JP6955039B2 - プラダー−ウィリ症候群またはスミス−マゲニス症候群を有する対象を処置するための方法 - Google Patents
プラダー−ウィリ症候群またはスミス−マゲニス症候群を有する対象を処置するための方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明は、カリウムATP(KATP)チャネル開口薬の薬学的製剤、ならびに、例えばプラダー−ウィリ症候群(PWS)、スミス−マゲニス症候群(SMS)等の様々な疾患及び状態の処置のためのその使用に関する。
以下の発明の背景の説明は、単に本発明の理解を補助するものとして提供され、本発明の先行技術を説明または構成することを認めるものではない。
、ならびにその塩、プロドラッグ、及び異性体を含む全ての生物学的同等物であり、
式中、
R1a及びR1bは、存在する場合、水素、低級アルキル、置換低級アルキル、シクロアルキル、置換シクロアルキル、アミノ、及び置換アミノからなる群から独立して選択され;
R2a及びR2bは、存在する場合、水素及び低級アルキルからなる群から独立して選択され;
Xは、1、2、または3原子鎖であり、各原子は、炭素、硫黄または窒素から独立して選択され、各原子は、ハロゲン、ヒドロキシル、低級アルキル、置換低級アルキル、低級アルコキシ、シクロアルキル、置換シクロアルキル、置換低級アルコキシ、アミノ、または置換アミノで置換されていてもよく;
環A及びBは、それぞれ独立して、飽和、一価不飽和、多価不飽和または芳香族である。
、ならびにその塩、プロドラッグ、及び異性体を含む全ての生物学的同等物であり、
式中、
R1は、水素、低級アルキル、置換低級アルキル、シクロアルキル、置換シクロアルキル、アミノ、及び置換アミノからなる群から選択され;
R2aは、水素及び低級アルキルからなる群から選択され;
Xは、1、2、または3原子鎖であり、各原子は、炭素、硫黄または窒素から独立して選択され、各原子は、ハロゲン、ヒドロキシル、低級アルキル、置換低級アルキル、低級アルコキシ、シクロアルキル、置換シクロアルキル、置換低級アルコキシ、アミノ、または置換アミノで置換されていてもよく;
環Bは、飽和、一価不飽和、多価不飽和または芳香族である。
、ならびにその塩、プロドラッグ、及び異性体を含む全ての生物学的同等物であり、
式中、
R1は、水素、低級アルキル、置換低級アルキル、シクロアルキル、置換シクロアルキル、アミノ、及び置換アミノからなる群から選択され;
R2bは、水素及び低級アルキルからなる群から選択され;
Xは、1、2、または3原子鎖であり、各原子は、炭素、硫黄または窒素から独立して選択され、各原子は、ハロゲン、ヒドロキシル、低級アルキル、置換低級アルキル、低級アルコキシ、シクロアルキル、置換シクロアルキル、置換低級アルコキシ、アミノ、または置換アミノで置換されていてもよく;
環Bは、飽和、一価不飽和、多価不飽和または芳香族である。
、ならびにその塩、プロドラッグ、及び異性体を含む全ての生物学的同等物であり、
式中、
R1は、水素、低級アルキル、置換低級アルキル、シクロアルキル、アミノ、及び置換低級アミノからなる群から選択され;
R2aは、水素、低級アルキル、及び置換低級アルキルからなる群から選択され;
R3は、水素、ハロゲン、低級アルキル、置換低級アルキル、アミノ、及び置換アミノからなる群から選択され;
R4は、水素、ハロゲン、低級アルキル、置換低級アルキル、アミノ、及び置換アミノからなる群から選択される。
、ならびにその塩、プロドラッグ、及び異性体を含む全ての生物学的同等物であり、
式中、
R1は、水素、低級アルキル、置換低級アルキル、シクロアルキル、アミノ、及び置換低級アミノからなる群から選択され;
R2bは、水素、低級アルキル、及び置換低級アルキルからなる群から選択され;
R3は、水素、ハロゲン、低級アルキル、置換低級アルキル、アミノ、及び置換アミノからなる群から選択され;
R4は、水素、ハロゲン、低級アルキル、置換低級アルキル、アミノ、及び置換アミノからなる群から選択される。
、ならびにその塩、プロドラッグ、及び異性体を含む全ての生物学的同等物であり、
式中、
R1は、水素、低級アルキル、置換低級アルキル、シクロアルキル、置換シクロアルキル、アミノ、及び置換低級アミノからなる群から選択され、または、R1は、R5もしくはR6と連携して、追加的な環を形成してもよく;
R2aは、水素、低級アルキル、及び置換低級アルキルからなる群から選択され;
R5は、水素、ハロゲン、ヒドロキシル、低級アルキル、置換低級アルキル、アミノ、置換アミノ、スルホニル、アミノスルホニル、及びスルホニルアミノからなる群から選択され、または、R5は、R1もしくはR6と連携して、追加的な環を形成してもよく;
