JP6628392B2 - Ruminant feed - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to ruminant feed.

  Generally, in the pasturage field, concentrated feed with high nutritional value is often used together with roughage such as pasture for the purpose of increasing milk yield and weight gain of livestock.

  Concentrated feed contains a large amount of easily digestible carbohydrates such as corn (starch, etc.), while roughage includes dried hay (hay, straw) and fermented green grass (silage). Mainly.

  Ruminants can ingest and digest roughage due to their rumen. Rumen occupies the largest volume of the rumen's multiple stomachs, and is rich in microbial groups (rumen microorganisms) that can degrade (rumen fermentation) indigestible polysaccharides such as cellulose and hemicellulose in roughage. Have been.

  However, in many cases, cellulose and hemicellulose in roughage bind to lignins and exist as a lignin-cellulose complex or a lignin-hemicellulose complex, respectively. Such a complex may not be sufficiently decomposed in rumen fermentation, and rough feed has a problem that feed efficiency tends to be insufficient. In addition, it has been considered that an increase in undigested matter causes an increase in the amount of feces, which is not desirable from an environmental point of view.

  Furthermore, there is a case where a large amount of nitrate nitrogen is contained in the grass, and a ruminant ingesting the nitrate may become various nitrite poisoning. Nitrite poisoning occurs because nitrite produced in the body from nitrate nitrogen in ingested pasture combines with hemoglobin in the blood that carries oxygen, and hemoglobin cannot accept oxygen. Nitrite poisoning can lead to severe suffocation and severe death of ruminants in severe cases, and can cause symptoms such as reduced milk yield in dairy cows.

  Furthermore, forage is susceptible to pasture yields and crops, and supply is unstable. In Japan, in particular, large quantities of roughage are imported, so prices generally fluctuate greatly. In addition, imports may become difficult due to the circumstances of the exporting country, which may put pressure on ranch management.

  For this reason, there is a demand for an inexpensive and stably available ruminant feed that can replace grass and has high feed efficiency, does not cause diseases such as nitrite poisoning, and is cheap.

  Here, in order to increase the nutrient concentration in the feed, it is common practice to mix a thick feed containing a large amount of easily digestible carbohydrate (starch) into the rough feed. In order to maintain the milk yield of dairy animals or to maintain the growth of meat animals, it is necessary to increase the feed intake as well. This is because the rate of increase exceeds the rate of increase in the amount of feed consumed. However, carbohydrates such as starch in the concentrated feed may rapidly lower the rumen (rumen) pH, and as a result, rumen acidosis may occur. Rumen acidosis is a disease of ruminants and is caused by the rapid consumption of carbohydrate-rich grains, concentrates, fruits and the like. In rumen acidosis, Gram-positive lactic acid-producing bacteria, particularly Streptococcus bovis and Lactobacillus microorganisms, increase in the rumen, and abnormal accumulation of lactic acid or volatile fatty acid (VFA) occurs, and the pH in the rumen ( 5 or less). The result is a reduction or disappearance of protozoa and certain bacteria in the rumen. In particular, acute acidosis is extremely dangerous because it causes rumen congestion and dehydration (a large amount of fluid moves into the stomach as the gastric osmotic pressure increases), and furthermore, coma and death.

  For the prevention of rumen acidosis, it is important to avoid abrupt changes in feed formulation, stabilize rumen fermentation and reduce pH fluctuations. In addition, since saliva contains sodium bicarbonate and contributes to pH control, it is important to feed a feed capable of secreting saliva by sufficient rumination. However, there is a concern that when the nutritional value of the feed is lowered due to fear of rumen acidosis, energy is insufficient and milk production is reduced.

  As a feed for preventing rumen acidosis, Patent Document 1 discloses a granular molasses feed comprising a mixture containing 5 to 60 molasses per 100 parts by weight of beet pulp. Patent Document 2 discloses a ruminant feed containing cellulose and / or hemicellulose in an amount of 80% by weight or more as a dry solid content. Patent Document 3 discloses a method in which a woody raw material is pulverized by giving a high impact force to the raw material. Livestock feed is disclosed.

