JP6850387B1 - Machine Tools - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a machine tool having a simple structure capable of efficiently recovering coolant and cutting chips. SOLUTION: An enclosing member surrounding a processing space S for processing a work, an air supply unit 120 for supplying air to the processing space S, an exhaust unit 130 for exhausting air from the processing space S, and a processing space S. The main shaft 161 provided, the coolant supply unit 201 for supplying the coolant to the S in the processing space, and the fluid recovery unit 140h provided below the main shaft 161 are provided, and the surrounding member is (1) the air supply unit 120. The first guide surface 101s that generates a swirling flow in the processing space S by supplying air to the processing space S by the exhaust unit 130 and exhausting from the processing space S, and (2) the first guide surface due to the centrifugal force of the swirling flow. It is provided with a second guide surface 102s that guides the coolant adhering to the 101s to the fluid recovery unit 140h, and the intersection line between the first guide surface 101s and the horizontal plane forms a curved line or an arc that is convex toward the outside of the processing space S. Including machine tools. [Selection diagram] Fig. 3

Description

The present disclosure relates to machine tools.

Patent Document 1 includes a vortex generating means in which a processing chamber of a processing machine is covered with a dust scattering prevention cover (10), and compressed air is sent into the dust scattering prevention cover to generate a vortex (G). In the dust collector of the processing machine that collects dust in the processing chamber from the discharge port (32) provided on the wall surface (W4) of the anti-scattering cover, the anti-scattering cover (10) is used in the processing chamber. The wall surface (W1, W2, W3, W4) forming a rectangular shape in a plan view is provided, and the vortex generating means includes a plurality of compressed air blowing portions (11 to 14) provided inside the shatterproof cover. Each of these blowout portions (11 to 14) is arranged at the corner portion of the shatterproof cover, includes one that blows compressed air in the extending direction of the shatterproof cover wall surface, and among the plurality of blowout portions. A part (13) of the above is provided so that the blowing direction (C) is not parallel to the shatterproof cover wall surface (W3) and faces the inside of the shatterproof cover at a predetermined angle. It teaches the dust collector of the processing machine, which is a feature.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2010-82759

In Patent Document 1, when a vortex is generated inside the space surrounded by the shatterproof cover by the compressed air sent into the space surrounded by the shatterproof cover, the dust such as dust generated in the processing chamber is prevented from scattering. It is stated that it is difficult for the dust to stay in a part of the space surrounded by the anti-scattering cover because it is caught in the vortex in the space surrounded by the cover, and the dust removal residue can be reduced. In addition, the blowout part is arranged at the corner of the space surrounded by the anti-scattering cover so that the compressed air is blown out in the extending direction of the wall surface of the anti-scattering cover, so that the air is surrounded by the anti-scattering cover. It is stated that a vortex can be generated in the space. Further, with respect to the flow of the compressed air blown out in the extending direction of the shatterproof cover wall surface, the compressed air that goes toward the inside of the shatterproof cover at an angle with the shatterproof cover wall surface without following the shatterproof cover wall surface. It is stated that a flow is generated, and as a result, the vortex is pushed into the outlet, which enables more efficient dust collection.

However, a large amount of frictional heat is generated when the workpiece is machined with a cutting tool. In general, a machine tool has a function of cooling a cutting tool by using a coolant (cutting fluid). In the case of Patent Document 1, since the blowout portion of the compressed air is arranged at the corner portion in the space surrounded by the anti-scattering cover, the arrangement requires a considerable cost, and the cutting waste of the work together with the coolant is required. A large amount of water adheres to the blowout portion, which increases the time and effort required for maintenance of the device.

One aspect of the present disclosure includes an enclosing member that surrounds a machining space for machining a work, an air supply section that supplies air to the machining space, an exhaust section that exhausts air from the machining space, and the machining space. A spindle provided, a coolant supply unit for supplying coolant into the processing space, and a fluid recovery unit provided below the spindle are provided, and the surrounding member includes (1) the air supply unit and the air supply unit. A first guide surface that generates a swirling flow in the processing space by supplying air to the processing space by the exhaust unit and exhausting from the processing space, and (2) the first guide surface due to the centrifugal force of the swirling flow. A second guide surface that guides the coolant adhering to the recovery portion to the recovery portion, and the intersection line between the first guide surface and the horizontal plane includes a curved line or an arc that is convex toward the outside of the processing space. , Regarding machine tools.

