JP6820559B2 - Greening system, transpiration system and their construction method - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a greening system, a transpiration system, and a method of constructing them, which are installed on a ballast on which at least one of gravel and crushed stone is deposited.

Conventionally, various greening systems have been proposed as a method for dealing with global warming and the urban heat island phenomenon.

For example, as in Patent Document 1, a track greening unit has a track greening mat that is laid on a railroad track bed and used to grow plants on the track bed for the purpose of preventing the temperature of the railroad track bed from rising. Has been done. This track greening unit includes a substantially dish-shaped container having a bottom plate that can be accommodated between the left and right rails, a side wall that rises from the peripheral edge of the bottom plate, and an track greening mat housed in the container, and has irregularities. The bottom of the container made of a soft resin sheet is placed on a large ballast.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2011-2546767

However, the bottom of the container formed of the soft resin sheet of Patent Document 1 has an action of absorbing the unevenness of the ballast to some extent, but the action is not sufficient. Therefore, the ballast is installed before the container is installed. The surface must be smoothed or the flat surface must be smoothed by adding earth and sand. When earth and sand are thrown in, it is very troublesome because the earth and sand must be removed once during the route maintenance work. Further, since it is a soft resin sheet, there is a problem that drainage is poor even if a drainage hole is provided. Moreover, since the soft resin sheet and the ballast are not caught and easily slipped, there is also a problem that slip prevention measures such as fitting between sleepers must be taken.

The present invention has been made in view of this point, and an object of the present invention is that the greening system can be easily installed without putting earth and sand on the ballast to smooth the flat surface and is hard to shift. To make things.

In order to achieve the above object, in the present invention, a mat-like three-dimensional net-like structure is provided in which the side in contact with the uneven ballast is roughened and the side in contact with the flat water-retaining member is dense.

Specifically, the first invention presupposes a greening system installed on a ballast on which at least one of gravel and crushed stone is deposited.
The above greening system
Cushion material spread on the surface of the ballast,
The water-retaining member spread on the cushion material and
The plants spread on the water-retaining member and
At least the water-retaining member and the frame member surrounding the plant are provided.
The cushion material is composed of a mat-like three-dimensional three-dimensional network structure formed so that the density on the ballast side is coarse and the density on the water-retaining member side is high.

That is, when the greening system is installed on an uneven ballast, in order to install a water-retaining member for holding plants, it is necessary to spread earth and sand before placing the system. However, according to the above configuration, unevenness such as crushed stone of the ballast can be absorbed on the coarse ballast side of the three-dimensional three-dimensional network structure. For this reason, it is not necessary to smooth the troublesome surface with earth and sand, and maintenance is easy because the cushioning material only needs to be removed at the time of maintenance. In addition, since crushed stone or the like enters the coarse-density side, the three-dimensional three-dimensional network structure is caught and becomes non-slip. Furthermore, the three-dimensional three-dimensional network structure has high water permeability, does not collect water, and allows air to pass through, so that root rot of plants can be prevented, and it is lightweight and weather resistant, so that it is easy to handle. ..

In the second invention, in the first invention,
The three-dimensional three-dimensional network structure has a rectangular cross section in which a plurality of linear loops made of a thermoplastic resin are heat-bonded to each other.

According to the above configuration, a three-dimensional stereoscopic network structure having a required density distribution and cross section can be easily formed by extruding a flexible thermoplastic resin linearly from a large number of holes and curling the contacts and thermally adhering the contacts. ..

In the third invention, in the first or second invention,
In the three-dimensional three-dimensional network structure, a large number of linear loops on the water-retaining member side are heat-bonded to each other and are substantially flat, and on the ballast side, a smaller number of linear loops than the water-retaining member side are attached to each other. It is heat-bonded and has irregularities, and is softer than the water-retaining member side.