JP 2006-174796 A JP 2011-082381 A JP 2012-105570 A

  However, the molasses feed of a granular material comprising a mixture of beet pulp and molasses described in the above-mentioned Reference 1 did not have sufficient feed efficiency including digestibility. In addition, the feeds described in Patent Documents 2 and 3 are poor in the action (physical properties) of stimulating the rumen of ruminant animals to promote rumination.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a feed for ruminants that is excellent in nutritional value and feed efficiency. In particular, the present invention is a high-physical feed that does not cause rumen acidosis and promotes rumination, has no possibility of adverse effects such as nitrite poisoning even when compared with grass, and can be cheaply and stably supplied. It is an object to provide an economically advantageous feed. Another object of the present invention is to develop a feed excellent in ruminant animal palatability.

  The inventors of the present invention have conducted intensive studies on the above problems, and found that the use of pulp containing a large amount of non-fibrous lees as a feed for ruminant animals can surprisingly solve the above problems, The present invention has been completed.

The present invention includes, but is not limited to, the following inventions.
(1) A feed for ruminants, comprising pulp containing 0.5% by weight or more of lees that do not pass through a screen having an aperture of 0.2 mm.
(2) The feed according to (1), wherein the pulp has a lees content of 1% by weight or more.
(3) The feed according to (1) or (2), wherein the pulp is derived from a plant.
(4) The feed according to any one of (1) to (3), wherein the pulp is derived from a woody resource.
(5) The feed according to any one of (1) to (4), wherein the pulp is a chemical pulp.
(6) The feed according to any one of (1) to (4), wherein the pulp is a mechanical pulp.
(7) The feed according to any one of (1) to (5), wherein the pulp is a kraft pulp. (8) A ruminant containing 0.5% by weight or more of lees that do not pass through a screen having an aperture of 0.2 mm. Pulp for use in animal feed.
(9) A step of obtaining, from chips having different sizes, pulp containing not less than 0.5% by weight of lees that do not pass through a screen having an aperture of 0.2 mm, and mixing the obtained pulp to obtain a feed for ruminants And producing a feed for ruminants.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the palatability of a ruminant is high, and the feed which has the effect | action (physical property) which stimulates the rumen of a ruminant and promotes rumination can be obtained. In particular, since the feed according to the present invention can reduce the amount of conventional concentrated feed and pasture, it can prevent rumen acidosis and nitrite poisoning. Further, the ruminant sample of the present invention can be supplied stably and inexpensively because it can be produced from plant materials such as wood.

  The feed for ruminants of the present invention is applied to ruminants. Ruminants include, for example, cows such as dairy cattle and fattening cattle, sheep, goats and the like. The timing of feeding the feed of the present invention to a ruminant, that is, the age, physique, health condition, etc. of the ruminant to which the ruminant is applied is not particularly limited, and for example, it is considered that the ruminant has a use from a calf to an adult calf. .

  The ruminant feed of the present invention contains pulp produced from a lignocellulosic material. Generally, in the production of pulp for papermaking, the residue that is not sufficiently fiberized is prevented from being generated as much as possible, and the residue is removed as much as possible in the pulp production process, but the residue is included in the present invention. There is no problem, but rather, it is necessary to contain not less than 0.5% by weight of lees such as knots and binding fibers. In the present invention, sufficient physical properties can be imparted to the feed by containing 0.5% by weight or more of lees that do not pass through a screen having an aperture of 0.2 mm.

  When a ruminant feed is produced using plant resources such as wood resources, it is preferable that the feed has physical properties. The physical property is an action that stimulates the rumen of ruminant animals to promote rumination. In general, in pulp for papermaking applications, a great deal of effort has been made to minimize coarse tying fibers, as coarse tying fibers cause significant defect quality in the paper. However, the present invention is characterized in that pulp containing non-fibrous lees is used to impart physical properties to ruminant animal feed. Therefore, when producing the feed of the present invention in a pulp production facility for papermaking, it is necessary to consider a means for producing pulp containing coarse fibers for promoting rumination.

