JP2019097495A - Ruminant feed for feeding to device having automated feeding mechanism - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a ruminant feed for feeding to a device having an automated feeding mechanism such as an automated feeding machine or milking robot machine, which reduce a risk of acidosis.SOLUTION: A ruminant feed is fed to a device having an automated feeding mechanism, the ruminant feed employing lignocellulose material as raw material, including kraft pulp with a cellulase saccharification rate of 75% or more and concentrated feed and having a total fiber ratio in dry matter (NDF) of 8-60 mass%.SELECTED DRAWING: None

Description

  The present invention relates to a feed for ruminants having an acidosis preventing effect for use in an apparatus having an automatic feeding mechanism such as an automatic feeding machine or a milking robot.

  In recent years, a device having an automatic feeding mechanism such as an automatic feeding machine or a milking robot machine to reduce the labor force at a dairy site (automatic feeding machine: patent documents 1, 4, milking robot machines: patent documents 2, 3, 5, 6) has become widespread, and the cases of feeding large amounts of mixed feed are increasing accordingly.

  In an apparatus having such an automatic feeding mechanism, if a large amount of feed can be fed, the fulfillment of nutrition increases and the milk amount and milk component increase. However, when a large amount of feed containing a large amount of starch such as corn is used, the condition in which the pH in the rumen decreases is caused, so-called rumen acidosis occurs, which causes adverse effects such as a decline in food intake and a deterioration in productivity. On the contrary, if the nutrient concentration of feed is too low, there is a concern that the intake desire of cattle is reduced and it is possible to donate to the feeder.

  Rumen acidosis is a type of disease of ruminants and is caused by the rapid ingestion of carbohydrate-rich grains, concentrates, fruits and the like. In rumen acidosis, gram-positive lactic acid-producing bacteria, particularly Streptococcus bovis and Lactobacillus microbes, increase in the rumen, abnormal accumulation of lactic acid or volatile fatty acid (VFA: Volatile Fatty Acid) occurs, and the pH in the rumen is Decrease (pH 5 or less). As a result, protozoa (protozoa) and certain bacteria in the rumen are reduced or eliminated. In particular, acute acidosis is extremely dangerous because it causes rumen congestion and dehydration (large amounts of fluid move into the stomach as gastric osmotic pressure increases), as well as coma and death.

  In order to prevent rumen acidosis, it is important to avoid rapid changes in feed formulation, to stabilize rumen fermentation and to reduce pH fluctuation. In addition, since saliva contains sodium bicarbonate and contributes to pH control, it is also important to feed a diet capable of salivation by sufficient rumination. However, there is a concern that if the nutritional value of feed is lowered to prevent rumen acidosis, energy will be insufficient and milk production will decrease.

  From the above, as a factor required for feeds used in automatic feeding systems, it is required to be a nutrient concentration that satisfies the energy requirement and suppresses the risk of rumen acidosis.

  As a feed for preventing rumen acidosis, Patent Document 7 discloses a livestock feed that is pulverized and pulverized by giving a high impact force to a wood raw material. Furthermore, Patent Document 8 describes that lignocellulosic biomass is pelletized into ruminant feed. In addition, in Patent Document 9, a lactating cow feed suitable for feeding to an automatic feeding machine or a milking robot, containing 20 to 26% by mass of fiber (NDF) and 3% by mass or more of soybean or beet pulp is included. It is disclosed.

Japanese Patent Publication No. 09-502361 Japanese Patent Publication No. 08-508401 Patent No. 4669550 gazette Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-180187 JP 2001-128580 A JP, 2009-296990, A JP 2012-105570 A International Publication WO2011 / 070975 Patent No. 6038378

  The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide ruminant feed for use in an apparatus having an automatic feeding mechanism such as an automatic feeding machine or a milking robot, which can reduce the risk of acidosis even when the mixed feed is highly fed. It is to be.

  The inventors of the present invention conducted intensive studies to solve the above problems, and found that lignocellulosic material is used as a raw material and contains kraft pulp having a cellulase saccharification rate of 75% or more and concentrated feed, and the fiber in total dry matter (NDF It has been found that the above problems can be solved by using a ruminant feed having an amount of 8 to 60% by mass. The main components of the present invention are as follows.

