JP6865587B2 - Ground condition prediction method - Google Patents

Description

The present invention also relates to the natural ground situation predict how.

In order to construct a tunnel safely and economically, it is important to understand the ground conditions around the tunnel. If the change in the ground condition in front of the face can be grasped at an early stage, it is possible to take safety measures in advance even if there is a risk of rock collapse or peeling, and adopt an excavation method according to the ground condition. It will be possible to install support and select and adopt auxiliary construction methods.
As a method of predicting the geological condition in front of the face, for example, in Patent Document 1, the face is appropriately photographed from the front with a fixed point camera, the geological pattern is analyzed by a plurality of captured images, and this geological pattern is used to predict the front of the face. A geological judgment system in front of the tunnel that predicts the geological condition is disclosed.

In the tunnel front geological determination system of Patent Document 1, since the fixed point camera is installed at the top of the tunnel so as not to interfere with the tunnel construction, it takes time and effort to install the camera. In addition, since it is necessary to qualitatively determine the three-dimensional geology by using the two-dimensional image data obtained by photographing the face, there is a possibility that individual differences may occur in the determination result. Therefore, by combining the image data of the face and the image data of the tunnel wall surface, a three-dimensional developed image may be created to predict the ground condition.

In order to judge the ground condition from the captured image, it is necessary to acquire an image with little distortion, so it is desirable to install the camera on the central axis of the tunnel. As a method of installing the camera on the central axis of the tunnel, Patent Document 2 describes a light beam irradiating portion that irradiates a light ray in the horizontal direction, a refracting portion that refracts the light ray in the perpendicular direction, and a refracting portion that is rotated around the horizontal axis. A method of mounting a camera at a desired position by using a light beam irradiation device including a drive unit for changing the irradiation direction is disclosed. In the installation method of Patent Document 2, light rays are irradiated in the horizontal direction, the vertical direction, and the circumferential direction of the tunnel, so that the light ray irradiating device is installed at a desired position on the central axis of the tunnel and then horizontally from the light beam irradiating device. The camera is installed on the central axis of the tunnel using the emitted light rays.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 04-120495 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 04-286912

Since it is necessary to install a camera near the face in order to photograph the tunnel wall surface in the uncut state before the support work is installed, the work should be done quickly to ensure the safety of the installation work. There is a need. However, in the installation method of Patent Document 2, since the light irradiation device and the camera need to be installed separately, the work takes time and effort.
From this point of view, the present invention is to rapidly align it possible to perform a and proposes a natural ground status prediction how that allows to safely acquire the image with little distortion in the working face near Is the subject.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the ground condition prediction method of the present invention utilizes the positioning work of arranging the underground photographing apparatus including the laser light irradiation means and the photographing means at a predetermined position and the photographing means. It includes a shooting work to shoot the tunnel wall surface, a photo processing work to create a developed photo using the shot image, and a prediction work to predict the ground condition in front of the face using the developed photo. is there. In the alignment operation, the laser beam is irradiated toward the peripheral wall surface of the tunnel by the laser beam irradiation means, and the laser beam irradiation means and the support frame supporting the imaging means are rotated around the vertical axis to cause the laser. The direction of the underground imaging device is corrected so that the light line is parallel to the existing support work, and the laser light line overlaps the boundary between the uncut portion and the front end edge of the support work. Correct the position of the imaging device.

According to such a ground condition prediction method, it is possible to quickly position the underground imaging device by using the laser beam. Safety will be improved if the underground imaging device can be installed near the face in a short time. Further, if the underground imaging device can be installed at a desired position, it is possible to capture a high-quality image, and by extension, it is possible to predict the ground condition with high accuracy. Since the positioning work can be easily performed by using the laser beam irradiated to the tunnel wall surface, it is also possible to perform the positioning work from a position away from the underground photographing apparatus by using a rod-shaped operating means or the like. In this way, the worker does not have to approach the face, so that the work can be performed safely.

In the ground condition prediction method, the distance from the photographing means to the tunnel wall surface is measured together with the photographing of the bare digging portion in the photographing work, and the image taken by using the measured value of the distance in the photo processing work. It is desirable to correct the distance distortion of.
According to this method of predicting the ground condition, the distance distortion is corrected by the positional relationship between the imaging means and the tunnel wall surface, so that even if the underground imaging device is not arranged on the central axis of the tunnel, the accuracy is higher. It is possible to predict the ground conditions.

According to rock mass status prediction how the present invention, it possible to perform rapid positioning and it is possible to safely obtain the image with little distortion in the working face near.

