JP6823555B2 - プラズマ分光分析方法 - Google Patents
プラズマ分光分析方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6823555B2 JP6823555B2 JP2017131942A JP2017131942A JP6823555B2 JP 6823555 B2 JP6823555 B2 JP 6823555B2 JP 2017131942 A JP2017131942 A JP 2017131942A JP 2017131942 A JP2017131942 A JP 2017131942A JP 6823555 B2 JP6823555 B2 JP 6823555B2
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/66—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light electrically excited, e.g. electroluminescence
- G01N21/67—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light electrically excited, e.g. electroluminescence using electric arcs or discharges
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/71—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light thermally excited
- G01N21/73—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light thermally excited using plasma burners or torches
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
- G01J3/443—Emission spectrometry
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/66—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light electrically excited, e.g. electroluminescence
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/66—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light electrically excited, e.g. electroluminescence
- G01N21/69—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light electrically excited, e.g. electroluminescence specially adapted for fluids, e.g. molten metal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Description
前記検体を測定容器に導入するとともに、該測定容器中に設置される一対の電極への電圧印加により、少なくとも一方の電極の近傍に前記検体中の前記分析対象金属種及び前記対照用金属種を濃縮する濃縮工程と、
前記濃縮工程後、前記一対の電極への電圧印加によりプラズマを発生させ、該プラズマにより生じた前記分析対象金属種及び前記対照用金属種の発光を検出する検出工程と、
前記検出工程で得られた発光スペクトルから、前記分析対象金属種に対応する波長である分析波長における正味の発光量である分析発光量を、前記対照用金属種に対応する波長である対照波長における正味の発光量である対照発光量で補正した補正値を算出する補正工程と、
前記補正値を、あらかじめ既知の濃度の分析対象金属種の測定で得られた検量線と比較して前記検体中の該分析対象金属種を定量する定量工程と、
を含んでなる。
水銀及び鉛のプラズマ分光分析による発光量の測定は、前記測定容器を用いて、以下の通りに行った。
印加電流:20mA
パルス周期:4秒
Duty(パルス比):50%
印加時間:600秒
印加電圧:500V
パルス周期:50μ秒
Duty:50%
印加時間:2.5m秒
水銀の参照測定は、加熱気化水銀分析装置(MA−3000、日本インスツルメンツ)を用いて行った。すなわち、前記プラズマ分光分析で用いたのと同じ尿検体50μLに蒸留水150μLを添加し、さらに、1%L−システイン溶液を40μL添加したものを、顆粒状活性炭1粒とともに、上記装置の測定用ボートに加え、上記装置にて測定を行い、Hg参照測定値(xH)を得た。
