JP6829440B2 - 腎機能の低下の可能性を判定するための方法およびキット - Google Patents
腎機能の低下の可能性を判定するための方法およびキット Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明の一実施形態に係る腎機能の低下の可能性を判定するための判定方法(以下「判定方法」とも表記する)は、被験体から採取したサンプル中における、Galβ1−3GalNAcのレベルを決定する工程(以下「Galβ1−3GalNAcレベル決定工程」とも表記する)および/またはSiaα2−6Gal/GalNAcのレベルを決定する工程(以下「Siaα2−6Gal/GalNAcレベル決定工程」とも表記する)を含む。上記本発明の一実施形態に係る判定方法によれば、上記サンプル中におけるGalβ1−3GalNAcおよび/またはSiaα2−6Gal/GalNAcのレベルに基づいて、腎機能の低下の可能性を判定することができる。
本発明の一実施形態に係る判定方法は、Galβ1−3GalNAcレベル決定工程および/またはSiaα2−6Gal/GalNAcレベル決定を含む。以下、それぞれについて説明する。
Galβ1−3GalNAcレベル決定工程における測定対象であるGalβ1−3GalNAc(「Core O-glycan」とも称される)は、腎組織などの生体組織において、様々な物質(例えば、タンパク質、脂質など)に結合して存在している糖鎖である。Galβ1−3GalNAcは、切断されて様々な物質から遊離し、被験体から採取されたサンプル中に存在することもある。
Siaα2−6Gal/GalNAcレベル決定工程における測定対象であるSiaα2−6Gal/GalNAcは、Galβ1−3GalNAcと同様に、腎組織などの生体組織において、様々な物質(例えば、タンパク質、脂質など)に結合して存在している糖鎖である。Siaα2−6Gal/GalNAcもまた、切断されて様々な物質から遊離し、被験体から採取されたサンプル中に存在することもある。本発明者らは、腎疾患が将来的に悪化する患者では、上記サンプル中のSiaα2−6Gal/GalNAcの量が多いことをもまた見出し、本発明を完成させるに至った。
本発明の一実施形態に係る判定方法は、上記Galβ1−3GalNAcレベル決定工程および/またはSiaα2−6Gal/GalNAcレベル決定工程の他に、被験体から採取したサンプル中における、その他の糖鎖レベルを決定する工程を含んでよい。具体的には、本発明の一実施形態に係るデータの取得方法は、α−GalNAc、GalαまたはGal1α1−3Galのレベルを決定する工程(以下、それぞれ「α−GalNAc決定工程」、「Galαレベル決定工程」、「Gal1α1−3Gal」とも表記する)を含んでもよい。これらの工程は、1つのみを含んでもよいし、2つまたは3つを含んでもよい。上述の工程の説明については、Galβ1−3GalNAcレベル決定工程の説明を援用することができる。
本明細書において、「被験体」とは、ヒトに限定されない。本発明の一実施形態に係る判定方法は、非ヒト哺乳動物に対しても適用することができる。上記非ヒト哺乳動物としては、偶蹄類(ウシ、イノシシ、ブタ、ヒツジ、ヤギなど)、奇蹄類(ウマなど)、齧歯類(マウス、ラット、ハムスター、リスなど)、ウサギ目(ウサギなど)、食肉類(イヌ、ネコ、フェレットなど)などが挙げられる。上述した非ヒト哺乳動物には、家畜またはコンパニオンアニマル(愛玩動物)に加えて、野生動物も包含される。
本明細書において、「サンプル」とは、被験体から採取されるもの全般を意図し、特に限定されない。上記サンプルには、血液、脳脊髄液、リンパ液、母乳、唾液、鼻汁、汗、尿、便、呼気などに加えて、病理標本由来の組織可溶化物、生組織可溶化物、細胞可溶化物なども包含される。
本発明の一実施形態に係る判定は、腎機能の低下を予測するためのデータの取得方法ともいえる。
1.通常ならば維持されている腎機能が、低下している。
2.通常ならば低下する腎機能が、通常予想されるよりも大きく低下している。
3.通常ならば向上する腎機能が、通常予想されるよりも小さく向上している、または維持されているもしくは低下している。
本発明のその他の実施形態としては、被験体から採取したサンプル中における、MPA、ACA、ABA、Jacalin、SSAおよびSNA、VVA、GSL_I_B4およびEELからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つのレクチンに結合する糖鎖のレベルを決定する工程を含む、判定方法が挙げられる。この態様の説明は、[1−1]〜[1−5]の説明が適宜援用される。
[2−1.キットが備えているレクチン]
本発明の一実施形態に係るキットは、被験体から採取したサンプル中に含まれるGalβ1−3GalNAcおよび/またはSiaα2−6Gal/GalNAcに結合するレクチンを備えている。このようなレクチンとしては、[1−1]にて例示したレクチンが挙げられる。よって本項ではその説明を省略する。
1.MPA、ACA、ABA、およびJacalinからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つ以上(例えば、1つ、2つ、3つまたは4つ)のレクチンの組み合わせ。
2.MPA、ACA、ABA、Jacalin、SSAおよびSNAからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つ以上(例えば、1つ、2つ、3つ、4つ、5つまたは6つ)のレクチンの組み合わせ。