R6は、水素、ハロゲン、低級アルキル、置換低級アルキル、アミノ、置換アミノ、スルホニル、アミノスルホニル、及びスルホニルアミノからなる群から選択され、または、R6は、R1もしくはR5と連携して、追加的な環を形成してもよく;
R1及びR5、またはR1及びR6、またはR5及びR6の連携により形成された環は、飽和、一価不飽和、多価不飽和または芳香族であり;
R1及びR5、またはR1及びR6、またはR5及びR6の連携により形成された環は、ハロゲン、ヒドロキシル、低級アルキル、置換低級アルキル、アミノ、置換アミノ、スルホニル、アミノスルホニル、またはスルホニルアミノで置換されていてもよい。
、ならびにその塩、プロドラッグ、及び異性体を含む全ての生物学的同等物であり、
式中、
R1は、水素、低級アルキル、置換低級アルキル、シクロアルキル、置換シクロアルキル、アミノ、及び置換低級アミノからなる群から選択され、または、R1は、R5もしくはR6と連携して、追加的な環を形成してもよく;
R2bは、水素、低級アルキル、及び置換低級アルキルからなる群から選択され;
R5は、水素、ハロゲン、ヒドロキシル、低級アルキル、置換低級アルキル、アミノ、置換アミノ、スルホニル、アミノスルホニル、及びスルホニルアミノからなる群から選択され、または、R5は、R1もしくはR6と連携して、追加的な環を形成してもよく;
R6は、水素、ハロゲン、低級アルキル、置換低級アルキル、アミノ、置換アミノ、スルホニル、アミノスルホニル、及びスルホニルアミノからなる群から選択され、または、R6は、R1もしくはR5と連携して、追加的な環を形成してもよく;
R1及びR5、またはR1及びR6、またはR5及びR6の連携により形成された環は、飽和、一価不飽和、多価不飽和または芳香族であり;
R1及びR5、またはR1及びR6、またはR5及びR6により形成された環は、ハロゲン、ヒドロキシル、低級アルキル、置換低級アルキル、アミノ、置換アミノ、スルホニル、アミノスルホニル、またはスルホニルアミノで置換されていてもよい。
除脂肪体重は、体重マイナス体脂肪に等しく(LBM=BW−BF)、
除脂肪体重プラス体脂肪は、体重に等しい(LBM+BF= BW)。
無脂肪である全体重のパーセンテージは通常引用されず、これは典型的には60〜90%である。その代わり、補数である体脂肪のパーセンテージは、典型的には10〜40%である。体脂肪は、代謝との関連性がより低いため、除脂肪体重(LBM)は、適切なレベルの医薬を処方するため、及び代謝障害を評価するための、全体重よりも優れた指数として説明されている。
[本発明1001]
プラダー−ウィリ症候群(PWS)またはスミス−マゲニス症候群(SMS)を有する対象を処置する方法であって、有効量のKATPチャネル開口薬を含む薬学的製剤を、前記対象に少なくとも10週間投与することを含む、方法。
[本発明1002]
前記KATPチャネル開口薬が、ジアゾキシドまたはその薬学的に許容される塩である、本発明1001の方法。
[本発明1003]
前記薬学的に許容される塩がジアゾキシドコリンである、本発明1002の方法。
[本発明1004]
前記ジアゾキシドまたはその薬学的に許容される塩が経口投与される、本発明1002の方法。
[本発明1005]
前記薬学的製剤が、ジアゾキシドまたはその薬学的に許容される塩の放出速度に影響する少なくとも1種の賦形剤を含む、本発明1002の方法。
[本発明1006]
前記薬学的製剤が、ジアゾキシドまたはその薬学的に許容される塩の放出を遅延させる少なくとも1種の賦形剤を含む、本発明1005の方法。
[本発明1007]
前記製剤が、少なくとも1種の他の活性成分をさらに含む、本発明1001の方法。
[本発明1008]
前記対象にヒト成長ホルモンを投与することをさらに含む、本発明1001の方法。
[本発明1009]
前記ヒト成長ホルモンが注射により投与される、本発明1008の方法。
[本発明1010]
前記対象の除脂肪体重または除脂肪体重/脂肪量比が、少なくとも1%増加する、本発明1001の方法。
[本発明1011]
前記対象の除脂肪体重または除脂肪体重/脂肪量比が、少なくとも2%増加する、本発明1001の方法。
[本発明1012]
前記対象の除脂肪体重または除脂肪体重/脂肪量比が、少なくとも3%増加する、本発明1001の方法。
[本発明1013]
前記対象の除脂肪体重または除脂肪体重/脂肪量比が、少なくとも4%増加する、本発明1001の方法。
[本発明1014]
前記対象の除脂肪体重または除脂肪体重/脂肪量比が、少なくとも5%増加する、本発明1001の方法。