According to the above configuration, on the water-retaining member side of the three-dimensional three-dimensional network structure, a flat surface is maintained by heat-bonding a large number of linear loops to each other, so that the water-retaining member can be easily installed. is there. On the ballast side, fewer linear loops are heat-bonded, so the gap is large and softer than on the water-retaining member side, and crushed stones and the like can easily enter the linear loop, which effectively reduces unevenness. It absorbs and the linear loop is caught by crushed stones and is less likely to slip sideways.

In the fourth invention, in any one of the first to third inventions,
The frame member is composed of a rectangular frame having a width and a height that can be placed between the rails on the ballast.

According to the above configuration, by partitioning the range of the plant with a rectangular frame member, it becomes easy to install the plant on the ballast in a limited range between the rails. As a result, the orbital greening is easily performed.

In the fifth invention, in any one of the first to fourth inventions,
The water-retaining member is a water-retaining panel.

According to the above configuration, the water-retaining member serves as a water-retaining panel to maintain an appropriate wet state, and the three-dimensional three-dimensional network structure has high water permeability and allows air to easily pass through, thereby preventing root rot of plants. However, it can retain an appropriate amount of water.

The sixth invention presupposes a method of constructing a greening system installed on a ballast on which at least one of gravel and crushed stone is deposited.
The construction method of the above greening system is
The process of installing the frame member on the ballast and
A step of placing a cushion material made of a mat-like three-dimensional three-dimensional network structure formed so that the density on the ballast side is coarse and the density on the water-retaining member side is high on the frame member.
The process of placing the water-retaining member on the cushion material and
The configuration includes a step of placing a plant on the water-retaining member.

According to the above configuration, when the three-dimensional three-dimensional network structure is placed on the ballast, crushed stone or the like appropriately enters the ballast side having a coarse density to absorb the unevenness and prevent lateral displacement. On the other hand, since the water-retaining member side having a high density is flat, the subsequent construction of the water-retaining member is easy and the plant is stably held.

In the seventh invention, in the sixth invention,
In the step of placing the cushion material, the crushed stone of the ballast enters into the gap of the linear loop on the ballast side of the three-dimensional three-dimensional network structure.

According to the above configuration, since crushed stone or the like enters the ballast side of the three-dimensional three-dimensional network structure and is caught in the linear loop, lateral displacement due to vehicle vibration or the like is effectively suppressed.

In the eighth invention, in the sixth or seventh invention,
A non-slip sheet is sandwiched between the cushion material and the water-retaining member.

According to the above configuration, the stability of the water-retaining member is increased by sandwiching the non-slip sheet.

In the ninth invention, in any one of the sixth to eighth inventions,
The frame member is installed on the ballast so as to straddle the sleepers.

According to the above configuration, since the frame member can be placed so as to straddle the sleepers, it is not necessary to place the frame member in a narrow area between the sleepers as in Patent Document 1, and the frame member installation work can be performed. It is easy and the overall weight is large, so it is unlikely to shift laterally due to vehicle vibration or the like.

In the tenth invention, in any one of the sixth to ninth inventions,
A planting area where plants are placed on the water-retaining member,
A transpiration area where the water-retaining member is exposed without placing a plant is provided.

According to the above configuration, in the transpiration area where plants are not provided, the water-retaining member is exposed without plants, and the transpiration or evaporation effect is used as a countermeasure against heat island, for example. In the planting area where the plants are placed, not only the transpiration or evaporation effect but also the beauty of appearance can be enjoyed.

The eleventh invention presupposes a transpiration system installed on a ballast on which at least one of gravel and crushed stone is deposited.
The above transpiration system
Cushion material spread on the surface of the ballast,
The water-retaining member spread on the cushion material and
A frame member that surrounds the water-retaining member is provided.
The cushion material is composed of a mat-like three-dimensional three-dimensional network structure formed so that the density on the ballast side is coarse and the density on the water-retaining member side is high.

