JP6884394B2 - 間葉系幹細胞を含む細胞シート組成物、及び、それを用いた管腔臓器の治癒方法 - Google Patents
間葉系幹細胞を含む細胞シート組成物、及び、それを用いた管腔臓器の治癒方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
[2] 前記間葉系幹細胞が、臍帯血、胎盤、骨髄、脂肪組織、滑膜、及び/又は、多能性幹細胞由来の間葉系幹細胞である、[1]に記載の細胞シート組成物。
[3] 前記間葉系幹細胞が、脂肪由来幹細胞である、[1]又は[2]に記載の細胞シート組成物。
[4] 前記創傷部が、縫合又は吻合された創傷部である、[1]〜[3]のいずれか1項に記載の細胞シート組成物。
[5] 貼付される部位が、前記管腔臓器の外壁である、[1]〜[4]のいずれか1項に記載の細胞シート組成物。
[6] 前記管腔臓器が、消化管である、[1]〜[5]のいずれか1項に記載の細胞シート組成物。
[7] 前記管腔臓器が、腸管である、[1]〜[6]のいずれか1項に記載の細胞シート組成物。
[9] 前記間葉系幹細胞が、臍帯血、胎盤、骨髄、脂肪組織、滑膜、及び/又は、多能性幹細胞由来の間葉系幹細胞である、[8]に記載の方法。
[10] 前記間葉系幹細胞が、脂肪由来幹細胞である、[8]又は[9]に記載の方法。
[11] 前記創傷部が、縫合又は吻合された創傷部である、[8]〜[10]のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
[12] 貼付する部位が、前記管腔臓器の外壁である、[8]〜[11]のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
[13] 前記管腔臓器が、消化管である、[8]〜[12]のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
[14] 前記管腔臓器が、腸管である、[8]〜[13]のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
・ミニブタメス(月齢5〜6カ月、NIBS系ミニブタ、日本生物科学研究所)
・ペニシリン・ストレプトマイシン(INVITROGEN、#15140122)
・ウシ胎児血清(FBS;ジャパンバイオシーラム社、#73106−23R1501)
・Trypsin−EDTA(×1)(ナカライテスク社、#32777−44)
・L−アスコルビン酸りん酸エステルマグネシウム塩n水和物(和光純薬社、#013−19641)
・ポピドンヨード(イソジン(登録商標)、明治製菓社、#50400)
・コラゲナーゼ(SERVA社、#17465 NB 4G Proved Grade)
・蒸留水(大塚製薬社)
・RNeasy(登録商標) Fibrous Tissue Mini Kit(QIAGEN社、#74704)
・マイトマイシンC(和光純薬工業社、#134−07911)
・Hepatocyte Growth Factor(Heapapoietin A, Scatter Factor)(HGF) ELISA Kit(antibodies,online.Com社、#ABIN367412)
・FGF basic Pig ELISA Kit(アブカム社、#ab156467)
・Alexa Fluor(登録商標)647 Mouse Anti−Pig CD29(BD Pharmingen、#561496)
・Anti−CD44 antibody[IM7](FITC)(アブカム社、#ab19622)
・APC Mouse Anti−Human CD90(BD Pharmingen社、#561971)
・CD105 Ms mAb to CD105(アブカム社、#ab69772)
・PE Mouse Anti−Rat CD31(BD Pharmingen社、#555027)
・Monoclonal Antibody to CD45/LCA(CD45R)−PE(Acris Antibodies, Inc.社、#SM563R)
・CD31抗体;Anti−CD31 antibody(アブカム社、#ab28364)
・CD29ネガティブコントロール:Alexa Fluor(登録商標)647 Mouse IgG1,κ Isotype Control(BD Pharmingen社、#557714)
・CD44ネガティブコントロール:Mouse IgG(FITC)−Isotype Control(アブカム社、#ab37356)