[本発明1015]
前記投与することが1年以上の間行われる、本発明1001の方法。
[本発明1016]
前記対象の過食が少なくとも10%低減する、本発明1001の方法。
[本発明1017]
前記対象の過食が少なくとも20%低減する、本発明1001の方法。
[本発明1018]
前記対象の過食が少なくとも30%低減する、本発明1001の方法。
[本発明1019]
IGF−1の血中濃度(circulating concentration)が増加しない、本発明1001の方法。
[本発明1020]
プラダー−ウィリ症候群を有する対象の除脂肪体重を増加させる方法であって、前記対象が、前記対象への成長ホルモンの投与によりすでに処置されており、前記方法が、前記成長ホルモンに加えて、有効量のKATPチャネル開口薬を前記対象に同時投与することを含む、方法。
[本発明1021]
プラダー−ウィリ症候群を有する対象の除脂肪体重を増加させる方法であって、前記対象が、前記対象への有効量のKATPチャネル開口薬の投与によりすでに処置されており、前記方法が、前記KATPチャネル開口薬に加えて、有効量の成長ホルモンを前記対象に同時投与することを含む、方法。
[本発明1022]
スミス−マゲニス症候群(SMS)を有する対象の下肢筋量を増加させる方法であって、有効量のKATPチャネル開口薬を前記対象に投与することを含む、方法。
[本発明1023]
単位用量のKATPチャネル開口薬と、
単位用量の成長ホルモンと
を含むキット。
[本発明1024]
プラダー−ウィリ症候群(PWS)またはスミス−マゲニス症候群(SMS)を有する対象における1つ以上の攻撃的行動を減少させる方法であって、前記方法が、有効量のKATPチャネル開口薬を前記対象に少なくとも10週間投与することを含み、投与によって前記対象における1つ以上の攻撃的行動が減少する、方法。
[本発明1025]
第2の治療用生成物が投与され、前記第2の生成物が、前記1つ以上の攻撃的行動をさらに減少させるように意図されている、本発明1024の方法。
[本発明1026]
プラダー−ウィリ症候群(PWS)またはスミス−マゲニス症候群(SMS)を有する対象における高グレリン血症(hyperghrelinemia)を軽減する方法であって、前記方法が、有効量のKATPチャネル開口薬を前記対象に少なくとも10週間投与することを含み、投与によって前記対象における1つ以上の攻撃的行動が減少する、方法。
[本発明1027]
前記薬学的製剤が1日2回投与される、本発明1001の方法。
[本発明1028]
前記薬学的製剤が1日1回投与される、本発明1001の方法。
本明細書において、対象に投与されると、新規の薬力学的、薬物動態学的、治療的、生理学的、及び代謝的アウトカムを達成する、特定のKATPチャネル開口薬の薬学的製剤が提供される。また、任意選択で成長ホルモンと組み合わされた、副作用の発生率を低減しながら治療的アウトカムを達成する特定のKATPチャネル開口薬の薬学的製剤、その投与方法、及び投薬方法が提供される。
1.圧縮錠剤製剤
約15〜30重量%のジアゾキシドまたはその誘導体を、約55〜80重量%のヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース、約3〜10wt/vol%のエチルセルロース、ならびにそれぞれ3重量%未満のステアリン酸マグネシウム(滑剤として)及びタルク(流動促進剤として)と混合する。混合物を使用して、Reddy et al.,AAPS Pharm Sci Tech 4(4):1−9(2003)において説明されるように圧縮錠剤を生成する。錠剤は、微粒子に関して以下で説明されるように、薄膜でコーティングされてもよい。
ジアゾキシドまたはその誘導体を、周知の方法(例えば、米国特許第6,022,562号を参照されたい)に従って微粒子内にカプセル化する。単独または1種以上の好適な賦形剤と組み合わせてジアゾキシドまたは誘導体を含有する100から500マイクロメートルの間の直径の微粒子を、造粒機を用いて形成し、次いで適切なサイズを有する微粒子を分離するために篩い分けする。商業機器(例えばUniglatt Spray Coating Machine)を使用した噴霧乾燥により、微粒子を薄膜でコーティングする。薄膜は、エチルセルロース、酢酸セルロース、ポリビニルピロリドン及び/またはポリアクリルアミドを含む。薄膜用のコーティング溶液は、ヒマシ油、フタル酸ジエチル、クエン酸トリエチル及びサリチル酸であってもよい可塑剤を含んでもよい。コーティング溶液はまた、ステアリン酸マグネシウム、オレイン酸ナトリウム、またはラウリン酸ポリオキシエチレン化ソルビタンであってもよい滑剤を含んでもよい。コーティング溶液は、膜コーティング粒子の粘結を防止するために、タルク、コロイド状シリカ、または1.5から3重量%での2つの混合物等の賦形剤をさらに含んでもよい。