Hg分析発光量(h0)、Hg補正値(276)(h1)及びHg補正値(351)(h2)については、複数通りの既知濃度の塩化水銀水溶液の測定によって、同じ水溶液で前記参照測定を行って得られたHg参照測定値(xH)との対応による近似曲線を求め、これをそれぞれの検量線とした。また、Pb分析発光量(p0)、Pb補正値(276)(p1)及びPb補正値(351)(p2)については、複数通りの既知濃度の硝酸鉛水溶液の測定によって、同じ水溶液で前記参照測定を行って得られたPb参照測定値(xP)との対応による近似曲線を求め、これをそれぞれの検量線とした。近似曲線はHg参照測定値(x H )又はPb参照測定値(x P )をxとし、これに対応するHg分析発光量(h0)、Hg補正値(276)(h1)若しくはHg補正値(351)(h2)又はPb分析発光量(p0)、Pb補正値(276)(p1)若しくはPb補正値(351)(p2)をyとして、下記式1の二次多項式として導出した。
各検体の測定で得られる前記h0、h1及びh2並びにp0、p1及びp2は上記式(1)でいう「y」の値に相当するため、上記式(1)を変形した下記式(2)によって「x」としての濃度換算値(すなわち、「H0」、「H1」若しくは「H2」又は「P0」、「P1」若しくは「P2」)を求めた。
なお、対照用金属種としてのタリウムの実際の発光スペクトルは、図5(A)に示す通りである。本図中の矢印で示した3箇所の対照波長における特異的ピークが、対照発光量として使用可能であり、それらを拡大したものが図5(B)〜(D)である。すなわち、図5(B)に示す特異的ピークの対照波長は276nm付近にあり、この対照波長における特異的ピークは前述した、水銀の測定に適した対照発光量(276)(t1)の算出の基礎となるものである。また、図5(C)に示す特異的ピークの対照波長は351nm付近にあり、この対照波長における特異的ピークは前述した、鉛の測定に適した対照発光量(351)(t2)の算出の基礎となるものである。なお、図5(D)に示す特異的ピークの対照波長は378nm付近にあり、これは他の分析対象金属種についての対照発光量の算出の基礎として使用可能と考えられる。
11 透光部
20 プラズマ発生電極
21 接液部分
22 絶縁体
30 プラズマ不発生電極
40 受光部
50 電圧印加手段
60 検体
61 液面
Claims (5)
- 検体に、分析対象金属種とは異なる対照用金属種を既知濃度となるように添加する準備工程と、
前記検体を測定容器に導入するとともに、該測定容器中に設置される一対の電極への電圧印加により、少なくとも一方の電極の近傍に前記検体中の前記分析対象金属種及び前記対照用金属種を濃縮する濃縮工程と、
前記濃縮工程後、前記一対の電極への電圧印加によりプラズマを発生させ、該プラズマにより生じた前記分析対象金属種及び前記対照用金属種の発光を検出する検出工程と、
前記検出工程で得られた発光スペクトルから、前記分析対象金属種に対応する波長である分析波長における正味の発光量である分析発光量を、前記対照用金属種に対応する波長である対照波長における正味の発光量である対照発光量で補正した補正値を算出する補正工程と、
前記補正値を、あらかじめ既知の濃度の分析対象金属種の測定で得られた検量線と比較して前記検体中の該分析対象金属種を定量する定量工程と、
を含み、
前記分析対象金属種は水銀又は鉛であり、
前記対照用金属種は、亜鉛、カドミウム、銀、金、タリウム及びインジウムからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つであり、
前記分析対象金属種の分析波長における正味の発光量は、当該分析波長において前記分析対象金属種の存在にのみ起因する発光量であって、当該分析波長における見かけの発光量としてのピーク発光量を、当該分析対象金属種のプラズマ発光とは無関係な発光量としてのベース発光量で補正した発光量であり、
前記対照用金属種の対照波長における正味の発光量は、当該対照波長において前記対照用金属種の存在にのみ起因する発光量であって、当該対照波長における見かけの発光量としてのピーク発光量を、当該対照用金属種のプラズマ発光とは無関係な発光量としてのベース発光量で補正した発光量であることを特徴とするプラズマ分光分析方法。 - 前記補正工程における補正は、前記分析発光量を前記対照発光量で除した値を前記補正値とすることであることを特徴とする請求項1記載のプラズマ分光分析方法。
- 前記分析対象金属種及び前記対照用金属種は、前記検体中でイオンの状態で存在し得るものであることを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載のプラズマ分光分析方法。
- 前記検体は、尿であることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項3までのいずれか1項に記載のプラズマ分光分析方法。
- 前記分析対象金属種の分析波長における正味の発光量E 1 は、分析波長におけるピーク発光量P 1 、前記分析波長におけるピーク発光量P 1 に対応するベース発光量B 1 とした場合、
E 1 =(P 1 −B 1 )/B 1 =P 1 /B 1 −1、又は
E 1 =P 1 −B 1 、又は
E 1 =P 1 /B 1
と定義されるとともに、前記対照用金属種の対照波長における正味の発光量E 2 は、対照波長におけるピーク発光量P 2 、前記対照波長におけるピーク発光量P 2 に対応するベース発光量B 2 とした場合、
E 2 =(P 2 −B 2 )/B 2 =P 2 /B 2 −1、又は
E 2 =P 2 −B 2 、又は
E 2 =P 2 /B 2
と定義されることを特徴とする請求項4記載のプラズマ分光分析方法。
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