That is, when the transpiration system is installed on an uneven ballast, in order to install a water-retaining member having a water-retaining effect, it is necessary to spread earth and sand before placing the system. However, according to the above configuration, unevenness such as crushed stone of the ballast can be absorbed on the coarse ballast side of the three-dimensional three-dimensional network structure. For this reason, it is not necessary to smooth the troublesome surface with earth and sand, and maintenance is easy because the cushioning material only needs to be removed at the time of maintenance. In addition, since crushed stone or the like enters the coarse-density side, the three-dimensional three-dimensional network structure is caught and becomes non-slip. Further, the three-dimensional three-dimensional network structure has high water permeability, does not collect water, has good air passage, and is lightweight and weather resistant, so that it is easy to handle.

The twelfth invention presupposes a method of constructing a transpiration system installed on a ballast on which at least one of gravel and crushed stone is deposited.
The construction method of the above evaporation system is
The process of installing the frame member on the ballast and
A step of placing a cushion material made of a mat-like three-dimensional three-dimensional network structure formed so that the density on the ballast side is coarse and the density on the water-retaining member side is high on the frame member.
The configuration includes a step of placing the water-retaining member on the cushion material.

According to the above configuration, when the three-dimensional three-dimensional network structure is placed on the ballast, crushed stone or the like appropriately enters the ballast side having a coarse density to absorb the unevenness and prevent lateral displacement. On the other hand, since the water-retaining member side having a high density is flat, the subsequent construction of the water-retaining member is easy and the plant is stably held.

As described above, according to the present invention, the crushed stone enters the coarse ballast side of the three-dimensional three-dimensional network structure, and the dense water-retaining member side appropriately holds the water-retaining member. , The greening system can be easily installed and hard to shift without putting earth and sand on the ballast to smooth the flat surface.

It is sectional drawing which shows the greening system which concerns on embodiment of this invention partially enlarged. It is a perspective view which shows the process of putting the nonwoven fabric sheet on the cushion material in the construction method of the greening system which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a front view which shows the cushion material in a state where a load is not applied.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 2 shows a greening system 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention, and the greening system 1 is installed on, for example, a ballast 2 constituting a track bed of a tram. In the ballast 2, at least one of gravel and crushed stone is deposited to a predetermined thickness, and in the present embodiment, the upper surface of the ballast 2 is maintained so as to be substantially the same height as the upper surface of the sleepers 3. .. As shown in FIG. 1, the rail 4 is fixed to the sleepers 3 by fasteners 3a, and the sleepers 3 are usually the highest at the rail 4 portion, and the center between the rails is about 2 to 3 cm. It's getting low.

In the greening system 1 of the present embodiment, the cushion material 11 is spread on the surface of the ballast 2 including the slightly lowered region between the rails 4. As shown in FIG. 2, the cushion material 11 is arranged inside the frame member 10 arranged so as to straddle the sleepers 3. As shown in FIG. 3, the cushion material 11 has a mat-like three-dimensional three-dimensional network structure formed so that the density of the ballast side 11a is coarse and the density of the water-retaining member side 11b is dense under no load. It consists of a body. This three-dimensional three-dimensional network structure has a rectangular cross section in which a plurality of linear loops made of a thermoplastic resin as a main raw material are heat-bonded to each other. In the three-dimensional three-dimensional network structure, a large number of linear loops on the water-retaining member side 11b are thermally bonded to each other and are substantially flat, and on the ballast side 11a, a smaller number of linear loops than the water-retaining member side 11b are attached to each other. It is heat-bonded and has irregularities and is soft. In the cushion material 11, for example, linear loops having an outer diameter of 0.6 to 2.0 mm made of a flexible thermoplastic resin such as polyethylene or ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer resin are heat-bonded to each other, and for example, the width is 500 mm and the length is 500 mm. It consists of a rectangular mat with a thickness of 1000 mm and a thickness of 30 mm. For example, the ballast side 11a has a thickness of about 25 mm and a bulk specific gravity of 0.034 g / cm ³ , and the water-retaining member side 11b has a thickness of about 5 mm and a bulk specific gravity of 0.168 g / cm ³ . The density, thickness, width, length, etc. may be appropriately changed depending on the conditions such as the applied load and size. The cushion material 11 linearly extrudes the molten flexible thermoplastic resin from a large number of holes, curls it, and welds the contacts to form a three-dimensional network structure, and cuts the cushion material 11 into an appropriate size. By changing the type of resin, it is possible to change the hardness and strength.

The frame member 10 is composed of a rectangular frame having a width and a height that can be placed between the rails 4. For example, the frame member 10 is formed by welding a 50 mm × 75 mm chevron rope into a rectangular frame shape having a width of 1000 mm and a length of 3000 mm, and is a cross member made of flat steel or the like for reinforcement (not shown). ) Are arranged at appropriate intervals. The size and configuration of the frame member 10 are not limited to this, and may be appropriately changed according to the installation location.

Then, as shown in FIG. 2, a non-woven fabric sheet 12 as a non-slip sheet is placed on the water-retaining member side 11b of the cushion material 11. The non-slip sheet is not limited to the non-woven fabric sheet 12, and the material thickness is not particularly limited as long as it has a non-slip effect and water permeability.

As shown in FIG. 1, a water-retaining panel 13 as a water-retaining member is placed on the cushion material 11 via a non-woven fabric sheet 12. The stability of the water-retaining panel 13 increases when it is placed on the bottom of at least a part of the chevron rope constituting the frame member 10. As the water-retaining panel 13, for example, a rectangular plate-shaped ceramic panel having a thickness of about 30 mm is used, but the present invention is not limited to this. Ceramic panels are non-combustible and are inorganic materials, so there is no concern about deterioration or deterioration. After use, they can be crushed into small pieces and returned to the soil, which is advantageous in that they are recyclable eco-materials. For example, if it has a porous structure in which continuous fine pores are tightly packed, it has excellent water absorption and water retention, and plants can be grown only with rainwater. The water-retaining member may be a box-shaped ceramic member having a side wall instead of a plate-like member, or may be composed of another plantable member having water retention and appropriate shape retention.

Plants 14 are spread on the water-retaining panel 13. As the plant 14, for example, a succulent plant Sedum species that is resistant to drought is used, but the plant 14 is not limited to this. Soil 14a or the like may be added as appropriate when the plant 14 is installed.

Since the water-retaining panel 13 and the plant 14 are surrounded by the frame member 10 in this way, the plant 14 does not spread out of the frame member 10, and the rail 4 can be easily maintained. Further, if the plant 14 and the soil 14a are removed together with the water-retaining panel 13, the conservation work is extremely easy.

Next, the construction method of the greening system according to this embodiment will be described.

First, the ballast 2 between the rails 4 at the construction site is appropriately leveled so that the height is aligned with the height of the sleepers 3.

Next, the frame member 10 is installed on the ballast 2 so as to straddle the sleepers 3.

Next, a cushion material 11 made of a mat-like three-dimensional three-dimensional net-like structure formed so that the density of the ballast side 11a is coarse and the density of the water-retaining member side 11b is high is placed on the frame member 10.

In the process of placing the cushion material 11, the crushed stone of the ballast 2 enters the gap of the linear loop on the ballast side 11a of the cushion material 11.

Next, as shown in FIG. 2, a non-woven fabric sheet 12 as a non-slip sheet is placed on the cushion material 11. Since the contact surface of the cushion material 11 is flattened, it becomes a little slippery, but the non-slip effect can be obtained by sandwiching the non-woven fabric sheet 12, so that the stability of the water-retaining panel 13 is increased.

Next, as shown in FIG. 1, the water-retaining panel 13 is placed on the non-woven fabric sheet 12.

Next, the plant 14 is placed on the water retention panel 13. At this time, the soil 14a may be appropriately added on the water-retaining panel 13.

As described above, conventionally, when the greening system 1 is installed on the uneven ballast 2, in order to install the water-retaining panel 13 for holding the plant 14, it is placed after laying earth and sand. I needed it. However, in the present embodiment, the coarse ballast side 11a of the three-dimensional three-dimensional network structure can absorb unevenness such as crushed stone of the ballast 2. Therefore, it is not necessary to smooth the troublesome surface with earth and sand. Moreover, since no earth and sand are provided, it is not necessary to remove the earth and sand at the time of maintenance work, and it is sufficient to remove the earth and sand in units, which makes the maintenance work extremely easy. In addition, the three-dimensional three-dimensional network structure has high water permeability, does not collect water, and allows air to pass through, so that root rot of the plant 14 can be prevented.

Further, when the cushion material 11 is placed on the ballast 2, crushed stone or the like appropriately enters the ballast side 11a having a coarse density to absorb unevenness and prevent lateral displacement. Since the water-retaining member side 11b having a high density is flat, the non-woven fabric sheet 12 and the water-retaining panel 13 can be easily applied thereafter, and the plant 14 is stably held.

In the present embodiment, the water-retaining member side 11b of the cushion material 11 is easily maintained on a flat surface by thermally adhering a large number of linear loops to each other. Since fewer linear loops are heat-bonded to the ballast side 11a, the gap is large and crushed stones and the like can easily enter the linear loop, which effectively absorbs unevenness and is linear. The loop is caught and it becomes difficult to shift sideways.

In the present embodiment, the water-retaining member is a water-retaining panel 13 such as a ceramic panel, so that the three-dimensional three-dimensional network structure has high water permeability and air can easily pass through while retaining appropriate moisture. It is possible to retain an appropriate amount of water while preventing root rot of the plant 14.

In the greening system 1 of the present embodiment, since the frame member 10 can be placed so as to straddle the sleepers 3, it is not necessary to place the frame member 10 in a narrow area between the sleepers 3 as in Patent Document 1, and the frame member 10 is installed. Is easy. Further, by partitioning the range of the plant 14 with the frame member 10, it becomes easy to install it on the ballast 2 between the rails. As a result, the orbital greening is easily performed.

Therefore, according to the greening system according to the present embodiment, the greening system 1 can be easily installed and hardly displaced without putting earth and sand or the like on the ballast 2 to smooth the flat surface.

(Other embodiments)
The present invention may have the following configuration with respect to the above embodiment.

That is, in the above embodiment, all the frame members 10 have a planting area on which the plant 14 is placed, but in an area where some plants 14 cannot be planted, a water-retaining panel is provided without the plant 14. It may be a transpiration area that exposes 13. In this evaporation area, the water retention panel 13 may be colored to improve the appearance. In this case, since the water-retaining panel 13 appropriately retains water even if the plant 14 is not provided, the transpiration or evaporation effect is exhibited. Further, the plant 14 may be provided or removed depending on the situation, and the evaporation or evaporation effect of the water-retaining panel 13 is utilized as the evaporation area without providing the plant 14 in all the areas from the beginning. Heat island measures may be taken.

Further, although the track greening unit has been described in the above embodiment, the present application is not limited to the track floor, and may be provided on a vacant lot, a gravel parking lot, a rooftop, an indoor ballast, or the like. In that case, the size such as the height and width of the frame member 10 is not particularly limited, and may be a size suitable for the construction site. Further, the frame member 10, the cushion material 11, and the like are not limited to a rectangular shape in a plan view, and may be a triangle, a circle, or the like according to the construction location. As the ballast 2 of the track bed of the ballast track as in the above embodiment, crushed stone having a size of about 15 to 70 mm is used, but the present invention can also be used in a region containing smaller gravel.

Further, in the above embodiment, an example of the cushion material is shown, but the material, density, size, etc. of the cushion material may be changed according to the size of the crushed stone of the ballast, the load applied to the cushion material, and the like.

Further, in the above embodiment, the non-woven fabric sheet 12 as a non-slip sheet is provided between the cushion material 11 and the water-retaining panel 13, but by appropriately selecting the materials for the cushion material 11 and the water-retaining panel 13. , The non-slip sheet can be omitted by making it hard to slip with each other or by providing other non-slip means.

In the above embodiment, the frame member 10 is made of angle steel, flat steel, or the like, but may be simply made of a frame surrounded by concrete blocks.

It should be noted that the above embodiments are essentially preferable examples, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, its applications and applications.

1 Greening system
2 ballast
3 sleepers
3a Fastener
4 rails
10 Frame member
11 Cushion material
11a Ballast side
11b Water retention member side
12 Non-woven fabric sheet (non-slip sheet)
13 Water retention panel (water retention member)
14 plants

Claims (12)

In a greening system installed on ballast where at least one of gravel and crushed stone is deposited
Cushion material spread on the surface of the ballast,
The water-retaining member spread on the cushion material and
The plants spread on the water-retaining member and
At least the water-retaining member and the frame member surrounding the plant are provided.
The cushioning material is a greening system comprising a mat-like three-dimensional three-dimensional network structure formed so that the density on the ballast side is coarse and the density on the water-retaining member side is high. In the greening system according to claim 1,
The three-dimensional three-dimensional network structure is a greening system characterized by having a rectangular cross section in which a plurality of linear loops made of a thermoplastic resin as a main raw material are heat-bonded to each other. In the greening system according to claim 1 or 2.
In the three-dimensional three-dimensional network structure, a large number of linear loops on the water-retaining member side are heat-bonded to each other and are substantially flat, and on the ballast side, a smaller number of linear loops than the water-retaining member side are attached to each other. A greening system characterized by being heat-bonded and having irregularities and being softer than the water-retaining member side. In the greening system according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
Sleepers are lined up on the upper surface of the ballast, and a pair of rails are fixed to the sleepers.
The greening system is characterized in that the frame member is composed of a rectangular frame having a width and a height that can be placed between a pair of rails on the ballast. In the greening system according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
The water-retaining member is a greening system characterized by being a rectangular plate-shaped water-retaining panel. In the construction method of the greening system installed on the ballast where at least one of gravel and crushed stone is deposited
The process of installing the frame member on the ballast and
A step of placing a cushion material made of a mat-like three-dimensional three-dimensional network structure formed so that the density on the ballast side is coarse and the density on the water-retaining member side is high on the frame member.
The process of placing the water-retaining member on the cushion material and
A method for constructing a greening system, which comprises a step of placing a plant on the water-retaining member. In the construction method of the greening system according to claim 6.
A method for constructing a greening system, characterized in that crushed stones of the ballast enter into the gaps of linear loops on the ballast side of the three-dimensional three-dimensional network structure in the step of placing the cushion material. In the method of constructing the greening system according to claim 6 or 7.
A method for constructing a greening system, which comprises sandwiching a non-slip sheet between the cushion material and the water-retaining member. In the construction method of the greening system according to any one of claims 6 to 8.
Sleepers are lined up on the upper surface of the ballast.
A method of constructing a greening system, which comprises installing a frame member on a ballast so as to straddle the sleepers. In the construction method of the greening system according to any one of claims 6 to 9.
A planting area where plants are placed on the water-retaining member,
A method of constructing a greening system, which comprises providing a transpiration area where water-retaining members are exposed without placing plants. In a transpiration system installed on a ballast on which at least one of gravel and crushed stone is deposited
Cushion material spread on the surface of the ballast,
The water-retaining member spread on the cushion material and
A frame member that surrounds the water-retaining member is provided.
The cushioning material is a transpiration system comprising a mat-like three-dimensional three-dimensional network structure formed so that the density on the ballast side is coarse and the density on the water-retaining member side is high. In the construction method of the transpiration system installed on the ballast where at least one of gravel and crushed stone is deposited.
The process of installing the frame member on the ballast and
A step of placing a cushion material made of a mat-like three-dimensional three-dimensional network structure formed so that the density on the ballast side is coarse and the density on the water-retaining member side is high on the frame member.
A method for constructing a evaporation system, which comprises a step of placing a water-retaining member on the cushion material.

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