混合前に、活性構成成分及びヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース(Dow Methocel K4M P)の両方を、ASTM 80メッシュ篩に通す。4部のヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロースに対し1部のジアゾキシドまたは誘導体から混合物を形成する。十分な混合後、造粒剤としての十分な体積のエチルセルロースのエタノール溶液を徐々に添加する。最終製剤における錠剤当たりのエチルセルロースの量は、約1/10部である。造粒剤の混合から得られた塊を、22/44メッシュを通して篩い分けする。得られた顆粒を40℃で12時間乾燥させ、その後デシケータ内で12時間、室温で維持する。乾燥したら、44メッシュ上に残留した顆粒を、15%の微粉(44メッシュを通過した顆粒)と混合する。流動促進剤及び滑剤としてタルク及びステアリン酸マグネシウムをそれぞれ重量の2%で添加する。着色剤もまた添加する。単式錠剤圧縮機を使用して、錠剤を圧縮する。
20〜40重量%のジアゾキシドまたはその誘導体を、30重量%のヒドロキシプロピルメチルセルロース(Dow Methocel K100LV P)及び20〜40重量%の微細ラクトースと混合する。水の添加と共に混合物を造粒する。造粒された混合物を湿式粉砕し、次いで110℃で12時間乾燥させる。乾燥混合物を乾式粉砕する。粉砕後、25重量%のエチルセルロース樹脂を添加し(Dow Ethocel 10FPまたはEthocel 100FP)、続いて0.5重量%のステアリン酸マグネシウムを添加する。着色剤もまた添加する。単式錠剤圧縮機を使用して、錠剤を圧縮する(Dasbach,et al,Poster at AAPS Annual Meeting Nov 10−14(2002))。
100mgのジアゾキシドもしくはその誘導体を10mgのエチルセルロース(Dow Ethocel 10FP)と混合することにより、または75mgのジアゾキシドもしくはその誘導体を25mgのラクトース及び10mgのエチルセルロース(Dow Ethocel 10FP)と混合することにより、または50mgのジアゾキシドもしくはその誘導体を50mgのラクトース及び10mgのエチルセルロース(Dow Ethocel 10FP)と混合することにより、コア錠剤を製剤化する。コア錠剤は、凹型ツールにより、自動化プレス上で成形される。400mgのエチレンオキシド(Union Carbide POLYOX WSR Coagulant)からなる圧縮コーティングを施し、3000psiまで圧縮する(Dasbach,et al.,Poster at AAPS Annual Meeting Oct 26−30(2003))。
ジアゾキシドまたはその誘導体を、浸透圧調整放出システムとして製剤化する。一般に、2つの成分、及び活性薬物の放出を駆動する膨張性ヒドロゲルを、ジアゾキシドまたはその誘導体と共に、半透過性二重ラミネートシェルとして構成する。構成後、ヒドロゲルの水和後の活性物質の放出を促進するために、シェルに穴を開ける。
1モルのジアゾキシド(230.7g)を500mlのEt2Oに溶解することにより、ジアゾキシドの塩酸塩を調製する。容器の重量が36g増加するまで、乾燥HClを溶液中に通す。HClの添加中、ジアゾキシドのHCl塩が粉末として沈殿する。塩を濾過し、Et2Oで洗浄する。
1.肥満動物モデル
本明細書に記載のように調製されたジアゾキシドまたは誘導体の製剤を、Surwitら(Endocrinology 141:3630−3637(2000))により説明されているように、肥満の動物モデルにおける有効性に関して試験することができる。簡潔に説明すると、4週齢のB6雄マウスを、温度制御(22℃)室内で、12時間点灯、12時間消灯サイクルで5匹/ケージで飼育する。高脂肪(HF)及び低脂肪(LF)実験食は、それぞれ58%及び11%の脂肪からのカロリーを含有する。マウスの群を試験の最初の4週間HF食で給餌し、残りの15匹のマウスはLF食で給餌する。LF食に割り当てられたマウスは、除脂肪対照マウスの参照群として、試験の間中この食事で維持する。4週目に、全てのHF給餌マウスを、2つのマウス群にあらためて割り当てる。第1の群は、肥満対照群として、試験の間中HF食を維持する。