JP6935177B2 - Arched structure forming method - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a method for forming an arch-shaped structure, and more particularly to a method for forming an arch-shaped structure that can be easily erected.

For example, structures are used to store people and objects inside and block them from external stimuli.
Such structures, for example, when used outdoors, block out wind, rain and sunlight and protect people and objects stored inside from these stimuli.
There are various types of such structures, from large ones to small ones. For example, there are various types such as large and medium-sized structures having a dome-shaped or arch-shaped roof, and small structures such as tents. Is.
On the other hand, when constructing such a dome-shaped or arch-shaped structure, the skeleton is assembled in a flat shape on the ground in consideration of workability and work safety, and then, for example, a jack. The method of assembling the skeleton into a predetermined shape by using the above is adopted. Then, it is completed by constructing a roofing material on the rising dome-shaped or arch-shaped frame (see, for example, Patent Document 1 and the like).

Patent Document 1 describes the skeleton structure of an arch dome-shaped roof and the construction method thereof.
The skeleton of this arch dome-shaped roof is composed of a plurality of lumbers, rotating lumbers, and wires.
The tsuka material is cylindrical and is arranged side by side in the longitudinal direction, and in the completed form, it is arranged in an arch shape along the roof surface of the arch dome type roof.
In addition, the rotating lumber is arranged between each lumber with its axis oriented in a direction orthogonal to these, and the lower edge of the end face of the lumber adjacent to the center side of the roof and the lumber adjacent to the outside of the roof. It is hinged to the upper edge of the end face.
Further, the wire is inserted in a penetrating state in the longitudinal direction of the lumber and the radial direction of the rotating lumber so that tension can be applied.
Then, the skeleton structure of the arch dome type roof is arranged in a predetermined position in a state where the wire is relaxed, and then, by applying tension to the wire and stretching it, the tsuka material and the rotating material are along the roof surface. It is launched in an arch shape. Then, it is completed by fixing the tension applied state of this wire.
When raising the skeleton structure of the arch dome type roof, the work of pulling the wire is executed while lifting the lumber with a crane.

Japanese Patent No. 3174921

However, in the technique of Patent Document 1, a heavy machine such as a crane is required when tension is applied to the wire to raise the skeleton structure of the arch dome-shaped roof.
As described above, in the conventional technique, including the technique of Patent Document 1, when forming a large-scale arch, it is necessary to install heavy construction equipment such as a lifting machine and an external scaffold, and temporary construction.
Therefore, there is a problem that a large-scale arch cannot be formed in a place where such a heavy machine cannot be used or in a place where it is difficult to form a scaffold.
Furthermore, when constructing a large-scale scaffold and assembling an arch-shaped structure, it is necessary for workers to work at heights, but due to workability problems, there is a request to reduce the work at heights. rice field.
Further, even when aerial work is required, a structure that improves the workability of the aerial work is desired.
As described above, there is no need for heavy construction equipment or large-scale temporary scaffolding, providing technology for erection of large-scale arched structures, reducing work at heights, and working at heights. There has been a demand for the provision of technology that improves workability even when it is necessary to do so.

An object of the present invention is to solve each of the above problems, and to provide a method for easily forming an arched structure without the need for heavy construction equipment or large-scale temporary scaffolding.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for reducing aerial work during construction and forming an arched structure in which good workability is realized when the aerial work is carried out. There is.

According to the arch-shaped structure forming method according to the present invention, the above-mentioned problem is a long shape formed by providing at least one rotatable rotating node as well as a material for forming an arch shape. A method of forming an arch-shaped structure by deforming an arch basic body having a frame composed of at least two arch-forming members of the above, which is a reference surface on which the arch-shaped structure is erected. An arrangement step of interposing an expansion structure having a small volume between the surface and the arch basic body, at least a central portion in the longitudinal direction of the arch forming member, and at least a part of the expansion structure. The expansion step of expanding the expansion structure while maintaining the contact state is provided, and in the expansion step, the rotation node is the angle formed by the arch forming member about the rotation node. by the angle formed on the side of the reference plane is rotated so as to be smaller, the step of the arch forming member is deformed in an arch shape to draw a part of the polygon periphery, performed as a step after the pre-Symbol expansion step It is a step of forming a foothold between the arch basic body and the surface of the expansion structure, and a step performed between the expansion step and the foothold formation step. A fixing step of fixing at least one end of the arch forming member to the reference surface is further provided , and in the expansion step, the expansion structure provided with an uneven surface structure on the outer surface is expanded to expand the expansion structure. In the step of forming the foothold, the working space is formed between the arch basic body and the surface structure in the expansion direction of the expansion structure by reducing the gas inside the expansion structure, and the surface is formed. This can be solved by using the structure as a foothold.
At this time, it is preferable that is configured to further comprise a higher rotational clause fixing Engineering for fixing to prohibit the rotation of the front Kikaido section.