[1] An automatic feeding mechanism containing kraft pulp and a concentrated feed having a cellulase saccharification ratio of 75% or more shown below, which is made of lignocellulosic material, and the total dry fiber (NDF) is 8 to 60% by mass Ruminant feed for use in a device having
Cellulase saccharification rate: Cellulase was added to a pulp suspension adjusted to a concentration of 1%, pH 4.0 so as to have a filter paper disintegration force of 1350 U / (pulp absolute dry weight g), and reacted at 40 ° C. for 72 hours After that, the saccharification rate is determined from formula 1.
Cellulase saccharification rate (%) = [(weight of pulp before treatment of cellulase-weight of pulp after treatment of cellulase) / weight of pulp before treatment of cellulase] × 100 (formula 1)
[2] The ruminant feed according to the above [1], wherein the lignocellulosic material comprises a woody material.
[3] The ruminant feed according to the above [1] or [2], wherein the kappa number of kraft pulp is 40 or less.
[4] The ruminant feed according to any one of the above [1] to [3], which has a Canadian standard freeness of kraft pulp of 300 ml or more.
[5] The ruminant feed according to any one of the above [1] to [4], wherein the form of the feed is in the form of pellets.
[6] The ruminant feed according to any one of the above [1] to [4], wherein the form of the feed is flaked
[7] The ruminant feed according to any one of the above [1] to [4], wherein the form of the feed is sheet-like.
[8] A method for rearing lactating dairy cows, which is provided by an apparatus for providing ruminant feed according to any one of the above [5] to [7] to an apparatus having an automatic feeding mechanism.
[9] A ruminant feed according to the above [5], which is prepared by mixing kraft pulp and at least a concentrated feed to form pellets.
[10] A ruminant feed according to the above [6], which is prepared by mixing kraft pulp and at least a concentrated feed to form flakes.
[11] A ruminant feed according to the above [7], which is formed by mixing kraft pulp and at least a concentrated feed to form a sheet.

  If the cow is fed with ruminant feed for use in an apparatus having an automatic feeding mechanism such as an automatic feeding machine or a milking robot according to the present invention, the risk of acidosis can be reduced while satisfying the energy demand. Can.

  In addition, the ruminant feed of the present invention motivates the dairy cow to enter the milking robot, and the milking efficiency of the milking robot is improved.

  Furthermore, since the feed for ruminants of the present invention has high NDF and low starch, it is possible to prevent the development of acidosis in cattle by feeding a large amount of the mixed feed alone in an apparatus having an automatic feeding mechanism such as a milking robot.

  The ruminant feed according to the present invention contains kraft pulp (KP), but pulps produced by other known pulping methods can be used in combination. For example, both mechanical pulp and chemical pulp can be applied. The mechanical pulp may, for example, be ground pulp (GP), refiner groundwood pulp (RGP), thermomechanical pulp (TMP), chemithermomechanical pulp (CTMP) or the like. Examples of chemical pulps include kraft pulp (KP), dissolved kraft pulp (DKP), sulfite pulp (SP), dissolved sulfite pulp (DSP) and the like. In addition, either bleached pulp or unbleached pulp can be used. Among these, oxygen delignified chemical pulp, bleached chemical pulp and the like are preferable. Further, pulp having a kappa number of 40 or less and kraft pulp are more preferable, and oxygen delignified kraft pulp having a kappa number of 30 or less (oxygen delignifying kraft pulp) is particularly preferable.

  In the ruminant feed according to the present invention, the pulp may be of one type, or a mixture of a plurality of pulps. For example, chemical pulps (hardwood kraft pulp, softwood kraft pulp, dissolved hardwood kraft pulp, dissolved softwood kraft pulp) or mechanical pulps (groundwood pulp, refiner ground wood pulp, thermomechanical pulp, chemithermomechanical pulp) ) May be used as a mixture of two or more.