マウスの残りの3つの群は、HF食で給餌し、ジアゾキシドまたは誘導体の制御放出製剤を、強制経口投与される単回用量として1日当たり約150mg/kgの活性物質で投与する。毎週動物の体重を量り、4週目で食事が変更されるまで週2回ケージ当たりの食物消費を測定し、その後体重及び食物摂取を毎日決定する。飼料効率(摂取カロリー当たり増加した体重のグラム)を、ケージ当たりで計算する。インスリン、グルコース、及びレプチンの分析用の試料を、24日目(食事が変更される4日前)、32日目(変更から4日後)、及びその後2週間毎に採取する。全ての場合において、食物は、試料が採取される8時間前に取り除かれる。グルコースは、グルコースオキシダーゼ法により分析される。インスリン及びレプチン濃度は、二重抗体RIAにより決定される。インスリンアッセイは、ラット標準に基づき、レプチンアッセイは、マウス標準を使用する。試験の終了時、食後血漿試料を採取し、トリグリセリド及び非エステル化脂肪酸濃度に関して分析する。薬物処置から4週間後、各群からの10匹の動物の部分集団を死亡させる。副睾丸白色脂肪組織(EWAT)、後腹膜(RP)脂肪、肩甲骨間褐色脂肪組織(IBAT)脂肪体、及び腓腹筋を取り出し、切り取り、秤量する。副睾丸脂肪体の重量から、体脂肪率を推定する。各群からの5匹の動物の部分集団に、0.5g/kgグルコースをip注射する。注射から30分後、血漿試料を採取し、グルコースオキシダーゼ法によりグルコース含量に関して分析する。
本明細書に記載のように調製されたジアゾキシドまたは誘導体の製剤を、肥満のヒトにおける有効性に関して試験することができる。試験は、Alemzadeh(Alemzadeh,et al.,J Clin Endocr Metab 83:1911−1915(1998))により説明されているように行われる。対象は、30kg/m2以上のボディマス指数(BMI)を有する、中程度から病的の肥満成人からなる。各対象は、最初の評価時に完全な身体検査を受け、標準的な電子秤で体重が測定され、DEXAにより身体組成が測定される。
30kg/m2以上のボディマス指数(BMI)を有する中程度から病的の肥満のヒトにおける、ジアゾキシドまたはその誘導体及びフェンテルミンの固体経口剤形の長期同時投与の評価。各対象は、最初の評価時に完全な身体検査を受け、標準的な電子秤で体重が測定され、DEXAにより身体組成が測定される。
この実施例は、前糖尿病の個体における、糖尿病の発生を予防するためのジアゾキシドの使用を説明する。試験に含まれる個体は全て、2つの方法の1つにより測定されるように、糖尿病を発症する高いリスクを有する。空腹時グルコースアッセイにおいて、個体は、空腹時グルコース異常を示す100から125mg/dlの間の血漿グルコース値を有し、または、経口耐糖能試験において、個体は、耐糖能障害を有することを示す、グルコース負荷から2時間後の140から199mg/dlの間の血漿グルコース値を有する。いずれかの基準を満たす任意の個体において処置を開始する。処置する個体には、1日当たり200mgのジアゾキシドを、1日2回の100mgカプセルもしくは錠剤として、または1日1回の2つの100mgカプセルもしくは錠剤として与える。プラセボ処置の個体には、1日2回の1つのプラセボカプセルもしくは錠剤、または1日1回の2つのプラセボカプセルもしくは錠剤を与える。
750mgのメトホルミンHCl及び100mgのジアゾキシドHClを含む圧縮錠剤マトリックスを形成することにより、ジアゾキシドHCl及びメトホルミンHClの持続放出配合製剤を生成する。これらの活性構成成分を、カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム(約5%(w/w))、ヒプロメロース(約25%(w/w))、及びステアリン酸マグネシウム(<2%(w/w))とブレンドする。水和及び薬物放出の速度を制御するために、圧縮錠剤を、エチルセルロース(80%(w/w))及びメチルセルロース(20%(w/w))の組み合わせで薄膜としてさらにコーティングする。