Since it is configured in this way, the expansion structure interposed between the arch base body placed flat on the reference surface and the reference surface is expanded, the central portion of the arch forming member is pushed up, and the central portion is pushed up to this central portion. By pulling both ends (or one end), the arch basic body can be easily transformed into an arch-shaped structure. That is, by pushing up (raising) the central portion of the arch forming member, the rotatable rotary node portion rotates, and the arch forming member takes a bent shape at a predetermined angle. Stand up in the direction away from the reference plane.
In the present invention, the arch basic body is not fixed at both ends, and both ends of the arch forming member may be attracted to the central portion, or one end is fixed and the other end is directed to the central portion. It may be a structure that is attracted.
The angle formed by the arch forming member about the rotating node (the angle formed on the side of the reference plane) becomes smaller by rising in the expansion step (for example, in the arch forming member formed linearly in the initial state). If there is, the angle will be from 180 ° to a smaller angle), and finally, it will change to an arch shape that draws a part of the outer circumference of the polygon having a rotating node as an apex. The "polygon" of this "part of the outer circumference of the polygon" is not particularly limited because various shapes can be assumed by changing the number of rotating nodes, the arrangement configuration, and the like. From the viewpoint of stability and strength, it is desirable to use a "regular polygon". Further, the "part of the outer circumference" may be in any range, but it is preferably half a circumference or less for the reason of stability, and half a circumference from the relationship between the height and the volume inside the arched structure. Is more desirable.
As described above, in the present invention, in the expansion step, the arch basic body can be raised only by expanding the expansion structure. Therefore, it is not necessary to lift or lift a plurality of steel materials against the force of gravity, so that a heavy construction machine such as a crane is unnecessary. Further, since it is sufficient to expand the expansion structure, it is not necessary to build a large-scale scaffolding or the like when the arch basic body is started up.
In addition, the work of raising the arch basic body does not require work at a high place.
It is preferable because a work space can be secured by the foothold forming step. This work space may be formed by any method, and for example, as described in the lower claims, the arch basic body and the inflatable body are formed by evacuating the gas in the inflatable body and contracting the inflatable body. A work space may be formed between the two, or some protrusions may be formed on the surface of the inflator (whether integrated or separate from the inflator) for the height (protrusion length) of the protrusions. It may be configured to form a work space with height. The shape of this protrusion does not matter.

At this time, specifically, in the arrangement step, one end of the arch forming member is fixed to the reference surface, and in the fixing step, the other end of the arch forming member is fixed to the reference surface. It is suitable from the aspect of matching.
Alternatively, as another specific example, in the expansion step, both ends of the arch forming member are pulled toward the central portion in the longitudinal direction of the arch forming member, and in the fixing step, both ends of the arch forming member are said. Even if it is configured to be fixed to the reference plane, it is preferably carried out.

Further, the foothold forming step is a step carried out as a next step of the fixing step, and by reducing the gas inside the expansion structure, the arch basic body and the surface of the expansion structure are brought into contact with each other. If it is configured to form the work space between them, it is preferable because it is possible to form a work space for performing work such as fixing a rotating node.
Further, in the expansion step, if the expansion structure having an uneven shape on the outer surface is configured to be expanded, the friction coefficient on the surface of the expansion structure is improved, and the worker in the formed work space It is suitable because the workability of the above is improved.

Further, the expansion structure is formed by having an expansion material that expands when the inside is filled with gas, and at least one protrusion that is arranged on at least a part of the outer surface of the expansion material. In the expansion step, the protrusions are interposed between the outer surface of the expansion material and the arch-forming member to deform the arch-forming member, and the protrusions intervene to deform the arch-forming member. It is preferable that the foothold forming step of forming the space formed between the outer surface of the expanding material and the arch forming member as a working space is simultaneously executed.
With such a configuration, the arched structure can be erected more easily and with less man-hours.

Further, specifically, at this time, the arch-forming member includes two arch-forming members that form an arch-shaped opening of the arch-shaped structure, and the arch opening-forming member. It is configured to include at least one arch intermediate forming member which is formed in the same manner as the member and is arranged so as to be parallel between the two arch forming members. It is preferable that the arch opening forming member and the arch intermediate forming member are configured to interlock with each other.
Since it is configured in this way, the strength of the arch-shaped structure is increased, and the stability when the arch basic body is raised is improved.

Further, as a specific configuration, the rotating node provided in the arch opening forming member and the rotating node provided in the arch intermediate forming member are perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the arch forming member. In the expansion step, the auxiliary member moves together with the rotating node, so that the arch opening forming member and the arch intermediate forming member are connected to each other. It is preferable that and is linked.
More specifically, a plurality of the arch intermediate portion forming members are provided, and the individual rotating nodes provided in the individual arch intermediate portion forming members are connected by the auxiliary member. In the expansion step, it is preferable that the auxiliary member moves together with the rotating node so that the arch opening forming member and the plurality of arch intermediate forming members are interlocked with each other. ..
With such a configuration, the rotating nodes are interlocked, and the stability when the arch basic body is raised is improved.

Further, at least a part of the space portion of the frame is covered with at least one covering material, and in the arrangement step, the arch basic body in the state where the covering material is arranged and the reference surface are used. It is preferable that the expansion structure having a small volume is interposed between the two, and in the expansion step, the expansion structure is expanded with respect to the arch basic body in which the covering material is arranged. be.
With such a configuration, it is not necessary to arrange the covering material after the skeleton of the arch-shaped structure is raised as in the prior art, and therefore, the work at a high place for arranging the covering material is eliminated.

According to the present invention, the arch forming member is deformed with the central portion in the longitudinal direction of the arch forming member as a fulcrum by expanding the expansion structure arranged so as to intervene between the arch basic body and the reference surface. By performing the "expansion step", which is a (starting up) step, the arch basic body can be changed into an arch-shaped structure having an arch shape that draws a part of the outer periphery of a polygon having a rotating node as an apex. ..
As a result, an arched structure can be easily formed without the need for heavy construction machinery or large-scale temporary scaffolding.
Since it is configured in this way, the place where the arched structure is formed is not limited, and it is easy to use even in a place where heavy work equipment cannot be used or in a narrow place where it is difficult to assemble with a scaffold. Arched structures can be formed.
In addition, workability is improved by reducing aerial work during construction.
Further, by forming a gap between the arch-shaped arch forming member and the surface of the expansion material constituting the expansion structure, this gap can be used as a work space, so that workability is good. It becomes.