  In the case of mechanical pulp, it is fiberized by being produced without undergoing a screening process after grinder processing (in the case of groundwood pulp) or after refining (in the case of refiner groundwood pulp, thermomechanical pulp, chemithermomechanical pulp) It is possible to include no straw in the pulp.

  As a raw material wood, for example, hardwood, softwood, mixed wood, bamboo, kenaf, bagasse, and an empty bunch after palm oil extraction can be used. Specifically, as hardwoods, beech, china, birch, poplar, eucalyptus, acacia, larva, itayakaede, senoki, elm, persimmon, persimmon, persimmon, persimmon, perch, perch, perch, perch, perch, perch, persimmon, persimmon, hydrangea, hydrangea, persimmon , Aodamo, etc. are illustrated. As conifers, cedar, spruce, larch, black pine, deciduous pine, hinakomatsu, yew, nejiko, hinomimi, iramiomi, inamiki, fir, sawara, togasawara, asunaro, hiba, tsuga, hinoki, hinoki, inoshigaya, spruce, yellow cedar (Bay birch), Lawson cypress (Baihi), Douglas fir (Baimatsu), Sitka spruce (Bai spruce), Radiata pine, East Prusse, Eastern white pine, Western larch, Western fur, Western hemlock, Tamarac etc. are exemplified.

<Kraft pulp>
The ruminant feed according to the present invention comprises kraft pulp obtained by kraft digesting lignocellulosic raw material, particularly preferably kraft pulp derived from wood. In the present invention, in particular, to produce a feed pellet which can slow down the rate of digestion in the rumen rumen and promote rumination in the rumen by using kraft pulp having a Canadian standard freeness (CSF) of 300 ml or more. Becomes possible. In a preferred embodiment, the Canadian standard freeness of kraft pulp used in the present invention is 450 ml or more, and may be 500 ml or more or 550 ml or more. In general, Canadian standard freeness of kraft pulp can be reduced by known methods.

  The kappa number of the kraft pulp used in the present invention is preferably 40 or less, more preferably 30 or less, and may be 20 or less or 15 or less. The lower limit of kappa is not particularly limited, but may be 0.1 or more.

  In the case of producing kraft pulp from wood chips, wood chips are put into a digester together with cooking liquor and subjected to kraft digestion. Moreover, you may use for cooking of MCC, EMCC, ITC, modified kraft methods, such as Lo-solid. Further, the digestion type such as 1-vessel liquid phase type, 1-vessel vapor phase / liquid phase type, 2-vessel liquid phase / gas phase type, 2-vessel liquid phase type, etc. is not particularly limited. That is, the step of impregnating the alkaline aqueous solution of the present invention and holding the same may be installed separately from the device or part intended for the infiltration treatment of the conventional cooking liquid. Preferably, the unbleached pulp that has been digested is washed with a washing apparatus such as a diffusion washer after extracting cooking liquor.

  Although a kraft cooking process can be performed by putting a wood chip with a kraft cooking solution in a pressure-resistant container, the shape and size of the container are not particularly limited. The liquid ratio between the wood chip and the chemical solution can be, for example, 1.0 to 5.0 L / kg, preferably 1.5 to 4.5 L / kg, and more preferably 2.0 to 4.0 L / kg. .

  In the present invention, alkaline digestion liquor containing 0.01 to 1.5% by mass of quinone compound per bone dry chip can also be added to the digester. If the addition amount of the quinone compound is less than 0.01% by mass, the addition amount is too small, the kappa number of the pulp after digestion is not reduced, and the relationship between the kappa number and the pulp yield is not improved. Furthermore, reduction of wrinkles and suppression of decrease in viscosity are also insufficient. Further, even if the addition amount of the quinone compound exceeds 1.5% by mass, no reduction in the kappa number of the pulp after further digestion and no improvement in the relationship between the kappa number and the pulp yield are observed.

  The quinone compounds used are so-called known quinone compounds as digestion aids, hydroquinone compounds or precursors thereof, and at least one compound selected therefrom can be used. As these compounds, for example, anthraquinone, dihydroanthraquinone (for example, 1,4-dihydroanthraquinone), tetrahydroanthraquinone (for example, 1,4,4a, 9a-tetrahydroanthraquinone, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroanthraquinone) Methylanthraquinone (eg, 1-methylanthraquinone, 2-methylanthraquinone), methyl dihydroanthraquinone (eg, 2-methyl-1,4-dihydroanthraquinone), methyltetrahydroanthraquinone (eg, 1-methyl-1,4,4a , 9a-tetrahydroanthraquinone, 2-methyl-1,4,4a, 9a-tetrahydroanthraquinone) and the like, and anthrahydroquinone (generally 9,10-dihydroxyanthracene), Tyl anthrahydroquinone (eg, 2-methylanthrahydroquinone), dihydroanthrahydroanthraquinone (eg, 1,4-dihydro-9,10-dihydroxyanthracene) or an alkali metal salt thereof (eg, disodium salt of anthrahydroquinone, 1 Hydroquinone compounds such as (disodium salt of 4-dihydro-9,10-dihydroxyanthracene), and includes precursors of anthrone, anthranol, methyl anthrone, methyl anthranol and the like. These precursors have the potential to be converted to quinone compounds or hydroquinone compounds under cooking conditions.

The cooking liquor preferably has an active alkali addition rate (AA) of 10 to 35% by mass based on the weight of the bone-dried wood chips. When the active alkali addition rate is less than 10% by mass, removal of lignin and hemylose becomes insufficient, and when it exceeds 35% by mass, yield reduction and quality deterioration occur. Here, the active alkali addition rate is obtained by converting the addition rate of the total of NaOH and Na ₂ S as the addition rate of Na ₂ O, multiplying 0.775 by NaOH and 0.795 by Na ₂ S It can be converted to the addition rate of Na ₂ O. Further, the degree of sulfurization is preferably in the range of 20 to 35%. If the degree of sulfidation is less than 20%, the delignification decreases, the pulp viscosity decreases, and the yield increases.

  It is preferable to carry out the kraft cooking in a temperature range of 120 to 180 ° C, and more preferably 140 to 160 ° C. When the temperature is too low, delignification (reduction of Kappa number) is insufficient, while when the temperature is too high, the degree of polymerization (viscosity) of cellulose is reduced. In addition, the cooking time in the present invention is the time from when the cooking temperature reaches the maximum temperature to when the temperature starts to decrease, but the cooking time is preferably 60 minutes to 600 minutes, and more than 120 minutes to 360 minutes. Is more preferred. If the digestion time is less than 60 minutes, pulping does not proceed, and if it exceeds 600 minutes, the pulp production efficiency is unfavorably deteriorated.

  Moreover, the kraft cooking in the present invention can set processing temperature and processing time by using H factor (Hf) as an index. The H factor is a standard that represents the total amount of heat given to the reaction system during the digestion process, and is represented by the following equation. The H factor is calculated by time integration from the time when the chips and water are mixed to the time when the cooking is completed. As H factor, 300-2000 are preferable.

Hf = ∫exp (43.20-16113 / T) dt
[Wherein, T represents the absolute temperature at a certain point]

  In the present invention, the unbleached (unbleached) pulp obtained after digestion can be subjected to various treatments, if necessary. For example, unbleached pulp obtained after kraft cooking can be bleached.

  An oxygen delignification process can be performed on the pulp obtained by kraft cooking. As the oxygen delignification used in the present invention, known medium concentration method or high concentration method can be applied as it is. The medium concentration method is preferably performed at a pulp concentration of 8 to 15% by mass, and the high concentration method is performed at 20 to 35% by mass. Sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide can be used as the alkali in oxygen delignification, and oxygen gas from the cryogenic separation method, oxygen from PSA (Pressure Swing Adsorption), VSA (Vacuum Swing Adsorption) can be used as oxygen gas. Oxygen etc. from) can be used.

The reaction conditions for the oxygen delignification treatment are not particularly limited, but the oxygen pressure is 3 to 9 kg / cm ² , more preferably 4 to 7 kg / cm ² , and the alkali addition rate is 0.5 to 4 mass per pulp dry weight %, The processing temperature of 80 to 140 ° C., the processing time of 20 to 180 minutes, and other known conditions may be applied. In the present invention, the oxygen delignification treatment may be performed multiple times. Moreover, it is preferable that the kappa number of the kraft pulp after performing an oxygen delignification process etc. is 30 or less.

  For the purpose of further lowering the Kappa number and improving the whiteness, for example, the pulp subjected to the oxygen delignification treatment is then sent to the washing step, and after washing, it is sent to the multistage bleaching step to carry out the multistage bleaching treatment. It can be carried out. The multistage bleaching process of the present invention is not particularly limited, but acid (A), chlorine dioxide (D), alkali (E), oxygen (O), hydrogen peroxide (P), ozone (Z), It is preferred to combine known bleaching agents such as peracids and bleaching aids. For example, the first stage of the multistage bleaching process uses chlorine dioxide bleaching stage (D) and ozone bleaching stage (Z), the second stage uses alkali extraction stage (E) and hydrogen peroxide stage (P), and the third and subsequent stages Preferably, a bleaching sequence using chlorine dioxide or hydrogen peroxide is used. The number of stages after the third stage is not particularly limited, but in consideration of energy efficiency, productivity, etc., it is preferable that the process ends in three or four stages in total. In addition, a chelating agent treatment stage with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) or the like may be inserted during multistage bleaching.

  The cellulase saccharification rate of the kraft pulp used in the present invention is preferably 75% or more, more preferably 80% or more, and may be 85% or more or 90% or more. The cellulase saccharification rate has a high correlation with TDN (Total Digestible Nutrients: total digestible nutrients), and by using kraft pulp having a high cellulase saccharification rate, it is possible to produce a ruminant feed that satisfies the energy requirement.

Cellulase is added to the pulp suspension adjusted to a concentration of 1% and pH 4.0 so that the cellulase is 1350 U / (pulp dry weight g) at 40 ° C. After reacting for 72 hours, the saccharification rate is determined from Formula 1.
Cellulase saccharification rate (%) = [(weight of pulp before treatment of cellulase-weight of pulp after treatment of cellulase) / weight of pulp before treatment of cellulase] × 100 (formula 1)

  The ruminant feed of the present invention can be fed to ruminants in combination with other feeds. Other feed ingredients include rough feed (for example, grass), concentrated feed (for example, grains such as corn and oat, beans such as soybean), bran, rice bran, okara, protein, lipids, vitamins, minerals, etc. , Coloring agents, perfumes, etc.).

  The ruminant feed according to the present invention comprises the kraft pulp and concentrate produced in the above process. As other feed components, rough feed (for example, grass), lipids, vitamins, minerals and the like, additives (preservative, coloring agent, flavor and the like) and the like may be included.

  The concentrated feed in the present invention is not particularly limited, but corn, corn starch, wheat, wheat flour, barley, rice, buckwheat, rice husks, rice husks, rice husks, rice husks, wheat, oats, oats, rye, larchs, cassava, grain sorghum , Sweet potato, potato starch, sweet potato, lupine, bran, soy, soybean meal, soy bean cake, kinako, soy sauce cake, soy sauce cake, tofu meal, cotton seed meal, cotton seed meal, rice cake, beer meal, shochu, sweet potato rice, malt root, rice germ, Seeds of rapeseed, peanut, peanut, sesame, coconut, sunflower, safflower, palm kernel, kapok, corn gluten meal, wheat gluten, potato protein, konjac flying powder, chlorella etc.

  In the feed for ruminants of the present invention, from the viewpoint of preventing acidosis, the NDF is preferably 8 to 60% by mass in the dry matter of the feed, more preferably 15 to 50% by mass, and still more preferably 20 to 40% by mass. The high NDF content in the feed stabilizes the fermentation in the rumen and promotes the secretion of saliva by rumination, so that the pH fluctuation in the rumen can be reduced.

  The shape of the feed of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the form of pellets, and may be in the form of sheets or flakes, from the viewpoint of ease of feeding by an automatic feeding machine or a milking robot.

  The present invention will be described in more detail by way of the following examples, but the present invention is not limited by these examples. In the present specification, concentration and% are based on mass unless otherwise specified, and a numerical range is described as including its end points.

Example 1
In preparation of Example 1, hardwood derived from oxygen delignified pulp, corn pressed pieces, barley pressed pieces, soybean meal, corn gluten meal, corn gluten feed, corn starch, soybean whey, bran, additives were used.
Kraft chips of Eucalyptus wood were kraft digested at an active alkali addition rate of 16.0%, a degree of sulfurization of 25%, and an H factor of 830 to obtain unbleached kraft pulp (Kappa number: 19.0, ISO whiteness: 27. 7%).
After washing the above unbleached kraft pulp with tap water to adjust the concentration to 10%, the oxygen addition rate 2.1% (per dry weight pulp weight), sodium hydroxide 1.6% (per dry weight pulp weight), 100 ° C. Oxygen delignification treatment was carried out in 60 minutes to obtain an oxygen delignified kraft pulp (Kappa number: 8.9, ISO brightness: 46.1%). The resulting oxygen delignified kraft pulp was washed with tap water (water content: 76.1%). In addition, the cellulase saccharification rate of the obtained oxygen delignification kraft pulp was 95%. The obtained pulp (Canada standard freeness: 633 ml) was dewatered with a screw press (SHX-200 type, manufactured by Fukoku Industrial Co., Ltd.) to adjust the water content to 29.5 mass%.
Next, mix with corn pressure flakes, barley pressure flakes, soy meal, corn gluten meal, corn gluten feed, corn starch, soy whey, bran, additives, so that the dewatered pulp contains 12% of the total feed, and ring dye A compact pelletizer (manufactured by California Pellet Mill, motor capacity: 30 kw) was used for compression processing to produce feed pellets having a diameter of about 4.8 mm and a length of about 37 mm. The pellets were adjusted for moisture content with a blower dryer (mechanical durability: 99.5%, moisture content: about 13.6%).

Comparative Example 1
In preparation of Comparative Example 1, unleavened kraft pulp derived from hardwood, corn pressed pieces, barley pressed pieces, soybean meal, corn gluten meal, corn gluten feed, corn starch, soybean whey, bran, additives were used.
Kraft chips of Eucalyptus wood were kraft digested at an active alkali addition rate of 12.0%, a degree of sulfurization of 25%, and an H factor of 830 to obtain unbleached kraft pulp (Kappa number: 69.0, ISO whiteness: 11. 8%).
The obtained unbleached kraft pulp was washed with tap water (water content: 73.1%). The cellulase saccharification rate of the obtained unbleached kraft pulp was 70%. The obtained pulp (Canadian standard freeness: 750 ml) was dewatered with a screw press (SHX-200 type, manufactured by Fukoku Industrial Co., Ltd.) to adjust the water content to 29.5% by mass.
Next, mix with corn pressure flakes, barley pressure flakes, soybean meal, corn gluten meal, corn gluten feed, corn starch, soy whey, bran, additives so that the dewatered pulp contains 12% of the total feed, Example Pellets were produced in the same manner as 1.

Comparative Example 2
The same raw materials as in Example 1 were used. Mix with corn corn flakes, barley corn flakes, soybean meal, corn gluten meal, corn gluten feed, corn starch, soybean whey, bran, additives so that the dewatered pulp contains 3% of the total feed, as in Example 1. The pellet was manufactured by the method of

Comparative Example 3
The same raw material as Comparative Example 1 was used. Mix with corn corn flakes, barley corn flakes, soybean meal, corn gluten meal, corn gluten feed, corn starch, soybean whey, bran, additives so that the dewatered pulp contains 3% of the total feed, as in Example 1. The pellet was manufactured by the method of

<Component analysis of sample>
General component analysis of the sample followed the usual method (AOAC International 2000).
Neutral detergent fibers (NDF) were determined according to the method of Van Soest and Wine (1967) and starch according to AOAC 966.11.