According to the present disclosure, it is possible to provide a machine tool having a simple structure capable of efficiently collecting cutting chips together with coolant.

It is a top view which shows typically the structure of the example of the machine tool which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the shape A surrounded by the line of intersection of the 1st guide surface of the machine tool and a horizontal plane. It is a schematic arrow view of the machine tool on line II-II. It is a schematic side view of the machine tool.

The machine tool according to the present embodiment is provided in the machining space with a surrounding member surrounding the machining space for machining the workpiece, an air supply section for supplying air to the machining space, and an exhaust section for exhausting air from the machining space. It is provided with a provided spindle, a coolant supply section for supplying coolant into the machining space, and a fluid recovery section provided below the spindle.

The surrounding member is also called a splash guard, and prevents coolant, cutting chips, etc. from scattering outside the machining space. The surrounding member usually has a peripheral side wall and a ceiling wall that surround the processing space. The enclosing member may include a door that moves relative to the enclosing member itself. The door switches the opening between an open state and a closed state by, for example, sliding along an opening formed in the surrounding member. A setup station for preparing a pallet on which the workpiece is mounted may be provided in the vicinity of a specific door. When the door is open, the worker can access the processing space, and when the door is closed, the work is processed. The pallets may be replaced by an automatic pallet changing device (APC).

The spindle constitutes at least a part of the machined portion. The machining section refers to a main part of a machine tool provided in a machining space. The machining unit includes, for example, a work table for fixing the work, a spindle mounted on the column, a cutting tool (bite) fixed to the spindle, and a work table. The work may be fixed to an ikele or the like placed on a pallet. Alternatively, the machining section may include a headstock for fixing the workpiece and a tool post for fixing the cutting tool for machining the workpiece.

The machine tool is, for example, a lathe, a vertical or horizontal machining center, a multi-tasking machine having a turning function using a fixed tool and a milling function using a rotary tool, and an X-axis, a Y-axis, and a Z-axis. Examples include, but are not limited to, a 5-axis machine tool controlled by two or more swivel axes, an Adaptive Machining (AM) machine capable of metal addition processing, and the like.

At least a part of the surrounding member, the air supply part, the exhaust part, the coolant supply part and the fluid recovery part work together to form a cooling system for cooling the machined part. A cooling system is a system that cools workpieces and cutting tools. For example, the coolant supply unit has a nozzle for injecting a large amount of liquid coolant toward the workpiece and the cutting tool. The coolant injected into the workpiece and cutting tool is recovered from the exhaust section and the fluid recovery section, separated from the cutting chips, and then reused.

The surrounding members are (1) a first guide surface that creates a swirling flow in the machining space by supplying air to the machining space by the air supply and exhaust sections and exhausting from the machining space, and (2) centrifugal force of the swirling flow. It is provided with a second guide surface that guides the coolant adhering to the first guide surface to the recovery unit. Here, the line of intersection between the first guide surface and the horizontal plane includes a curved line or an arc that is convex toward the outside of the processing space.

For example, when the machining space is viewed from the vertical direction, first guide surfaces, which are curved surfaces that are convex toward the outside of the machining space, are provided at the four corners of the machining space. Alternatively, when the processing space is viewed from the vertical direction, the entire processing space may have a shape such as a circle or an ellipse. In such a machining space, a swirling flow having a swirl center near the center of the machining space can be easily generated. The coolant mist and cutting chips caught in the swirling flow collide with the peripheral side wall due to centrifugal force, and the coolant mist aggregates and the cutting chips fall due to gravity. The agglomerated coolant is guided to the recovery part by gravity and the second guide surface together with the dropped cutting chips. The air from which the coolant and cutting chips have been removed forms an updraft due to the swirling flow, and is discharged out of the processing space from, for example, an exhaust portion provided on the ceiling wall.

The first guide surface usually constitutes a part of the peripheral side wall of the surrounding member. Typically, the overall shape of the peripheral side wall of the surrounding member when viewed from the vertical direction may be formed into a cylindrical shape or a shape close thereto. The surrounding member may have a multi-layer structure. For example, at least a part of the peripheral side wall may be composed of an outer wall and an inner wall formed separately from the outer wall and arranged inside the outer wall. In this case, the shape of the machining space is regulated so that the inner wall has the first guide surface and the shape of the machining space when viewed from the vertical direction approaches a cylindrical shape.

