31. Can be done. Further, since the friction ring 38 whose temperature rises due to the absorption of energy due to the frictional force is cooled by the low-viscosity fluid F, the frictional force due to the temperature rise of the friction ring 38 due to the energy absorption when the vibration energy repeatedly acts. Can be satisfactorily suppressed while using the low-viscosity fluid F.

FIG. 11 shows another example of a friction ring. As shown in the figure, in this friction ring 38A, eight bolt holes 38c (38c1, 38c2, 38c3) through which bolts 39 are passed are composed of elongated holes extending in the same direction with each other. Specifically, the pair of bolt holes 38c1 and 38c1 facing in the radial direction extend in the radial direction, and the pair of bolt holes 38c2 and 38c2 facing in the direction orthogonal to the bolt holes 38c1 and 38c2 extend in the direction orthogonal to the radial direction. The four bolt holes 38c3 of the above extend diagonally with respect to the radial direction. Hereinafter, the extending direction of the bolt hole 38c is referred to as "first direction", and the direction orthogonal to this is referred to as "second direction".

The friction ring 38A is attached to the contact portion 7d of the lower sealing plate 7 in the same manner as the friction ring 38 of FIG. 8 via a bolt 39 passed through each bolt hole 38c. In this state, each bolt 39 is located at the center of the bolt hole 38c, has a predetermined amount of play on both sides of the bolt hole 38c in the length direction, and engages with the bolt hole 38c in a state where there is no play in the width direction. It fits.

According to this configuration, when a horizontal load acts in the first direction (direction of arrow A in FIG. 11) and the friction ring 38A is pressed by the stopper 33 in the same direction, the friction ring 38A extends in the first direction. Through each bolt hole 38c, the bolt 39 slides with respect to the contact portion 7d by the amount of play. Therefore, the restoring force characteristics in the case of the friction ring 38 shown in FIG. 10 can be obtained in the same manner.

On the other hand, when the horizontal load acts in the second direction (direction of arrow B in FIG. 11) and the friction ring 38A is pressed by the stopper 33 in the same direction, there is no play of the bolt 39 with respect to each bolt hole 38c. , The friction ring 38A cannot slide with respect to the contact portion 7d. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 12, the stop function of the stopper 33 is exhibited from the time when the horizontal deformation amount DH reaches the second predetermined amount G2 and the stopper 33 comes into contact with the friction ring 38A (point b in FIG. 12). Will be done. As a result, the horizontal deformation amount DH becomes smaller (points b to c in FIG. 12) as compared with the case where the horizontal load acts in the first direction, and the horizontal deformation of the laminated rubber bearing 31 is further suppressed.

As described above, the restoring force characteristics of the laminated rubber bearing 31 can be different depending on whether the horizontal load acts in the first direction or the second direction. Therefore, for example, when the amount of displacement allowed for the seismic isolation device differs depending on the direction due to the planar shape of the building or the positional relationship with the adjacent building, the second direction of the bolt hole 38c is in the direction of the smaller amount of allowable displacement. By adjusting the installation angle of the friction ring 38A so as to match, the displacement amount of the seismic isolation device can be appropriately controlled according to the allowable displacement amount in each direction.

Next, the laminated rubber bearing 41 according to the second modification of the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 13. The laminated rubber bearing 41 has a different configuration of the stopper / energy absorption mechanism 42 as compared with the laminated rubber bearing 31 of the first modification described above. Hereinafter, the components of the laminated rubber bearing 41 common to the first modification will be designated by the same reference numerals in FIG. 13, and the configuration of the stopper / energy absorption mechanism 42 will be mainly described.

The stopper / energy absorption mechanism 42 is provided with a stopper 43, the connecting steel plate 44 is integrally provided at one end thereof, and the elastic body 45 and the sliding member 46 are integrally provided at the other end thereof. There is. Like the stopper 33 of the first modification, the stopper 43 is made of a material having high rigidity, for example, iron.

The connecting steel plate 44 is composed of a relatively thick disk having a diameter larger than that of the stopper 43. The connecting steel plate 44 is fitted into the recess 6a formed in the center of the lower surface of the upper sealing plate 6 via the sealing material 26, and is fixed to the upper sealing plate 6 by the bolt 27, whereby the stopper 43 is at the upper end. The portion is connected to the upper sealing plate 6 via the connecting steel plate 44, and extends downward in the fluid chamber 8.