統合失調症のDSM III−R基準を満たす患者に対して、統合失調症の薬物療法を開始する。患者に、1日1回10mgのオランザピン(Zyprexa、Lilly)を投与する。統合失調症の患者に対する補助療法は、ジバルプロエクスナトリウム(Depakote、Abbott Labs)としての250mg等量のバルプロ酸を含む。体重増加、脂質異常症及び耐糖能障害、ならびに代謝症候群は、この抗精神病剤の組み合わせで処置された患者における頻度の高い有害事象である。体重増加、脂質異常症、耐糖能障害、または代謝症候群は、KATPチャネル開口薬の治療有効用量の同時投与により処置される。患者を、1日1回の錠剤製剤としての200mg/日のジアゾキシドの投与により処置する。体重増加、脂質異常症、耐糖能障害、もしくは代謝症候群が矯正されるまで、またはオランザピンによる患者の処置が中止されるまで、ジアゾキシド投与を継続する。脂質異常症は、全、HDL、及びLDLコレステロール、トリグリセリド、ならびに非エステル化脂肪酸の血中濃度を測定することにより検出される。耐糖能障害は、経口またはIV耐糖能試験の使用により検出される。代謝症候群は、中心性肥満、脂質異常症、耐糖能障害、及び主要炎症性サイトカインの血中濃度を含む、主要リスク因子を測定することにより検出される。
二重盲検プラセボ対照無作為離脱延長による単一施設非盲検単群臨床試験(PC025)を行った。患者に約1.5mg/kgのDCCR用量(最大開始用量145mg)の投薬を開始し、14日毎に約2.4mg/kg、3.3mg/kg、及び4.2mg/kg(最大用量507.5mg)に漸増した。これらのDCCR用量は、それぞれ1.03、1.66、2.28、及び2.9mg/kgのジアゾキシド用量と同等である。各診察において、治験責任医師の自由裁量により、患者に対し漸増した。ベースラインから27日目または55日目まで安静時エネルギー消費の増加及び/または過食の低減を示した任意の患者を反応者として指定し、二重盲検段階における無作為化に適格とした。非盲検段階を完了した者は皆反応者であり、二重盲検段階において無作為化され、この段階を完了した。二重盲検プラセボ対照無作為離脱段階の間、反応者は、さらに4週間(29日間)、55日目に処置された用量での積極的処置を継続するか、またはその用量のプラセボ等量で継続するために、1:1の比で無作為化された。非反応者は、さらに29日間、55日目に処置された用量でのDCCRによる非盲検処置を継続した。全部で12人の患者がこの試験に参加した。
* 全てのスクリーニング法は、−14日目までに完了しなければならない。
・介護士の補助ありまたはなしで、口頭または書面での指示に従うことができること
・対象またはその法定後見人により署名されたインフォームドコンセント用紙
・ベースライン診察の2から4週間前の間にスクリーニングプロセスが完了していること
一般的な人口学的特徴
・投薬時を含めて10から22歳の年齢の男性及び女性の患者
・遺伝子学的に確認されたプラダー−ウィリ症候群
・BMIが、CDC BMIチャートでの年齢特異的BMI値の95パーセンタイルを超えること、または体脂肪率≧35%であること(体脂肪基準は、スクリーニング診察から12ヶ月以内に測定が行われた場合、及び患者が測定以降体重減少を示していない場合にのみ使用される。他の全ての状況においては、BMI基準が適用される。)
・病歴、身体検査、バイタルサインの評価、12誘導心電図(ECG)、及び臨床実験室評価により報告されるように、全般的に健康であること
特定の実験室試験結果
・空腹時グルコース≦126mg/dL
・HbA1c≦6.5%
どのエンドポイントも、(1)ベースラインから69日目までの変化(または変化パーセント)として、非盲検処置段階の間、及び(2)69日目から97日目までの変化(または変化パーセント)として、二重盲検プラセボ対照無作為離脱段階の間の、2つの時間枠で測定する。
各患者の人口学的情報及び関連のある病歴を、表4に示す。臨床試験PC025に参加した13人の対象のうち11人が、非盲検段階を完了した。全て反応者として特定され、したがって、試験の二重盲検段階において無作為化された。試験の二重盲検段階において無作為化された全ての対象が、この段階を完了した。
処置された2型糖尿病の1人の対象は、1.5mg/kgの用量で、非盲検処置期間を終了した。残りの10人の対象のうち、1人は2.4mg/kgの用量で、及び3人は3.3mg/kgの用量で非盲検処置期間を終了した。試験に参加した最後の6人の対象は、4.2mg/kgの用量で非盲検処置期間を終了した。
ベースラインにおいて、また非盲検処置の終了時に再び、DEXAにより体脂肪及び除脂肪体重を測定した。97日目にはDEXAは実行されなかったため、ベースラインから69日目までの期間中に行われた二重盲検段階において無作為化された対象に対して、身体組成測定のみが行われた。身体組成の変化を、表6に概説する。DEXAによる身体組成の変化は、成長ホルモン処置された対象及び成長ホルモンナイーブ対象に対して別個に評価した。これらの結果を表6に示す。