It is a perspective view which shows the schematic structure of the arch-shaped structure which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the arch basic body which is the initial state of the arch-shaped structure which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the frame of the arch basic body which is the initial state of the arch-shaped structure which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the arch forming member and auxiliary member which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the rotating node (initial state) which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the rotation node (after rotation) which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows the morphological change of the arch forming member in the expansion process which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the completed state (the state which erected in an arch shape) of the arch forming member which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a process drawing which shows the arch-shaped structure forming process which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the variation of the expansion structure which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the preferable application example of the expansion structure which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is an enlarged view of the main part of FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows the modification example of the preferable application example shown in FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows the foundation member arranged at the end part of the arch forming member which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
The configuration described below does not limit the present invention, and can be variously modified within the scope of the gist of the present invention.
Further, in the present embodiment, the ground surface is assumed as the reference surface for erection of the arch-shaped structure, and the reference surface is a horizontal plane for the sake of explanation. However, the reference surface may be any surface such as one surface of a structure such as a concrete floor as well as the ground surface, and of course, it can be applied to a surface other than a horizontal surface such as a slope. be.
That is, any surface may have any state, structure, etc., as long as the surface is sensible enough for the arched structure to be erected.

1 to 9 show an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a schematic configuration of an arch-shaped structure, and FIG. 2 is an arch basic which is an initial state of the arch-shaped structure. It is explanatory drawing which shows a body. Although FIGS. 1 and 2 are the same members, FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a completed state as an arch-shaped structure, and FIG. 2 is a state before becoming an arch-shaped structure, that is, , It is explanatory drawing which shows the initial state.
Further, FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing the skeleton of the arch basic body which is the initial state of the arch-shaped structure, that is, an explanatory view showing a state in which the panel covering the inside of the arch-shaped structure is not installed.
Further, FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing an arch forming member and an auxiliary member, that is, an explanatory view of individual parts constituting the framework shown in FIG.
FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing a rotating node (initial state), and FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing the rotating node (after rotation).
Further, FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing a morphological change of the arch forming member in the expansion step, and schematically describes the deformation of the arch forming member due to the rotation of the rotating node with dots and lines.
Further, FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing a completed state of the arch forming member, and FIG. 9 is a process diagram showing an arch-shaped structure forming process. FIG. 10 is an explanatory view showing variations of the expansion structure, and FIGS. 11 and 12 show suitable application examples of the expansion structure. FIG. 11 shows the whole as a perspective view in order to show the whole image of the expanded structure, and FIG. 12 shows an enlarged view of the main part from each viewpoint. Note that FIG. 13 shows a modified example of FIG.
Further, FIG. 14 is an explanatory view showing a foundation member arranged at an end portion of the arch forming member.

<Regarding arched structures>
The configuration of the arch-shaped structure S1 (arch basic body S2) according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 8.
An expansion structure S3 is used as an important configuration for forming the arch structure S1. First, the structure of the arch structure S1 (arch basic body S2) will be described, and then the expansion structure will be described. The body S3 will be described.

The arch-shaped structure S1 (arch basic body S2) according to the present embodiment includes a frame 1 and a panel 2.
In the present embodiment, the state before being formed in an arch shape is particularly referred to as "arch basic body S2", and the state completed in an arch shape is referred to as "arch-shaped structure S1". That is, the arch-shaped structure S1 and the arch basic body S2 are the same members as members, but their shapes are different, and when necessary for explanation, they are used to distinguish them. Use the wording of.
Further, in the present embodiment, the arch shape of the arch-shaped structure S1 refers to the shape of the arch-shaped structure S1 viewed from the opening direction (that is, the shape shown in FIG. 8). Therefore, the arch shape of the arch-shaped structure S1 illustrated in the present embodiment is a regular dodecagonal semi-peripheral shape.

The frame 1 according to the present embodiment is a structure in which long members are assembled in a grid pattern, and is configured to include a plurality of arch forming members 11 and a plurality of auxiliary members 12.
The skeleton 1 is shown in FIG.
In this embodiment, eight arch forming members 11 are used, which are arranged at equal intervals and in parallel.
For the sake of explanation, the two arch forming members 11 arranged on the outside are referred to as "arch opening forming member 11A", and the six arches arranged between these two arch opening forming members 11A. The forming member 11 is referred to as "arch intermediate forming member 11B".

The arch forming member 11 according to the present embodiment is a long steel member reinforced in a truss shape, and a plurality of rotating nodes 111 are formed at equal intervals. In this embodiment, five rotating nodes 111 are formed.
Of the arch forming member 11, the portions arranged on both sides of the rotating node 111 are referred to as "arch forming member piece 11a".
That is, the arch forming member pieces 11a and 11a are connected via the rotating node 111, and the angle formed by the arch forming member pieces 11a and 11a can be changed around the rotating node 111.

The rotating node 111 will be described with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6.
The rotating node 111 is configured to have a rotating fulcrum portion 111a and two fixing pieces 111b.
The fixed piece 111b is a rectangular steel plate, the upper end thereof is rotatably attached to the rotation fulcrum portion 111a, and the outer surface thereof (the surface opposite to the surface opposite to the other fixed piece 111b). The end of the arch forming member piece 11a is fixed to the.
That is, the arch forming member pieces 11a and 11a are configured to be rotatable around the rotation fulcrum portion 111a, and the angles formed by the fixed pieces 111b and 111b around the rotation fulcrum portion 111a. It is configured so that θ1 is variable.
In the present embodiment, the angle θ1 in the initial state is configured so that the angle θ1 = 30 °.
A bolt hole H1 (not shown) is formed in the fixing piece 111b, and the bolt hole H1 is configured to communicate with the two fixing pieces 111b when they are combined.

Specifically, in a state where the arch forming member pieces 11a and 11a arranged so as to sandwich the rotating node 111 are arranged so as to be in a straight line (the angle between the two is 180 °), the fixed piece 111b of the rotating node 111 , 111b are configured so that the angle formed by them is 30 °. In other words, the end of the arch forming member piece 11a is cut so as to form an angle θ3 = 15 ° with respect to the perpendicular line drawn from the rotation fulcrum portion 111a, and therefore, the rotation node 111 is sandwiched between them. When the arranged arch forming member pieces 11a and 11a are in a straight line, the angle θ1 = 30 °.
Since the angle θ1 is defined in this way, naturally, the lower ends of the fixed pieces 111b and 111b are separated from each other. Therefore, in appearance, the upper side of the arch forming member 11 is viewed at a plurality of times. It is continuous through the articulated nodes 111, and the lower side is interrupted below the plurality of rotating nodes 111, and the upper side and the lower side are reinforced in a truss shape (FIG. 4). See (a)).