It is a figure which shows the outline of the underground photographing apparatus of embodiment of this invention, (a) is a side view, (b) is a plan view. It is a figure which shows the ground condition prediction method using the underground photographing apparatus, (a) is a plan view which shows the alignment work, (b) is a partially enlarged view of (a). It is a cross-sectional view which shows the image of the imaging work by the underground imaging device. It is an image diagram of the developed photograph.

In the present embodiment, in the construction of a mountain tunnel, a ground condition prediction method for predicting the ground condition in front of the face using an image of the tunnel wall surface in a bare-drilled state and an underground photographing device used for the prediction method will be described. As shown in FIG. 1, the underground photographing apparatus 1 of the present embodiment includes a trolley 2, a laser beam irradiating means 3, an operating means 4, a support pedestal 5, a photographing means 6, a range finder 7, and a lighting means 8.

The trolley 2 supports the underground photographing device 1. The carriage 2 can move along the rail 21 laid along the tunnel axial direction. That is, the underground photographing device 1 moves along the tunnel axial direction while being mounted on the carriage 2. The rail 21 is laid so that the tip is located near the face. The configuration of the carriage 2 is not limited. Further, the carriage 2 does not necessarily have to move along the rail 21. For example, it may run on the ground in a tunnel mine.

The laser light irradiating means 3 is a device that emits laser light in a visible region toward the tunnel wall surface, and is mounted on the carriage 2. The laser light irradiating means 3 irradiates a line laser beam (a line of laser light) toward the peripheral wall surface of the tunnel. The laser light irradiating means 3 moves along the tunnel axial direction as the carriage 2 moves. The laser light irradiating means 3 is rotatably attached to the carriage 2 about a vertical axis. The laser light irradiating means 3 (trolley 2) may be movable at least in the direction of the tunnel axis, and does not necessarily have to be rotatably attached. The laser light irradiating means 3 does not necessarily have to be mounted on the trolley 2, and for example, when the laser light irradiating means 3 has traveling means such as wheels, the trolley 2 may be omitted. Good.

An operating means 4 is connected to the laser light irradiating means 3. The operating means 4 of the present embodiment is composed of a rod-shaped member. One end of the operating means 4 is connected to the laser light irradiating means 3, and the other end of the operating means 4 is arranged behind the laser light irradiating means 3 (wellhead side). The configuration of the operating means 4 is not limited, and may be, for example, a wired or wireless control means for remotely controlling the underground photographing device 1. By operating (pushing and pulling) the operating means 4, the laser operating means 3 moves along the tunnel axial direction (rail 21) and rotates about the vertical axis. The operating means 4 may be attached to the trolley 2 so as to operate the movement and rotation of the trolley 2.

The laser light irradiating means 3 of the present embodiment is mounted on the trolley 2 via the support pedestal 5. That is, the support pedestal 5 can move along the rail 21 together with the trolley 2. The support pedestal 5 includes a pedestal main body 51, a servomotor 52, and a pedestal 53.
The gantry main body 51 is attached to the trolley 2 via a rotating body 54. That is, the gantry main body 51 can rotate about the vertical axis with respect to the trolley 2. A laser light irradiating means 3, a photographing means 6, a range finder 7, and an illuminating means 8 are mounted on the gantry main body 51. The laser light irradiating means 3 is fixed to the gantry main body 51. Further, a servomotor 52 is fixed to the gantry main body 51. The output shaft of the servomotor 52 rotatably supports the pedestal 53. In this embodiment, two pedestals 53 and 53 are arranged before and after the servomotor 52. The pedestal 53 on the face side is equipped with the photographing means 6 and the distance meter 7, and the pedestal 53 on the wellhead side is equipped with the lighting means 8. That is, when the servomotor 52 is driven, the pedestal 53 rotates about the horizontal axis, and the photographing means 6, the distance meter 7, and the lighting means 8 mounted on the pedestal 53 rotate on the horizontal axis (axis parallel to the tunnel axis). Rotate around. The configuration of the support pedestal 5 is not limited. For example, the driving means for rotating the pedestal 53 is not limited to the servomotor, and for example, a stepping motor may be used. Further, when the pedestal 53 is manually rotated, the servomotor (driving means) 52 may be omitted. Further, the number of pedestals 53 does not necessarily have to be plural, and may be only one.