・CD90ネガティブコントロール:APC Mouse IgG1,κ Isotype Control (BD Pharmingen社、#555751)
・CD105ネガティブコントロール:Mouse IgG2a,κ Isotype (PE/Cy7) (アブカム社、#ab103534)
・CD105 2次抗体:Gout pAb to Ms IgG2a PE/Cy7 (アブカム社、#ab130787)
・CD31ネガティブコントロール: CD29 control(BD Pharmingen社、BD557714)
・CD45 ネガティブコントロール:PE Mouse IgG1,κ Isotype Control(BD Pharmingen社、#550617)
・75cm2フラスコ (BDファルコン社、#353810)
・3.5cm(35mm)温度応答性培養皿(UpCell(登録商標))(セルシード社、#CS3007)
・マノメーターPG−100B(日本電算コパル社、#PG−100B−102R−MX2T)
・フローサイトメーター(Gallios、BECKMAN COULTER社)
・FACS解析ソフト(Kalusa、BECKMAN COULTER社)
・リアルタイムPCR(Step One PlusTM Real−Time PCR System、Thermo Fisher Scientific社、#4379216)
実施例中のリアルタイムPCR法に使用したプライマーは、Applied Biosystems社より購入した。それぞれのプライマーの情報を以下に示す。
・ACTB(βアクチン);
Taq Man(登録商標)Gene Expression Assays、β−actin
assay ID: Ss03376081_m1
・Collagen1;
Taq Man(登録商標) Gene Expression Assays、collagen,type I,alpha 1
assay ID: Ss03373340_m1
・Collagen3;
Taq Man(登録商標)Gene Expression Assays、collagen,type III ,alpha 1
assay ID: Ss04323790_m1
1−1.脂肪由来幹細胞の分離培養および細胞シート組成物の作製
(1)脂肪由来幹細胞の分離
脂肪由来幹細胞の分離はWatanabe N.らの論文(Watanabe N.,et al.,Genetically Modified Adipose Tissue−Derived Stem/Stromal Cells,Using Simian Immunodeficiency Virus−Based Lentiviral Vectors,in the Treatment of Hemophilia B.Hum Gene Ther.2013 Mar;24(3):283-294.)に記載の方法に従った。具体的には、NIBS系ミニブタ(6ヶ月、16〜20kg)の腹壁の皮下脂肪を局所麻酔下になるべく血球成分が入らないようにして20g採取した。その後、採取した脂肪組織はポピドンヨードで殺菌消毒を行い、抗生剤入り培地(1% ペニシリン・ストレプトマイシン入りDMEM)で2回洗浄した。洗浄後、ディッシュの上でハサミを用いて組織片を細かくした。4gずつ50mlチューブに入れ抗生剤入り培地を35ml加え、0.27 pzu/mlの濃度のコラゲナーゼを1mlずつ加えた。37℃、150rpmで1時間振盪した。その後4℃で300Gで5分間遠心した。30秒間チューブを用手的に振盪した。再度、4℃、300Gで5分間遠心した。チューブ表面に浮遊する大型の組織片を除去し、100μmのセルストレーナー(BD 日本ベクトン・ディッキンソン社、#352360)に通した。その後、40μmのセルストレーナー(BD 日本ベクトン・ディッキンソン社、#352340)に通した。4℃、1500rpmで5分間遠心した。上清を除去しペレットを10%FBS入り培地で懸濁し、75cm2フラスコ5枚に播種し37℃インキュベーターで培養した。
細胞播種後3日目に培地交換を行い、5日目に0.25%トリプシンで細胞を剥がした後に10枚の75cm2フラスコに継代した。継代後は2〜3日後で再度継代を行った。2〜3日後に再度0.25%トリプシンで細胞を剥がし、細胞カウントを行った後に、2.3×106個の細胞を2mlの培地に懸濁し、35mm UP Cell(登録商標)に播種し、37℃で2日間培養した。2日後に16.4μg/mlアスコルビン酸入り培地で培地交換を行った。更に2日後にアスコルビン酸入り培地で培地交換を行い、細胞シート組成物移植直前に20℃のインキュベーターで20〜30分インキュベートすることで細胞をシート状に回収した。