Then, when the fixed pieces 111b and 111b rotate and θ1 = 0 (that is, when both are combined), as shown in FIG. 6, the angle θ2 formed by the arch forming member pieces 11a and 11a (in the reference plane direction). A certain downward angle) becomes 150 °. At this time, the bolt holes H1 and H1 communicate with each other.
This is because, as shown in FIGS. 7C and 8 in the present embodiment, the arch shape is a regular dodecagonal half-circumferential shape, whereby the angle θ2 is one of the regular dodecagons. It is configured to be an angle.
Of course, this arch shape may be a part of any polygonal shape, but a regular polygon is preferable from the viewpoint of stability. Similarly, from the viewpoint of stability, the arch shape is preferably a partial circumference shape of half a circumference or less, but a half circumference shape is more preferable in consideration of the internal height and volume.

Next, the auxiliary member 12 according to the present embodiment will be described based on the arch basic body S2.
As shown in FIG. 4B, the auxiliary member 12 according to the present embodiment is a steel member reinforced in a truss shape, and connects the rotating nodes 111 provided in the arch forming member 11.
Note that FIG. 4B illustrates a state in which seven auxiliary members 12 are arranged so as to connect the rotating nodes 111.
In the present embodiment, as described above, the eight arch forming members 11 are arranged in parallel at equal intervals. At this time, the rotating nodes 111 (8 pieces) provided in the individual arch forming members 11 are provided. Are aligned in a straight line along the depth direction, which is a direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the arch forming member 11.
The auxiliary member 12 is a member for connecting the eight rotating nodes 111 aligned in a straight line. In other words, the rotating nodes 111 and 111 that are adjacent to each other on a straight line are connected to each other, and therefore, in this embodiment, seven auxiliary members 12 are used.

In this way, since the plurality of auxiliary members 12 connect the rotating nodes 111 formed in each arch forming member 11, the arch basic body S2 is deformed to form the arch-shaped structure S1 as described later. At the time of forming, each arch forming member 11 can be interlocked, and workability is improved. Further, since the plurality of auxiliary members 12 are arranged in the depth direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the arch forming member 11, the skeleton 1 has a lattice shape and the strength of the skeleton 1 is improved as shown in FIG. ..

However, this number is not limited to this, and as long as the strength can be secured, only the specific rotating nodes 111 and 111 may be connected, and for example, both ends and the central portion in the longitudinal direction of the arch forming member 11 may be connected. Only necessary parts may be connected from the viewpoint of strength and workability, such as connecting only the parts. Further, the structure may be such that the auxiliary member 12 is not used. That is, the skeleton 1 may be formed only by the arch forming member 11 as long as the strength can be secured.

Further, as described above, a plurality of panels 2 according to the present embodiment are arranged so as to fill the void portions of the frame 1 formed in a grid pattern. This panel 2 corresponds to a covering material.
As the panel 2, in the present embodiment, a rectangular member made of resin is exemplified.
Of course, the shape, material, and the like of the panel 2 are not particularly limited, and any configuration may be used as long as it does not deviate from the gist of the present invention and can fill the voids.
Further, in the present embodiment, as an example of the covering material, the panel 2 which is a plate-like body having a predetermined hardness is shown, but the present invention is not limited to this, and for example, even a material having a low hardness such as a cloth material is used. good. In this case, it is preferable that a waterproof treatment or the like is applied.

Summarizing the above, the arch basic body S2 according to the present embodiment is composed of the skeleton 1 and the panel 2.
The skeleton 1 is a grid-like member in which a plurality of long arch-forming members 11 are arranged in parallel, and a plurality of auxiliary members 12 are passed in the depth direction of the arch-forming members 11.
The arch forming member 11 is a long member that is deformed by the rotation of the rotating node 111 (it can be folded at a predetermined angle about the rotating node 111), and there are a plurality of the rotating nodes 111. I have individual pieces.
Then, by connecting the plurality of auxiliary members 12 between the rotating nodes 111 that are aligned in a straight line in the depth direction, the grid-like frame 1 as described above is formed. Then, by arranging the panel 2 so as to fill the gap portion of the grid-like frame 1, the arch basic body S2 is formed.
When an external force is applied to the arch basic body S2 configured in this way, the plurality of rotating nodes 111 are rotated and deformed into the arch-shaped structure S1.
The method of forming the arched structure S1 by this deformation is the main configuration of the present embodiment and will be described in detail later.

Next, the expansion structure S3 will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 10.
The expansion structure S3 according to the present embodiment includes an expansion material 3 and a surface structure 4.
The surface structure 4 is not necessarily a necessary structure, and may be composed only of the expansion material 3.
The expansion material 3 is a so-called "balloon", which is a member that expands by forming a sheet-like member in a bag shape and filling the inside with gas. The substrate to be filled therein may be not only the atmosphere but also any gas such as automobile exhaust gas and blower air.
FIG. 1 shows an expansion material 3 (kamaboko-shaped expansion material 3) having an arch-shaped outer shell in a state of being filled with gas.
However, the shape is not limited to this, and any shape may be used as long as it can form an arch shape, and the number of expansion materials 3 used is not particularly limited, and a plurality of expanders 3 are used. May be good.

Further, it is preferable that the outer surface of the expansion material 3 is configured to be a rough surface structure 4. With such a configuration, when the work space K1 is formed, the friction coefficient of the outer surface of the expanding material 3 becomes high, and it is easy to become a foothold.
This "expanded structure S3 provided with the surface structure 4 formed as a rough surface" corresponds to the "expanded structure provided with an uneven shape on the outer surface" in the claims. That is, in the claims, "provided with an uneven shape" includes processing the outer surface itself of the expansion structure S3 to form an uneven shape, which processes the outer surface into a rough surface. It is a concept that includes (that is, forming a fine uneven shape).
Then, in this example, this uneven shape becomes the surface structure 4.