全ての診察において、過食質問を実施した。このデータを使用して、二重盲検段階において無作為化された全ての対象に関するベースラインから69日目までの変化、69日目から97日目までの期間に対する処置群による変化、及びベースラインから97日目までの二重盲検段階におけるDCCRが継続された対象における変化を評価することができる。ベースラインから69日目までを含む期間からの結果を、表10に要約する。69日目から97日目までを含む期間からの結果を、表11に要約する。ベースラインから97日目までの二重盲検段階におけるDCCRが継続された対象に関する結果を、表12に示す。
ベースラインにおいて、ならびに69日目及び97日目に再び、脂質パネルを評価した。このデータを使用して、二重盲検段階において無作為化された全ての対象に関するベースラインから69日目までの変化、69日目から97日目までの期間に対する処置群による変化、及びベースラインから97日目までの二重盲検段階におけるDCCRが継続された対象における変化を評価することができる。ベースラインから69日目までを含む期間からの結果を、表13に要約する。ベースラインから97日目までの二重盲検段階におけるDCCRが継続された対象に関する結果を、表14に示す。
ベースラインにおいて、及び69日目に再び、レプチン及びグレリンを測定した。レプチン及びグレリンに関するベースラインから69日目までの結果を、表15に記載する。
PWSの自然経過試験から適合された質問を使用して、ベースラインにおいて、また69日目において再び、23のPWS関連行動の有無を報告した。これらの行動は、一般に、以下の4つのカテゴリーに分類される。
(1)攻撃的、脅迫的及び破壊的行動;
(2)自傷行動;
(3)強迫行動;ならびに
(4)他の行動。
ベースラインにおいて、及び69日目に再び、質問を実施した。攻撃的、脅迫的及び破壊的行動、ならびに全ての他の行動の中止率を、表16に示す。
安静時エネルギー消費及び呼吸商の測定は、診察毎に極めて変動し得る。その変動性にもかかわらず、安静時エネルギー消費及び呼吸商は、ベースラインから69日目まで変化していないようであった。
他の臨床試験におけるDCCRによる処置は、インスリン耐性の恒常性モデル評価(HOMA−IR)における変化により測定されるように、インスリン耐性の改善と関連していた。インスリン感受性の改善は、ジアゾキシドに関する文献において十分説明されている。本試験の二重盲検段階に参加した対象は、ベースラインにおいて極めてインスリン感受性であったが、これはこの年齢範囲内のPWS患者に典型的である。以前のDCCR臨床試験、及び歴史的に重要なジアゾキシド文献と一致して、10週間のDCCRによる処置は、ベースラインの2.61±1.85から69日目の1.46±1.36までHOMA−IRの改善をもたらした。差は、統計的有意性には達しなかった(p=0.095)。
第1の例では、スミス−マゲニス症候群患者をジアゾキシドの経口懸濁液で処置する。初期用量は約1mg/kgであり、分割用量で投与する。患者を1から2週間の期間1mg/kgで安定して処置した後、用量を約1.5mg/kgに漸増する。患者を1から2週間の期間1.5mg/kgで安定して処置した後、用量を約2.0mg/kgに漸増する。各漸増ステップにおける約0.5mg/kgの用量増加及び各ステップにおける1から2週間の処置期間のこのプロセスを、患者が処置に対する適正な反応を示すまで、または5mg/kgの最大用量に達するまで継続する。処置に対する可能な反応としては、体脂肪の減少、低血圧の低減、脂肪量に対する除脂肪体重の比の増加、過食の低減、胴囲の低減、体重の減少、感情的爆発及び攻撃的行動の減少、ならびに心臓血管リスク因子の改善を挙げることができる。薬物による処置は、長期的であり、一生継続され得る。
Claims (29)
- プラダー−ウィリ症候群を有する対象における高グレリン血症(hyperghrelinemia)を軽減するための薬学的製剤であって、前記薬学的製剤が、有効量のジアゾキシドまたはその薬学的に許容される塩を含み、前記薬学的製剤が前記対象に少なくとも10週間投与される、薬学的製剤。
- 前記薬学的製剤がジアゾキシドを含有する、請求項1に記載の薬学的製剤。
- 前記薬学的に許容される塩がジアゾキシドコリンである、請求項1または2に記載の薬学的製剤。
- ジアゾキシド、またはその薬学的に許容される塩が経口投与される、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の薬学的製剤。
- 前記薬学的製剤が、ジアゾキシド、またはその薬学的に許容される塩の放出速度に影響する少なくとも1種の賦形剤を含む、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の薬学的製剤。