  In the present invention, the content of non-fibrous lees in the pulp needs to be 0.5% by weight or more, preferably 1% by weight or more, more preferably 5% by weight. There is no particular upper limit for the content of the cake, but if the content of the cake exceeds 40% by weight, digestibility decreases, so that the content is preferably 40% by weight or less. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the amount of lees contained in the pulp according to the present invention is 10% by weight or more and 40% by weight or less. Within such a range, when used as ruminant feed, both physical properties and digestibility are excellent.

  As the feed for ruminants of the present invention, pulp produced by various known pulping methods can be used. For example, any of mechanical pulp and chemical pulp can be applied. Examples of the mechanical pulp include groundwood pulp (GP), refiner ground wood pulp (RGP), thermomechanical pulp (TMP), and chemithermomechanical pulp (CTMP). Examples of the chemical pulp include kraft pulp (KP), dissolved kraft pulp (DKP), sulfite pulp (SP), dissolved sulfite pulp (DSP), and the like. Either bleached pulp or unbleached pulp can be used.

  In the ruminant feed of the present invention, the pulp may be composed of one kind or a mixture of a plurality of pulps. For example, chemical pulp (hardwood kraft pulp, softwood kraft pulp, dissolved hardwood kraft pulp, dissolved softwood kraft pulp) with different raw materials and manufacturing methods, or mechanical pulp (crushed wood pulp, refiner ground wood pulp, thermomechanical pulp, chemithermomechanical pulp) )) May be used as a mixture of two or more.

  In order to increase the amount of lees, that is, those that do not pass through a screen having an aperture of 0.2 mm, for example, pulp is formed by mixing coarse chips as chips serving as pulp raw materials, or general papermaking pulp is manufactured. This can be achieved by skipping the residue removal step performed in the step.

  In the case of chemical pulp, if coarse chips are mixed into chips as a raw material, cooking becomes uneven, so that pulp containing non-fibrous lees can be efficiently produced. Furthermore, omitting the knotting and refining steps after cooking makes it possible to produce pulp containing non-fibrous lees. For example, when chips are sieved, it is preferable to mix 10% or more of coarse chips having a diameter (Φ) of 25.4 mm or more, and it is more preferable to mix 15% or more.

  In the case of mechanical pulp, after the grinder treatment (in the case of groundwood pulp), or after the refining (in the case of refiner groundwood pulp, thermomechanical pulp, or chemithermomechanical pulp), it is fiberized by manufacturing without passing through a screening process. It is possible to include no waste in the pulp.

  As a raw material wood, for example, hardwood, conifer, miscellaneous wood, bamboo, kenaf, bagasse, and air chamber after palm oil pressing can be used. Specifically, as hardwoods, there are beech, sine, birch, poplar, eucalyptus, acacia, oak, scallop, senoki, elm, kiri, honoki, willow, sen, ubamegashi, konara, kunugi, horse chestnut, zelkova, muzume, dogwood. , Aodamo and the like. The conifers include cedar, spruce, larch, black pine, fir pine, himekomatsu, yew, lizard, hari fir, iramimi, inumamaki, fir, sawara, togasawara, asunaro, hiba, tsuga, kometsuga, hinoki, yew, inugaya, spruce, yellow seaweed. (Bayhiva), Lawson cypress (Bayhi), Douglas fir (Baymatsu), Sitka spruce (Bay spruce), Radiata pine, Eastern spruce, Eastern white pine, Western larch, Western fur, Western hemlock, Tamarack and the like.

Kraft pulp The pulp in the present invention includes kraft pulp in a preferred embodiment, and particularly preferably kraft pulp derived from wood.

  In the case of producing kraft pulp from wood chips, the wood pulp is put into a digester together with a cooking liquor and subjected to kraft cooking. Moreover, you may provide for cooking by the modified kraft method, such as MCC, EMCC, ITC, and Lo-solid. Further, there is no particular limitation on a cooking type such as a 1-vessel liquid phase type, a 1-vessel gas phase / liquid phase type, a 2-vessel liquid phase / gas phase type, or a 2-vessel liquid phase type. That is, the step of impregnating and holding the alkaline aqueous solution of the present application may be provided separately from a conventional apparatus or site for the purpose of infiltrating the cooking liquor. Preferably, the unbleached pulp that has been cooked is extracted with a cooking liquor and then washed with a washing device such as a diffusion washer.