A configuration example of the expansion structure S3 is shown in FIG.
FIG. 10A shows an example of the expansion material 3 which has a semi-cylindrical shape when filled with gas. In this example, the surface structure 4 which is a net-like body is arranged on the surface of the expansion material 3 as a foothold. With this configuration, when the work space K1 is formed by partially releasing the gas in the expansion material 3, the surface structure 4 which is a net-like body serves as a foothold.
This "expanded structure S3 provided with the surface structure 4 which is a net-like body" corresponds to the "expanded structure S3 provided with the uneven shape" in the claims.
That is, in the claims, "provided with a concavo-convex shape" means not only that the outer surface of the expansion structure S3 itself is processed to form a concavo-convex shape, but also that a separate member (in this example, a net shape) is formed on the outer surface. It is a concept that includes arranging the body).

FIG. 10B shows an example of an expansion structure S3 provided with a plurality of expansion materials 3.
In FIG. 10B, by assembling the cylindrical expanding members 3, the outer circumferences of the expanding members 3 are configured to approximate the arch shape when expanded.
Further, FIG. 10C is an example in which an arch shape is formed by one cylindrical or spherical expanding member 3.
The details of the method for forming the arch-shaped structure S1 will be described later, but in all the examples of FIG. 10, the expansion step and the foothold forming step are not carried out at the same time (expansion step → fixing step → foothold forming step). An example) is shown.
Further, the surface structure 4 of FIGS. 10 (b) and 10 (c) may have any structure as long as it has the above structure.

<About the method of forming arched structures>
Next, a method of forming the arch-shaped structure S1 will be described with reference to FIGS. 5 to 10 as appropriate.
FIG. 9 shows a process for forming the arch-shaped structure S1.
Perform the placement step (step 1).
In the arranging step, the arch basic body S2 is prepared, and the arch basic body S2 is the standing position of the reference plane (in the present embodiment, the horizontal plane is exemplified) with the surface on which the panel 2 is arranged facing upward. It is laid flat on.
At this time, the expansion structure S3 is interposed between the reference plane and the arch basic body S2.

Next, the expansion step (step 2) shown in FIG. 9 is performed.
In this step, the expansion member 3 constituting the expansion structure S3 is expanded, and the arch basic body S2 is raised from the central portion in the opening width direction.
This situation is shown in FIG. 7 (b).
In this expansion step, the expansion material 3 is expanded while maintaining a state in which at least the central portion of the arch forming member 11 in the longitudinal direction (opening width direction) and at least a part of the expansion material 3 are in contact with each other. That is, in the expansion step, it is necessary to maintain at least a state in which the portions are in contact with each other, but for example, when the expansion material 3 is in a state as shown in FIGS. 10 (a) and 10 (b), It is also assumed that the expansion material 3 is expanded while the expansion material 3 is in contact with the portion beyond this.

The deformation of the arch forming member 11 in this expansion step is shown in FIG.
The deformation of the arch forming member 11 will be schematically described with reference to FIG. 7.
When an upward force is applied to the central portion of the arch forming member 11 in the longitudinal direction (opening width direction) from the state shown in FIG. 7A, both ends of the arch forming member 11 move toward the center side. Although the position is changed, the linear shape cannot be maintained, and the arch forming member 11 is deformed so that the central portion in the longitudinal direction (opening width direction) rises. At this time, since the rotating node 111 is configured to be rotatable, it can be deformed around the rotating node 111.

Further, as described above, in the present embodiment, since the arch shape is a regular dodecagonal half-circumferential shape, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the rotation fulcrum portion 111a of the rotation node 111 is centered. The arch forming member pieces 11a arranged on both sides are configured so that they can be bent only by 30 °, and when the arch forming member pieces 11a are bent by 30 °, the angle θ1 = 0 ° formed by the fixed pieces 111b and 111b is obtained, and the fixed pieces are fixed. 111b and 111b come into contact with each other. That is, bending of 30 ° or more is prevented by the contact of the fixed pieces 111b and 111b.
Therefore, the arch forming member 11 is locked in order from the rotating node 111 on the side closer to the central portion in the longitudinal direction (opening width direction) to the rotating node 111 near both ends, and is locked in the longitudinal direction of the arch forming member 11. (Opening width direction) Arch shapes are formed in order from the center.

Then, as shown in FIG. 7C, when the arch shape is completely completed, a fixing step (step 3) of fixing the other end of the arch forming member 11 to the reference surface is performed.
The fixing method in this step may be any method, and a known method may be used. For example, an anchor having a female threaded fastening hole is embedded in an upright position, and a plate having a through hole communicating with the fastening hole is welded to both ends of the arch forming member 11. I will do it. Then, it is preferable to arrange the plate so that the through hole and the fastening hole communicate with each other, and fix the plate by fastening the bolt from the communication hole toward the fastening hole.
Then, as described above, the angle θ1 formed by the fixed pieces 111b and 111b is 0 °, and in the state where the fixed pieces 111b and 111b are in contact with each other (locked state), the angle θ2 formed by the arch forming member pieces 11a and 11a ( The angle formed in the downward direction, which is the reference plane direction) is 150 °. As described above, in the second fixing step of the present embodiment, an arch shape having a regular dodecagonal half-circumferential shape with an angle θ2 = 150 °, which is one internal angle, is formed. The completed state of this arch shape is shown in FIG.

Next, a foothold forming step (step 4) is performed.
In this step, a small amount of air is discharged from the expanding material 3 to cause the expanding material 3 to shrink.
As shown in FIG. 10, when the expanding member 3 is deflated in this way, a working space K1 can be formed between the arch forming member 11 and the outer surface of the expanding member 3.
In addition, the flow of this expansion step (step 2) → fixing step (step 3) → foothold forming step (step 4) is the scope of the patent claim, “the foothold forming step is carried out as a step after the expansion step. If so, it is a step performed between the two, and indicates a "fixing step of fixing at least one end of the arch forming member to the reference plane".