The elastic body 45 is made of, for example, natural rubber, is formed in a disk shape having the same diameter as the stopper 43, and is integrally attached to the lower surface of the stopper 43 by adhesion or the like.

The sliding material 46 is made of, for example, a fluororesin, and is integrally attached to the lower surface of the elastic body 45 by adhesion or the like. Further, the lower surface of the sliding member 46 is composed of a circular flat surface 46a in the center and a tapered surface 46b connected to the peripheral edge of the flat surface 46a and the peripheral edge of the lower surface of the elastic body 45.

On the other hand, a circular recess 7e is concentrically formed in the center of the upper surface of the lower sealing plate 7, and the sliding member 46 of the stopper 43 is close to the bottom surface of the recess 7e at the neutral position shown in FIG. In the state, it is housed in the recess 7e. Further, the remaining portion of the lower sealing plate 7 in which the concave portion 7e is not formed is an annular contact portion 7f protruding upward, and the concave portion 7e is formed at the boundary portion of the contact portion 7f with the concave portion 7e. An inclined surface 7g is formed so as to be inclined toward the upper surface of the contact portion 7f.

According to the laminated rubber bearing 41 having the above configuration, the laminated body unit 2 is deformed in the horizontal direction from the neutral position of FIG. 13 in response to the action of the horizontal load. Until the amount of horizontal deformation reaches a predetermined amount, the stopper 43 or the like only moves the low-viscosity fluid F in the fluid chamber 8, and the viscous resistance due to the movement is very small. Low horizontal rigidity similar to that of

When the horizontal deformation amount reaches a predetermined amount, the tapered surface 46b of the sliding material 46 comes into contact with the inclined surface 7g of the contact portion 7d, and then, as the horizontal deformation amount increases, the elastic body 45 is compressed. At the same time, the sliding material 46 slides (climbs) diagonally upward on the inclined surface 7g while receiving the reaction force of the compressed elastic body 45. When climbing the inclined surface 7g, the stop function acts and a frictional force is generated between the tapered surface 46b of the sliding material 46 and the inclined surface 7g. This frictional force increases as the climbing progresses, and is maintained in a substantially constant high state after the tapered surface 46b exceeds the inclined surface 7g and reaches the upper surface of the contact portion 7e.

As described above, the amount of horizontal deformation is suppressed by the stop function when the stopper 43 climbs the inclined surface 7f and the energy absorption function due to the frictional force between the contact portion 7e including the inclined surface 7g, and the laminated rubber. It is possible to prevent excessive horizontal deformation of the bearing 41.

Further, since the stopper 43 whose temperature rises due to the absorption of energy by the frictional force is cooled by the low-viscosity fluid F, the decrease in the frictional force due to the temperature rise of the stopper 43 when the vibration energy repeatedly acts is suppressed by the low-viscosity fluid. It can be satisfactorily suppressed while using F.

Next, the laminated rubber bearing 51 according to the third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The laminated rubber bearing 51 is provided with a fluid damper 52 as a deformation suppressing mechanism instead of the conventional stopper / energy absorption mechanism. Hereinafter, the components common to the first embodiment will be described with the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 14, and the configuration of the fluid damper 52 will be mainly described.

The fluid damper 52 uses a working fluid HF and includes a cylinder 53, a piston 54, and a communication passage 55. The cylinder 53 is connected to the center of the lower sealing plate 7 via a ball joint 56 and a fixture 57. The piston 54 is connected to the center of the upper sealing plate 6 via a piston rod 58, a ball joint 59, and a fixture 60.

The piston 54 is slidably provided in the cylinder 53, and the inside of the cylinder 53 is divided into a first fluid chamber 61 on the piston rod 58 side and a second fluid chamber 62 on the opposite side. The communication passage 55 is connected to the inside of the cylinder 53 at two positions separated from the center in the axial direction of the cylinder 53 by an equal predetermined distance on both sides. Hereinafter, the section of the cylinder 53 between the two connecting portions is referred to as "inner section Z".

With this configuration, the communication passage 55 bypasses the piston 53 and communicates with the first and second fluid chambers 61, 62 when the piston 53 is located in the inner section Z including the neutral position shown in FIG. Let me. The working fluid HF is composed of, for example, silicone oil, and is filled in the first and second fluid chambers 61 and 62 and the communication passage 55.

The piston 54 is provided with a pair of relief valves 63, 63. These relief valves 63 and 63 are provided in two communication holes (not shown) penetrating the piston 54, respectively, and the pressure of one of the first and second fluid chambers 61 and 62 reaches a predetermined pressure. Occasionally, one of the relief valves 63 corresponding to it is configured to open and allow the first and second fluid chambers 61, 62 to communicate with each other.

