JP6962765B2 - Ophthalmic equipment - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to an ophthalmic apparatus.

There is known an ophthalmic apparatus in which a main body having a built-in measurement optical system is provided on a drive mechanism box on an optometry table so as to be movable in the XYZ direction with respect to the eye to be inspected (see, for example, Patent Document 1). ).

In the ophthalmic apparatus described in Patent Document 1, the measurement optical system is arranged at an appropriate position with respect to the eye to be inspected by moving the main body in the XYZ direction, and the measurement optical system is driven to drive the eye to be inspected. The characteristics can be measured.

International Publication No. 2003/041571

However, in the ophthalmic apparatus of the prior art, the movable distance of the main body in the XYZ direction is about several millimeters. It may be difficult to arrange the measurement optical system at an appropriate position. In particular, for people whose sitting height is higher than the standard and for children, the displacement in the height direction is large. In this case, the height can be adjusted by moving the optometry table up and down, but it takes time and effort to make fine adjustments.

The present invention has been made by paying attention to the above problems, and is an ophthalmic apparatus capable of quickly and accurately aligning the measurement optical system with respect to the eye to be inspected and appropriately measuring the characteristics of the eye to be inspected. The purpose is to provide.

In order to achieve the above object, the ophthalmic apparatus of the present invention has a measurement optical system for acquiring information on the eye to be inspected, an image acquisition unit for acquiring an image of the anterior segment of the eye to be inspected, and the measurement optical system in the vertical direction and A drive mechanism that moves the support portion in the horizontal direction, a support portion that supports the measurement optical system and is movably provided in the vertical direction with respect to the main body of the apparatus, and a support portion drive mechanism that moves the support portion in the vertical direction. Based on the anterior segment image, the amount of vertical movement and the amount of horizontal movement of the measurement optical system with respect to the eye to be inspected are calculated, and the drive mechanism is driven based on each movement amount, and the drive mechanism is driven. It is characterized by including a control unit that drives the support unit drive mechanism based on the amount of movement in the vertical direction when the amount of movement in the vertical direction exceeds a threshold value.

In the ophthalmic apparatus configured as described above, the control unit calculates the amount of movement of the measurement optical system in the vertical direction and the amount of movement in the horizontal direction based on the image of the anterior eye portion acquired by the image acquisition unit. Then, the measurement optical system is aligned with the eye to be inspected based on each movement amount, and when the movement amount in the vertical direction exceeds the threshold value, the support portion is vertically moved based on the movement amount in the vertical direction. To adjust the vertical position of the measurement optical system. Therefore, the alignment of the measurement optical system with respect to the eye to be inspected can be performed quickly and with high accuracy, and the characteristics of the eye to be inspected can be appropriately measured.

It is a perspective view which shows the appearance of the ophthalmic apparatus of Example 1. FIG. It is a figure which shows the schematic structure of the measurement unit of the ophthalmic apparatus of Example 1. FIG. It is a figure which shows the schematic structure of the measurement optical system of the ophthalmic apparatus of Example 1. FIG. It is a figure which shows the detailed structure of the measurement optical system for the right eye of the ophthalmic apparatus of Example 1. FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows the schematic structure of the arm drive mechanism of the ophthalmic apparatus of Example 1. FIG. It is a figure which shows the block structure of the ophthalmic apparatus of Example 1. FIG. It is a flowchart which shows an example of the operation of the ophthalmic apparatus of Example 1. FIG. It is a figure which shows the schematic structure of the measurement optical system of the ophthalmic apparatus of Example 2. It is a figure which schematically represented the positional relationship between two cameras of the ophthalmic apparatus of Example 2 and an eye under test.

(Example 1)
Hereinafter, embodiments for carrying out the ophthalmic apparatus of the present invention will be described with reference to Example 1 shown in the drawings. First, the overall configuration of the ophthalmic apparatus 10 of Example 1 will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3. The ophthalmic apparatus 10 of the first embodiment is a binocular open type ophthalmic apparatus capable of simultaneously performing binocular characteristic measurement in a state where the subject has both left and right eyes open. The present invention is not limited to the binocular open type, and the present invention can be applied to an ophthalmic apparatus that measures the characteristics of each eye.

[Overall configuration of ophthalmic equipment]
As shown in FIG. 1, the ophthalmic apparatus 10 of the first embodiment includes a base 11 installed on a floor surface, an optometry table 12, a support column 13, an arm 14 as a support portion, and a measurement unit 20. I have. In this ophthalmic apparatus 10, the subject facing the optometry table 12 measures the characteristics of the optometry in a state where the forehead is applied to the forehead portion 15 provided in the measurement unit 20. In addition, as shown in FIG. 1 throughout the present specification, the X-axis, the Y-axis and the Z-axis are taken, and when viewed from the subject, the left-right direction is the X direction, the vertical direction (vertical direction) is the Y direction, and the X direction. And the direction orthogonal to the Y direction (the depth direction of the measuring unit 20) is the Z direction.

The optometry table 12 is a desk on which an examiner controller 27 and a subject controller 28, which will be described later, are placed, and an object used for optometry is placed, and is supported by a base 11. The optometry table 12 may be supported by the base 11 so that the position (height position) in the Y direction can be adjusted.

The support column 13 stands up from the rear end of the optometry table 12 in the Y direction, and an arm 14 is provided on the upper portion. The arm 14 is attached to the support column 13 and suspends and supports the pair of measurement heads 23 via the drive mechanism 22 above the optometry table 12. The arm 14 is vertically and vertically attached to the support column 13, that is, the main body of the ophthalmic apparatus 10 by the arm drive mechanism 16 as a support portion drive mechanism, and the position (height position) in the Y direction can be adjusted. There is. The arm 14 may be movable in the X direction and the Z direction with respect to the support column 13.

The arm 14 has a base portion 14b which has an insertion hole 14a of the support column 13 and is movably attached to the outer periphery of the support column 13, and extends in the Z direction (front direction) from the base portion 14b, and a measurement unit 20 is at the tip. It has an arm body 14c to be attached.

The arm drive mechanism 16 is configured by a ball screw mechanism. As shown in FIG. 5, a recess 13a is provided on the back surface of the support column 13 so as to extend vertically, and a ball screw shaft 16a and a pair of guide rods 16b are mounted in the recess 13a. A slider 16c is connected to the ball screw shaft 16a so as to be movable up and down in the recess 13a. Further, a linear bush 16d that slides up and down along the guide rod 16b is attached to the slider 16c. The base portion 14b of the arm 14 is connected to the slider 16c. The ball screw mechanism is driven by an actuator provided on the support column 13. The actuator is connected to the control unit 26. By operating the actuator under the control of the control unit 26, the ball screw shaft 16a rotates, and the slider 16c moves up and down in the base portion 16b, so that the arm 14 moves up and down with respect to the support column 13 together with the measurement unit 20. ..

The arm drive mechanism 16 is not limited to this configuration, and a known linear motion mechanism such as a mechanism including a transmission mechanism such as a rack and pinion and an actuator, a linear motor mechanism, or an air cylinder mechanism may be used. Can be done. Further, in the present embodiment, the arm 14 can move up and down with respect to the support column 13, but the present invention is not limited to this. As long as the height position of the arm 14 can be adjusted, for example, the arm 14 can be fixed to the support column 13 so that the support column 13 itself can move up and down with respect to the base 11 (that is, the main body of the device).

The base 11 is provided with a control unit 26 that controls each part of the ophthalmic apparatus 10 in a control box 26b. The control unit 26 is supplied with power from a commercial power source (not shown) via the power cable 17a.

[Measurement unit]
The measuring unit 20 performs at least one of arbitrary subjective tests and arbitrary objective measurements. In the subjective test, a target or the like is presented to the subject, and the test result is acquired based on the response of the subject to the target or the like. This subjective test includes a distance test, a near test, a contrast test, a glare test, and other subjective refraction measurements, and a visual field test and the like. Further, in objective measurement, light is irradiated to the eye to be inspected, and information (characteristics) regarding the eye to be inspected is measured based on the detection result of the return light. This objective measurement includes a measurement for acquiring the characteristics of the eye to be inspected and an imaging for acquiring an image of the eye to be inspected. Furthermore, for objective measurement, objective refraction measurement (ref measurement), corneal shape measurement (kerato measurement), tonometry, fundus photography, and optical coherence tomography (hereinafter referred to as "OCT") are used. There are tomography (OCT photography), measurement using OCT, etc.

Further, the measurement unit 20 is connected to the control unit 26 via a control / power cable 17b (see FIG. 2), and power is supplied via the control unit 26. Further, information transmission / reception between the measurement unit 20 and the control unit 26 is also performed via the control / power cable 17b.

As shown in FIG. 2, the measurement unit 20 is supported by the mounting base portion 21, the left eye drive mechanism 22L and the right eye drive mechanism 22R provided on the mounting base portion 21, and the left eye drive mechanism 22L. The left eye measurement head 23L and the right eye measurement head 23R supported by the right eye drive mechanism 22R are provided.

The left eye measurement head 23L and the right eye measurement head 23R have a plane-symmetrical configuration with respect to the vertical plane located between the two in the X direction. Further, the configuration of each drive unit of the left eye drive mechanism 22L corresponding to the left eye measurement head 23L and the configuration of each drive unit of the right eye drive mechanism 22R corresponding to the right eye measurement head 23R are in the X direction. It has a plane-symmetrical configuration with respect to the vertical plane located between the two. Hereinafter, except when described individually, the measurement head 23 and the drive mechanism 22 may be simply referred to. The same applies to other components provided symmetrically to the left and right.

The mounting base portion 21 is fixed to the tip of the arm 14 and extends in the X direction, and the left eye drive mechanism 22L is suspended from one end and the right eye drive mechanism 22R is suspended from the other end. Is hung. Further, a forehead portion 15 is suspended from the central portion of the mounting base portion 21.

Based on the control command from the control unit 26, the left eye drive mechanism 22L positions the left eye measurement head 23L in the X, Y, and Z directions, and the eye rotation axis OL of the left eye EL (see FIG. 3). Change the orientation centered on. As shown in FIG. 2, the left eye drive mechanism 22L has a left vertical drive unit 22a, a left horizontal drive unit 22b, and a left rotation drive unit 22c. Each of these drive units 22a to 22c is arranged between the mounting base unit 21 and the left eye measurement head 23L in the order of the left vertical drive unit 22a, the left horizontal drive unit 22b, and the left rotation drive unit 22c from the upper side. There is.

The left vertical drive unit 22a moves the left horizontal drive unit 22b in the Y direction with respect to the mounting base unit 21. The left horizontal drive unit 22b moves the left rotation drive unit 22c in the X direction and the Z direction with respect to the left vertical drive unit 22a. The left rotation drive unit 22c rotates the left eye measurement head 23L with respect to the left horizontal drive unit 22b about the eyeball rotation axis OL of the left eye EL.

Based on the control command from the control unit 26, the right eye drive mechanism 22R positions the right eye measurement head 23R in the X, Y, and Z directions, and the eye rotation axis OR of the right eye ER (see FIG. 3). Change the orientation centered on. As shown in FIG. 2, the right eye drive mechanism 22R has a right vertical drive unit 22d, a right horizontal drive unit 22e, and a right rotation drive unit 22f. These drive units 22d to 22f are arranged between the mounting base unit 21 and the right eye measurement head 23R in the order of the right vertical drive unit 22d, the right horizontal drive unit 22e, and the right rotation drive unit 22f from the upper side. There is.

The right vertical drive unit 22d moves the right horizontal drive unit 22e in the Y direction with respect to the mounting base unit 21. The right horizontal drive unit 22e moves the right rotation drive unit 22f in the X direction and the Z direction with respect to the right vertical drive unit 22d. The right rotation drive unit 22f rotates the right eye measurement head 23R with respect to the right horizontal drive unit 22e about the eyeball rotation axis OR of the right eye ER.

Here, the left vertical drive unit 22a, the left horizontal drive unit 22b, the right vertical drive unit 22d, and the right horizontal drive unit 22e all include an actuator that generates a driving force such as a pulse motor, a plurality of gear sets, and a rack and pinion. -Has a transmission mechanism that transmits the driving force of a pinion or the like. The left horizontal drive unit 22b and the right horizontal drive unit 22e may be individually provided with a combination of an actuator and a transmission mechanism in the X direction and the Z direction, so that the configuration can be simplified and the movement in the horizontal direction can be easily controlled. Can be.

Further, the left rotation drive unit 22c and the right rotation drive unit 22f also have an actuator that generates a driving force such as a pulse motor and a transmission mechanism that transmits a driving force such as a plurality of gear sets or a rack and pinion. doing. Here, the left rotation drive unit 22c and the right rotation drive unit 22f move the transmission mechanism receiving the driving force from the actuator along the arc-shaped guide groove centered on the eye rotation axes OL and OR. Therefore, the left eye measurement head 23L and the right eye measurement head 23R can be rotated around the eyeball rotation axis OL of the left eye EL and the eyeball rotation axis OR of the right eye ER, respectively.

The left-handed rotation drive unit 22c and the right-handed rotation drive unit 22f may have the left eye measurement head 23L and the right eye measurement head 23R rotatably attached around their own rotation axis.

The left-eye measurement head 23L and the right-eye measurement head 23R are rotated in a desired direction by the left-hand rotation drive unit 22c and the right-hand rotation drive unit 22f to diverge (diverge) or condense the eye to be inspected. (Congestion movement) can be performed. As a result, the ophthalmic apparatus 10 can measure various characteristics of both eyes by performing a test of divergence movement and convergence movement, and a distance examination and a near examination in a binocular vision state.

As shown in FIG. 2, the left eye measurement head 23L includes a left eye measurement optical system 24L built in the left housing 23a fixed to the left rotation drive unit 22c and a left provided on the outer surface of the left housing 23a. It has an eye deflection member 25L and. In the left eye measurement head 23L, the light emitted from the left eye measurement optical system 24L is bent via the left eye deflection member 25L and irradiated to the left eye EL of the subject to measure the left eye characteristics. (See FIG. 3).

Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the right eye measurement head 23R is provided on the right eye measurement optical system 24R built in the right housing 23b fixed to the right rotation drive unit 22f and on the outer surface of the right housing 23b. It has a deflection member 25R for the right eye. The right eye measurement head 23R bends the light emitted from the right eye measurement optical system 24R via the right eye deflection member 25R and irradiates the subject's right eye ER to measure the right eye characteristics. (See FIG. 3).

The measurement optical system 24L for the left eye and the measurement optical system 24R for the right eye are a low vision test device that performs a low vision test while switching the target to be presented, and an appropriate corrective refractive force of the eye to be inspected while switching and arranging a correction lens. Foropter to be acquired, reflex meter and wave surface sensor to measure refractive force, fundus camera to take image of the fundus, tomography device to take tomographic image of retinal, specular microscope to take image of corneal endothelial image, measure corneal shape A keratometer, a tonometer for measuring intraocular pressure, and the like are configured alone or in combination.

[Measurement optical system]
An example of the configuration of the measurement optical system 24L for the left eye and the measurement optical system 24R for the right eye will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of the measurement optical system 24L for the left eye and the measurement optical system 24R for the right eye of the ophthalmic apparatus 10 of Example 1, and FIG. 4 shows a detailed configuration of the measurement optical system 24R for the right eye. It is a figure. Since the configuration of the measurement optical system 24L for the left eye is the same as that of the measurement optical system 24R for the right eye, the description thereof will be omitted, and only the measurement optical system 24R for the right eye will be described below.

As shown in FIG. 4, the measurement optical system 24R for the right eye includes an observation system 31, an optotype projection system 32, an optical power measurement system 33, a subjective inspection system 34, an alignment optical system 35, an alignment optical system 36, and a kerato. It has a system 37 and. The observation system 31 observes the anterior eye portion of the eye E to be inspected, the optotype projection system 32 presents the optotype to the eye E to be inspected, and the optical power measurement system 33 measures the optical power and becomes aware of it. The formula test system 34 performs a subjective test.

In Example 1, the optical power measuring system 33 has a function of projecting a predetermined measurement pattern on the fundus Ef of the eye E to be inspected and a function of detecting an image of the measurement pattern projected on the fundus Ef. Therefore, the optical power measuring system 33 functions as a first measuring system that projects a light beam onto the fundus Ef of the eye E to be inspected and receives the reflected light from the fundus Ef.

In the first embodiment, the subjective examination system 34 has a function of presenting an optotype to the eye E to be inspected, and shares an optical element constituting the optical system with the optotype projection system 32. The alignment optical system 35 and the alignment optical system 36 are for aligning the optical system with respect to the eye E to be inspected. The control unit 26 acquires alignment information in the front-rear direction (Z direction) along the optical axis of the observation system 31 by the alignment optical system 35, and the alignment optical system 36 acquires alignment information in the vertical and horizontal directions (Y direction, X) orthogonal to the optical axis. Alignment information of direction) is acquired.

The observation system 31 includes an objective lens 31a, a dichroic filter 31b, a half mirror 31c, a relay lens 31d, a dichroic filter 31e, an imaging lens 31f, and an image sensor (CCD) 31g. In the observation system 31, the luminous flux reflected by the eye E (anterior eye portion) to be inspected is imaged on the image sensor 31g by the imaging lens 31f via the objective lens 31a. Therefore, an anterior segment image E'in which the keratling light flux, the light flux of the alignment light source 35a, and the light flux (bright spot image Br) of the alignment light source 36a, which will be described later, are projected (projected) is formed on the image pickup element 31g. NS. The control unit 26 displays the front eye portion image E'and the like based on the image signal output from the image sensor 31g on the display screen 30a of the display unit 30. A kerato system 37 is provided in front of the objective lens 31a.

The kerato system 37 has a kerato plate 37a and a kerat ring light source 37b. The kerato plate 37a has a plate shape in which concentric slits are provided with respect to the optical axis of the observation system 31, and is provided in the vicinity of the objective lens 31a. The kerat ring light source 37b is provided so as to match the slit of the kerato plate 37a. In this kerato system 37, the luminous flux from the lit keratling light source 37b passes through the slit of the kerato plate 37a, so that the keratling light flux (ring for measuring corneal curvature) for measuring the corneal shape on the eye E (cornea Ec) is examined. Projecting (projecting) a target). This keratling luminous flux is reflected by the cornea Ec of the eye E to be inspected, so that the observation system 31 forms an image on the image sensor 31g. As a result, the image sensor 31g detects (receives) an image (image) of the ring-shaped keratling luminous flux, and the control unit 26 displays the image of the measurement pattern on the display screen 30a and the image (image sensor 31g). ), The corneal shape (radius of curvature) is measured by a well-known method. Therefore, the kerato system 37 projects a light beam onto the anterior eye portion (cornea Ec) of the eye E to be inspected, and obtains the characteristics of the anterior eye portion (cornea Ec) from the reflected light from the anterior eye portion (cornea Ec). It is a second measurement system for measuring and functions as a corneal shape measuring system for measuring the corneal shape of the eye E to be inspected. In Example 1, as the corneal shape measurement system, an example (kerato system 37) in which a kerato plate 37a for measuring the curvature near the center of the cornea with one to three ring slits is used is shown, but the cornea is shown. As long as the shape is to be measured, a plated plate having multiple rings and capable of measuring the shape of the entire cornea may be used, or other configurations may be used, and the configuration is not limited to the configuration of this embodiment. An alignment optical system 35 is provided behind the kerato system 37 (kerato plate 37a).

The alignment optical system 35 has a pair of alignment light sources 35a and a projection lens 35b, and the luminous flux from each alignment light source 35a is made into a parallel luminous flux by each projection lens 35b, and the eye to be inspected E is passed through an alignment hole provided in the kerato plate 37a. The parallel light flux is projected onto the lens Ec of the lens. The control unit 26 acquires alignment information (for example, the amount of movement in the anteroposterior direction) based on the bright spot (bright spot image) projected (projected) on the cornea Ec on the anterior eye portion image E'. The control unit 26 drives the right horizontal drive unit 22e based on this alignment information to move the right eye measurement head 23R in the front-rear direction (Z direction), thereby moving the right eye measurement head 23R in the front-rear direction (Z direction) along the optical axis of the observation system 31. Align the direction). This alignment in the front-rear direction is performed by adjusting the position of the right eye measurement head 23R so that the ratio of the distance between the two point images by the alignment light source 35a on the image sensor 31g and the diameter of the keratling image is within a predetermined range. .. Here, the control unit 26 may obtain the alignment deviation amount from the ratio and display the alignment deviation amount on the display screen 30a. The alignment in the front-rear direction may be performed by adjusting the position of the right eye measurement head 23R so that the bright spot image Br by the alignment light source 36a described later is in focus.

Further, the observation system 31 is provided with an alignment optical system 36. The alignment optical system 36 has an alignment light source 36a and a projection lens 36b, and shares a half mirror 31c, a dichroic filter 31b, and an objective lens 31a with the observation system 31. The alignment optical system 36 projects (projects) the luminous flux from the alignment light source 36a onto the cornea Ec as a parallel luminous flux via the objective lens 31a. The control unit 26 acquires alignment information (for example, the amount of movement in the Y direction and the X direction) based on the bright spot (bright spot image) projected (projected) on the cornea Ec on the front eye image E'. .. The control unit 26 drives the right horizontal drive unit 22e and the right vertical drive unit 22d based on this alignment information to move the right eye measurement head 23R in the left-right direction (X direction) and the up-down direction (Y direction). Then, the alignment is performed in the left-right direction (X direction) and the up-down direction (Y direction). At this time, the control unit 26 displays the alignment mark AL, which is a guideline for the alignment mark, on the display screen 30a in addition to the anterior eye portion image E'in which the bright spot image Br is formed. Further, the control unit 26 may be configured to control so that the measurement is started when the alignment is completed.

The optotype projection system 32 (awareness inspection system 34) includes a display 32a, a half mirror 32b, a relay lens 32c, a reflection mirror 32d, a focusing lens 32e, a relay lens 32f, a field lens 32g, and a variable cross cylinder lens (VCC) 32h. The reflection mirror 32i and the dichroic filter 32j are provided, and the dichroic filter 31b and the objective lens 31a are shared with the observation system 31.

Further, the subjective inspection system 34 has at least two glare light sources 32k that irradiate the eye E to be inspected with glare light at a position surrounding the optical axis in an optical path different from the optical path leading to the display 32a or the like. The display 32a presents a fixed target or a punctate target as an optotype in order to fix the line of sight of the eye E to be inspected, and the characteristics of the eye E to be inspected (visual acuity value and correction power (distance power, near power)). Etc.) is presented as a subjective optometry target for subjective examination. As the display 32a, an EL (electroluminescence) or a liquid crystal display (Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)) can be used, and an arbitrary image is displayed under the control of the control unit 26. The display 32a is movably provided along the optical axis at a position conjugate with the fundus Ef of the eye E to be inspected on the optical path of the optotype projection system 32 (subjective examination system 34).

Further, in the optotype projection system 32 (awareness inspection system 34), a pinhole plate 32p is provided at a position on the optical path that is substantially conjugated with the pupil of the eye E to be inspected. The pinhole plate 32p is formed by providing a through hole in the plate member so that the optotype projection system 32 (awareness inspection system 34) can be inserted into the optical path and separated from the optical path, and is inserted into the optical path. Then, the through hole is positioned on the optical axis. By inserting the pinhole plate 32p into the optical path in the subjective examination mode, it is possible to perform a pinhole test for determining whether or not the eye E to be inspected can be corrected by the spectacles. In the first embodiment, the pinhole plate 32p is provided between the field lens 32g and the VCS 32h, and is inserted and detached under the control of the control unit 26. The position where the pinhole plate 32p is provided may be provided at a position on the optical path that is substantially conjugated with the pupil of the eye E to be inspected, and is not limited to the first embodiment.

The optical power measurement system 33 includes a ring-shaped luminous flux projection system 33A that projects a ring-shaped measurement pattern on the fundus Ef of the eye E to be inspected, and a ring that detects (receives) the reflected light of the ring-shaped measurement pattern from the fundus Ef. It has a luminous flux light receiving system 33B. The ring-shaped luminous flux projection system 33A includes a reflex light source unit 33a, a relay lens 33b, a pupil ring diaphragm 33c, a field lens 33d, a perforated prism 33e, and a rotary prism 33f, and uses a dichroic filter 32j as an objective projection system 32 ( It is shared with the subjective inspection system 34), and the dichroic filter 31b and the objective lens 31a are shared with the observation system 31. The reflex light source unit unit 33a has, for example, a reflex measurement light source 33g for reflex measurement using an LED, a collimator lens 33h, a conical prism 33i, and a ring pattern forming plate 33j, which are refracted by the eye under the control of the control unit 26. The force measuring system 33 can be integrally moved on the optical axis.

The ring-shaped light emitting light receiving system 33B has a hole 33p of a perforated prism 33e, a field lens 33q, a reflection mirror 33r, a relay lens 33s, a focusing lens 33t, and a reflection mirror 33u. The dichroic filter 31e, the imaging lens 31f, and the imaging element 31g are shared with the observation system 31, the dichroic filter 32j is shared with the optotype projection system 32 (awareness inspection system 34), and the rotary prism 33f and the perforated prism 33e are ringed. It is shared with the light beam projection system 33A.

Regarding the measurement of the refractive power of the eye and the subjective test using the measurement optical system 24R for the right eye and the measurement optical system 24L for the left eye as described above, for example, the operation described in JP-A-2017-63978 and the like. The same operation can be performed.

[Control unit]
The control unit 26 comprehensively controls each unit of the ophthalmic apparatus 10. As shown in FIG. 6, the control unit 26 includes the above-mentioned measurement optical system 24L for the left eye, the measurement optical system 24R for the right eye, the left vertical drive unit 22a of the left eye drive mechanism 22L, and the left horizontal drive unit. In addition to the 22b and the left rotation drive unit 22c, the right vertical drive unit 22d of the right eye drive mechanism 22R, the right horizontal drive unit 22e and the right rotation drive unit 22f, and the arm drive mechanism 16, an examiner controller ( The first input unit) 27, the subject controller (second input unit) 28, the storage unit 29, and the display unit 30 are connected.

The examiner controller 27 is used by the examiner to operate the ophthalmic apparatus 10. The examiner controller 27 is provided with various operation buttons for measuring the characteristics of the eye to be inspected, as well as up and down movement buttons for moving the arm 14 up and down. The subject controller 28 is used for the subject to respond when acquiring various types of eye information of the subject. Both the examiner controller 27 and the examinee controller 28 include input devices such as a keyboard, a mouse, and a joystick. Further, regarding the controller 27 for the examiner, if the display unit 30 is a touch panel type, this touch panel may also be included. The control unit 26 is connected to the examiner controller 27 and the examinee controller 28, respectively, via a wired or wireless communication path.

The control unit 26 expands the program stored in the connected storage unit 29 or the built-in internal memory 26a on, for example, a RAM, and appropriately responds to an operation on the examiner controller 27 or the examinee controller 28. The operation of the ophthalmic apparatus 10 is comprehensively controlled. In the present embodiment, the internal memory 26a is composed of RAM or the like, and the storage unit 29 is composed of ROM, EEPROM or the like.

On the display screen 30a (see FIG. 4) of the display unit 30, an anterior eye portion image E'etc. based on an image signal output from an image sensor (CCD) 31g provided in the observation system 31 is displayed.

Using the ophthalmic apparatus 10 of Example 1 having the above configuration, the measurement head 23 is aligned in the XYZ direction and the position in the vertical direction (Y direction) is adjusted (hereinafter, referred to as “height adjustment”). , An example of the operation when measuring the characteristics of the eye to be inspected will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. 7.

In the ophthalmic apparatus 10 of the first embodiment, the measurement head 23 is automatically aligned by the alignment optical systems 35 and 36 and the drive mechanism 22 under the control of the control unit 26. In addition to this, the arm is manually or automatically aligned. The height of the measuring head 23 can be adjusted by moving the 14 up and down. As a result, in the ophthalmic apparatus 10 of the first embodiment, even if the measurement head 23 cannot be aligned in the vertical direction by the normal alignment by the drive mechanism 22, the height of the measurement head 23 is raised by moving the arm 14 up and down. It is possible to perform vertical adjustment, and it is possible to measure the characteristics of the eye E to be inspected quickly and with high accuracy.

When measuring the characteristics of the eye E to be inspected, first, the subject is made to sit on a chair or the like and confront the ophthalmic apparatus 10. Next, the examiner operates the up / down movement button of the examiner controller 27 to manually adjust the height of the measurement head 23 so that the measurement head 23 is located at the height of the subject's eyes. That is, the height of the measurement head 23 is roughly approximated by the control unit 26 driving and controlling the arm drive mechanism 16 and moving the arm 14 up and down with respect to the support column 13 in response to the operation of the vertical movement button by the examiner. (Step S1). Roughly adjusting means making rough adjustments rather than strict adjustments.

Next, with the subject applying the forehead to the forehead portion 15 of the measurement unit 20, the examiner operates the operation buttons or the like of the examiner controller 27 to give an instruction for measurement. In response to this instruction, in the ophthalmic apparatus 10, as described above, the control unit 26 controls the alignment optical system 35, the alignment optical system 36, and the drive mechanism 22, and the measurement head 23 (measurement optical system) for the eye E to be inspected. 24) Alignment in the XYZ direction is performed (step S2).

For example, as described above, this alignment is performed based on the alignment information (each movement amount in the XYZ directions) based on the bright spot image formed on the anterior eye portion image E'by the alignment optical system 35 and the alignment optical system 36. ) To get. Based on this alignment information, the control unit 26 drives the drive mechanism 22 to move the measurement head 23 in the XYZ direction to perform alignment. Since this alignment is performed by both the left eye measurement head 23L and the right eye measurement head 23R, even if there is a slight deviation in the XYZ directions between the positions of the left eye and the right eye, the left eye and the right eye Alignment can be performed appropriately according to the position.

After the alignment is executed, the process proceeds to step S3, and it is determined whether or not the alignment is successful. If it is determined that the alignment is successful (YES), the process proceeds to step S4, and the characteristics of the eye E to be inspected are measured by the measurement optical system 24 under the control of the control unit 26.

On the other hand, if it is determined that the alignment has failed (NO) and the cause is that the amount of movement in the Y direction exceeds the threshold value (distance that can be moved by the drive mechanism 22) and an alignment error occurs in the Y direction, measurement is performed. In order to adjust the height of the head 23, the process proceeds to step S5. In step S5, the control unit 26 calculates the amount of movement in the Y direction (hereinafter, referred to as “height adjustment amount”) based on the alignment information. At this time, the amount of movement in the Y direction of either the left side measurement head 23L or the right side measurement head 23R may be used as the height adjustment amount, or a value calculated based on both movement amounts (for example, an average value) may be used. , The height adjustment amount may be used. Moreover, the calculated height adjustment amount may be corrected as appropriate.

Next, the control unit 26 drives the arm drive mechanism 16 to move the arm 14 up and down according to the calculated height adjustment amount, and adjusts the height of the measurement head 23. When the height adjustment is completed, the process proceeds to step S4, and the characteristics of the eye E to be inspected are measured. It is possible to return to step S2, execute the alignment again, and then proceed to step S4, so that the measurement can be performed after the alignment is performed with higher accuracy.

Here, if an error occurs due to a cause other than the alignment error in the Y direction, the process may be terminated, or the process may be returned to step S1 and the process may be restarted.

Next, the action and effect of the ophthalmic apparatus 10 of Example 1 will be described. As described above, the ophthalmic apparatus 10 of the first embodiment includes the measurement optical system 24, the alignment optical systems 35 and 36, the image sensor 31 g, the drive mechanism 22, the arm 14, the arm drive mechanism 16, and the control unit. It has 26 and. The control unit 26 calculates the vertical movement amount and the horizontal movement amount of the measurement optical system 24 based on the anterior segment image E'based on the image signal output from the image pickup element 31g, and each movement. The drive mechanism 22 is driven based on the amount to align the measurement optical system 24 with respect to the eye E to be inspected, and when the amount of movement in the vertical direction exceeds the threshold value, the amount of movement in the vertical direction is based on the amount of movement in the vertical direction. The arm drive mechanism 16 is driven and the arm 14 is moved in the vertical direction to adjust the position of the measurement optical system 24 in the vertical direction.

Therefore, the subject may be a person whose sitting height is higher than the standard, the subject may be a child whose sitting height is lower, or the subject's forehead and eye position may be separated from the standard. Even if the contact position of the forehead is incorrect, the measurement optical system 24 can be appropriately arranged according to the position of the eye. Therefore, it is not necessary for the subject to measure in an unreasonable manner. As a result, the alignment of the measurement optical system with respect to the eye to be inspected can be performed quickly and with high accuracy, and the characteristics of the eye to be inspected can be appropriately measured.

Further, in the first embodiment, the drive mechanism 22 is suspended from the arm 14, and the measurement optical system 24 is suspended from the drive mechanism 22. With this configuration, it is not necessary to position the drive mechanism 22 in front of the subject, and it is possible to provide a space in front of the subject while enabling alignment of the measurement optical system 24 by the drive mechanism 22 in the XYZ direction. It is possible to provide an ophthalmic device 10 that can be made and does not give a feeling of oppression to the subject. Further, by moving the arm 14 in the vertical direction, the measurement optical system 24 can be moved in the vertical direction together with the drive mechanism 22. The movement of the measurement optical system 24 in the drive mechanism 22 and the measurement optical system by the arm 14 The movements of 24 can be linked.

In Example 1, the alignment optical systems 35 and 36 are used to align the optical system with respect to the eye E to be inspected based on the bright spots projected on the cornea Ec on the anterior eye image E'. It is carried out. However, the alignment method is not limited to this, and an optotype may be projected on the cornea and the measurement optical system 24 may be aligned based on the optotype image (for example, the Pukinje image). Alignment may be performed based on the pupil of the anterior segment image E', or alignment may be performed using any other known method.

When the alignment is performed by the optotype, the ophthalmologic apparatus includes, for example, an alignment optical system that projects an optotype for aligning the measurement optical system 24 with respect to the eye to be inspected E on the anterior eye portion of the eye to be inspected E, and the image pickup element 31 g. Acquires the anterior segment image E'of the eye to be inspected E on which the optotype is projected, and the control unit 26 moves in the vertical direction of the measurement optical system 24 based on the optotype image in the anterior segment image E'. The amount of movement and the amount of movement in the horizontal direction can be calculated. Based on each movement amount calculated in this way, the measurement optical system 24 is aligned in the XYZ directions, and when the movement amount in the Y direction exceeds the threshold value, the arm 14 is moved up and down to measure the measurement optical system. By adjusting the height of the 24, the alignment of the measurement optical system 24 with respect to the eye E to be inspected can be performed quickly and with high accuracy, and the characteristics of the eye E to be inspected can be appropriately measured.

(Example 2)
Next, the ophthalmic apparatus 10 according to the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. The ophthalmic apparatus 10 according to the second embodiment has the same basic configuration as the ophthalmic apparatus 10 according to the first embodiment except that a plurality of cameras (so-called stereo cameras) are provided in the measurement optical system 24 of the measurement head 23. doing. Therefore, the measurement optical system 24 different from that of the first embodiment will be described below, and the description of the same configuration will be omitted.

As shown in FIG. 7, the left-side measurement head 23L of the second embodiment has a left-eye measurement optical system 24L and a left-eye deflection member 25L, and is further close to the left-eye deflection member 25L. Two cameras (imaging devices) 40L and 41L are provided in front of and behind the optical axis of the measurement optical system 24L for the left eye.

Further, the right-hand measurement head 23R of the second embodiment has a measurement optical system for the right eye 24R and a deflection member 25R for the right eye, and further, the measurement for the right eye is performed in close proximity to the deflection member 25R for the right eye. Two cameras 40R and 41R are provided in front of and behind the optical axis 24R of the optical system 24R.

In the second embodiment, two different anterior segment images E'can be obtained by photographing the eye E to be inspected from different directions by the respective cameras 40 and 41. The positions of the cameras provided on the left and right sides are not limited to the front and back, and may be arranged vertically with the optical axis in between. Further, the number of cameras is not limited to two, and three or more cameras may be provided, for example, four cameras are provided in the front-rear and up-down directions, and more front eye image E'is acquired. Can be done.

In the second embodiment, the acquired two anterior ocular segment images E'are analyzed, alignment information is acquired, and XYZ alignment and height adjustment are performed. An example of the procedure for acquiring the alignment information will be described below.

First, under the control of the control unit 26, the anterior eye portion image E'of the eye to be inspected E is photographed by the two cameras 40 and 41. This shooting is a moving image shooting in which the anterior segment of the eye to be inspected E is targeted. Each of the cameras 40 and 41 shoots a moving image at a predetermined frame rate. Each of the cameras 40 and 41 sequentially sends the acquired frames to the control unit 26 in real time. The control unit 26 associates the frames obtained by the cameras 40 and 41 with each other according to the shooting timing.

The control unit 26 corrects the distortion of each frame based on the aberration information stored in the storage unit 29. This correction process is performed using, for example, a known image processing technique based on a correction coefficient for correcting distortion.

The control unit 26 identifies a feature position, for example, a position corresponding to the center of the pupil of the anterior eye portion by analyzing each distortion-corrected frame. The control unit 26 identifies an image region (pupil region) corresponding to the pupil of the eye E to be inspected based on the distribution of pixel values (luminance value, etc.) of the captured image (anterior eye portion image E'). Since the pupil is generally drawn with a lower brightness than other parts, the pupil region can be specified by searching the low-brightness image region. At this time, the pupil region may be specified in consideration of the shape of the pupil. That is, it can be configured to specify the pupil region by searching for a substantially circular and low-luminance image region.

Next, the control unit 26 identifies the central position of the identified pupil region. Since the pupil is substantially circular as described above, the contour of the pupil region can be specified, the center position of this contour (approximate circle or ellipse of the contour) can be specified, and this can be used as the center of the pupil. Further, the center of gravity of the pupil region may be obtained, and the position of the center of gravity may be set as the center of the pupil.

Even when the feature position corresponding to another feature portion is specified, the feature position can be specified based on the distribution of the pixel values of the captured image in the same manner as described above.

Next, a procedure for acquiring the position information of the eye E to be inspected based on the acquired feature position (center of the pupil) will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 9 is a diagram schematically showing the positional relationship between the two cameras 40 and 41 and the eye E to be inspected.

In FIG. 9, the distance (baseline length) between the two cameras 40 and 41 is represented by “B”. The distance (imaging distance) between the baselines of the two cameras 40 and 41 and the characteristic portion P of the eye E to be inspected is represented by "H". The distance (screen distance) between each of the cameras 40 and 41 and the screen plane thereof is represented by "f".

In such an arrangement state, the resolution of the images captured by the two cameras 40 and 41 is expressed by the following equation. Here, Δp represents the pixel resolution.

Resolution in the xy direction (planar resolution): Δxy = H × Δp / f
Resolution in the z direction (depth resolution): Δz = H × H × Δp / (B × f)

The control unit 26 is known in consideration of the arrangement relationship shown in FIG. 9 with respect to the positions (known) of the two cameras 40 and 41 and the feature positions corresponding to the feature portions P in the two captured images. By applying the trigonometry, the three-dimensional position of the feature portion P, that is, the three-dimensional position of the eye E to be inspected is calculated.

Based on the calculated three-dimensional position of the eye to be inspected E, the control unit 26 aligns the optical axis of the measurement optical system 24 with the axis O of the eye to be inspected E, and the distance of the measurement optical system 24 to the eye to be inspected E is set. Alignment information for controlling the drive unit 22 so as to have a predetermined working distance is calculated. Here, the working distance is a default value also called a working distance, and means a distance between the eye E to be inspected and the measuring optical system 24 at the time of measuring the characteristics using the measuring optical system 24.

Based on the alignment information acquired as described above, the drive mechanism 22 is driven to align the measurement head 23 in the XYZ directions. If the Y-direction alignment cannot be achieved by the alignment by the drive mechanism 22, the arm drive mechanism 16 is driven to move the arm 14 up and down to adjust the height of the measurement head 23.

As described above, the ophthalmic apparatus 10 of Example 2 has the same effect as that of Example 1. Further, the ophthalmic apparatus 10 of the second embodiment includes a plurality of cameras 40 and 41 for photographing the anterior eye portion image E'of the eye to be inspected E from different directions as an image acquisition unit. Then, the position information of the eye to be inspected E is acquired based on the plurality of anterior eye image E'photographed by the plurality of cameras 40 and 41. That is, the position information of the eye E to be inspected can be acquired more accurately based on the parallax information obtained from the plurality of anterior eye image E'. By using the alignment information acquired based on such position information, the alignment of the measurement head 23 in the XYZ direction by the drive mechanism 22 and the height adjustment of the measurement head 23 by the arm drive mechanism 16 can be performed more accurately. Can be done.

Further, in this way, the alignment and height adjustment of the measurement optical system 24 using two or more cameras 40 and 41 can be performed by a vision test device, an autorefractometer, an autokeratometer, a tonometer, a perimeter, etc. It can be applied not only to an ophthalmic device that performs the examination of the above, but also to an ophthalmic device that diagnoses the eye E to be inspected, such as an OCT and a fundus camera.

Although the ophthalmic apparatus of the present invention has been described above based on each embodiment, the specific configuration is not limited to these examples, and the invention according to each claim in the claims is not limited to these examples. Design changes and additions are permitted as long as they do not deviate from the gist.

In each of the above embodiments, the height of the measuring head 23 is adjusted based on the alignment information acquired based on the front eye image E', but the height is not limited to this. For example, the height information of the eye E to be inspected may be acquired by the position detecting means, and the alignment information acquired based on the height information may be used to perform alignment and height adjustment in the Y direction of the measuring head 23.

As this position detecting means, for example, the measuring head 23 is provided with a detection optical system having a condenser lens and a position detecting element. Then, a light source that emits infrared rays or the like is arranged according to the height of the eye E to be inspected, and the light is emitted from the light source toward the measurement head 23. This light is condensed by the condenser lens and received by the position detection element. Based on the output signal detected by the position detection element, the control unit 26 acquires the position information of the eye E to be inspected. Then, the position information (height information) of the eye to be inspected E in the Y direction is acquired from this position information, the height adjustment amount is calculated based on this height information, and the arm drive mechanism 16 is driven to drive the arm 14. Is moved up and down to adjust the height of the measuring head 23.

Further, as another different embodiment of calculating the alignment information in the Y direction, for example, a reference position of a predetermined position (for example, the position of the pupil) of the anterior eye portion image E'on the display screen 30a is set in advance. back. The distance between the pupil position and the reference position of the actual anterior segment image E'is acquired from the distribution of the luminance value, the number of pixels to be acquired, etc., and the alignment information in the Y direction is calculated based on this distance. May be good. Based on this alignment information, the drive mechanism 22 aligns the measurement head 23 in the Y direction, and when the movement amount based on the alignment information exceeds the threshold value, the arm drive mechanism 16 moves the arm 14 up and down for measurement. The height of the head 23 can be adjusted. Also in this case, the height adjustment amount can be calculated based on the alignment information of the left side measuring head 23L and the right side measuring head 23R.

10 Ophthalmic device 14 Arm (support)
24 Measurement optical system 35, 36 Alignment optical system 31 g Image sensor 22 Drive mechanism 16 Arm drive mechanism (support part drive mechanism)
26 Control units 40, 41 Camera (imaging device)

Claims (5)

A measurement optical system that acquires information on the eye to be inspected,
An image acquisition unit that acquires an image of the anterior segment of the eye to be inspected, and an image acquisition unit.
A drive mechanism that moves the measurement optical system in the vertical and horizontal directions,
A support that stands upright from the main body of the device and is provided so that it cannot rotate.
Said measuring optical system supporting the device support portion attached to the movable and non-rotatably said post in the vertical direction relative to the body,
A support unit drive mechanism that moves the support unit vertically along the support column,
Based on the anterior segment image, the amount of vertical movement and the amount of horizontal movement of the measurement optical system with respect to the eye to be inspected are calculated, and the drive mechanism is driven based on each movement amount, and the drive mechanism is driven. When the amount of movement in the vertical direction exceeds the threshold value, a control unit that drives the support unit drive mechanism based on the amount of movement in the vertical direction is provided .
The support portion has a main body portion extending in the direction of the subject from the support column.
An ophthalmic apparatus , wherein the drive mechanism is suspended from the main body of the support portion, and the measurement optical system is suspended from the drive mechanism. The drive mechanism includes a vertical drive unit that moves the measurement optical system in the vertical direction, a horizontal drive unit that moves the measurement optical system in the horizontal direction, and a rotation drive unit that rotates the measurement optical system around a predetermined axis. The rotation drive unit is arranged at the lowest position, and the measurement optical system is suspended from the rotation drive unit.
The control unit rotates the measurement optical system by the rotation drive unit while moving the measurement optical system in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction by the vertical drive unit and the horizontal drive unit in response to the eye to be inspected. The ophthalmic apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the measurement optical system is rotated about the axis of rotation of the eyeball of the eye to be inspected by controlling the measurement. The image acquisition unit includes a plurality of imaging devices that capture the anterior segment image of the eye to be inspected from different directions, and the control unit is based on the plurality of anterior segment images captured by the plurality of imaging devices. 1 Or the ophthalmic apparatus according to 2. The image acquisition unit includes an alignment optical system that projects an optotype for aligning the measurement optical system with respect to the eye to be inspected on the anterior eye portion of the eye to be inspected, and the image acquisition unit is the eye to be inspected to which the optotype is projected. The image of the anterior segment is acquired, and the control unit calculates the amount of movement of the measurement optical system in the vertical direction and the amount of movement in the horizontal direction based on the optotype image in the image of the anterior segment. The ophthalmic apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the ophthalmic apparatus is characterized by the above. The control unit acquires height information of the eye to be inspected based on the image of the anterior eye portion acquired by the image acquisition unit, and calculates the amount of movement in the vertical direction based on the height information. The ophthalmic apparatus according to claim 1.

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