  The kraft cooking step can be performed by placing the pre-hydrolyzed wood chips together with the kraft cooking liquor in a pressure-resistant container, but the shape and size of the container are not particularly limited. The liquid ratio between the wood chip and the chemical can be, for example, 1.0 to 5.0 L / kg, preferably 1.5 to 4.5 L / kg, and more preferably 2.0 to 4.0 L / kg. .

  In the present invention, an alkaline cooking liquor containing 0.01 to 1.5% by mass of a quinone compound per absolutely dry chip is added to the digester. If the addition amount of the quinone compound is less than 0.01% by mass, the addition amount is too small, so that the kappa number of the pulp after digestion is not reduced, and the relationship between kappa number and pulp yield is not improved. Furthermore, the reduction of the residue and the reduction of the viscosity are insufficient. Further, even if the addition amount of the quinone compound exceeds 1.5% by mass, further reduction in the kappa number of the pulp after digestion and improvement in the relationship between kappa number and pulp yield are not observed.

  The quinone compound used is a quinone compound, a hydroquinone compound or a precursor thereof as a so-called known cooking aid, and at least one compound selected from these can be used. Examples of these compounds include anthraquinone, dihydroanthraquinone (for example, 1,4-dihydroanthraquinone), and tetrahydroanthraquinone (for example, 1,4,4a, 9a-tetrahydroanthraquinone, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroanthraquinone) , Methylanthraquinone (for example, 1-methylanthraquinone, 2-methylanthraquinone), methyldihydroanthraquinone (for example, 2-methyl-1,4-dihydroanthraquinone), methyltetrahydroanthraquinone (for example, 1-methyl-1,4,4a) Quinone compounds such as 2,9a-tetrahydroanthraquinone, 2-methyl-1,4,4a, 9a-tetrahydroanthraquinone), anthrahydroquinone (generally 9,10-dihydroxyanthracene), Cylanthrahydroquinone (for example, 2-methylanthrahydroquinone), dihydroanthrahydroanthraquinone (for example, 1,4-dihydro-9,10-dihydroxyanthracene) or an alkali metal salt thereof (for example, disodium salt of anthrahydroquinone, 1 , 4-dihydro-9,10-dihydroxyanthracene), and precursors such as anthrone, anthranol, methylanthrone and methylanthranol. These precursors have the potential to convert to quinone or hydroquinone compounds under digestion conditions.

When the wood chips are softwood, the cooking liquor preferably has an active alkali addition rate (AA) of 16 to 22% by mass relative to the weight of the absolutely dry wood chips. If the active alkali addition rate is less than 16% by mass, the removal of lignin and hemilulose will be insufficient, and if it exceeds 22% by mass, the yield and the quality will decrease. Here, the active alkali addition rate is a value obtained by converting the total addition rate of NaOH and Na ₂ S as the addition rate of Na ₂ O, and multiplies 0.775 for NaOH and 0.795 for Na ₂ S. This can be converted to the addition rate of Na ₂ O. Further, the degree of sulfuration is preferably in the range of 20 to 35%. In the region where the degree of sulfuration is less than 20%, the delignification property is reduced, the pulp viscosity is reduced, and the lees rate is increased.

  Kraft cooking is preferably performed in a temperature range of 120 to 180 ° C, more preferably 140 to 160 ° C. If the temperature is too low, delignification (reduction of Kappa number) is insufficient, while if the temperature is too high, the degree of polymerization (viscosity) of cellulose decreases. Further, the cooking time in the present invention is a time from when the cooking temperature reaches the maximum temperature to when the temperature starts to decrease, and the cooking time is preferably 60 minutes or more and 600 minutes or less, and 120 minutes or more and 360 minutes or less. Is more preferred. If the digestion time is less than 60 minutes, pulping does not proceed, and if it exceeds 600 minutes, the pulp production efficiency deteriorates, which is not preferable.