The photographing means 6 is a camera arranged on the face side of the laser light irradiating means 3, and is supported by the support pedestal 5. The separation distance between the photographing means 6 and the laser light irradiating means 3 is not limited, but in the present embodiment, half of the installation interval of the steel support (when the pitch is 1 m for the steel support, it is about 50 cm). ). The photographing means 6 continuously photographs the tunnel wall surface as the support pedestal 5 rotates.

The range finder 7 measures the distance between the photographing means 6 and the tunnel wall surface. The range finder 7 is fixed to the side surface of the photographing means 6 and is configured to always face the same direction as the photographing means 6. The range finder 7 of the present embodiment is a so-called laser range finder, and calculates the distance from the photographing means 6 to the tunnel wall surface based on the time required to irradiate the tunnel wall surface with the laser light and receive the reflected laser light. .. The distance meter 7 is not limited to the laser range finder, and for example, an ultrasonic range finder may be used.

The lighting means 8 includes an incandescent light bulb, an LED lighting, a fluorescent lamp, and the like, and illuminates the inside of the tunnel. The lighting means 8 of the present embodiment is arranged between the laser light irradiating means 3 and the photographing means 6. The lighting means 8 is arranged so as to irradiate light in the same direction as the shooting direction of the shooting means 6, and rotates about the horizontal axis with the rotation of the shooting means 6. The location of the lighting means 8 is not limited, and may be arranged on the face side of the photographing means 6, for example. Further, the lighting means 8 may be arranged as needed or may be omitted.

Hereinafter, a method for predicting the ground condition using the underground imaging device 1 will be described. The ground condition prediction method of the present embodiment includes alignment work, shooting work, photo processing work, and prediction work.
In the alignment work, the underground photographing device 1 is arranged at a predetermined position. First, the rail 21 is laid in the tunnel mine. At this time, the tip of the rail 21 is positioned near the face. If the carriage 2 is provided with wheels that directly travel on the ground surface, it is not necessary to lay the rail 21. Next, by sliding the carriage 2 along the rail 21, the underground photographing device 1 is arranged in the vicinity of the face. The carriage 2 is moved by pushing and pulling the operating means 4. Next, the laser light irradiating means 3 irradiates the peripheral wall surface of the tunnel T with the laser light. Then, FIGS. 2 (a) and (b), the tunnel laser irradiation means so that a line L of the laser beam applied to the peripheral wall surface is parallel to the steel shoring T _S of the existing of T 3 Adjust the orientation of. The orientation of the laser light irradiating means 3 is adjusted by rotating the laser light irradiating means 3 around the vertical axis (rotating body 54) via the operating means 4. After adjusting the direction of the laser light irradiation means 3, the front-rear position of the underground photographing device 1 is adjusted. Adjustment of the longitudinal position, as in (so as to overlap) the line L of laser light is located at the boundary between the front edge of the dug portion and existing shoring (shotcrete or steel shoring T _S) downhole This is done by moving the photographing device 1 along the direction of the tunnel axis. After arranging the underground photographing device 1 at a predetermined position, the underground photographing device 1 is fixed.

After installing the underground photographing device 1 at a predetermined position, the photographing work is started. In the shooting work, the tunnel wall surface is photographed by using the photographing means 6. In the photographing work, the digging portion is photographed by the photographing means 6, and the distance from the photographing means 6 to the tunnel wall surface is measured by the distance meter 7. In the present embodiment, the servomotor 52 is driven to take continuous photographs while rotating the photographing means 6 as shown in FIG. The tunnel wall surface may be photographed by moving images. At the time of photographing by the photographing means 6, the illumination means 8 irradiates the image target portion (tunnel wall surface) with light. The captured image is sent to the computer and saved. In the shooting work, the face is also shot from the front along with the shooting of the tunnel wall surface. The captured image of the face is also saved in the computer. The method of saving the captured image is not limited, and for example, the image saved in the memory may be transferred to the computer.

In the photo processing work, a developed photograph is created using the captured image. The unfolded photo is created using a computer. First, the distance distortion of the captured image is corrected by using the measured value of the distance. That is, the distance distortion caused by the difference in the distance from the camera to the tunnel wall surface is corrected by using the measured value of the distance. Next, the images corrected for the distance distortion are stitched together. At this time, by combining the image of the tunnel wall surface with the image of the face, a three-dimensional developed photograph is created as shown in FIG.
Predicted work, as well as confirm the presence and continuity of cracking G _C by development photo, by checking the change of the formation (boundary between geological G ₁ and stratum G _2), to predict the natural ground status of the working face forward ..