The second guide surface may have a slope that is provided adjacent to the lower end portion of the first guide surface and that is inclined downward toward the fluid recovery portion. As a result, it is possible to form a space having a shape close to a cone whose lower portion in the vertical direction is narrowed in the processing space. In a space with a shape close to a cone, a large centrifugal force is generated because the radius of gyration gradually decreases. Further, the coolant, cutting chips, etc. adhering to the surrounding member can be easily moved downward in the vertical direction by gravity along the second guide surface, and the efficiency of collecting the coolant and cutting chips by the collecting unit can be improved.

The surrounding member may include, for example, a protector that covers the periphery of the spindle, a pair of side walls that intersect and face each other, a facing wall that faces the protector, and a ceiling wall. In this case, the protector, the pair of side walls, and the facing wall form the peripheral side wall. At this time, it is desirable that the exhaust portion is provided on the ceiling wall in that the coolant recovery efficiency can be improved. Further, it is desirable from the same viewpoint that the air supply unit is provided on at least one of the pair of side walls. As already described, at least one of the protector, the pair of side walls and the facing wall may have a multi-layer structure. Above all, the pair of side walls can be easily formed into a multi-layer structure by using an inner wall in design.

In a preferred embodiment, at least a pair of side walls have a curved surface that is part of at least one of a first guide surface and a second guide surface. At this time, the side wall may have a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure. In the case of a multi-layer structure, for example, the side wall may have a curved surface having an outer wall and an inner wall, and only the inner wall is a part of at least one of the first guide surface and / or the second guide surface. When such an inner wall is provided, a curved surface that becomes a part of the first guide surface and / or the second guide surface can be provided on the side wall only by adding the inner wall to the splash guard of the machine tool similar to the conventional one.

The exhaust unit includes, for example, an exhaust fan that sends air out of the processing space. Further, the air supply unit includes, for example, an air supply fan that sends air into the processing space. The type of fan is not particularly limited. The air recovered from the exhaust section contains coolant mist and fine cutting chips. When an exhaust fan and an air supply fan are provided in each of the exhaust section and the air supply section, the machining space is first-class ventilated, so that the coolant mist and cutting chips in the machining space can be collected more efficiently. Will be. The air recovered from the exhaust unit may be introduced into a cleaning device, for example, and the coolant and cutting chips may be filtered by the cleaning device. This produces clean air. The generated clean air may be discharged to the outside or circulated to the air supply unit.

Even the air purified by the cleaning device contains a small amount of coolant mist and cutting chips, so it is desirable to circulate it in the machine tool system rather than opening it to the outside. That is, it is desirable that the air exhausted from the exhaust section is introduced into the air supply section to circulate the air. When a cleaning device is provided between the exhaust unit and the air supply unit, a commercially available mist collector or the like can be used as the cleaning device.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the machine tool according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the description of each embodiment, terms indicating directions (for example, "up / down", "left / right", and "X-axis, Y-axis, Z-axis", etc.) are appropriately used, but these terms are for explanation purposes only. The present invention is not limited thereto. Further, in each drawing, the shape or size of each component of the machine tool is not necessarily represented by the same scale ratio. Further, in each drawing, the same components are shown by using the same reference numerals.

FIG. 1A is a top view schematically showing the structure of an example of a machine tool according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1B is a diagram showing a shape A surrounded by a line of intersection between a first guide surface and a horizontal plane of the processing space of the machine tool. FIG. 2 is a schematic arrow view of the machine tool on lines II-II. FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of the machine tool. The machine tool 100 is, for example, a horizontal machining center capable of multi-face machining of a work W as a workpiece by controlling at least the X-axis, the Y-axis, and the Z-axis.

The machine tool 100 includes a surrounding member 110 that surrounds a machining space S for machining a work, an air supply section 120 that supplies air to the machining space S, an exhaust section 130 that exhausts air from the machining space S, and a machining space S. It includes a spindle 161 provided inside, a coolant supply unit 201 that supplies the coolant CL into the processing space S, and a fluid recovery unit 140h provided below the spindle 161. A tool 162 is detachably attached to the spindle 161. The tool 162 is selected so that it can perform arbitrary processing such as cutting, drilling, and polishing. In the illustrated example, the coolant supply unit 201 has, but is not limited to, the form of a nozzle for injecting coolant toward the work W and the cutting tool 162. Other examples include a form in which coolant is injected from the tip of the tool through the inside of the spindle, and a form in which coolant is injected from the ceiling to wash away cutting chips in the machining space.