According to the laminated rubber bearing 51 having the above configuration, a horizontal load acts and the laminated body unit 2 is deformed in the horizontal direction, and as a result, between the fittings 60 and 57 attached to the upper and lower sealing plates 6 and 7. As the distance increases, the piston 54 moves in a direction that reduces the volume of the first fluid chamber 61. In this case, the piston 54 is located in the inner section Z until the horizontal deformation amount of the laminated body unit 2 reaches a predetermined amount, whereby the working fluid HF is transmitted from the first fluid chamber 61 via the communication passage 55. It flows into the second fluid chamber 62, and the pressure in the first fluid chamber 61 is released. Therefore, since only a small viscous resistance is generated due to the flow of the working fluid HF, low horizontal rigidity substantially similar to that of the laminated rubber bearing 1 of the first embodiment can be obtained.

When the horizontal deformation amount DH reaches a predetermined amount, the piston 54 is separated from the inner section Z, so that the flow of the working fluid HF through the communication passage 55 is blocked, and the working fluid HF is confined in the first fluid chamber 61. As a result, the pressure in the first fluid chamber 61 rises sharply. As a result, the movement of the piston 54 is prevented, so that the amount of horizontal deformation is suppressed, and excessive horizontal deformation of the laminated rubber bearing 51 can be prevented.

When the pressure in the first fluid chamber 61 reaches a predetermined pressure, the corresponding relief valve 63 is opened, and the pressure in the first fluid chamber 61 is transferred to the second fluid chamber 62 through the communication hole. By being escaped, an excessive pressure rise is prevented.

The present invention is not limited to the described embodiments and modifications, and can be carried out in various embodiments. For example, in the embodiment, water is used as the low-viscosity fluid F to be filled in the fluid chamber 8, but as long as the fluid has a low viscosity, it is more preferably a fluid having a Poisson's ratio equivalent to that of the natural rubber layer 9. , It is possible to use a fluid other than water. For example, hydraulic oil may be used from the viewpoints of cooling property, rust prevention property, resistance to evaporation, etc., and among them, those having a low viscosity are preferable.

Further, in the embodiment, the stopper / energy absorption mechanisms 22, 32, 42 and the fluid damper 52 are used as the deformation suppressing mechanism, but as long as the horizontal deformation amount exceeds a predetermined amount and then the increase is suppressed. , It is possible to use a deformation suppressing mechanism having another configuration.

Further, the embodiment is an example in which the laminated rubber bearing is used as a seismic isolation device for a high-rise building, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the laminated rubber bearing of the present invention is used as a seismic isolation device for other structures or TMD. It can be used as a bearing of the mechanism. In the latter case, the TMD mechanism is made longer by using laminated rubber bearings, and the natural frequency of the additional vibration system including the TMD mechanism is synchronized with the natural frequency of the building, etc., so that the vibration damping function of the TMD mechanism is improved. Can be demonstrated.

Further, in the embodiment, the upper and lower sealing plates 6 and 7 for sealing the laminated body 5 and the upper and lower flange steel plates 3 and 3 for mounting on the building are configured separately from each other, but the upper and lower plates are used in combination. It may be composed of one steel plate or the like. In addition, it is possible to appropriately change the detailed configuration within the scope of the gist of the present invention.

1 Laminated rubber bearing 5 Laminated body 5a Upper opening of laminated body 5b Lower opening of laminated body 6 Upper sealing plate 7 Lower sealing plate 7b Abutment part 7d Abutment part 7f Abutment part 7g Inclined surface 8 Fluid chamber 9 Natural Rubber layer 10 Intermediate steel plate (rigid layer)
21 Laminated rubber bearings 22 Stopper and energy absorption mechanism (deformation suppression mechanism)
23 Stopper 31 Laminated rubber bearing 32 Stopper and energy absorption mechanism (deformation suppression mechanism)
33 Stopper 38 Friction ring (annular friction plate)
41 Laminated rubber bearing 42 Stopper and energy absorption mechanism (deformation suppression mechanism)
43 Stopper 45 Elastic body 46 Sliding material 51 Laminated rubber bearing 52 Fluid damper (deformation suppression mechanism)
53 Cylinder 54 Piston 55 Concatenated passage 61 1st fluid chamber 62 2nd fluid chamber F Low viscosity fluid DH Horizontal deformation amount G Predetermined amount G1 1st predetermined amount (predetermined amount)
G2 2nd predetermined amount HF working fluid Z inner section