According to the ground condition prediction method of the present embodiment, the underground imaging device 1 can be positioned safely and quickly. That is, since the orientation and position of the underground photographing device 1 are adjusted according to the positional relationship with the support work, the positioning of the underground photographing device 1 is easy. Further, since the position and orientation of the underground photographing device 1 are adjusted and the tunnel wall surface and the face are photographed from a distant position by using the operating means 4, the worker does not need to enter the face.
The positioning of the downhole imaging device 1, in order to perform by overlapping the line L of laser light irradiated to the tunnel wall surface at the tip edge of the existing shoring (shotcrete or steel shoring T _S), visual This can be done more easily. Therefore, the time required for the alignment work and the shooting work can be reduced, and the construction period can be shortened.

Further, by installing the underground imaging device 1 at a desired position, it is possible to capture a high-quality image, and by extension, it is possible to predict the ground condition with higher accuracy.
In addition, since the distance distortion is corrected by the positional relationship between the imaging means and the tunnel wall surface, the ground condition can be predicted with higher accuracy even when the underground imaging device 1 is not arranged on the central axis of the tunnel. Can be done.
Furthermore, by using a three-dimensional developed photograph, more accurate ground prediction becomes possible.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and each of the above-mentioned components can be appropriately modified without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
In the above embodiment, the case where the distance to the mine wall of the distance meter 7 is measured to correct the distance strain has been described. However, if the underground photographing device can be installed in the center of the tunnel, the range finder may be used. The distance measurement used may be omitted.
In the above embodiment, the case where the laser light irradiating means 3 (support pedestal 5) can rotate about the vertical axis has been described, but the laser light irradiating means 3 (support pedestal 5) does not necessarily rotate about the vertical axis. It doesn't have to be possible.

The control of the laser light irradiation means 3, the servomotor 52, the photographing means 6, the range finder 7, and the illumination 8 was separated from the wellhead side of the underground photographing device 1 by the control means connected to the underground photographing device 1 wirelessly or by wire. You can do it at the position. The operating means 4 may be used to control the underground photographing device 1.
The configuration of the laser light irradiating means 3 is not limited. For example, a rotating polygon mirror is used to irradiate the peripheral wall surface of the tunnel T with laser light, and the light trail of the laser light causes the laser beam to be applied to the peripheral wall surface of the tunnel. It may display a line.

In the above embodiment, the line L of laser light is adjusted orientation of the laser beam irradiation means 3 so as to be parallel to the steel shoring T _S of the existing orientation of the laser beam irradiation unit 3, a steel shoring it may be appropriately adjusted in accordance with the positional relationship between the T _S. For example, as the line L of the laser beam and a steel shoring T _S become substantially parallel to a guide steel shoring T _S, it may be adjusted orientation of the laser beam irradiation means 3. It is also possible to adjust the orientation of the laser beam irradiation means 3 as internal angle between the steel shoring T _S of the line L and the existing laser light becomes a predetermined angle.
In the above embodiment, the line L of laser light is downhole imaging device 1 to be located at the boundary between the edge of the dug portion and existing shoring (shotcrete or steel shoring T _S) Although the front-rear position has been adjusted, the front-rear position of the laser beam irradiating means 3 may be appropriately adjusted according to the positional relationship with the support work. For example, the front-rear position of the underground imaging device 1 may be adjusted so that the distance between the line L of the laser beam and the edge of the support is within a predetermined range.

1 Underground photography device 2 trolley 3 Laser light irradiation means 4 Operation means 5 Support stand 6 Shooting means 7 Distance meter L Laser light line T tunnel

Claims (2)

Alignment work for arranging an underground imaging device including laser light irradiation means and imaging means at a predetermined position, and
Shooting work to shoot the tunnel wall surface using the shooting means and
Photo processing work to create unfolded photos using captured images, and
It is a ground condition prediction method including a prediction work for predicting the ground condition in front of the face using the developed photograph.
In the alignment operation, the laser beam is irradiated toward the peripheral wall surface of the tunnel by the laser beam irradiation means, and the laser beam irradiation means and the support frame supporting the imaging means are rotated around the vertical axis to cause the laser. The direction of the underground imaging device is corrected so that the light line is parallel to the existing support work, and the laser light line overlaps the boundary between the uncut portion and the front end edge of the support work. A method for predicting ground conditions, which comprises correcting the position of a photographing device. In the shooting work, the distance from the shooting means to the tunnel wall surface is measured together with the shooting of the bare digging part.
The ground condition prediction method according to claim 1, wherein in the photo processing work, the distance distortion of the image taken by using the measured value of the distance is corrected.

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