The machine tool 100 is not particularly limited, but generally includes a bed 140 arranged vertically below the processing space S, and is installed on a floor of a factory or the like via the bed 140. The machining section of the machine tool 100 includes a column 150 extending from the bed 140 in the Z direction, a spindle head 160 extending from the column 150 in the X direction, and a spindle 161 fixed to the spindle head 160.

The work W is fixed on a table 170 provided in the processing space S together with the pallet 180 on which the work W is placed. The work W may be fixed to the Iker 183 as shown in FIG. The work W can be automatically introduced into the processing space S from the setup station 300 adjacent to the processing space S by the APC arm 310.

The table 170 can be moved in the Z direction by the first linear guide 175 and the ball screw 177. The column 150 that supports the spindle head 160 is covered and protected by the protector 113 together with the second linear guide 151 that moves the spindle head 160 in the Y direction. The column 150 can be moved in the X direction on the bed 140 by the third linear guide 152.

The surrounding member 110 has a peripheral side wall and a ceiling wall 116 that surround the processing space. The peripheral side wall has a protector 113 that covers the periphery of the spindle head 160, a pair of side walls 111 that intersect the protector 113, and an opposing wall 112 that faces the protector 113. The pair of side walls 111 has a multi-layer structure, and is composed of an outer wall 111a and a cover member 111b which is an inner wall separate from the outer wall 111a. The inner surface of the cover member 111b is the first guide surface 101s, and the shape of the processing space is regulated so that the shape of the processing space when viewed from the vertical direction approaches a cylindrical shape. The first guide surface 101s has curved surfaces 101r located at the four corners of the processing space S, and the line of intersection of the curved surface 101r with the horizontal plane is a curved line or an arc shape that is convex toward the outside. Further, the lower end portion of the cover member 111b extends diagonally downward toward the center side of the processing space, and constitutes the second guide surface 102s. That is, the second guide surface 102s is provided adjacent to the lower end portion of the first guide surface 101s. As a result, the processing space S has a shape close to a conical or quadrangular pyramid whose lower portion in the vertical direction is narrowed. FIG. 1B shows the shape A surrounded by the line of intersection between the first guide surface 101s and the horizontal plane.

The air supply unit 120 has an opening provided on one of the pair of side walls 111, and the exhaust unit 130 has an opening provided at a substantially central portion of the ceiling wall 116. The air supply unit 120 may include an air supply fan that sends air into the processing space, and the exhaust unit 130 may include an exhaust fan that sends air out of the processing space. For example, when the air supply unit 120 is not provided with the air supply fan and the exhaust fan is provided only in the exhaust unit 130, the inside of the processing space S can be made a negative pressure, and the coolant mist is discharged from the processing space S. It is preferable because it does not leak easily. On the other hand, when the air supply fan is provided in the air supply unit 120 and the exhaust fan is provided in the exhaust unit 130, more reliable air supply and exhaust control can be achieved by the first-class ventilation.

When the maximum width (or maximum diameter) of the opening of the air supply unit 120 is L, the minimum radius of curvature of the first guide surface (here, the curved surface 101r) is, for example, equal to or greater than L, and specifically. May be 100 mm or more, and may be 150 mm or more. By providing the first guide surface that forms such an arc, a swirling flow is likely to occur in the machining space. When air flows from the air supply unit 120 into the processing space S, the air flow is generally generated within the size of the opening of the air supply unit 120. Since such an air flow is gently bent by the first guide surface having a radius of curvature equal to or larger than the opening of the air supply unit 120, a swirling flow is likely to occur.

Since the flow direction of the supplied air is guided along the peripheral side wall by the first guide surface 101s (particularly the curved surface 101r), the turbulence of the airflow that hinders the swirling flow is unlikely to occur. When a swirling flow is generated in the processing space S, the coolant CL mist and cutting chips Ch caught in the swirling flow collide with the peripheral side wall due to centrifugal force, the coolant CL mist aggregates, and the cutting chips fall due to gravity. To do. The agglomerated coolant CL is guided to the fluid recovery unit 140h by gravity and the second guide surface 102s together with the dropped cutting chips Ch.