  In the kraft cooking in the present invention, the processing temperature and the processing time can be set using the H factor (Hf) as an index. The H factor is a measure of the total amount of heat applied to the reaction system during the cooking process, and is represented by the following equation. The H factor is calculated by integrating the time from the time when the chips and water are mixed to the time when the digestion ends.

Hf = ∫exp (43.20-16113 / T) dt
[Where T represents the absolute temperature at a certain point]
In the present invention, the unbleached (unbleached) pulp obtained after the cooking can be subjected to various treatments, if necessary. For example, unbleached pulp obtained after kraft cooking can be subjected to a bleaching treatment.

  The pulp obtained by the kraft digestion can be subjected to an oxygen delignification treatment. As the oxygen delignification used in the present invention, a known medium concentration method or high concentration method can be applied as it is. The pulp concentration is preferably 8 to 15% by mass in the case of the medium concentration method, and 20 to 35% by mass in the case of the high concentration method. Sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide can be used as the alkali in the oxygen delignification. As the oxygen gas, oxygen from cryogenic separation, oxygen from PSA (Pressure Swing Adsorption), VSA (Vacuum Swing Adsorption) can be used. ) Can be used.

The reaction conditions for the oxygen delignification treatment are not particularly limited, but the oxygen pressure is 3 to 9 kg / cm ² , more preferably 4 to 7 kg / cm ² , the alkali addition rate is 0.5 to 4% by mass, and the temperature is 80. To 140 ° C., the treatment time is 20 to 180 minutes, and other known conditions can be applied. In the present invention, the oxygen delignification treatment may be performed plural times.

  In order to further reduce the kappa number and improve the whiteness, the pulp subjected to the oxygen delignification treatment is, for example, sent to a washing step, and after washing, sent to a multi-stage bleaching step, and may be subjected to a multi-stage bleaching treatment. it can. The multi-stage bleaching treatment of the present invention is not particularly limited, but includes acid (A), chlorine dioxide (D), alkali (E), oxygen (O), hydrogen peroxide (P), ozone (Z), It is preferred to combine a known bleaching agent such as a peracid with a bleaching aid. For example, the first stage of the multi-stage bleaching process uses a chlorine dioxide bleaching stage (D) or an ozone bleaching stage (Z), the second stage involves an alkali extraction stage (E), a hydrogen peroxide stage (P), and the third stage and thereafter. A bleaching sequence using chlorine dioxide or hydrogen peroxide is preferably used. Although the number of stages after the third stage is not particularly limited, it is preferable that the process be completed in three or four stages in consideration of energy efficiency, productivity, and the like. Further, during the multi-stage bleaching process, a chelating agent treatment stage using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) or the like may be inserted.

  The ruminant feed containing the pulp of the present invention may be in the form of pulp, powder, fluff, or may be formed into a corn or a pellet by compression molding or cut into a sheet. This is preferable because it can be easily mixed with other feeds such as grass and grass, and transportation and handling become easier.

  When compression-molding into a cube shape, it is preferable to make a cube having a length of 5 to 50 mm, a width of 5 to 50 mm and a height of 5 to 50 mm. When compression-molding into a pellet, it is preferable to be a cylinder having a diameter of 5 to 50 mm and a length of 5 to 80 mm. The apparatus for performing the compression molding is not particularly limited, but a briquetter (manufactured by Kitagawa Iron Works), a ring die type pelletizer (manufactured by CPM), a flat die type pelletizer (manufactured by Dalton) and the like are preferable.

In the case of a sheet form, it is preferable that the sheet has a basis weight of 300 to 2000 g / cm ³ and a size of 5 to 50 mm × 5 to 50 mm.

  The ruminant feed of the present invention may have a pulp content (including lees) of 100%, but may contain other feed components to enhance nutrition and palatability. At that time, the pulp content based on the solid content of all samples is preferably 80% by weight or more, and more preferably 90% by weight or more. Other feed components include rough feed (eg, grass), concentrated feed (eg, corn, wheat and other grains, soybeans and other beans), bran, rice bran, okara, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals, and additives (preserved). , Coloring agents, fragrances, etc.). These other feed components may be mixed into the pulp during compression molding.