Next, the rotary node fixing step (step 5) is performed.
As described above, the bolt holes H1 and H1 communicate with each other when the fixing pieces 111b and 111b are in contact with each other (locked state).
Therefore, by inserting a fastening member such as a bolt into the communication holes of the bolt holes H1 and H1 and fastening the bolt holes, the rotation node 111 is completely prevented from rotating.
In the present embodiment, 40 rotation nodes 111 are formed (in FIG. 3, they are arranged at the intersections of the arch forming member 11 and the auxiliary member 12), and therefore the 40 rotation nodes 111 are formed. All the nodes 111 will be fixed.
However, as long as the strength can be maintained, not all of them may be fixed, but only the rotating nodes 111 at selected locations may be fixed.
The work space K1 formed in the foothold forming step can be used as a space for performing the rotating node fixing step.

As a method of fixing the rotating nodes 111, 111, a locking portion (protrusion, hook, etc.) is formed on one of the fixing pieces 111b, 111b, and a locked portion (recess, hole) is formed on the other. Etc. may be formed so that the locking (engagement, fitting) relationship is established and the fixing is completed at the same time when the fixing pieces 111b and 111b are combined.
Further, if sufficient strength can be secured only by combining the fixing pieces 111b and 111b, the rotary node fixing step does not necessarily have to be carried out and may be omitted.
Further, in order to prevent the mating surfaces of the fixing pieces 111b and 111b from slipping, the mating surfaces may be used as rough surfaces to increase the friction coefficient and increase the fixing force.
In such a case, the work space K1 can be used for work such as a route for visual inspection.

In the present embodiment, both ends of the arch forming member 11 are not fixed in the arrangement step, and both ends are pulled into the central portion of the arch forming member 11 in the longitudinal direction (opening width direction) in the expansion step. However, it is not limited to this.
That is, in the arrangement step, one end of the arch forming member 11 may be fixed to the reference surface, and the other end may be pulled into the central portion in the longitudinal direction (opening width direction) of the arch forming member 11.
In this case as well, the arch forming member 11 is similarly deformed so as to rise from the central portion in the longitudinal direction (opening width direction), but since one end is fixed, work such as alignment of the fixed position is easy. become. This fixing method may be any method, and may be the same method as the above-mentioned fixing step, but it is preferable that the fixing method is as follows.

That is, as shown in FIG. 14, it is preferable that the foundation member 13 is attached to one end of the arch forming member 11. In this case, the foundation member 13 is provided as a component of the skeleton 1. The foundation member 13 will be described with reference to FIG.
The foundation member 13 includes a flat plate-shaped reference surface fixing portion 13A, a flat plate-shaped arch forming member fixing portion 13B, and a hinge portion 13C.
That is, the angle (θ4 in FIG. 11) of the arch forming member fixing portion 13B with respect to the reference surface fixing portion 13A can be changed around the hinge portion 13C. In other words, the hinge portion 13C is configured so that the arch member fixing portion 13B can rotate with respect to the reference surface fixing portion 13A. In this embodiment, since the arch shape is a regular dodecagonal half-circumferential shape, the angle θ4 is calculated as follows.
θ4 = 180 ° -150 ° / 2 = 105 °
Since the arch shape is a regular dodecagonal half-circle shape, the rising angle (angle with respect to the reference plane) of the arch forming member 11 is 150 ° / 2 = 75 ° as shown in FIG. 14 (b).
As described above, in the initial state, the reference surface fixing portion 13A is fixed to the reference surface as shown in FIG. 14A, and the arch forming member fixing portion 13B is centered on the hinge portion 13C as a reference. It stands up at an angle θ4 = 105 ° with respect to the surface fixing portion 13A.
Then, as the arch forming member 11 rises, the arch forming member fixing portion 13B rotates with respect to the reference surface fixing portion 13A so that the angle θ4 gradually increases around the hinge portion 13C.
When the arch forming member 11 is completely raised, the angle θ4 formed by the arch forming member fixing portion 13B with respect to the reference surface fixing portion 13A centering on the hinge portion 13C is about 180 ° (horizontal to the reference surface). It becomes.
The foundation member 13 may also be provided at the other end of the arch forming member 11.
Further, in the present embodiment, the reference surface fixing portion 13A is arranged below the arch forming member 11 (that is, the position covered by the arch forming member 11), but the present invention is not limited to this, and for example, the arch forming member It may be arranged outside one end of 11. In this case, θ4 is set to 75 ° in the initial state, and as the arch forming member 11 rises, the arch forming member fixing portion 13A rotates so that θ4 gradually decreases. At this time, when the arch forming member 11 is completely raised, θ4 is about 0 ° (that is, the reference surface fixing portion 13A and the arch forming member fixing portion 13B are overlapped with each other).

<Preferable application example>
Next, a suitable application example of the expansion structure S3 will be described with reference to FIGS. 11 and 12.
The expansion structure S3 according to this example is also composed of the expansion material 3 and the surface structure 4.
The expansion material 3 in this example is configured to have a schematic shape obtained by reducing the internal shape of the arch-shaped structure S1 when expanded.
That is, it is formed in a semi-cylindrical shape (kamaboko shape), and the side surface to be a curved surface is a schematic shape obtained by reducing the internal shape of the arch-shaped structure S1. It is configured to fit. That is, a gap is formed between the frame 1 of the arch basic body S2 and the expansion member 3, and this gap serves as the work space K1.
Hereinafter, for the sake of explanation, the curved side surface of the expansion material 3 will be referred to as “expansion material side surface 31”, and the semicircular bottom surface will be referred to as “expansion material bottom surface 32”.
The direction across the bottoms 32 and 32 of the expanding material is the depth direction.