The second guide surface 102s of the cover member 111b extends diagonally downward toward the fluid recovery unit 140h, and its lower end thereof and the upper end portion of the second protector 115 extending diagonally downward toward the fluid recovery unit 140h. It is piled up. The second protector 115 protects the first linear guide 175, the ball screw 177, and the like for moving the table 170, and constitutes a part of the second guide surface 102s. The fluid recovery unit 140h has an opening passage surrounded by the second guide surface 102s. The processing space S communicates with the coolant tank 200 for storing the coolant by the opening passage. The coolant CL that has reached the first guide surface 101s to the second guide surface 102s flows into the coolant tank 200 from the opening passage.

The coolant CL stored in the coolant tank 200 is sucked up by the pump P and supplied to the coolant supply unit 201. The coolant tank 200 includes a first chip conveyor 210 in which the transport belt moves in the horizontal direction and a second chip conveyor 220 in which the conveyor belt moves diagonally upward. The second chip conveyor 220 is a tunnel-shaped housing 231. It is covered. A part of the cutting chips Ch collected from the fluid recovery unit 140h is separated in the coolant tank 200 by using the first chip conveyor 210. The cutting chips Ch separated by the first chip conveyor 210 are conveyed to the discharge section 232 by the second chip conveyor 220, fall from the opening provided below the discharge section 232, and are collected in the chip bucket 240.

Since the air exhausted from the exhaust unit 130 contains a small amount of coolant mist, it may be purified by guiding it to a purification device such as a commercially available mist collector (not shown). Further, the air purified by the purification device may be introduced into the air supply unit to circulate the air. Alternatively, the air exhausted from the exhaust unit 130 may be directly introduced into the air supply unit 120 without using the purification device.

The description of the embodiments described above is exemplary in all respects and is not restrictive. Modifications and changes can be made as appropriate for those skilled in the art. The scope of the present invention is shown not by the above-described embodiment but by the scope of claims. Further, the scope of the present invention includes modifications from the embodiment within the scope of the claims and within the scope of the claims.

The present invention may provide a machine tool useful for recovering cutting chips together with coolant and reusing the coolant.

100: Machine tool, 101s: 1st guide surface, 101r: Curved surface, 102s: 2nd guide surface, 110: Enclosing member, 111: Side wall, 111a: Outer wall, 111b: Cover member, 112: Opposing wall, 113: Protector, 115: 2nd protector, 116: Ceiling wall, 120: Air supply part, 130: Exhaust part, 140: Bed, 140h: Fluid recovery part, 150: Column, 151: 2nd linear guide, 152: 3rd linear guide , 160: spindle head, 161: spindle, 162: tool, 170: table, 175: first linear guide, 177: ball screw, 180: pallet, 183: ikele, 200: coolant tank, 201: coolant supply unit, 210 : 1st chip conveyor, 220: 2nd chip conveyor, 231: housing, 232: discharge part, 240: chip bucket, 300: setup station, 310: APC arm, CL: coolant, Ch: cutting chips, W: work , S: Processing space, P: Pump

Claims (7)

The surrounding member that surrounds the processing space for processing the work,
An air supply unit that supplies air to the processing space and
An exhaust unit that exhausts air from the processing space and
The spindle provided in the processing space and
A coolant supply unit that supplies coolant into the processing space,
A fluid recovery unit provided below the spindle is provided.
The surrounding member
(1) A first guide surface that causes a swirling flow in the processing space by supplying air to the processing space by the air supply unit and the exhaust unit and exhausting air from the processing space.
(2) A second guide surface that guides the coolant adhering to the first guide surface to the recovery unit by the centrifugal force of the swirling flow is provided.
A machine tool in which the line of intersection between the first guide surface and the horizontal plane includes a curved line or an arc that is convex toward the outside of the processing space. The machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the second guide surface is provided adjacent to a lower end portion of the first guide surface and has a slope that inclines downward toward the fluid recovery unit. The surrounding member includes a protector that covers the periphery of the spindle, a pair of side walls that intersect the protector and face each other, an opposing wall that faces the protector, and a ceiling wall.
The exhaust unit is provided on the ceiling wall.
The machine tool according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the air supply unit is provided on at least one of the side walls. The machine tool according to claim 3, wherein the pair of side walls has a curved surface that is a part of at least one of the first guide surface and the second guide surface. The machine tool according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the exhaust unit includes an exhaust fan for sending air from the processing space. The machine tool according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the air supply unit includes an air supply fan that sends air into the processing space. The machine tool according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the air exhausted from the exhaust unit is introduced into the air supply unit to circulate the air.

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