上記方法で回収した細胞シート組成物はコンパウンドで包埋後に液体窒素で凍結し組織切片を作製した。ヘマトキシリン・エオジン染色および抗ビメンチン抗体(アブカム社、#ab8069)にてVimentinの免疫染色を行った。
3継代目、UP Cell(登録商標)に播種する直前の細胞を用いて培養している細胞が脂肪由来幹細胞であることを確認した。フローサイトメーターで幹細胞マーカー(CD29、CD44、CD90、CD105陽性、CD31、CD45陰性)を用いて存在する細胞の表現型を確認した。一方で幹細胞の機能評価として多分化能に関しては既知の方法で脂肪・骨への分化誘導を確認した(参考:Kato Y,et al.Allogeneic Transplantation of an Adipose−Derived Stem Cell Sheet Combined With Artificial Skin Accelerates Wound Healing in a Rat Wound Model of Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity.Diabetes.2015 Aug;64(8):2723−34)。また既知の方法で自己複製能の評価はコロニー形成試験を用いて行った(参考:Kato Y,et al.Allogeneic Transplantation of an Adipose−Derived Stem Cell Sheet Combined With Artificial Skin Accelerates Wound Healing in a Rat Wound Model of Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity.Diabetes.2015 Aug;64(8):2723−34)。
脂肪由来幹細胞シート組成物を24時間培養した培養培地を採取し、Hepatocyte Growth Factor(Heapapoietin A,Scatter Factor)(HGF)ELISA Kit及びFGF basic Pig ELISA Kitを用いて、キットに添付の手順書に従い、培養液中のHGF、FGF2を測定した。
(1)消化管吻合部への移植方法
上記方法でシート状に回収した脂肪由来幹細胞シート組成物は消化管吻合術後の吻合部漿膜面に細胞シート組成物の基底膜面が接着するように移植した。吻合部全周を覆うように細胞シート組成物を3枚移植した。
ミニブタ小腸の漿膜下に100μg/mlのマイトマイシンCを2mlずつ局注、更に縫合予定部への血管を6本結紮切離した後に腸間膜対側を2cm切開し、その後に同部位を5針ずつ4−0バイクリルによりGambee縫合で縫合し作製した小腸縫合部創傷治癒遅延モデルに対して上記脂肪由来幹細胞シート組成物を移植することで脂肪由来幹細胞シート組成物移植の縫合部の創傷治癒促進効果および補強効果を検証した。1頭のミニブタにつき8か所の小腸縫合部を作製し、8か所の縫合部の口側と肛門側に側々吻合でバイパスを作製した。4か所を細胞シート組成物移植群、4か所を細胞シート組成物非移植群になるように細胞シート組成物移植直前にランダムに決定し、細胞シート組成物移植群には3枚ずつ脂肪由来幹細胞シート組成物を縫合部が覆われるように移植した。手術当日、翌日に抗生剤を点滴し、術後3日目より食事を開始し術後7日目に再開腹手術を行った。縫合腸管を摘出した後に塩化カリウムを静注し犠牲死させた。
移植後生着性の評価には移植直前に蛍光色素PKH26GL(SIGMA社 製品番号:PKH26GL−1KT)を細胞シート組成物に添加し移植した。移植後7日目に摘出した吻合部を凍結組織切片作製用包埋剤(製品名「O.C.T.コンパウンド」、サクラファインテックジャパン社、#4583)に包埋後、液体窒素で凍結し組織切片を作製した。その後、蛍光顕微鏡で脂肪由来幹細胞シート組成物の生着の有無を確認した。
参考文献(Ikeda T.,et al.,Evaluation of techniques to prevent colorectal anastomotic leakage.J Surg Res.2015 Apr;194(2):450−7.)に従って、小腸縫合部の耐圧試験を行った。具体的には、摘出した腸管は縫合部の癒着を愛護的に剥離し、縫合部から2cmずつ離して切離した。縫合部口側にエクスエンションチューブ(トップ社 5C13M)を挿入し2号絹糸(日本工業規格JIS−T4101)で結紮し、縫合部肛門側はリスター型腸鉗子で断端を把持した。その後、エクステンションチューブと三方活栓付きの点滴チューブを接続し、圧測定用のマノメーターと接続した。吻合部を1500mlの生理食塩水内に沈め、三方活栓に50ml注射器を接続し空気を注入し縫合部から空気が漏れた瞬間の圧を測定した。