The surface structure 4 in this example includes a first support member 41, a second support member 42, a third support member 43, and an expansion material protrusion 44.
First, the expansion material protrusion 44 will be described with reference to FIGS. 11 and 12.
In this example, the expansion material protrusion 44 is integrally formed with the expansion material 3.
The expansion material protrusions 44 are semi-cylindrical (kamaboko-shaped) ridges extending in the depth direction of the expansion material 3, and are formed in twelve in the present embodiment.
However, the shape and the number of the expanding material protrusions 44 are not limited to this, and may be any shape or any number as long as it does not deviate from the gist of the present invention. good.
Further, in this example, the expansion material protrusion 44 is integrally formed with the expansion material 3, and is configured to expand and form at the same time when the expansion material 3 expands.
However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the expansion material protrusion 44 may be formed as a separate member and fixed to the expansion material side surface 31.

As shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, the first support member 41 according to this example is a rectangular flat plate, and the second support member 42 is a linear rod. The third support member 43 is a rod-shaped body that is curved and formed in a semicircular shape.
Further, as shown in FIG. 12, the first support member 41 is arranged so as to fit between the adjacent expansion member protrusions 44, 44, and the second support member 42 is the first support member 41. One end is fixed in the center. The second support member 42 stands upright so as to be perpendicular to the first support member 41.
A third support member 43 is fixed to the other end of the second support member 42. Specifically, the inner peripheral portion of the third support member 43, which is curved in a semicircular shape, is fixed to the other end of the second support member 42.
In this example, a total of six first support members 41 are arranged so as to be aligned on a semicircle parallel to the semicircumference of the bottom surface 32 of the expansion material, with the expansion material protrusions 44 and 44 interleaved at one interval. Has been done. Then, the inner circumference of the third support member 43 is fixed to the six second support members 42 that stand up from the six first support members 41.
In this way, the semicircumferential third support member 43 as shown in FIG. 11 is attached to the side surface 31 of the expanding material.

In this example, the above configuration example is shown, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the number of arrangements and the like can be appropriately changed as long as the gist of the present invention is not deviated.
Further, regarding the shape and the like, for example, the shape of the third support member 43 is formed in a partial circumferential shape, and the third support member 43 is attached only between the predetermined second support members 42 and 42. It may be.
Further, in FIG. 11, two sets of surface structures 4 are shown for explanation, but in this example, a plurality of sets are arranged at equal intervals along the depth direction. However, the number of formations, the formation interval, and the like may be configured in any way as long as the gist of the present invention is not deviated.

Further, the distance between the expansion material side surface 31 and the outer circumference of the third support member 43 is equivalent to the gap width of the work space K1, which is a gap formed between the frame 1 of the arch basic body S2 and the expansion material side surface 31. It is configured to be.
That is, conversely, as described above, when the expansion member 3 is expanded and the arch basic body S2 is pushed up (raised) in the expansion step (step 2), the third support member 43 is arched. Pressing against the skeleton 1 of the basic body S2 pushes up (starts up) the arch basic body S2. Then, when the expansion step (step 2) is completed, the work space K1 is formed, so that the expansion step (step 2) and the foothold forming step (step 4) are simultaneously executed here. ..
Then, after the expansion step (step 2) and the foothold forming step (step 4) proceed simultaneously, the fixing step (step 3) is executed.
A series of flows of this example indicate a "fixing step" within the scope of claims, "when the foothold forming step is carried out at the same time as the expansion step, it is carried out as the next step".

As described above, in this example, by expanding the expanding material 3, the arch basic body S2 can be raised to form the arch-shaped structure S1, and at the same time, the working space K1 can be formed. ..
Then, in this work space K1, the plurality of expansion material protrusions 44 serve as footholds, and the second support member 42 serves as a handrail.
Further, the third support member 43 also functions as a handrail. That is, the third support member 43 functions as a pressing member when pushing up the arch basic body S2 in the expansion step (step 2), and also functions as a handrail in the work space K1.
Further, the second support member 42 and the third support member 43 also function as support members for supporting the safety belt.
Therefore, the work of the rotary node fixing step (step 5), which is the next step, can be facilitated.

<Modification example>
FIG. 13 shows a modified example of the above-mentioned suitable application example.
In the example of FIG. 13, the above-mentioned expansion material protrusion 44 is formed to be large.
That is, the expansion material protrusion 44 having a height corresponding to the height required for the work space K1 is formed, and in the expansion step (step 2), the arch basic body S2 is formed at the tip of the expansion material protrusion 44. It was decided to push up (start up) the skeleton 1.
Although FIG. 13 shows an example in which the expansion material protrusion 44 is a square columnar ridge, the shape is not limited to this, and any method may be used as long as it does not deviate from the gist of the present invention. Shape may be used. Further, although the example in which the expansion material protrusion 44 is integrally formed with the expansion material 3 is shown, it may be a separate member as described above.
According to this example, the work space K1 can be formed while pushing up (raising) the skeleton 1 of the arch basic body S2 with a simple structure without taking a complicated structure.

As described above, in all of the above examples, the arch opening forming members 11A are arranged on the front side and the back side in the depth direction, and six arch intermediate part forming members 11B are arranged in parallel with them. , An arched structure S1 having a grid-like frame 1 with 35 auxiliary members 12 passed in the depth direction is formed. As described above, the arch opening forming member 11A and the arch intermediate forming member 11B are members having the same shape and structure (generally referred to as "arch forming member 11").
This name was divided by him as long as the minimum unit skeleton 1 has an arch forming member 11 for forming two openings of the arched structure S1, that is, an essential structure. With the intention of using "arch opening forming member 11A" as the name of the required arch forming member 11 and using "arch intermediate forming member 11B" as the name of the arch forming member 11 having a suitable configuration when added. be.

