JP6935643B2 - How to feed ruminants - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a method for breeding ruminants. In particular, the present invention relates to a technique for improving the fat content of milk obtained from ruminants.

Generally, in the field of livestock farming, a concentrated feed having high nutritional value is often used together with roughage such as pasture for the purpose of increasing the milk yield and weight of livestock. Concentrated feed contains a large amount of easily digestible carbohydrates (starch, etc.) such as corn, wheat, and soybeans, while roughage is fermented hay (hay, straw) or green-cut grass. Mainly (silaged ones).

Ruminants are able to ingest and digest roughage because they have lumens (rumens). Lumen occupies the largest volume of multiple stomachs of ruminants and is rich in microorganisms (lumen microorganisms) capable of decomposing (lumen fermentation) indigestible polysaccharides such as cellulose and hemicellulose in roughage. It has been.

However, cellulose and hemicellulose in roughage often bind to lignins and exist as a lignin-cellulose complex and a lignin-hemicellulose complex, respectively. Such a complex may not be sufficiently decomposed in rumen fermentation, and the roughage has a problem that the feed efficiency tends to be insufficient. In addition, it has been considered unfavorable in terms of the environment because a large amount of undigested material causes an increase in the amount of feces.

In addition, roughage is susceptible to grass yield and cropping, and supply is unstable. Especially in Japan, since most of the roughage depends on imports, price fluctuations are generally large, and imports may be difficult due to various circumstances of the exporting country, which may put pressure on ranch management.

Therefore, there is a demand for a ruminant feed that can replace pasture, has excellent feed efficiency, is inexpensive, and is stably available.

Here, in order to increase the nutrient concentration in the feed, it is common practice to add a concentrated feed containing a large amount of easily digestible carbohydrate (starch) to the roughage. In order to maintain the milk yield of dairy livestock or to maintain the weight gain of meat livestock, it is necessary to increase the feed intake as well, but the energy requirement due to the increase in milk yield and the increase in physique This is because the rate of increase exceeds the rate of increase in the amount of feed consumed. However, carbohydrates such as starch in concentrated feeds can sharply lower the pH of the rumen, resulting in rumen acidosis. Rumen acidosis is a type of ruminant disease caused by the rapid ingestion of carbohydrate-rich grains, concentrates, fruits and the like.

As a feed for improving or maintaining milk fat, Patent Document 1 describes that a feed containing antacid contains antacid, Patent Document 2 contains cottonseed in the feed, and Patent Document 3 describes sodium. It has been proposed to feed antacids or magnesium antacids.

On the other hand, as a feed for preventing rumen acidosis, Patent Document 4 discloses a livestock feed in which a wood-based material is crushed into fine particles by applying a high impact force. Further, regarding the pelletized feed, Patent Document 5 describes that the processed food residue is pelletized to produce the feed, and Patent Document 6 (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2013-518880) describes that lignocellulosic biomass is pelletized. Proposed. Further, Patent Document 7 discloses that feeding a feed containing neutral detergend fiber, starch and apple juice lees to a calf with an underdeveloped rumen alleviates rumen acidosis and improves fecal properties. There is.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2006-141312 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 5-41953 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2-3547 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2011-83281 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 10-7719 International release WO2011 / 097075 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2013-255433

In general, the milk fat content in milk often decreases in the summer and after delivery, and many farmers actually suffer from a decrease in milk fat content. In addition, laws and regulations related to dairy products (Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, Ministry of Milk, etc.) stipulate that milk has a non-fat milk solid content of 8.0% or more and a milk fat content of 3.0% or more, and is commercially available. Most of these products have a non-fat milk solid content of 8.3% or more and a milk fat content of 3.5% or more, so there is a great need for a technique for increasing the milk fat content.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to develop a technique for improving the fat content of milk obtained from ruminants.

As a result of diligent studies on the above problems, the inventors of the present invention have found that the milk fat content can be increased by feeding a feed containing wood pulp to a ruminant animal, and have completed the present invention.