<Measurement of cellulase saccharification rate of kraft pulp>
Feed samples (kraft pulp, 500 mg bone dry weight) were accurately weighed into resin sample bottles (60 ml volume). Cellulase (trade name: for cellulase Onozuka feed analysis, Yakult Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. product) is added to a pH 4.0 0.1 M acetate buffer solution so that the filter paper disintegratability is 1350 U / (pulp dead weight g) 49.5 ml of the suspension obtained was added to the vessel and subjected to saccharification treatment at 40 ° C. for 72 hours.
Samples were taken after 72 hours to determine the proportion of saccharified pulp (cellulase saccharification rate). Specifically, it was filtered on a filter paper whose constant weight was previously determined, washed with water four times, and then dried in a ventilated dryer at 105 ° C. for 2 hours, and the dry matter weight of the residue was measured. The cellulase saccharification rate was calculated from the following equation.
Cellulase saccharification rate (%) = [(weight of pulp before treatment of cellulase-weight of residue after treatment of cellulase) / weight of pulp before treatment of cellulase] × 100 (formula 1)
The cellulase saccharification rate has a high correlation with the digestibility in ruminants, and the higher the saccharification rate, the easier it is to be digested in ruminants and the feed becomes high in TDN.

  The ingredients of each feed of Examples and Comparative Examples are shown in Table 1.

  A starch content of 25% or less is recommended to prevent the reduction of the milk fat percentage and the stability of the rumen environment. Feeding ratio of NDF to starch (test on establishment of stable production technology for high quality milk by rumen control) (1995)). Feed for automatic feeding machine or robot for milking robot machine with NDF of 15 to 40% containing kraft pulp having a cellulase saccharification rate of 95% according to the present invention (Example 1) has a starch content of 25% or less, which contributes to the prevention of acidosis It was considered a thing. In Comparative Example 1, the cellulase saccharification rate of kraft pulp is as low as 70%, the amount of energy that can be taken from kraft pulp is reduced, and the starch content is increased to 25% or more in order to prevent the reduction of the energy amount of the whole feed. As a result, the contribution to the prevention of acidosis was considered to be smaller than in Example 1. In Comparative Examples 2 and 3, the content of starch increased as the NDF content decreased, and the contribution to prevention of acidosis was considered to be smaller than Example 1 because the content of starch increased to 25% or more.

  Thus, the present invention has invented a feed for an automatic feeder or a milking robot with a nutrient concentration which satisfies the energy requirement and suppresses the risk of rumen acidosis.

Claims (11)

A device having an automatic feeding mechanism, which contains kraft pulp having a cellulase saccharification ratio of 75% or more and a concentrated feed, and which comprises lignocellulose material as a raw material and has a total dry fiber (NDF) of 8 to 60% by mass Ruminant feed for feeding.
Cellulase saccharification rate: Cellulase was added to a pulp suspension adjusted to a concentration of 1%, pH 4.0 so as to have a filter paper disintegration force of 1350 U / (pulp absolute dry weight g), and reacted at 40 ° C. for 72 hours After that, the saccharification rate is determined from formula 1.
Cellulase saccharification rate (%) = [(weight of pulp before treatment of cellulase-weight of pulp after treatment of cellulase) / weight of pulp before treatment of cellulase] × 100 (formula 1)   The ruminant feed according to claim 1, wherein the lignocellulose material comprises a woody material.   The ruminant feed according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the kappa number of the kraft pulp is 40 or less.   The ruminant feed according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the Canadian standard freeness of kraft pulp is 300 ml or more.   The ruminant feed according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the feed is in the form of pellets.   The ruminant feed according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the feed is in the form of flakes.   The ruminant feed according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the feed is in the form of a sheet.   A method for rearing lactating dairy cows, comprising feeding the ruminant feed according to any one of claims 5 to 7 with an apparatus having an automatic feeding mechanism.   The ruminant feed according to claim 5, wherein the feed is mixed with kraft pulp and at least concentrate to form pellets.   The ruminant feed according to claim 6, wherein the feed is mixed with kraft pulp and at least a concentrate to form flakes.   The ruminant feed according to claim 7, which is formed by mixing kraft pulp and at least a concentrate to form a sheet.