Further, in the present embodiment, in the expansion step (step 2), the arch forming member 11 is expanded along the reference surface by expanding the expansion material 3 interposed between the reference surface and the arch basic body S2. The arch basic body S2 is raised by pulling both ends toward the center. It should be noted that a configuration in which one end is fixed and only the other end is pulled toward the center may be used.
That is, only by inflating the inflating material 3, the skeleton 1 can be pushed up by the inflating material 3 to raise the arch basic body S2.
Therefore, unlike the conventional method, a heavy machine for lifting such as a crane is unnecessary.

Further, in the initial state, the panel 2 is placed flat on the reference surface, so that the panel 2 can be arranged on the flatly placed frame 1 by working on the reference surface.
That is, although not shown in FIG. 9, an "arch basic body forming step" of arranging the panel 2 on the frame 1 to form the arch basic body S2 is performed before the placement step (step 1). It is a thing.
Therefore, in the present embodiment, the panel 2 deforms the arch basic body S2 already installed to form the arch-shaped structure S1. Therefore, as in the conventional case, the panel or the like is used for the standing frame. Eliminates the need for high-altitude work to place the covering material.
Therefore, in the present embodiment, if necessary, the arch-shaped structure S1 is completed by only a few simple high-place operations in the rotary node fixing step (step 5).
However, in each of the above examples, the work space K1 can be secured in the foothold forming step (step 4). Therefore, even in this rotary node fixing step (step 5), workability is improved and the arch-shaped structure S1 can be easily erected.

S1 Arch structure S2 Arch basic body 1 Frame 11 Arch forming member 11A Arch opening forming member 11B Arch intermediate forming member 11a Arch forming member piece 111 Movable node 111a Rotating fulcrum 111b Fixed piece H1 Bolt hole 12 Auxiliary member 13 Foundation member 13A Reference surface fixing part 13B Arch forming member fixing part 13C Hing part 2 Panel S3 Expansion structure 3 Expansion material 31 Expansion material side surface 32 Expansion material bottom surface 4 Surface structure 41 First support member 42 Second support member 43 Third Support member 44 Expansion material protrusion K1 Work space

Claims (9)

An arch having a skeleton that is a material that forms an arch shape and has at least two long arch-forming members that are formed by having at least one rotating node that is rotatably configured. It is a method of forming an arched structure by deforming the basic body.
An arrangement step in which an expansion structure having a small volume is interposed between a reference surface, which is a surface on which the arch-shaped structure is erected, and the arch basic body.
An expansion step of expanding the expansion structure while maintaining a state in which at least the central portion of the arch forming member in the longitudinal direction and at least a part of the expansion structure are in contact with each other is provided.
In the expansion step, the arch is formed by rotating the arch forming member so that the angle formed by the arch forming member on the side of the reference plane is smaller than the angle formed by the rotating node. The member transforms into an arch shape that draws a part of the outer circumference of the polygon.
A step carried out as the step after the previous SL expansion step, a foothold forming step of forming a working space between the arch basic body and the surface of the inflatable structure,
A step carried out between the expansion step and the foothold forming step, further comprising a fixing step of fixing at least one end of the arch forming member to the reference surface .
In the expansion step, the expansion structure provided with the uneven surface structure on the outer surface is expanded.
In the step of forming the foothold, the working space is formed between the arch basic body and the surface structure in the expansion direction of the expansion structure by reducing the gas inside the expansion structure. A method for forming an arched structure, wherein the surface structure serves as a foothold. Arched structure forming method according to claim 1, characterized in that before further comprise a higher rotational clause fixing Engineering for fixing to prohibit the rotation of Kikaido clause. In the arrangement step, one end of the arch forming member is fixed to the reference surface.
The arch-shaped structure forming method according to claim 2, wherein in the fixing step, the other end of the arch-forming member is fixed to the reference surface. In the expansion step, both ends of the arch forming member are pulled toward the central portion in the longitudinal direction of the arch forming member.
The arch-shaped structure forming method according to claim 2, wherein both ends of the arch-forming member are fixed to the reference surface in the fixing step. The expansion structure is formed by having an expansion material that expands when the inside is filled with gas, and at least one protrusion that is arranged on at least a part of the outer surface of the expansion material. Ori,
In the expansion step, the protrusions intervene between the outer surface of the expansion material and the arch-forming member to deform the arch-forming member, and the interposition of the protrusions causes the expansion material to be formed. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the foothold forming step of forming a space formed between the outer side surface and the arch forming member as a working space is executed at the same time. Arched structure forming method. The arch forming member is
The arch opening forming member, which is the two arch forming members constituting the arch-shaped opening of the arched structure, and the two arch forming members formed in the same manner as the arch opening forming member. It is configured to include at least one arch intermediate forming member, which is arranged parallel to each other.
The arch-shaped structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5 , wherein in the expansion step, the arch opening forming member and the arch intermediate forming member are configured to interlock with each other. Forming method. The rotating node provided in the arch opening forming member and the rotating node provided in the arch intermediate forming member are arranged so as to extend in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the arch forming member. It is connected by an auxiliary member and
In the expansion process, the auxiliary member, by moving together with the rotating section, claim, characterized in that said arch opening forming member and the arch intermediate portion forming member is configured to interlock 6 The method for forming an arched structure according to the above. A plurality of the arch intermediate portion forming members are provided, and the individual rotating nodes provided in the individual arch intermediate portion forming members are connected by the auxiliary member.
The claim is characterized in that, in the expansion step, the auxiliary member moves together with the rotating node so that the arch opening forming member and the plurality of arch intermediate forming members are interlocked with each other. Item 7. The method for forming an arched structure according to Item 7. At least a part of the space of the skeleton is covered with at least one covering material.
In the arrangement step, the expansion structure having a small volume is interposed between the arch basic body in which the covering material is arranged and the reference surface.
The arch according to any one of claims 1 to 8 , wherein in the expansion step, the expansion structure is expanded with respect to the arch basic body in which the covering material is arranged. A method for forming a shaped structure.

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