The present invention includes, but is not limited to, the following aspects.
(1) A method for improving the milk fat content of a ruminant, including feeding a ruminant with a feed containing 1 to 15% by mass of wood pulp for 10 days or more and collecting the milk of the ruminant. ..
(2) The method according to (1), wherein the ruminants are ingested a feed containing a concentrated feed but not containing wood pulp before ingesting the feed containing wood pulp.
(3) The milk fat content at the time when the feed containing wood pulp was ingested was 0.2% or more higher than the milk fat content at the time when the feed containing no wood pulp was ingested. The method described in 2).
(4) The method according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the ruminant is a dairy cow.
(5) The method according to any one of (1) to (4), wherein the wood pulp is kraft pulp.
(6) The method according to any one of (1) to (5), wherein the wood pulp has a kappa value of 5 or more.
(7) The method according to any one of (1) to (6), wherein the wood pulp is a pulp that has been subjected to oxygen delignin treatment.
(8) The method according to any one of (1) to (7), wherein the wood pulp is an oxygen-de-lignin kraft pulp obtained by oxygen-deliginizing unbleached kraft pulp and has a copper value of 5 to 15.

According to the present invention, the fat content of milk obtained from ruminants such as cows can be improved.

The present invention improves the milk fat content of ruminants by ingesting a feed containing 1 to 15% by mass of wood pulp to the ruminants for 10 days or more. The present invention is preferably applied to ruminants eating a feed containing a concentrated feed but not containing wood pulp before ingesting a feed containing 1 to 15% by mass of wood pulp. In addition, the milk fat content at the time when the feed containing wood pulp is ingested may be 0.2% or more higher than the milk fat content at the time when the feed containing no wood pulp is ingested. preferable.

In general, milk is composed of about 87.6% water and about 12.4 solids, and milk solids include milk fat and non-fat solids (milk fat is about 3.8%, Non-fat solid content is about 8.6%). Acetic acid and butyric acid are synthesized from fiber, sugar and starch contained in the feed by rumen fermentation, and the synthesized acetic acid and butyric acid are absorbed in the rumen and stored in the liver, and milk fat in the mammary gland. Is synthesized. It is also known that body-accumulated fat is partially used for the synthesis of milk fat. In general, milk fat, non-fat solids (SNF), and milk protein are subject to seasonal fluctuations and tend to be low in summer, when the postpartum lactation peaks (50-60 days after calving). It is known that it tends to be lower at a time slightly later than (around 90 to 100 days after delivery). In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the feed containing wood pulp can be fed to the ruminants between May-October in the Northern Hemisphere (November-April in the Southern Hemisphere).

The ruminant feed of the present invention is applied to ruminants. Examples of ruminants include cows such as dairy cows and fattening cows, sheep and goats. When the feed of the present invention is fed to a ruminant, there are no particular restrictions on the age, physique, health condition, etc. of the ruminant to which it is applied, and for example, it can be used from calves to adult cows during the feeding period. The feed of the present invention is fed for at least 10 days, but more preferably 12 days or more.

The feed of the present invention contains wood pulp, which is a pulp derived from wood, and preferably contains 1 to 15% by mass of wood pulp, more preferably 1.5 to 10% by mass, based on dry matter. It may be contained in an amount of 2 to 8% by mass.

Although the feed of the present invention contains wood pulp, pulp produced by a known pulping method can be used without limitation. For example, both mechanical pulp and chemical pulp can be applied. Examples of the mechanical pulp include crushed wood pulp (GP), refiner ground wood pulp (RGP), thermomechanical pulp (TMP), and chemithermomechanical pulp (CTMP). Examples of the chemical pulp include kraft pulp (KP), dissolved kraft pulp (DKP), sulfite pulp (SP), dissolved sulfite pulp (DSP) and the like. Further, both bleached pulp and unbleached pulp can be used. Among these, chemical pulp treated with oxygen delignin, bleached chemical pulp and the like are preferable. Further, pulp having a kappa value of 5 to 15 and kraft pulp are more preferable, and kraft pulp treated with oxygen delignin having a kappa value of 5 to 15 is particularly preferable.

In the ruminant feed of the present invention, the pulp may consist of one type or a mixture of a plurality of pulps. For example, chemical pulp with different raw materials and manufacturing methods (hardwood kraft pulp, coniferous kraft pulp, melted broadleaf kraft pulp, melted coniferous kraft pulp), or mechanical pulp (crushed wood pulp, refiner groundwood pulp, thermomechanical pulp, chemothermomechanical pulp). ), May be mixed and used.

As the raw material wood, for example, hardwood, conifer, miscellaneous wood, bamboo, kenaf, bagasse, and air bunch after squeezing palm oil can be used. Specifically, as broad-leaved trees, beech, cinnamon, white birch, poplar, eucalyptus, acacia, oak, itaya maple, sennoki, elm, kiri, magnolia obovata, yanagi, sen, ubamegashi, konara, oak, horse chestnut, zelkova, mizume, mizuki , Aodamo and the like are exemplified. Conifers include Sugi, Spruce, Karamatsu, Black pine, Todomatsu, Himekomatsu, Ichii, Nezuko, Harimomi, Iramomi, Inumaki, Fir, Sawara, Togasawara, Asunaro, Hiba, Tsuga, Kometsuga, Hinoki, Ichii, Inugaya (Beihiba), Lawson Hinoki (Beihi), Douglas fir (Beimatsu), Sitka spruce (Beitohi), Radiata pine, Eastern spruce, Eastern white pine, Western larch, Western fur, Western hemlock, Tamarack and the like are exemplified.

Kraft pulp When kraft pulp is produced from wood chips, the wood chips are put into a cooking pot together with the cooking liquid and used for kraft cooking. Further, it may be used for the cooking of modified kraft methods such as MCC, EMCC, ITC and Lo-solid. Further, there is no particular limitation on the cooking type such as 1 Vessel liquid phase type, 1 Vessel gas phase / liquid phase type, 2 Vessel liquid phase / gas phase type, and 2 Vessel liquid phase type. That is, the step of impregnating the alkaline aqueous solution of the present application and holding the alkaline aqueous solution may be installed separately from the device or site for the purpose of the conventional permeation treatment of the cooking liquid. Preferably, the unbleached pulp that has been digested is washed with a washing device such as a diffusion washer after extracting the cooking liquid. The liquid ratio of the wood chip to the chemical solution can be, for example, 1.0 to 5.0 L / kg, preferably 1.5 to 4.5 L / kg, and even more preferably 2.0 to 4.0 L / kg. ..

Further, in the present invention, an alkaline cooking liquid containing 0.01 to 1.5% by mass of a quinone compound per absolute dry chip may be added to the cooking pot. If the amount of the quinone compound added is less than 0.01% by mass, the amount added is too small to reduce the copper value of the pulp after cooking, and the relationship between the copper value and the pulp yield is not improved. Furthermore, the reduction of dregs and the suppression of the decrease in viscosity are also insufficient. Further, even if the addition amount of the quinone compound exceeds 1.5% by mass, further reduction of the kappa value of the pulp after cooking and improvement of the relationship between the kappa value and the pulp yield are not observed.

The quinone compound used is a quinone compound as a so-called known cooking aid, a hydroquinone compound or a precursor thereof, and at least one compound selected from these can be used. Examples of these compounds include anthraquinone, dihydroanthraquinone (eg, 1,4-dihydroanthraquinone), tetrahydroanthraquinone (eg, 1,4,4a, 9a-tetrahydroanthraquinone, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroanthraquinone). , Methylanthraquinone (eg 1-methylanthraquinone, 2-methylanthraquinone), methyldihydroanthraquinone (eg 2-methyl-1,4-dihydroanthraquinone), methyltetrahydroanthraquinone (eg 1-methyl-1,4,4a) , 9a-tetrahydroanthraquinone, 2-methyl-1,4,4a, 9a-tetrahydroanthraquinone) and other quinone compounds such as anthraquinone (generally 9,10-dihydroxyanthraquinone) and methylanthrahydroquinone (eg, 2-methyl). Anthraquinone), dihydroanthraquinone (eg, 1,4-dihydro-9,10-dihydroxyanthraquinone) or an alkali metal salt thereof (eg, disodium salt of anthraquinone, 1,4-dihydro-9,10-) It is a hydroquinone compound such as a disodium salt of dihydroxyanthraquinone), and examples thereof include precursors such as anthraquinone, anthraquinone, methylanthronone, and methylanthraquinone. These precursors have the potential to be converted to quinone or hydroquinone compounds under cooking conditions.

The cooking liquid preferably has an active alkali addition rate (AA) of 10 to 35% by mass per weight of anti-dry wood chips. If the active alkali addition rate is less than 10% by mass, the removal of lignin and hemilulose is insufficient, and if it exceeds 35% by mass, the yield and quality are lowered. Here, the active alkali addition rate is _{obtained by converting the total addition rate of NaOH and Na 2} S as the addition rate of Na ₂ O, and multiplys NaOH by 0.775 and Na ₂ S by 0.795. This can be converted into the addition rate of Na _{2 O.} The sulfurization degree is preferably in the range of 20 to 35%. In the region where the sulfurization degree is less than 20%, the delignin property is lowered, the pulp viscosity is lowered, and the meal rate is increased.

Craft cooking is preferably carried out in a temperature range of 120 to 180 ° C, more preferably 140 to 160 ° C. If the temperature is too low, delignin (decrease in copper value) is insufficient, while if the temperature is too high, the degree of polymerization (viscosity) of cellulose decreases. The cooking time in the present invention is the time from when the cooking temperature reaches the maximum temperature until the temperature starts to decrease. The cooking time is preferably 60 minutes or more and 600 minutes or less, and 120 minutes or more and 360 minutes or less. Is even more preferable. If the cooking time is less than 60 minutes, pulping does not proceed, and if it exceeds 600 minutes, the pulp production efficiency deteriorates, which is not preferable.

Further, in the craft cooking in the present invention, the treatment temperature and the treatment time can be set by using the H factor (Hf) as an index. The H factor is a guideline for expressing the total amount of heat given to the reaction system in the cooking process, and is expressed by the following formula. The H factor is calculated by integrating the time from the time when the chips and water are mixed to the time when the cooking is completed. The H factor is preferably 300 to 2000.

Hf = ∫exp (43.20-16113 / T) dt
[In the formula, T represents the absolute temperature at a certain point in time]
In the present invention, the unbleached (unbleached) pulp obtained after cooking can be subjected to various treatments, if necessary. For example, unbleached pulp obtained after kraft cooking can be bleached.

The pulp obtained by kraft cooking can be subjected to oxygen delignin treatment. As the oxygen delignin used in the present invention, a known medium-concentration method or high-concentration method can be applied as it is. In the case of the medium concentration method, the pulp concentration is preferably 8 to 15% by mass, and in the case of the high concentration method, the pulp concentration is preferably 20 to 35% by mass. Sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide can be used as the alkali in oxygen delignin, and oxygen from the cryogenic separation method, oxygen from PSA (Pressure Swing Adsorption), and VSA (Vacuum Swing Adsorption) can be used as the oxygen gas. ) Can be used.

The reaction conditions for the oxygen delignin treatment are not particularly limited, but the oxygen pressure is 3 to 9 kg / cm ² , more preferably 4 to 7 kg / cm ² , and the alkali addition rate is 0.5 to 4 mass per pulp dry weight. %, Treatment temperature 80 to 140 ° C., Treatment time 20 to 180 minutes, and other known conditions can be applied. In the present invention, the oxygen delignin treatment may be performed a plurality of times. Further, the kappa value of kraft pulp after being subjected to oxygen delignin treatment or the like is preferably 5 to 15.

For the purpose of further lowering the copper value and improving the whiteness, the pulp subjected to the oxygen delignin treatment is, for example, then sent to a washing step, washed, and then sent to a multi-step bleaching step to perform the multi-step bleaching treatment. It can be carried out. The multi-stage bleaching treatment of the present invention is not particularly limited, but acid (A), chlorine dioxide (D), alkali (E), oxygen (O), hydrogen peroxide (P), ozone (Z), and the like. It is preferable to combine a known bleaching agent such as hydrogen peroxide with a bleaching aid. For example, the chlorine dioxide bleaching stage (D) and the ozone bleaching stage (Z) are used for the first stage of the multi-stage bleaching treatment, the alkali extraction stage (E) and the hydrogen peroxide stage (P) are used for the second stage, and the third and subsequent stages are used. Is preferably a bleaching sequence using chlorine dioxide or hydrogen peroxide. The number of stages after the third stage is not particularly limited, but considering energy efficiency, productivity, etc., it is preferable to finish with a total of three or four stages. Further, a chelating agent treatment stage with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) or the like may be inserted during the multi-stage bleaching treatment.

Preparation and Feeding of Feed The feed of the present invention may be prepared by preparing wood pulp together with other feed components, and the prepared compound feed can be fed to ruminants. Other feed components include roughage (eg grass), concentrates (eg cereals such as corn and wheat, beans such as soybeans), bran, rice bran, okara, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals and additives (preservation). Agents, coloring agents, fragrances, etc.), etc.

When a concentrated feed is added to the feed of the present invention, for example, grains such as corn, wheat, barley, and polished rice can be used. In the feed of the present invention, for example, grains such as rice, wheat, barley, barley, mylo, and corn can be used as the main starch source.

In the present invention, the roughage is preferably blended at a constant level, and for example, it is preferably contained in an amount of 5 to 50% by mass, more preferably 15 to 48% by mass, and may be 25 to 45% by mass in terms of dry matter. .. Examples of raw materials for roughage include soybean, soybean meal (including soybean meal that has been subjected to sugared heat treatment or humidified heat treatment, etc.), rapeseed meal, flaxseed meal, corn gluten meal, concentrated soybean protein, wheat gluten, and wheat gluten enzyme. Decomposition products and the like can be mentioned. In particular, soybean-derived crude protein feedstocks such as soybean meal (excluding those that have been subjected to sugar heat treatment or humidification heat treatment) are fed with a large amount of soluble protein to increase the digestibility of fibers in the rumen. From the viewpoint of improving the growth of calves, and by blending NDF feed raw materials with a relatively high crude fat content such as DDGS, it is possible to prevent the crude fat content in the feed from becoming excessively high. It is preferable to blend in.

In the present invention, sugars may be added to the feed, and for example, glucose, fructose, sucrose, lactose, maltose and the like can be preferably added.

In addition to the above-mentioned raw materials, the feed of the present invention includes feed raw materials for seasonings, minerals, vitamins, organic minerals, grasses, gramineous plants, crystalline amino acids, fats and oils, fatty acids, fatty acid calcium, adsorbents, minerals, plants. May include extracts, fermented products, flavoring agents, organic acids, antibiotics, animal feeds, microbial components, herbal medicines, enzyme preparations, oligosaccharides, woody feeds, binders, other plant processing by-products, etc. ..

Examples of grasses include orchardgrass, timothy, oatshay, alfalfa, Italian ryegrass, red clover and the like, and examples of feed raw materials derived from gramineous plants include sorghum, wheat straw, rice straw and the like. Can be mentioned. However, feed raw materials derived from grass and grasses are not easy to digest for calves under 3 months of age, for example, so they are supplied as roughage as needed for the purpose of stimulating the stomach wall of rumen. The calf feed of the present invention preferably does not contain it, or even if it contains it, the amount is small.

In a preferred embodiment, wood pulp and other feed components may be compression molded into pellet-like form. The feed used in combination with the feed pellets of the present invention may be in the form of pulp, powder, or fluff, but corn or the form of a cut sheet may be used by compression molding into cubes or pellets. It is preferable because it can be easily mixed with other feeds such as grass, and can be easily transported and handled.

When compression molding into a cube shape, it is preferable to form a cube having a length of 5 to 50 mm, a width of 5 to 50 mm, and a height of 5 to 50 mm. When compression molding into pellets, it is preferably cylindrical with a diameter of 5 to 50 mm and a length of 5 to 80 mm. The device for performing compression molding is not particularly limited, but a briquette (manufactured by Kitagawa Iron Works), a ring die type pelletizer (manufactured by CPM), a flat die type pelletizer (manufactured by Dalton), and the like are desirable.

In the case of a sheet-like form, ^{it is preferable to use a sheet piece having a basis weight of 300 to 2000 g / m 2} and a size of 5 to 50 mm × 5 to 50 mm.

The ruminant feed of the present invention preferably has a water content of 15% by mass or less. By setting the water content to 15% by mass or less, the transportability can be improved and the putrefaction caused by microorganisms can be reduced. The water content of the feed may be, for example, 1% by mass or more, or may be adjusted to 5% by mass or more.

The ruminant feed of the present invention can have, for example, the total amount of digestible nutrients (TDN) of 50 to 95%, but may be 60 to 85%, and further may be 65 to 80%. Crude Protein (CP) can be, for example, 5-40%, but may be 10-30%, even 13-25%.

The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to specific examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following specific examples. In this specification, the concentration and% are based on mass unless otherwise specified, and the numerical range is described as including the end points thereof.

Experiment 1: Production of feed containing wood pulp Based on the formulation shown in the table below, feeds used in the control group and the test group were prepared. The feed of the control group and the feed of the test group were blended so that the total amount of digestible nutrients (TDN), crude protein (CP), and roughage ratio in the dry matter were almost the same (TDN: about 75%, CP: about 14). 6.6%, roughage ratio: about 40%). Since the wood kraft pulp (TDN: 90% or more) had a TDN equivalent to that of corn shavings, it was replaced with corn shavings.

(Roughage)
・ Corn silage (produced in-house at Miyazaki Prefectural Livestock Experiment Station)
・ Italian ryegrass silage (produced in-house at Miyazaki Prefectural Livestock Experiment Station)
・ Lusan Hay (American, purchased from Kyushu Northan Trading Co., Ltd., Alfalfa ・ Pride)
・ Otsuhei (Australia, purchased from Yamae Kuno Co., Ltd. Feed and Livestock South Kyushu Branch)
(Concentrated feed)
・ Corn shavings (Nakajima Seimugi Kogyo, heated corn)
・ Barley pressure pieces (Nakajima Seimugi Kogyo, pressure pen with skin)
・ Soybean meal (Kato refinery, soybean meal flakes)
・ Bran (Japanese flour mill, fine bran)
-Wood kraft pulp Eucalyptus chips were kraft-melted with an active alkali addition rate of 16.0%, sulfide degree of 25%, and H factor of 800 to obtain unbleached kraft pulp (copper value: 19.8, ISO whiteness: 27.6%). After washing the above unbleached kraft pulp with tap water to adjust the concentration to 10%, the oxygen addition rate is 2.1% (per weight of absolute dry pulp), 1.4% sodium hydroxide (per weight of absolute dry pulp), and 100 ° C. , Oxygen delignin treatment was carried out in 60 minutes to obtain oxygen delignin kraft pulp (copper value: 9.4, ISO whiteness: 45.1%).
The obtained oxygen-de-lignin kraft pulp was washed with tap water and then dehydrated with a screw press (SHX-200 type, manufactured by Fukunoku Kogyo) to adjust the water content to 27.9% by mass.
(Additive)
・ Calcium carbonate (Hakuunishi Kogyo)
・ Vitamin preparation (for DSM Nutrition Japan, Vitafuck F dairy cow)

Experiment 2: Feeding test for ruminants A feed test was conducted using four milking cows (Holstein breed, order of production: 1, average number of milking days: 194 ± 40 days). The test was conducted in Japan from September to October by the crossover method in which two target plots and two test plots (hereinafter, also referred to as pulp plots) were exchanged in one period of 14 days.

The feed prepared in Experiment 1 was given in a sufficient amount once a day (satiation), and milking was performed every day.

For milk collected from milking cows, the milk yield was recorded daily and the fat content for the last 3 days of each period was measured by the Gerbel method. The measurement method is as follows.
(1) Inject 10 mL of sulfuric acid into the Gerbel milk fat meter.
(2) Take 11 mL of a well-stirred sample with a gelbel volumetric pipette and gently layer along the vessel wall. At this time, the temperature of the sample shall be kept at 15 to 20 ° C.
(3) Add 1 mL of 3-methyl-1-butanol and push in the rubber stopper.
(4) Shake the Gerbel milk fat meter to mix well, completely dissolve the agglutinin (curd), and then immerse in a water bath at 60 to 65 ° C. for 15 minutes.
(5) Centrifuge at 900 rpm for 5 minutes using a gel bell centrifuge, and then immerse again in a water bath at 60 to 65 ° C. for 5 minutes.
(6) Quickly read the fat column (from the bottom bottom to the lower edge of the meniscus) and measure the milk fat content.

The results are shown in the table. As a result of measuring the milk fat content, the milk fat content was 4.44% in the control group, whereas the milk fat content was increased to 5.19% in the test group. That is, according to the present invention, the milk fat ratio could be increased while the TDN was equivalent.

Claims (8)

Feed containing 1 to 15% by mass of wood-derived kraft pulp, corn silage, Italian ryegrass silage, lusan hay, oats hay, and soybean meal for 10 days or more from May to October in the northern hemisphere and 10 days or more in the southern hemisphere. November to April 10 days or more, a method of and letting ingestion to ruminants, comprising a recovering milk ruminants, and improving the milk fat content of ruminants. The method according to claim 1, wherein the ruminants are ingested a feed containing a concentrated feed but not containing wood pulp before ingesting the feed containing wood pulp. According to claim 2, the milk fat content at the time when the feed containing wood pulp was ingested was 0.2% or more higher than the milk fat content at the time when the feed containing wood pulp was ingested. The method described. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the ruminant is a dairy cow. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the feed further contains corn and soybean pressure pieces. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the kraft pulp has a kappa value of 5 or more. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the kraft pulp is oxygen delignin-treated pulp. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the kraft pulp is an oxygen-de-lignin kraft pulp obtained by treating unbleached kraft pulp with oxygen delignin, and has a copper value of 5 to 15.