JP6905723B1 - Lightweight civil engineering and building materials and their manufacturing methods - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a structure in which a lightweight civil engineering and a building material using foamed plastic particles has a low manufacturing cost and can reinforce the mechanical strength due to the presence of foamed plastic particles. SOLUTION: A lightweight civil engineering formed by mixing foamed plastic granules 1 made of foamed polystyrene, foamed polypropylene, a copolymer resin foam of polyethylene and polystyrene, or a mixture thereof, and a concrete material 2. And the aqueous solution of the lightweight civil engineering and building material 12 and the water-soluble adhesive 3 which are the building materials 12 and in which the water-soluble adhesive 3 is interposed between the foamed plastic particles 1 and the concrete material 2. The foamed plastic granules 1 mixed with 30 or the foamed plastic granules 1 coated with the water-soluble adhesive 3 are mixed with the ready-mixed plastic material 20 and stirred, and then dried in sequence, and then the lightweight civil engineering and construction. A configuration in which the material 12 is manufactured and the above-mentioned problems are achieved. [Selection diagram] Fig. 1

Description

The present invention is any of expanded polystyrene, expanded polypropylene, and a copolymer resin foam of polyethylene and polystyrene, which is intended to be used as a ground material in civil engineering work and a building material such as a wall material and a floor material in building work. Or, among the above three types of plastics, lightweight civil engineering and building materials formed by mixing foamed plastic grains composed of a mixture of two or three types with a concrete material containing cement and sand, and a method for producing the same. It is targeted.

Lightweight civil engineering and building materials formed by mixing foamed plastic grains such as polystyrene resin with concrete materials containing cement and gravel are publicly known as shown in Patent Documents 1 and 2.

The material is produced by mixing a ready-mixed concrete material composed of water, cement and sand with a foamed plastic grain produced in advance, stirring the foamed plastic grain and the ready-mixed concrete material, and then sequentially drying the material. Due to the presence of plastic particles, it is lightweight and easy to handle for transportation and construction work.

However, in lightweight civil engineering and building materials produced by such a manufacturing process, voids are distributed everywhere in the process of drying the ready-mixed concrete material, but the foamed plastic grains themselves are easily deformed. As the ratio of foamed plastic particles increases, the mechanical strength such as compressive strength tends to decrease gradually.
However, the fact that the foamed plastic particles are easily deformed means that when vibrations from the outside act, the foamed plastic particles are rather easily deformed, so that the vibrations are absorbed inside the material. Means to get.

In order to reinforce the strength of the material, for example, in Patent Document 1, a configuration in which fibers, linear bodies or mesh bodies are arranged in order to reinforce the mechanical strength of the entire material is adopted, and in the case of Patent Document 2. Similarly, the configuration in which the wire mesh is arranged is adopted.

However, in such an arrangement configuration, the molding process of the material is complicated, and a new arrangement process is required, so that the manufacturing cost is inevitably high.

Instead of the arrangement configuration, the strength of the material is increased by mixing an adhesive into the entire area of the concrete material of the material, filling a corresponding portion of the voids generated in the concrete material, and solidifying the material. Reinforcing configurations have been adopted in recent years.

However, even if the strength of the material is reinforced by mixing and solidifying the adhesive, it is actually extremely difficult to reinforce the mechanical strength due to the fact that the foamed plastic particles themselves are easily deformed.

Further, in the case of mixing an adhesive that fills most of the voids generated in the concrete material, the adhesive requires a large amount of cost, and therefore the manufacturing cost is high. There is no difference from the cases of 1 and 2.

As described above, in the known technology for lightweight civil engineering and building materials formed by mixing foamed plastic grains and concrete materials, the manufacturing process is simple and a large amount of adhesive does not need to be mixed. Has not been advocated.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 3-72133 Utility Model Registration No. 3040562

According to the present invention, in lightweight civil engineering and building materials mixed with foamed plastic particles, the manufacturing cost is low, and the mechanical strength due to the presence of foamed plastic particles can be sufficiently reinforced. The challenge is to provide it.

In order to solve the above problems, the basic configuration of the present invention is
(1) It is composed of foamed polystyrene, foamed polypropylene, a copolymer resin foam of polyethylene and polystyrene, or a mixture of 2 or 3 of the above 3 types of plastic, and forms a spherical skin layer. It is a lightweight civil engineering and building material formed by mixing the foamed plastic granules and a concrete material containing cement and sand, and the foamed plastic granules are coated with a water-soluble adhesive. Lightweight civil engineering and construction materials that the agent adheres not only to foamed plastic grains but also to concrete materials,
(2) A ready-mixed concrete material containing water, cement, and sand was mixed with the foamed plastic particles in a state of being mixed with an aqueous solution of a water-soluble adhesive, and the aqueous solution and the foamed plastic particles and the ready-mixed concrete material were stirred. The method for producing lightweight civil engineering and building materials according to (1) above, which is based only on subsequent drying in sequence.
(3) Water, cement, with respect to the foamed plastic particles coated with the water-soluble adhesive obtained by stirring and mixing the foamed plastic particles and the aqueous solution of the water-soluble adhesive and then drying. The method for producing lightweight civil engineering and building materials according to (1) above, which is based only on mixing ready-mixed concrete material containing sand, stirring foamed plastic grains and ready-mixed concrete material, and then sequentially drying them.
Consists of.

The lightweight civil engineering and building materials of the basic configuration (1) can exhibit the following effects as compared with the lightweight concrete material in which only voids are present without adopting foamed plastic grains.
1. 1. Due to the presence of foamed plastic particles, water absorption / hygroscopicity is small and water permeability can be exhibited, and as a result, it can be used in construction with a high water level and construction in water.
2. In the case of a material that is even lighter than the above lightweight concrete material and is in the stage of being sequentially dried after mixing the ready-mixed concrete material with the foamed plastic particles, the material has fluidity and variability, so that the construction site The construction work can be easily carried out.
3. 3. Due to the deformability of the foamed plastic particles, the ratio of absorbing external vibrations and shocks is high.
4. Due to the presence of the organic foamed plastic particles, the thermal conductivity is extremely lower than that of the inorganic concrete material, and the degree of deformation due to temperature change can be reduced.
5. Since the degree of elastic deformation is large, filling and casting can be performed in a narrow region, and since the casting pressure is small, the formwork can be made into a simple shape.

Furthermore, the lightweight civil engineering and building materials of the basic configuration (1) have the following effects as compared with the conventional configuration formed by mixing the foamed plastic grains that do not form a sphere and the concrete material. Can be demonstrated.
1. 1. The reason is that the foamed plastic particles forming a sphere are covered with a cured water-soluble adhesive, and the adhesive is adhered not only to the foamed plastic particles but also to the concrete material. Mechanical strength such as compressive strength can be sufficiently improved.
2. As in the case of the prior art as in Patent Documents 1 and 2, the arrangement of fibers, linear bodies, net-like bodies and the like is unnecessary, and the manufacturing process is extremely simple.
3. 3. It is not necessary to mix the water-soluble adhesive in the entire area of the concrete material, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced as compared with the conventional technique in which the water-soluble adhesive is mixed in the entire area.

Moreover, the manufacturing methods of the basic configurations (2) and (3) have realized the lightweight civil engineering and building materials of the basic configuration (1) in which the foamed plastic grains and the concrete material form a uniform mixed state. As a result, each of the above effects can be exhibited.

It is a schematic side sectional view which shows the structure of the material of the basic structure (1). It is a side sectional view which shows the process of manufacturing the lightweight civil engineering and the building material of the basic structure (1), and (a) shows the case of the basic structure (2). It is a side sectional view which shows the process of manufacturing the lightweight civil engineering and the building material of the basic structure (1), and (b) shows the case of the basic structure (3). In the graph showing the relationship between the density and the mechanical strength in the embodiment of the present invention, (a) shows the case of compressive strength, (b) shows the case of bending strength, and (c) shows the case of bending strength. The case of compressive elastic modulus is shown. It is a front view of the embodiment in the case where the lightweight civil engineering and the building material of the present invention are used as the ground material, (a) shows the case where it is used as a sheet pile type quay, and (b) is the quay (revetment). (C) shows the case of using it as the back surface of the abutment, and (d) shows the case of using it as the embankment on the soft base.

The basic configuration is that the lightweight civil engineering and building material 12 of the basic configuration (1) are formed by mixing the foamed plastic particles 1 and the concrete material 2 as in the case of the publicly known techniques of Patent Documents 1 and 2. Then, as shown in FIG. 1, the basic feature is that the foamed plastic particles 1 forming the sphere are coated with the water-soluble adhesive 3.

By coating the water-soluble adhesive 3 in this way, not only the decrease in mechanical strength due to the easy deformation of the foamed plastic particles 1 is reinforced, but also the foamed plastic particles 1 and the concrete material 2 are adhered to each other. The enhancement of mechanical strength has already been explained in the section on effects.

The formation of the bonded state will be described later in accordance with the manufacturing methods of the basic configurations (2) and (3).

Examples of the water-soluble adhesive 3 include water-soluble resins such as polyacrylamide, sodium polyacrylate, polyethyleneimine, polyvinyl alcohol, and polyvinyl butyral, or acrylic-styrene copolymers and acrylamides that form emulsions when mixed with water. -Acrylate copolymer and asphalt polyethylene are preferably used.
However, a natural water-soluble adhesive 3 such as glue, dextrin, casein, gum arabic, etc. can also be adopted.

In the lightweight civil engineering and building materials 12 of the basic configuration (1), the weight ratio of the foamed plastic grains 1 and the concrete material 2 can be appropriately adjusted, and the density of the materials changes due to the adjustment.

In the case of the usual embodiment, the density of the material is in the numerical range ^{of 0.2 to 1.6 g / cm 3.}

As the foamed plastic granule 1 of the basic configuration (1), three types of polystyrene, polypropylene, and a copolymer resin foam of polystyrene and polystyrene or a mixture thereof are adopted, and the basis is polystyrene, polypropylene, polyethylene. -The polystyrene copolymer resin foams are all rich in plasticity, and are easy to produce as foamed plastic particles 1.

In each of the foamed plastic particles 1, the measured values when the size of the foamed region is changed, the density is measured according to JIS K7222, and the compressive strength is measured according to JIS K7220 are shown in the table below. It is a street.

The compressive strength in Table 1 is the compressive strength in which the aggregates of the foamed plastic particles 1 are fused to each other and formed into a plate shape, and is spherical and has voids between them. It is not the compressive strength in the aggregate of the foamed plastic particles 1 formed.

However, since each foamed plastic grain 1 is not deformed at the stage of fusion, the compressive strength of the plate-shaped body and the compressive strength of the aggregate of the foamed plastic grain 1 which is spherical and has voids are different. , It has been found that it exhibits almost the same compressive strength.

As is clear from the data in Table 1, it can be confirmed that these three types of foamed plastic grains 1 can exhibit a predetermined compressive strength in the stage before reaching the mixed state with the concrete material 2. can.

Polystyrene was selected as the foamed plastic grain 1, the weight ratio of the cement in the concrete material 2 was 40% and 5 minutes, the outer diameter range of the foamed plastic grain 1 was 2 mm to 8 mm, and the average outer diameter was 5.0 mm. However, polyacrylamide is used as the water-soluble adhesive 3, and the aqueous solution 30 of polyacrylamide and the foamed plastic granules at a ratio of 6 kg of polyacrylamide and 60 liters of water to an aggregate of 1 ^{m 3 of foamed plastic granules 1 are used.} A mixture with 1 was prepared.

Under the above selection, adoption, and preparation, the lightweight civil engineering and building materials 12 of the basic configuration (1) were manufactured by the manufacturing method of the basic configuration (2). At that time, the foamed plastic grains 1 and the concrete material 2 were manufactured. Measurement results of compressive strength according to JIS A1108, measurement results of bending strength according to JIS A1106, and ceramic composite materials when the densities of lightweight civil engineering and building materials 12 are sequentially changed by changing the weight ratio of The measurement results of the compressive elastic modulus according to JIS R1673 are as shown in Table 2 below, and can be displayed by the graphs of FIGS. 3 (a), 3 (b), and (c).

The values of compressive strength, bending strength, and compressive elastic modulus are at least about 20% larger than the data when the foamed plastic particles 1 are not coated with the adhesive 3 made of a water-soluble resin such as polyacrylamide. Shown.

The reasons for this are that the water-soluble adhesive 3 intervenes between the foamed plastic granules 1 and the concrete material 2 to exert an adhesive force against both, and the foamed plastic granules according to the manufacturing method of the basic configuration (2). It can be assumed that 1 is uniformly mixed in the concrete material 2.

Among the measured data, the bending strength and compressive modulus when the densities are 0.2 (g / cm ³ ) and 0.4 (g / cm ³ ), and further, when the density is 1.6 (g / cm ³ ). We have not measured the flexural strength of these densities, but the reason is that these densities are rarely adopted.

In the case of the sheet pile type quay as shown in FIG. 4 (a), the usage mode of the lightweight civil engineering and the building material 12 of the basic configuration (1) as the ground material in the civil engineering work is as shown in FIG. 4 (b). In the case of (revetment), the case of the back surface of the abutment 7 as shown in FIG. 4 (c), the case of embankment on a soft base as shown in FIG. 4 (d), etc. are typical examples. In the case of the form, the compressive strength is 220 (kN / m ² ), which is necessary and sufficient state can be maintained.

Furthermore, in the case of ordinary private houses and condominiums on the 10th floor or lower, when used as a ground reinforcing material, a compressive strength exceeding ^{900 (kN / m 2) is unnecessary.}

Therefore, the density embodiment that can be frequently adopted in the lightweight civil engineering and building materials 12 of the basic configuration (1) is 0.6 to 1.3 (g / cm ³ ).

As shown in the graphs of Table 2 and FIG. 3, in the lightweight civil engineering and building materials 12 of the basic configuration (1), the mechanical strength such as the compressive strength and the bending strength increases as the density increases, while compressing. The modulus of elasticity also increases.

Such an increase in the compressive elastic modulus indicates that the material can be adapted to vibration from the outside in a state where the degree of expansion and contraction of the material corresponding to the pressure from the outside is small.

In the lightweight civil engineering and building materials 12 of the basic configuration (1), when the average outer diameter of the foamed plastic granules 1 is changed to a larger state without changing the density, it is deformed in response to external pressure. It is attributed to the fact that the possible limits can be set large.

This is because the region most easily deformed in response to the external pressure is the region where the foamed plastic particles 1 exist, and the limit of the deformation depends on the average diameter of the foamed plastic particles 1. This is because the larger the average diameter, the more the deformation can be sequentially performed in response to the external pressure, and the compressive force required for fracture also becomes a large numerical value.

Therefore, in the lightweight civil engineering and building materials 12 of the basic configuration (1), when the average outer diameter of the foamed plastic particles 1 is large while having the same density, it is attributed to having a larger compressive strength. do.

In this way, in the basic configuration (1), the outer diameter of the skin layer in the foamed plastic grain 1 is set to be 2.0 mm to 10 mm, which is a larger upper limit than the normal outer diameter, and then the density is small. In the case of the embodiment characterized in that a large numerical value is set for the outer diameter according to the selection of the numerical value, the lightweight civil engineering and building materials 12 are lighter and contribute to the convenience of handling. It is convenient for use because it can maintain the required mechanical strength such as compressive strength.

In particular, in the embodiment characterized in that the density and the outer diameter are in an inversely proportional relationship, both weight reduction and mechanical strength can be simply realized, which is extremely convenient.

As shown in FIG. 1, the foamed plastic particles 1 inevitably form a spherical skin layer 11 that surrounds the inner space portion, and the thickness of the skin layer 11 varies depending on the product. be.

On the other hand, in the case of the water-soluble adhesive 3, the larger the outer diameter of the foamed plastic particles 1, the larger the thickness tends to be adopted. However, even if the thickness at the drying stage is about 0.1 mm, Adhesive force can be exerted on both the foamed plastic grain 1 and the concrete material 2, and a thickness of up to 2 mm is not always necessary.

In the embodiment in which the weight ratio of the cement in the concrete material 2 is set to 30% to 60% in the basic configuration (1), a large amount of water-soluble adhesive is provided due to the adhesive function of the cement itself. It is possible to exhibit mechanical strength sufficiently comparable to the configuration in which 3 is mixed in the concrete material 2.

In the above embodiment, 30% of the lower limit value is based on the necessity of ensuring mechanical strength such as compressive strength, while 60% of the upper limit value is the mechanical strength even if the upper limit value is exceeded. It is based on the fact that it cannot be improved and the consideration of economic cost.

In each of the manufacturing methods of the basic configurations (2) and (3), it is possible to mix the ready-mixed concrete material 20 with the foamed plastic particles 1, mix the two with a stirrer having a stirring blade 4, and sequentially solidify them. This is the same as in the case of the prior art.
In the prior art and the basic configuration (2), the reason why the foamed plastic particles 1 are not mixed with the ready-mixed concrete material 20 is that in the case of mixing in such an order, it floats on the upper side of the ready-mixed concrete material 20. This is because it is extremely complicated and difficult to uniformly mix the foamed plastic particles 1 vertically and vertically by stirring.

However, in the basic configuration (2), as shown in FIG. 2A, the ready-mixed concrete material 20 is mixed with the aqueous solution 30 of the water-soluble adhesive 3 around the foamed plastic particles 1. In the basic configuration (3), as shown in FIG. 2 (b), the foamed plastic particles 1 are coated with the water-soluble adhesive 3 and then the above-mentioned Stirring and mixing with the ready-mixed concrete material 20 and solidification are sequentially realized, but in each case, the interposition of the water-soluble adhesive 3 is different from the manufacturing method of the prior art.

In the basic configuration (2), the aqueous solution 30 of the water-soluble adhesive 3 mixed with water is mixed with the aggregate of the foamed plastic particles 1, and the foamed plastic particles 1 and the aqueous solution 30 are stirred and mixed. Then, based only on mixing the ready-mixed concrete material 20 with the mixture of the foamed plastic granules 1 and the aqueous solution 30, stirring the aqueous solution 30, the foamed plastic granules 1 and the ready-mixed material 20 and then drying them in sequence. Manufactures lightweight civil engineering and building materials 12 having the basic configuration (1).

In the case of the production method of the basic configuration (2), the process in which the water-soluble adhesive 3 comes into contact with the foamed plastic particles 1 and the cement and gravel in the ready-mixed concrete material 20 in the state of the aqueous solution 30 and then is sequentially dried. In, it is possible to form a state in which they are adhered to both sides.

In the case of the production method of the basic configuration (3), as shown in FIG. 2 (b), the foamed plastic particles 1 and the aqueous solution 30 of the water-soluble adhesive 3 are stirred and mixed in advance and then dried. after forming the state of the plastic foam particles 1 coated with the adhesive 3, with respect to foamed plastic grain 1 which is in the covering state, mixed with fresh concrete member 20, and stirring the foamed plastic particles 1 and mixed concrete material 20 The lightweight civil engineering and building materials 12 having the basic configuration (1) are manufactured only based on the sequential drying.

As described above, the manufacturing method of the basic configuration (3) is slightly more manufactured than the basic configuration (2) in that it requires an independent step of coating the foamed plastic particles 1 with the water-soluble adhesive 3 in advance. It cannot be denied that the efficiency is low.

However, in the case of the basic configuration (3), the water-soluble adhesive 3 covering the foamed plastic particles 1 melts in the water in the ready-mixed concrete 20, and further forms an adhesive state with the concrete material 2. be able to.

In the basic configurations (2) and (3), the weight ratio of water in the sample of the ready-mixed concrete material 20 in the pre-mixing stage with respect to the foamed plastic grain 1 is in the range of 25% to 45%, and the sample is prepared. The embodiment characterized in that the weight ratio of water is larger as the density is higher is preferably adopted.

As in the embodiment using the sample in the previous stage of mixing with the foamed plastic granules 1, the weight ratio of water is 45% or less and 25% or less, and the weight of water increases as the density increases when dried. By setting a large ratio, both the strength of the concrete material 2 and the fluidity of the ready-mixed concrete material 20 can be achieved at the same time.

In the above embodiment, when the density of the concrete material 2 when dried is 0.6, the weight ratio of water is 25%, and when the density is 1.0, the weight ratio of water is 45. It is set as%.

Hereinafter, a method of using the lightweight civil engineering and building materials 12, which are the features of the present invention, will be described in accordance with Examples.

In the embodiment, the lightweight civil engineering and building material 12 of the basic configuration (1) are housed in a deformable packaging bag, and the packaging bag is laid as a unit in an area used as a ground material. It features a method of using civil engineering and building materials 12.

Examples with the above characteristics can be suitably adopted especially in civil engineering work using ground materials as shown in FIGS. 4 (a), (b), (c) and (d).
However, the above embodiment can also be adopted in the case of building materials such as flooring materials.

In this way, efficient laying work can be realized by handling the lightweight civil engineering and the building material 12 whose unit is the storage in the deformable packaging bag.

The present invention based on the basic configurations (1), (2), and (3) is for lightweight civil engineering and construction with high mechanical strength due to the presence of an adhesive between the foamed plastic grains and the concrete material. It is possible to realize materials at a low economic cost, and the range of use is enormous.

1 Foamed plastic grains 11 Foamed plastic grains skin layer 2 Concrete material 21 Voids in concrete material 20 Ready-mixed concrete material 12 Lightweight civil engineering and building materials 3 Water-soluble adhesive 30 Water-soluble adhesive aqueous solution 4 Stirring blade 5 River And seawater 6 River walls 7 Bridges 8 Roads 9 Concrete land

Claims (10)

It is composed of foamed polystyrene, foamed polypropylene, a copolymer resin foam of polyethylene and polystyrene, or a mixture of two or three of the above three types of plastics, and forms a spherical skin layer. A lightweight civil and building material formed by mixing foamed plastic particles with a concrete material containing cement and sand. The foamed plastic particles are coated with a water-soluble adhesive, and the adhesive foams. Lightweight civil engineering and building materials that adhere not only to plastic grains but also to concrete materials. The lightweight civil engineering and building material according to claim 1, wherein the water-soluble adhesive is any one of polyacrylamide, sodium polyacrylate, polyethyleneimine, polyvinyl alcohol, and polyvinyl butyral. The lightweight civil engineering according to claim 1, wherein the water-soluble adhesive is any one of an acrylic / styrene copolymer, an acrylamide / acrylate copolymer, and an asphalt / polyethylene that form an emulsion when mixed with water. And building materials. By adjusting the weight ratio of the foamed plastic grains to the concrete material, the density range is 0.2 to 1.6 g / cm ³ , preferably 0.6 to 1.3 g / cm ^3. The lightweight civil engineering and building materials according to any one of claims 1, 2 and 3. The lightweight civil engineering and construction according to claim 4, wherein the outer diameter of the skin layer in the foamed plastic granules is 2.0 mm to 10 mm, and a large value is set for the outer diameter as a small value is selected as the density. Materials. The lightweight civil engineering and building material according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, wherein the weight ratio of cement in the concrete material is 30% to 60%. A ready-mixed concrete material containing water, cement, and sand is mixed with the foamed plastic particles in a state of being mixed with an aqueous solution of a water-soluble adhesive, and the aqueous solution, the foamed plastic particles, and the ready-mixed concrete material are stirred and then dried in sequence. The method for manufacturing lightweight civil engineering and building materials according to claim 1, based solely on what to do. Water, cement, and sand are contained in the foamed plastic particles coated with the water-soluble adhesive obtained by stirring and mixing the foamed plastic particles and the aqueous solution of the water-soluble adhesive and then drying. mixed raw concrete material and foamed plastic grain and light engineering and manufacturing method of building materials for based only on claim 1, wherein sequentially dried to after stirring the raw concrete material. The weight ratio of water in the sample of ready-mixed concrete material before mixing with foamed plastic particles is in the range of 25% to 45%, and the higher the density of the sample, the larger the weight ratio of water. The method for manufacturing lightweight civil engineering and building materials according to claim 8. Use of lightweight civil engineering and building materials according to claim 1, wherein the lightweight civil engineering and building materials are housed in a deformable packaging bag, and the packaging bag is laid as a unit in an area used as a ground material. Method.

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