上記耐圧試験を行っていないブタの縫合部を摘出後に腸間膜側で切開し標本を粘膜面で拡げ固定しデジタルカメラで写真を撮影した。撮影した写真の縫合部から口側肛門側それぞれ1cmずつの範囲における潰瘍面積の割合を画像解析ソフト(Image J(Ver.1.48))により算出し比較した。
手術後7日目に摘出したサンプルをコンパウンドに包埋後、液体窒素で凍結し組織切片を作製した。ヘマトキシリン・エオジン染色、シリウスレッド染色、CD31免疫染色を行った。CD31については1視野あたりの陽性細胞の密度を計測した。検体当たり3視野のCD31陽性細胞の割合の平均値を算出し、各群で平均値を求めた。
手術後7日目に摘出したサンプルの縫合部よりRNA抽出をした。RNAから逆転写反応によりcDNAを合成した。リアルタイムPCR法により1型コラーゲンおよび3型コラーゲン転写量を定量し、内因性コントロールであるβ−アクチン転写量で除算した。
データは平均値±標準誤差であらわした。群間の比較はt検定にて行い、P値が0.05未満を有意差ありとした。
(1)脂肪由来幹細胞シート組成物の組織学的解析
直径1.3cmの4層積層シートを組織学的に確認した。免疫染色でVimentin陽性で脂肪由来幹細胞シート組成物として矛盾しない結果であった。(図1)
フローサイトメーターでCD29、CD44、CD90、CD105陽性、CD31、CD45陰性の表面抗原の発現を確認した。更に分化誘導実験で脂肪および骨への分化、コロニー形成試験で自己複製能を確認した。(図2〜4)
脂肪由来幹細胞シート組成物を24時間培養した培養液中からHGF、FGF2をELISA法で検出した(FGF:106.9pg/ml、HGF:1.38ng/ml)。
移植後7日目に摘出した吻合部の漿膜面に蛍光顕微鏡でPKH26GLがシート状に残存していることを確認、脂肪由来幹細胞シート組成物が吻合部漿膜面に生着していることが確認できた。(図5)
術後7日目の吻合部耐圧試験の結果は非移植群で211.3±25.4mmHg、脂肪由来幹細胞シート組成物移植群で276.0±29.6mmHgであり、脂肪由来幹細胞シート組成物移植群で有意に高い耐圧能を示した(n=4、p<0.05)。
術後7日目の縫合部周囲粘膜面の潰瘍面積の割合は非移植群で37.3±7.2%、移植群で19.8±13.4%であった(n=4、p<0.05)。(図6A及び図6B)
CD31免疫染色の結果、1視野あたりのCD31陽性細胞の割合は非移植群で0.95±0.33%、移植群で1.42±0.17%で脂肪由来幹細胞シート組成物移植群は非移植群に比べ有意に血管新生が促進していた(n=4、p<0.05)。(図7A〜C)
1型コラーゲンの発現は非移植群で0.64±0.32、移植群で1.10±0.40であった(n=4、p>0.05)。3型コラーゲンの発現は非移植群で0.45±0.08、移植群で0.69±0.21で脂肪由来幹細胞シート組成物移植群で有意に高い発現であった(n=4、p<0.05)。このことから、小腸縫合部創傷治癒遅延モデルにおいて脂肪由来幹細胞シート組成物の漿膜面への移植は縫合部の創傷治癒を促進することが示唆された。
Claims (6)
- 管腔臓器の創傷部からの漏出を治癒又は予防するための、前記管腔臓器の前記創傷部に貼付されることを特徴とする、間葉系幹細胞を含む細胞シート組成物であって、
前記管腔臓器が消化管である、細胞シート組成物。 - 前記間葉系幹細胞が、臍帯血、胎盤、骨髄、脂肪組織、滑膜、及び/又は、多能性幹細胞由来の間葉系幹細胞である、請求項1に記載の細胞シート組成物。
- 前記間葉系幹細胞が、脂肪由来幹細胞である、請求項1又は2に記載の細胞シート組成物。
- 前記創傷部が、縫合又は吻合された創傷部である、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の細胞シート組成物。
- 貼付される部位が、前記管腔臓器の外壁である、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の細胞シート組成物。
- 前記管腔臓器が、腸管である、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の細胞シート組成物。
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