3.MPA、ACA、ABA、Jacalin、SSA、SNA、VVA、GSL_I_B4およびEELからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つ以上(例えば、1つ、2つ、3つ、4つ、5つ、6つ、7つ、8つまたは9つ)のレクチンの組み合わせ。
上記のレクチンは、任意の基材に固定されている形態であってもよい。一例を挙げると、上記レクチンは、マイクロアレイ、ELISAプレート、ラテックスビーズ、磁気ビーズ等の基材上に固定されている形態であってもよい。
本調査の対象となる患者は、岡山県内の8病院(岡山大学病院、国立岡山医療センター、岡山済生会病院、倉敷中央病院、心臓病センター榊原病院、津山中央病院、岡山赤十字病院、岡山市民病院)から選択した。本調査に対する同意を得られた2型糖尿病患者のうち、2012〜2015年までの、継時的な腎機能のデータが得られた554例を解析対象とした。
レクチンアレイ(GlycoStation(登録商標。以下同様)およびLecChip(登録商標。以下同様)、グライコテクニカ社製)を用い、下記のプロトコールに従って、45種類のレクチンに結合する尿中糖鎖のシグナル強度を数値化した。解析に際しては、複数名の尿サンプルを同時に解析した。
露光時間:299ミリ秒、カメラゲイン:95。
2011年度(2011年4月1日〜2012年3月31日)において、血液検査および尿検査を施行した時点を、基準日に定めた。
糖鎖シグナルと腎機能の低下との関係に関する解析は、以下の2種類の変数に対して行われた。
1.eGFRの低下速度(連続変数)
2.高度eGFR低下者または非eGFR低下者へのカテゴリー分け(二値変数)。
[結果1:患者背景]
対象患者全数、高度eGFR低下者および非eGFR低下者の、基準日における患者背景を、表11に示す。
表12および図2に、eGFRの低下速度と糖鎖シグナルの強度との関連を、単回帰分析および重回帰分析により検討した結果を示す。
表13および図3に、(高度eGFR低下者/非eGFR低下者)の値と糖鎖シグナルの強度との関連を、単変量ロジスティック回帰分析および多変量ロジスティック回帰分析により検討した結果を示す。
上記の結果を踏まえ、高度eGFR低下者を予測する上で有用な因子として、MPA結合糖鎖、ACA結合糖鎖、ABA結合糖鎖、Jacalin結合糖鎖、SSA結合糖鎖、SNA結合糖鎖、VVA結合糖鎖、GSL_I_B4結合糖鎖およびEEL結合糖鎖に注目した。そこで、上記糖鎖のシグナル強度を4分位に分類し、解析2と同様のロジスティック回帰分析を行った。結果を表14〜16に示す。
上記に見出されたレクチン結合糖鎖による高度eGFR低下者の予測能を、既存のバイオマーカーのみからなる基本モデルに加えることによって、相乗効果の観点から評価した。結果を表17、18に示す。
Claims (5)
- 腎機能の低下の可能性を判定するための方法であって、
被験体からサンプルを採取したときからの所定期間後における前記被験体の腎機能の低下の有無を判定するために、
前記サンプル中における
Galβ1−3GalNAc、および/または、Siaα2−6Gal/GalNAcのレベルを決定する工程と、
α−GalNAc、GalαおよびGalα1−3Galからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種類のレベルを決定する工程と
を含む、方法。 - 前記Galβ1−3GalNAc、および/または、Siaα2−6Gal/GalNAcのレベルを決定する工程は、MPA、ACA、ABA、Jacalin、SSAおよびSNAからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つのレクチンに結合する糖鎖のレベルを決定する工程を含み、
前記α−GalNAc、GalαおよびGalα1−3Galからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種類のレベルを決定する工程は、VVA、GSL_I_B4およびEELからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つのレクチンに結合する糖鎖のレベルを決定する工程を含む
請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記被験体は、糖尿病、高血圧、脂質異常症、肥満症および脂肪肝からなる群より選択される1種類以上の疾患に罹患している被験体である、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- Galβ1−3GalNAc、および/または、Siaα2−6Gal/GalNAcに結合するレクチンと、
α−GalNAc、GalαおよびGalα1−3Galからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種類の糖鎖に結合するレクチンと
を備えていて、
サンプルが採取された被験体の前記サンプル採取時からの所定期間後における前記被験体の腎機能の低下の可能性を判定するためのキット。 - 前記Galβ1−3GalNAc、および/または、Siaα2−6Gal/GalNAcに結合するレクチンは、MPA、ACA、ABA、Jacalin、SSAおよびSNAからなる群より選択される少なくとも1つのレクチンであり、
前記α−GalNAc、GalαおよびGalα1−3Galからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種類の糖鎖に結合するレクチンは、VVA、GSL_I_B4およびEELからなる群より選択されるレクチンである
請求項4記載のキット。
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