- 前記薬学的製剤が、ジアゾキシド、またはその薬学的に許容される塩の放出を遅延させる少なくとも1種の賦形剤を含む、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の薬学的製剤。
- 前記薬学的製剤が、少なくとも1種の他の活性成分をさらに含む、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の薬学的製剤。
- 前記対象への前記薬学的製剤の投与の後、前記対象の除脂肪体重または除脂肪体重/脂肪量比が、少なくとも2%増加する、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の薬学的製剤。
- 前記対象への前記薬学的製剤の投与の後、前記対象の除脂肪体重または除脂肪体重/脂肪量比が、少なくとも3%増加する、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の薬学的製剤。
- 前記対象への前記薬学的製剤の投与の後、前記対象の除脂肪体重または除脂肪体重/脂肪量比が、少なくとも4%増加する、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の薬学的製剤。
- 前記対象への前記薬学的製剤の投与の後、前記対象の除脂肪体重または除脂肪体重/脂肪量比が、少なくとも5%増加する、請求項1〜7のいずれか一項に記載の薬学的製剤。
- 前記薬学的製剤が、前記対象に1年以上投与される、請求項1〜11のいずれか一項に記載の薬学的製剤。
- 前記対象への前記薬学的製剤の投与の後、前記対象の過食が少なくとも10%低減する、請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載の薬学的製剤。
- 前記対象への前記薬学的製剤の投与の後、前記対象の過食が少なくとも20%低減する、請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載の薬学的製剤。
- 前記対象への前記薬学的製剤の投与の後、前記対象の過食が少なくとも30%低減する、請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載の薬学的製剤。
- 前記対象への前記薬学的製剤の投与の後、IGF−1の血中濃度(circulating concentration)が増加しない、請求項1〜15のいずれか一項に記載の薬学的製剤。
- 前記薬学的製剤が前記対象に1日2回投与される、請求項1〜16のいずれか一項に記載の薬学的製剤。
- 前記薬学的製剤が前記対象に1日1回投与される、請求項1〜16のいずれか一項に記載の薬学的製剤。
- 前記投与が、前記対象にヒト成長ホルモンを投与することをさらに含む、請求項1〜18のいずれか一項に記載の薬学的製剤。
- 前記ヒト成長ホルモンが注射により投与される、請求項19に記載の薬学的製剤。
- 前記投与が、前記対象にヒト成長ホルモンを投与することを含まない、請求項1〜18のいずれか一項に記載の薬学的製剤。
- プラダー−ウィリ症候群を有する対象における高グレリン血症(hyperghrelinemia)を軽減するための薬学的製剤の製造における、ジアゾキシドまたはその薬学的に許容される塩の使用であって、前記薬学的製剤は、有効量のジアゾキシドまたはその薬学的に許容される塩を含み、前記薬学的製剤が前記対象に少なくとも10週間投与される、使用。
- 前記薬学的製剤がジアゾキシドを含む、請求項22に記載の使用。
- 前記薬学的に許容される塩がジアゾキシドコリンである、請求項22または23に記載の使用。
- 前記薬学的製剤が、ジアゾキシド、またはその薬学的に許容される塩の放出速度に影響する少なくとも1種の賦形剤を含む、請求項22〜24のいずれか一項に記載の使用。
- 前記薬学的製剤が、ジアゾキシド、またはその薬学的に許容される塩の放出を遅延させる少なくとも1種の賦形剤を含む、請求項22〜25のいずれか一項に記載の使用。
- 前記薬学的製剤が、少なくとも1種の他の活性成分をさらに含む、請求項22〜26のいずれか一項に記載の使用。
- 前記対象への前記薬学的製剤の投与の後、前記対象の除脂肪体重または除脂肪体重/脂肪量比が、少なくとも2%増加する、請求項22〜27のいずれか一項に記載の使用。
- 前記対象への前記薬学的製剤の投与の後、前記対象の過食が少なくとも10%低減する、請求項22〜28のいずれか一項に記載の使用。
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