Claims (5)

Laminated rubber bearings provided between the superstructure and substructure to be installed,
Laminated unit and
An upper flange plate and a lower flange plate for attaching the laminated body unit to the upper structure and the lower structure, respectively, are provided.
The laminated body unit is
A tubular laminate having a plurality of rubber layers and a plurality of rigid layers alternately laminated in the vertical direction and having upper and lower openings that open upward and downward, respectively.
The upper and lower openings of the laminated body are sealed, and a liquid-tight fluid chamber is defined inside the laminated body, and the upper sealing plate and the lower sealing plate connected to the upper flange plate and the lower flange plate, respectively. With a board,
In order to maintain the vertical rigidity of the laminated rubber bearing and reduce the horizontal rigidity, the fluid chamber is filled with water as an enclosed low-viscosity fluid .
It is arranged in the fluid chamber and operates when the horizontal deformation amount, which is the horizontal relative displacement amount between the upper sealing plate and the lower sealing plate, reaches a predetermined amount, and further increases the horizontal deformation amount. Further equipped with a deformation suppression mechanism for suppression,
The deformation suppressing mechanism is
An annular contact portion provided on the outer peripheral portion of the upper surface of the lower sealing plate and protruding upward, and an annular contact portion.
A stopper that is connected to the upper sealing plate, extends downward in the fluid chamber, and comes into contact with the abutting portion of the lower sealing plate when the horizontal deformation amount reaches the predetermined amount. laminated rubber bearing, characterized in Rukoto to Yusuke. The laminated rubber bearing according to claim 1, wherein the stopper is made of a predetermined metal material that can be plastically deformed by contact with the contact portion of the lower sealing plate. The deformation suppressing mechanism further has an annular friction plate mounted on the contact portion of the lower sealing plate and attached in a predetermined tightening state.
When the horizontal deformation amount reaches a second predetermined amount smaller than the predetermined amount, the friction plate slides within a predetermined range with respect to the contact portion by being pressed by the stopper that abuts. The laminated rubber bearing according to claim 1 , wherein the laminated rubber bearing is configured to perform the same. The stopper has an elastic body that can expand and contract in the vertical direction and a sliding material arranged on the lower end surface.
The contact portion of the lower sealing plate is inclined diagonally upward in the radial direction, and has an inclined surface to which the sliding material of the stopper abuts when the horizontal deformation amount reaches the predetermined amount. characterized in that, the laminated rubber bearing according to claim 1. Laminated rubber bearings provided between the superstructure and substructure to be installed,
Laminated unit and
An upper flange plate and a lower flange plate for attaching the laminated body unit to the upper structure and the lower structure, respectively, are provided.
The laminated body unit is
A tubular laminate having a plurality of rubber layers and a plurality of rigid layers alternately laminated in the vertical direction and having upper and lower openings that open upward and downward, respectively.
The upper and lower openings of the laminated body are sealed, and a liquid-tight fluid chamber is defined inside the laminated body, and the upper sealing plate and the lower sealing plate connected to the upper flange plate and the lower flange plate, respectively. With a board,
In order to maintain the vertical rigidity of the laminated rubber bearing and reduce the horizontal rigidity, the fluid chamber is filled with water as an enclosed low-viscosity fluid.
It is arranged in the fluid chamber and operates when the horizontal deformation amount, which is the horizontal relative displacement amount between the upper sealing plate and the lower sealing plate, reaches a predetermined amount, and further increases the horizontal deformation amount. Further equipped with a deformation suppression mechanism for suppression,
The deformation suppressing mechanism has a fluid damper arranged in the fluid chamber, and has a fluid damper.
The fluid damper is
A cylinder connected to one of the upper sealing plate and the lower sealing plate,
It is connected to the other of the upper sealing plate and the lower sealing plate and is slidably provided in the cylinder, and the inside of the cylinder is divided into a first fluid chamber and a second fluid chamber, and the horizontal deformation amount is the said. A piston located in a predetermined inner section including a neutral position when the amount is less than a predetermined amount, and outside the inner section when the horizontal deformation amount is equal to or more than the predetermined amount.
The working fluid filled in the first and second fluid chambers and
When said piston is located within said inner section, the product layer rubber bearing characterized by having a a communicating passage for communicating each other the first and second fluid chambers so as to bypass the piston.

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