  The feed for ruminants of the present invention preferably has a water content of 15% or less. By setting the water content to 15% or less, transportability is improved, and decay by microorganisms can be reduced.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto. In addition, in this specification,% is a mass reference | standard unless there is particular notice, and a numerical range is described as including the endpoint.

Experiment 1: Production of pulp Kraft pulp was produced using two eucalyptus wood chips having different sizes. First, chips (thickness: about 3 mm) manufactured from eucalyptus wood are fractionated by a sieving test machine into a fraction having a diameter (Φ) of 9.5 to 25.4 mm and a fraction having a diameter of more than 25.4 mm. did. And only the chip having a diameter of 9.5 to 25.4 mm (Experiment 1-1), a mixed chip of a chip having a diameter of 9.5 to 25.4 mm and a chip having a diameter exceeding 25.4 mm (weight ratio = 9: 1. Kraft pulp was produced using Experiment 1-2) as described below.

  The above chips (equivalent to 300 g of absolutely dry) were put into a pressure vessel, and kraft cooking was performed under the conditions of an active alkali addition rate of 13.0%, a sulfide degree of 25%, and an H factor of 830 to obtain unbleached kraft pulp. Table 1 below shows the results obtained by measuring the whiteness, the lees percentage, and the kappa value of the kraft pulp thus obtained. In addition, the lees rate (% by weight) was calculated by passing the kraft pulp through a flat screen having an aperture of 0.2 mm, and calculating the lees that did not pass through the screen as lees.

  As shown in Table 1, the sample that had been kraft digested with a large chip mixed therein contained a large amount of residue remaining without being sufficiently fibrilized.

  The obtained unbleached kraft pulp is subjected to centrifugal dehydration to a moisture content of 70 ± 3%, and then placed in a square vat (outer dimensions: 255 mm × 320 mm × 63 mm) and weighed at 105 ° C. using a blow dryer. It was dried until it reached.

Experiment 2: Measurement of saccharification rate The kraft pulp (air-dry weight: 400 mg) obtained in Experiment 1 was accurately weighed into a resin sample bottle (50 ml volume). 45 ml of a suspension containing 0.1% of cellulase (trade name: 102321 Cellulase Onozuka R-10, Merck Co., Ltd.) at pH 4.8 was added to the container, and saccharification treatment was performed at 45 ° C. for 48 hours.

  Samples were collected at 2 hours, 4 hours, 8 hours, 24 hours, and 48 hours, and the ratio of saccharified pulp (cellulase saccharification rate) was measured. Specifically, after filtration on a filter paper whose constant weight was determined in advance, washing with water four times, drying was performed in a ventilation dryer at 135 ° C. for 2 hours, and the dry matter weight of the residue was measured.

  The cellulase saccharification rate has a high correlation with the digestibility in ruminants, and it is considered that the higher the saccharification rate, the easier it is to digest in ruminants.

In this experiment, in addition to the kraft pulp obtained in Experiment 1, the saccharification rate was measured for Bermudagrass hay (commercially available), which is a general roughage. As shown in Table 2, the pulp containing a large amount of pulp (Experiment 2-1) had a slightly inferior saccharification rate as compared with the pulp with sufficient fiberization and low pulp (Experiment 2-2). The saccharification rate was higher than that of Bermudagrass hay (Experiment 2-3), which is a typical roughage.
-Experiment 2-1: Kraft pulp of Experiment 1-2-Experiment 2-2: Kraft pulp of Experiment 1-1-Experiment 2-3: Bermuda grass hay

Experiment 3: Evaluation of digestibility in situ Digestibility in the rumen was measured by an in situ method (Nosek 1988).

  A polyester bag (# R1020, polyester, 10 cm × 20 cm, average pore size of 50 ± 15 μm, ANKOM Technology Corp., Fairport, NY, USA) weighing 5 g of a sample (air-dry weight) was placed in the lumen of the test animal (dairy cow). I put it in. At 2 hours, 4 hours, 8 hours, 24 hours, and 48 hours after the introduction, the polyester bag was taken out of the lumen, washed with water, and the dry matter constant was determined at 60 ° C. In addition, a polyester bag containing a feed that was not washed into the lumen but washed only with water was used as a sample having a decomposition time of 0 hour. The measurement of each sample was performed in triplicate on different execution dates.

Table 3 shows the test results. As shown in Table 3, the pulp of Experiment 3-1 had a digestibility higher than that of Bermudagrass hay (Experiment 3-4), despite containing coarse meal that could promote rumination. Furthermore, the pulp of Experiment 3-1 was considered to have a function of suppressing digestion and fermentation in the rumen because the digestion was slower than that of the pressed maize (Experiment 3-3).
-Experiment 3-1: Digestibility of the pulp of Experiment 1-2 in the rumen-Experiment 3-2: Digestibility of the pulp of Experiment 1-1 in the rumen-Experiment 3-3: Inside of the rumen of pressed maize (commercially available) Digestibility / Experiment 3-4: Rumen digestibility of Bermudagrass hay

Experiment 4: Evaluation of GP and TMP containing the meal as feed Digestibility of the ground wood pulp (GP) and the thermomechanical pulp (TMP) containing the meal was evaluated as a feed . The saccharification rate was evaluated by the same procedure as in Experiment 2, and the in situ digestibility was evaluated by the same procedure as in Experiment 3. The feeds evaluated were as follows.
(Sample 1) Groundwood pulp (GP) containing 10% by weight of lees
(Sample 2) Thermomechanical pulp (TMP) containing 10% by weight of lees
(Sample 3) Groundwood pulp (GP) without lees
(Sample 4) Thermomechanical pulp (TMP) without lees
Broken pulp (GP) is obtained by pressing logs (pine) with a grinder against a rotating grindstone in the presence of water and crushing the crushed raw materials. After removing the pulp, small crushed pieces of wood and binding fibers that could not be removed in the rough-selection process in the fine-selection process were removed, and the pulp passed through the screen was bleached to produce (Sample 3). Sample 1 was prepared by mixing the groundwood pulp and the lees removed by a screen (aperture 0.2 mm) in the screening process at a ratio of 9: 1 (weight ratio).

  On the other hand, thermomechanical pulp (TMP) is a method in which pine wood chips are washed with water, preheated in a chip bin (70 to 75 ° C), compressed with plex screws, and heat-treated in a preheater (120). ° C), the softened chips were pulverized by pulverization with a pressure refiner. The pulped raw material was subjected to a screening process using a screen (aperture 0.2 mm) to remove binding fibers and coarse fibers, and then subjected to a bleaching process to obtain TMP (Sample 4). Sample 2 was prepared by mixing 9: 1 (weight ratio) of TMP and lees removed by a screen (aperture 0.2 mm) in the selection process.

  As shown in Table 5, although the pulp of the present invention containing lees was slightly inferior in the saccharification rate and digestibility, it did not contain the coarse lees that might promote rumination, but the experiment 2-3 was carried out. Digestion rate exceeded that of bermudagrass grass. Further, the digestion rate was slower than that of the pressed maize of Experiment 3-3, and it was considered that the digestion rate had a function of suppressing rapid decomposition and fermentation in the rumen.

Claims (8)

  A feed for ruminants containing pulp having a content of lees that does not pass through a screen having an aperture of 0.2 mm and 1 to 40% by weight.   The feed according to claim 1, wherein the pulp has a lees content of 1 to 10% by weight.   The feed according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the pulp is derived from a plant.   The feed according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the pulp is derived from a woody resource.   The feed according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the pulp is a chemical pulp.   The feed according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the pulp is a mechanical pulp.   The feed according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the pulp is kraft pulp. From the chips of different sizes, a step of obtaining a pulp in which the content of lees that does not pass through a screen having an aperture of 0.2 mm is 1 to 40% by weight,
A step of blending the obtained pulp to obtain a ruminant feed,
A method for producing a feed for ruminants, comprising: