JP6817617B2 - Waterproof construction method using gas intake ventilation sheet and waterproof lower layer structure - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a waterproofing method for avoiding obstacles to the waterproof layer due to a gas such as water vapor generated from concrete. More specifically, the present invention has a structure in which a waterproof layer is previously formed on a covering tape material, a gas intake ventilation sheet, or the like. It relates to a waterproof construction method in which a "body" is laid to shorten the construction period and gas such as water vapor can be suitably released into the atmosphere.

For waterproofing the roof of a building, asphalt waterproofing method, EPDM, butyl rubber and other rubber laying methods, PVC sheet, TPO sheet and other waterproof sheet laying sheet waterproofing method, on-site urethane coating, FRP coating A waterproofing method for coating a film, an EVA coating film, an acrylic coating film, a polymer cement coating film, or the like is used (Patent Documents 1 to 3).

Of these, the asphalt waterproofing method is applied to newly built buildings because it is difficult to remove, and there are problems with weight, odor, fire, etc., but it is not often applied to repairs and renovations.

In addition, in the coating film waterproofing method, since there is no seam, the waterproof layer is integrated over the entire surface of the waterproofed object such as the roof; it can handle complicated shapes; it is suitable for partial repair; it is recoated from the top of the old waterproof layer. It can be repaired; although it has advantages such as; it requires skill to apply the waterproof material for coating film uniformly, and it is difficult to apply it while controlling the thickness of the waterproof layer uniformly and accurately; It is inferior in workability in a large area because it is obligatory; These disadvantages have also become a major problem in terms of the lack of skilled workers in the Japanese labor market in recent years.

In addition, the sheet waterproofing method makes it easy to make the thickness of the waterproof layer uniform, and when the surface area of the rooftop is large or rectangular, it is extremely excellent in workability and depends on the skill level of the craftsman. There are advantages such as relatively few parts.
However, depending on the method of joining the seams (interval portions) between the sheets, there are problems in waterproof performance, appearance, foreign matter entering the seams, and the like, and there are also problems in adhesion to the underlying surface. In addition, the following "method of releasing gas such as water vapor from the underlying concrete to the outside air" was also limited to the PVC sheet floating and pasting method (manual method).

Patent Document 4 describes "a method of releasing gas such as water vapor from the underlying concrete" using the sheet waterproofing method. That is, by providing the base material layer of the waterproof lower layer structure with lateral air permeability to a gas such as water vapor, the gas is released to prevent the occurrence of swelling and the like, and the following "coating film waterproofing method" It is said that "the same effect as when using a ventilation buffer sheet" can be obtained, but there is no known sheet waterproofing method in which sufficient measures against gases such as water vapor from the underlying concrete are taken.

Hereinafter, regarding the problem of gas such as water vapor generated from the base concrete, the "coating film waterproofing method using a ventilation buffer sheet" which is currently widely used (patent documents exist) will be described.

The base concrete laid on the roof of a building is exposed to severe temperature changes of about 60 ° C in summer and about -20 ° C in winter. Therefore, when the temperature rises, a large amount of gas such as water vapor contained in the concrete is released from the concrete to the outside.
Therefore, as a waterproofing method for the base concrete at the time of repair, a method of laying a ventilation buffer sheet on the surface of the base and applying a coating film waterproofing material on the ventilation buffer sheet to form a waterproof layer is generally used. ..
Since the coating film waterproof material usually has neither cushioning property nor breathability, the ventilation buffer sheet has a function of buffering external force applied by walking of a person or stress caused by shrinkage / expansion of concrete. At the same time, it has a function to ventilate gas such as water vapor from concrete in the horizontal direction.

Due to the need to apply a coating film waterproof material over the ventilation buffer sheet to form a waterproof layer, a non-breathable "(ventilation buffer sheet) base material" is used on the upper surface of the ventilation buffer sheet. ..
Therefore, the gas released from the concrete cannot pass through the ventilation buffer sheet or the waterproof layer and be released into the atmosphere from the upper surface thereof. Therefore, the ventilation buffer sheet usually contains a gas. A ventilation layer mainly made of a non-woven fabric or the like is provided under the base material in order to allow the gas to escape in the lateral direction (for example, Patent Document 5).
Further, since the ventilation buffer sheet has an adhesive layer on the lowermost surface to be adhered to the concrete base and the adhesive layer is not breathable, the adhesive layer is formed only on a part of the lower surface instead of the entire lower surface. Also known are ventilation buffer sheets in which a space between a portion where an adhesive layer is not formed and a base is secured as a gas ventilation path (for example, Patent Documents 6 and 7).

However, even though the gas such as water vapor released from the concrete passes through the ventilation layer or the ventilation path provided in the ventilation buffer sheet, the rooftop or the like is extremely wide compared to the film thickness of the ventilation buffer sheet. The gas did not escape quickly and sometimes clogged on the way. In that case, the pressure of the gas becomes extremely high locally, and local uplift (swelling) occurs not only in the ventilation buffer sheet but also in the coating film waterproof layer on it.

Therefore, in order to prevent the above-mentioned floating (swelling), it is obligatory to install de-cylinders in places on the coating film waterproof layer so that the gas can be discharged into the atmosphere. Dehydration cylinder has a height of several tens of ^cm, one to 50m ² ~100m 2 (2 pieces to 1 not to 100 m ²⁾ is installed.
However, the degassing capacity differs greatly depending on whether one is provided in a 10 m square (10 m x 10 m) square or one in a 2 m x 50 m rectangle, and the de-cylinder is provided as specified above. Even so, local lifting (swelling) occurred depending on the location where the de-cylinder was installed.
Further, for the purpose of removing cylinders, a plurality of de-cylinders are usually provided in the middle of the rooftop or the like, which hinders walking and impairs the appearance in terms of location.

On the other hand, since the base concrete laid on the roof or the like is exposed to a drastic temperature change, the holding concrete or the like is provided with joints for absorbing the expansion and contraction caused by the temperature change.
Since the coefficient of linear expansion of concrete is about 1.2 × ^10-5 [K ^-1 ], the temperature difference (80 ° C.) causes the concrete to expand and contract by about 1 mm with respect to a length of 1 m. That is, due to the expansion and contraction of the presser concrete, the width of the joints provided on the presser concrete at a pitch of, for example, 3 m repeats expansion and contraction of ± 3 mm in the summer and winter.

When waterproofing concrete for rooftops, etc., joints cause deterioration of waterproof performance. Therefore, the inside of the joint is usually filled with a joint material that acts as a cushion against the expansion of the concrete. Etc. are performed.
Further, it is also known to use a covering tape such as an aluminum metal plate joint cover in order to cover the joint and ensure waterproofness, especially at the time of renovation of a rooftop or the like (for example, Patent Document 8).

If a local lift (swelling) occurs on the base of the rooftop, especially in the summer, the waterproof layer may be torn and the waterproof function may be impaired, and the appearance and walking may be affected. De-cylinder to prevent it not only affects the appearance and walking, but also has a safety problem because there are multiple vertically long protrusions in the middle of the roof.
Therefore, it has been desired to develop a waterproofing method that is sufficiently adapted to degass the water vapor released from concrete and has excellent functionality (waterproofness, adhesion to the base, etc.) and appearance.

The demand for waterproof performance of rooftops and walls of buildings is increasing more and more, and the stock of buildings is increasing, and the frequency of repairs and repairs of rooftops, etc. is increasing. As mentioned above, all the construction methods have disadvantages, and an excellent waterproof construction method has been desired.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 60-605858 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2009-215732 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2009-221693 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2013-019231 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2011-057807 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2004-036324 JP-A-2010-248757 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2009-215732

The present invention has been made in view of the above background technology, and the problem is that it is a sheet waterproofing method in which the number of days required for construction is significantly shortened as compared with a coating film waterproofing method, etc. It is an excellent waterproofing method that can cope with obstacles caused by water vapor released from the underlying concrete. Another object of the present invention is to provide a member used in the waterproofing method, all waterproof layers obtained by the waterproofing method, and a method for repairing a waterproofing layer using the waterproofing method.

As a result of diligent studies to solve the above problems, the present inventor has determined that the waterproof layer of the waterproof lower layer structure having a specific structure in the present invention is "prevention of through pinholes required by the coating film waterproofing method". Since it corresponds to the lower layer of "two-layer coating film for", the construction period can be shortened significantly, but in addition, by using the waterproofing method of the present invention, it is released from the above-mentioned base concrete even though it is a sheet waterproofing method. It has been found that obstacles caused by water vapor and the like can be suitably solved.

That is, the upper part of the joint was covered with a covering tape without completely blocking the joint with the joint material and blocking the gas flow (however, the use (non-removal) of the joint material is not excluded). Later, at the upper part of the joints in places, the covering tape is subjected to a specific treatment, and a waterproof lower layer structure having a specific structure is provided on the covering tape, so that the waterproof layer is locally generated by the gas released from the underlying concrete. We found that it was possible to prevent floating (swelling).
It was also found that one is required for a certain area, and therefore, the installation position of the de-cylinder, which normally had to be installed near the middle of the rooftop or the like, can be improved.

Further, in the sheet waterproofing method, the sheets must be joined with a waterproof paint or a sealant, and the horizontal passage of gas is blocked at the joint, but the problem is also "using the above joints". However, the present invention has been completed by finding that it can be dealt with by "a construction method for providing a waterproof lower layer structure having a specific structure".

That is, in the present invention, after covering the upper part of the joint of the base concrete with a covering tape, the layer thickness is 0.1 mm or more and 5 mm or less on the base concrete and the upper part of the covering tape on the breathable base material layer. It is a waterproof construction method in which a waterproof lower layer structure in which the waterproof lower layer is formed in advance is laid, and an upper layer coating film waterproof material is applied from above.
A gap between the covering tapes is provided only in a part of the covering tape existing in the upper part of the joint, and the gas intake ventilation sheet is placed on the part, and then the waterproof lower layer structure is laid. It provides a waterproof construction method.

Further, in the present invention, the adhesive layer is partially provided so that the waterproof lower layer structure secures a breathable ventilation portion by not providing the adhesive layer under the ventilation base material layer. It provides the above-mentioned waterproofing method.

Further, the present invention sets the size of the gas intake ventilation sheet to a size at which the ventilation portion always exists in the portion of the waterproof lower layer structure that is in contact with the gas intake ventilation sheet from above. It provides a waterproof construction method.

Further, in the present invention, after fixing the waterproof lower layer structure and the waterproof lower layer structure extending thereto to the upper part of the base concrete and the covering tape, the waterproof lower layer structure is waterproofed with a coating film at the space formed between the waterproof lower layer structures. The present invention provides the above-mentioned waterproofing method in which a material or a sealant is injected to join the waterproof layers of the coating film without gaps.

Further, in the present invention, after the waterproof lower layer structure is laid, the waterproof upper layer coating material is applied to the upper surface of the waterproof lower layer of the waterproof lower layer structure including the top of the injected coating film waterproof material or sealant. The present invention provides the above-mentioned waterproofing method for seamlessly forming a waterproof upper layer by applying the coating.

The present invention also provides a gas uptake ventilation sheet used in the above waterproofing method, which is made of a non-woven fabric having a thickness of 0.07 mm or more and 3 mm or less. ..

Further, the present invention is obtained by using the above waterproofing method, and has a waterproof lower layer of the waterproof lower layer structure and a waterproof upper layer formed by applying a waterproof upper layer coating material. It provides all layers of waterproofing.

Further, the present invention provides a method for repairing a waterproof layer, characterized in that the underlying concrete is pressed concrete and the above waterproofing method is used for the pressed concrete.

According to the present invention, the above-mentioned problems and problems are solved, and a gas such as water vapor released from the underlying concrete is preferably released into the atmosphere especially in summer or the like, and the extremely high pressure of the gas causes locality in the waterproof layer. It is possible to prevent the floating (isolation, swelling, etc.) that occurs.
As a result, the waterproofing method, repair method, and waterproofing surface (floor surface) for rooftops, etc., which do not hinder walking, etc., do not damage the waterproof layer and impair waterproofness, and do not cause any problems in appearance. Can be provided.

Conventionally, even when a ventilation buffer sheet is used in the coating film waterproofing method, the waterproof layer may not be sufficiently prevented from floating (swelling). The effect of preventing lifting greatly depends on the ventilation performance, and with many ventilation buffer sheets, for example, one de-cylinder in a "long and narrow 50m ^{2 to} 100m ² rectangle" can sufficiently prevent lifting (swelling). I wasn't.
According to the present invention, floating (swelling) can be prevented without using a ventilation buffer sheet, and the prevention effect is particularly exhibited as compared with the usual "coating film waterproofing method using a ventilation buffer sheet".

Although the present invention is a sheet waterproofing method, gas such as water vapor from the underlying concrete can be suitably released in the horizontal direction.
Further, in order to maintain the joint strength, the joint portion (width direction (short direction) of the waterproof lower layer structure) when the waterproof sheet (waterproof lower layer structure in the present invention) is extended is, for example, a coating film. Even if the waterproof material, sealant, etc. are injected to join the waterproof layers of the coating film without gaps, a horizontal escape place for the gas can be secured, and a gas such as water vapor from the underlying concrete is jointed in the horizontal direction. After that, it can be suitably released until the cylinder is removed.

In order to cope with the thermal expansion and contraction of the base concrete due to the temperature change, joints having an average width of about 20 mm to about 30 mm are usually provided per about 3 m of the base concrete.
The joint is usually filled with a joint material that acts as a cushion during construction (construction). When repairing the waterproof layer, as described above, (a part of) the existing joint is usually removed, and then the upper part of the joint is covered with a covering tape to cope with the thermal expansion and contraction of the underlying concrete. There are known methods for ensuring the smoothness and waterproofness of concrete.
According to the waterproofing method of the present invention, by making the covering tape indispensable, the "space surrounded by the joint and the covering tape" formed as described above can be replaced with water vapor generated from the concrete base. It can be used as a gas passage.

Further, only a part of the long covering tape is provided with a "covering tape vent hole opened in the covering tape" or a "covering tape gap without the covering tape", and a ventilation portion and a ventilation base layer are provided on the waterproofing. By mounting the lower layer structure, the gas uptake ventilation sheet preferably takes in the gas that has horizontally passed through the ventilation base layer of the waterproof lower layer structure from a wide surrounding area, and the gas is a wide space. Can be released to joints.

Further, the area of the gas intake ventilation sheet is sufficiently large, and the ventilation portion of the waterproof lower layer structure provided on the gas intake ventilation sheet is always gas intake ventilation regardless of how the waterproof lower layer structure is provided. If it is allowed to pass over the sheet, the gas that has passed through the waterproof lower layer structure can reach the joints preferably via the gas uptake ventilation sheet.

As a result, the gas that reaches the joint is released into a large space called the inside of the joint covered with the covering tape (compared to the ventilation base layer and the ventilation part of the waterproof lower layer structure). It is sufficient to provide the de-cylinder only at the end of the roof, for example, the "wall surface (rising portion) of the rooftop", and it is not necessary to provide the de-cylinder at the "non-wall surface" such as near the middle of the roof.
In addition, although there has been a method of providing a de-cylinder on a wall surface (rising part) of a rooftop or the like, a method of providing a de-cylinder on a wall surface (rising part) of a rooftop or the like is used because the efficiency of degassing is extremely low. There were few things.
That is, conventionally, in order to improve the efficiency of degassing, one de-cylinder is required per fixed area (50 m ^{2 to} 100 m ² ), but according to the waterproof construction method of the present invention, degassing is performed. Since the efficiency is high, the cylinder removal needs to be provided only on the wall surface (raising portion), so that problems in walking and appearance are eliminated and safety is improved.

When the waterproof layer is repaired, if the joint material is removed from the joint and the joint is covered with a covering tape, the waterproof method of the present invention can be suitably applied. Therefore, the waterproof method of the present invention is a repair of the waterproof layer. Sometimes, it is particularly suitable as a repair method.

Since the present invention belongs to the sheet waterproofing method, the number of construction days is shortened as compared with the coating film waterproofing method, and a skilled worker is not required. According to the waterproofing method of the present invention, the various problems of the conventional sheet waterproofing method can be solved, the problem of gas from the underlying concrete can be solved, and the advantages of the sheet waterproofing method can be utilized. be able to.
That is, in the conventional general-purpose coating film waterproofing method, one day for laying a ventilation buffer sheet and applying / curing the waterproof lower layer, one day for applying / curing the waterproof upper layer, and applying / drying the top coat layer. It took at least 3 days a day for (curing).
According to the waterproofing method of the present invention, for example, one day is required for laying a "waterproof lower layer structure in which a ventilation base layer and a waterproof lower layer are formed in advance" and then applying / curing the waterproof upper layer, and then applying a top coat layer. A total of two days a day is sufficient for drying (curing).

It is the schematic which shows an example of the form of the waterproof lower layer structure in this invention. (A) Cross-sectional view of the waterproof lower layer structure (b) Plan view of the usage pattern of the waterproof lower layer structure It is a schematic cross-sectional view which shows an example of the form in which the waterproof lower layer structure in this invention is laid on the base concrete (the cross-sectional view of JJ'in FIG. 1 (b)). It is a schematic diagram which shows the form in which the waterproof lower layer structure is laid after covering the joint with the covering tape which has a plate-like member. (A) Schematic cross-sectional view of a portion where the gas uptake ventilation sheet does not exist (A-A'arrow cross-sectional view in FIG. 3B) (b) The schematic plan view of a covering tape having a plate-shaped member. It is a schematic cross-sectional view (the cross-sectional view taken along the line BB'in FIG. 3 (b)) of the part where the gas uptake ventilation sheet is present (the central part of the covering tape without parallel diagonal lines is BB'. It does not exist on the end face of the cut section, and is visible on the other side in this schematic cross section). It is a figure which shows the form which covered the joint with the covering tape which has a metal layer. (A) Schematic cross-sectional view of a portion where the gas intake ventilation sheet does not exist (C-C'arrow cross-sectional view in FIG. 5 (b)) (b) The schematic plan view of a covering tape having a plate-shaped member. It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the part where the gas uptake ventilation sheet exists (the cross-sectional view taken along the line DD'in FIG. 5B) (the covering tape without parallel diagonal lines is cut off along the line DD'. It does not exist on the end face and is visible on the other side in this schematic cross section). It is a schematic diagram which shows the flow G of the gas which flows into the joint from the gas intake ventilation sheet above the joint. (A) Schematic plan view of the joint portion (b) Schematic sectional view of the joint portion It is a figure which shows the preferable size of a gas intake ventilation sheet (magnification of a, b, c is not the same). (A) No matter how the waterproof lower layer structure is provided, the size at which the ventilation part of the waterproof lower layer structure always exists above the gas intake ventilation sheet (b) (c) Depending on how the waterproof lower layer structure is provided The size at which the ventilation part of the waterproof underlayer structure may not be present at the top of the gas intake ventilation sheet It is a figure which shows the photograph of the experimental apparatus used in the acceleration test of Example 1. (A) Photograph showing a simulated joint, a simulated base concrete and a gas generator (b) A photograph showing a state in which the upper part of the simulated joint is covered with a covering tape and a part of the simulated joint is provided with a covering tape vent (c). Photograph showing the state where the gas intake ventilation sheet is placed on top (d) Photograph showing the state where the waterproof lower layer structure is further provided on it (e) The state where the waterproof upper layer coating material is further applied on it. Photo It is a figure which shows an example of the mode of the joint when the base concrete is pressed concrete. It is a schematic vertical sectional view in the longitudinal direction which shows the form of the covering tape to which the release tape P is attached. (A) A form in which the covering tape adhesive layer is applied by heat fusion, solution application, etc. (b) A form in which the covering tape adhesive layer is applied by a double-sided adhesive tape provided with a covering tape adhesive layer in advance. It is a schematic diagram which shows an example of the installation position of the tape ventilation hole (gas intake ventilation sheet) in the typical joint spacing (arrangement). It is a schematic diagram which shows a preferable example of the installation position and the installation interval of the tape ventilation hole (gas intake ventilation sheet) in the typical joint interval (arrangement). (A) When 9 pieces (3 pieces x 3 pieces) of pressed concrete with a side of 3 m (square with a side of 9 m) are set as the unit of installation (b) 16 pieces (4 pieces x 4 pieces) of pressed concrete with a side of 3 m (4 pieces x 4 pieces) When a square with a side of 12 m) is used as the unit of installation It is a schematic diagram which shows an example of a preferable number and position of de-cylinders when waterproofing a rooftop having a narrowed part. (A) Waterproofing method of the present invention (b) Conventional waterproofing method It is a schematic cross-sectional view which shows the preferable form of joining of the extension part (joint part in the width direction) of the waterproof lower layer structure in this invention (the cross-sectional view taken by arrow KK'in FIG. 1B). (A) Form after extending the waterproof lower layer structure and laying it on the base concrete (b) Form after attaching joint tape to the space formed between the extended waterproof lower layer structures (however) The joint tape may be omitted.) (C) Form after injecting the waterproof material or sealant into the space between the parts (d) Above the waterproof underlayer structure including the waterproof material or sealant. Form after forming a waterproof upper layer It is a schematic cross-sectional view which shows an example of the bonding in the longitudinal direction of the waterproof lower layer structure in this invention (the cross-sectional view of LL'in FIG. 1B). It is the schematic which shows the form of the gas flow connection sheet used as an example of joining of the waterproof lower layer structure in this invention. (A) Cross-sectional view showing the layer structure of the gas flow connecting sheet (b) Plan view of the gas flow connecting sheet It is a schematic plan view which shows an example of the use method (use place) of the gas flow connection sheet in the joining of a waterproof lower layer structure (enlarged view which rotated 90 ° of FIG. 1 (b)). It is a schematic cross-sectional view which shows an example of the preferable form of the joint of the waterproof lower layer structure in this invention (the cross-sectional view of LL'in FIG. 1B). (A) Form after laying the waterproof lower layer structure on the base concrete via the gas flow connecting sheet (b) After attaching a joint tape to the interval portion formed by the extended waterproof lower layer structures. (C) Form after injecting a coating film waterproofing material or sealant into the interval portion (d) A waterproof upper layer is formed on the waterproof lower layer structure including the upper part of the coating film waterproofing material or sealant. Later form

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described, but the present invention is not limited to the following specific forms, and can be arbitrarily modified within the scope of the technical idea.

<Target of waterproof construction method, etc.>
In the waterproofing method of the present invention, after covering the upper part of the joint of the base concrete with a covering tape, the base concrete and the upper part of the covering tape have a layer thickness of 0.1 mm or more and 5 mm on a breathable base material layer. It is a waterproof construction method in which the following waterproof lower layer is laid in advance and the upper layer coating film waterproof material is applied from above, and covers only a part of the covering tape existing at the upper part of the joint. It is characterized in that a tape ventilation hole or a covering tape gap is provided, a gas intake ventilation sheet is placed on the portion, and then the waterproof lower layer structure is laid.

FIG. 10 shows an example of the joint 12 when the base concrete 11 is a holding concrete (protective concrete). Normally, joints 12 having a width of about 20 mm to about 30 mm are provided at intervals of 3 m to absorb expansion and contraction of concrete due to temperature rise and fall and suppress the occurrence of cracks in the underlying concrete 11.
The joint 12 is usually filled with a joint material, and the joint 12 is covered with a joint cap to ensure waterproofness. The upper part of the joint material may be pushed by the concrete on both sides of the joint 12 to be convex in summer, and may be pulled by the concrete on both sides of the joint 12 to be concave in winter.

Since the waterproofing method of the present invention requires a space through which gas passes inside the joint 12, the joint material may remain, but at least in the joint 12 used for gas circulation, the joint 12 It is preferable that the gas flow is not obstructed by the convex shape of the upper part.
For example, as the joint material, an elastite joint material, "a joint material combining closed-cell type foamed polypropylene, butyl rubber, synthetic rubber (EPDM), stainless steel, glass fiber, vinyl chloride, etc." (for example, manufactured by Taisei Co., Ltd.) , Product name "Expansion tie"), foamed polypropylene joint material, etc. are known, but at the time of repair, after removing the joint cap, these joint materials are removed (preferably almost all of them are removed), and the joint material is removed. It is preferable to provide the covering tape 21 on the upper part of the twelve.

It is particularly preferable that the waterproofing method of the present invention is used at the same time when the existing joint material is removed at the time of repair and the covering tape 21 is used instead of the joint material.

In the waterproofing method of the present invention, the (existing) joint material may be present (residual) (there may be a joint material to the extent that gas flow can be ensured), and gas flow is preferably performed. In order to secure it, it is preferable that the joint material is substantially absent. That is, if the waterproofing method of the present invention is used at the time of repair and the gas flow can be secured, the existing joint material may or may not be removed.
The waterproofing method of the present invention is used at the time of repair, and removes the joint cap made of vinyl chloride or the like, preferably substantially all of the joint material filled in the joint 12, and allows gas to flow. Ensuring is a preferred embodiment from the viewpoint that the above-mentioned effect of the present invention can be exhibited.

<Covering tape>
In the waterproofing method of the present invention, the upper part of the joint 12 of the base concrete 11 is covered with the covering tape 21. Instead of filling the joint 12 with a joint material or the like to absorb the expansion / contraction of concrete and ensuring waterproofness, the upper part of the joint 12 is covered with a tape 21 to absorb the expansion / contraction of concrete and waterproof. Ensure sex. As a result, the space surrounded by the joint 12 and the covering tape 21 functions as a gas passage, and the present invention is established.

FIGS. 3 to 7 show a state in which the upper part of the joint 12 is covered with the covering tape 21. The covering tape 21 is laid from above the joint 12 by attaching the covering tape adhesive layer 22 to the base concrete 11 around the joint 12 (both sides) so as to cover the joint 12.
At that time, when the release tape P protects the covering tape adhesive layer 22, the release tape P is peeled off and then laid from above the joint 12.
In the case of repair, if there is an existing joint cap, remove it. Further, it is preferable to primer-treat the base before laying the covering tape 21. A known method is preferably used for the primer treatment.

The width of the covering tape 21 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 40 mm or more and 300 mm or less, more preferably 55 mm or more and 200 mm or less, and particularly preferably 70 mm or more and 130 mm or less.
If the width is too short, the strain received when the concrete or the like expands and contracts becomes large, the joint 12 cannot be completely covered, or the joint 12 may be peeled off after construction. On the other hand, if it is too long, the cost of the material may increase, resulting in waste or poor workability.

The form of the covering tape 21 is not particularly limited as long as it can cover the upper part of the joint 12 and exerts the above-mentioned effect, but FIGS. 3 to 6, 9, 11 or JP-A-2016-000889. The ones shown can be preferably used.
That is, in order from the bottom, it has at least a covering tape adhesive layer 22, a member row in which "a plurality of plate-shaped members 23 or a plurality of linear members" are arranged in parallel, and a covering tape base material 24. The longest axis of the "shaped member 23 or the linear member" is substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the tape-shaped base material, and the plate-shaped members 23 or the linear members are spaced apart from each other without contacting each other. (Hereinafter, the covering tape 21 is abbreviated as "covering tape A") can be preferably used.
In addition, a product commercially available from Shu Company, Ltd. as "Mejikeeper" (registered trademark) can also be preferably used.

Schematic cross-sectional views of a particularly preferred embodiment of the covering tape A are shown in FIGS. 11 (a) and 11 (b). The covering tape A in the present invention may be any of the embodiments shown in FIGS. 11 (a) and 11 (b).
3 and 4 show a case where the covering tape adhesive layer 22 is applied by heat fusion, solution coating, or the like (covering tape of FIG. 11A).

When the covering tape A is used, in addition to the above-mentioned effect, that is, the effect of absorbing the expansion / contraction of concrete and ensuring waterproofness, the upper portion of the joint 12 can be flattened by the plate-shaped member 23 or the like. A waterproof lower layer structure in which the tape-shaped base material absorbs the movement of the joint 12 to maintain the flatness of the joint portion, and the covering tape 21 can be easily cut at any place where the plate-shaped member 23 or the like is not present. The covering tape 21 has good adhesion to the body 41 and the waterproofing material of the coating film, and since the covering tape 21 is continuously present, it is easy to open the covering tape ventilation hole 25 at an arbitrary place. The covering tape adhesive layer 22 and the covering tape base material Since 24 is made of resin, it is easier to provide a cover tape vent hole 25 than to make a hole in metal if a hole is made there (in particular, if a plate-shaped member 23 made of metal or the like is removed, a cover tape vent hole is provided in that portion. It is easy to provide 25), and so on.

The covering tape adhesive layer 22 in the covering tape A may be applied in any way, and has, for example, heat fusion of the covering tape adhesive layer 22; solution coating of the covering tape adhesive layer material; and covering tape adhesive layer 22. It is preferable that the double-sided adhesive tape R is applied; or the like.
FIG. 11A shows an embodiment in which the covering tape adhesive layer 22 is attached to the covering tape base material 24 with an adhesive or the like, and FIG. 11B shows a double-sided adhesive tape R having the covering tape adhesive layer 22. By doing so, the aspect in which the covering tape adhesive layer 22 is applied is shown. As shown in FIG. 11B, the double-sided adhesive tape R has a covering tape adhesive layer 22, a double-sided adhesive tape support layer 28, and a double-sided adhesive tape plate-shaped member side adhesive layer 29 laminated in this order from the bottom. ..

The thickness of the covering tape adhesive layer 22 in the covering tape A is not particularly limited as long as it can absorb heat shrinkage and thermal expansion and follow the change in the width of the joint 12, but is preferably 50 μm or more and 1000 μm or less, and 100 μm or more and 700 μm or less. More preferably, it is more preferably 200 μm or more and 500 μm or less.
When the thickness of the covering tape adhesive layer 22 is equal to or more than the above lower limit, the adhesive force to the substrate is improved, and the thickness of the soft adhesive layer can follow the movement of the substrate, and the linear gap due to thermal shrinkage / expansion is formed. It can follow changes in width. Further, it is possible to prevent swelling and peeling due to heat shrinkage and thermal expansion in the vertical direction (longitudinal direction of the covering tape 21).
On the other hand, when the thickness of the covering tape adhesive layer 22 is not more than the above upper limit, the thickness of the entire covering tape 21 is suppressed, the step due to the total thickness is reduced, and the coating film waterproofing material can be easily applied. In the end, it is difficult for the waterproof coating film to have a step.

The length of the plate-shaped member 23 in the covering tape A is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 mm or more and 300 mm or less, more preferably 40 mm or more and 150 mm or less, and particularly preferably 60 mm or more and 100 mm or less. ..
If the length is too short, the rate of strain received by the plate-shaped member 23 when the concrete or the like expands and contracts increases, or the joint 12 cannot be completely covered when the width of the covering tape adhesive layer 22 is also shortened. In some cases. On the contrary, if it is too long, the cost of the material may increase and it may be wasted, or the width of the covering sheet material itself may become too large and the workability may deteriorate.

The thickness of the plate-shaped member 23 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.1 mm or more and 3 mm or less, more preferably 0.2 mm or more and 1 mm or less, and 0.3 mm or more and 0.8 mm or less. Is particularly preferred.
If it is too thin, the strength may decrease and the walking feeling after construction may deteriorate. On the other hand, if it is too thick, it is wasteful because it leads to an increase in the cost of the material, and after construction, convex portions are formed on both sides of the joint 12, and the bulges and steps may be conspicuous.

The distance between the plate-shaped members 23 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.1 mm or more and 30 mm or less, more preferably 1 mm or more and 20 mm or less, and particularly preferably 2 mm or more and 15 mm or less. It is more preferably 4 mm or more and 13 mm or less.
If the interval is too short, cutting tools such as scissors and cutters may not enter the gap and the covering tape 21 may not be able to be cut, or the plate-shaped member 23 may be damaged by contact with the cutting tool. .. In addition, it may be difficult to wind the covering tape 21 in a roll shape, or the cost of the material may increase.
On the contrary, if the interval is too long, the portion is soft enough to be cut, so that the strength is not sufficient, and as a result, the waterproof performance is deteriorated, the walking feeling after construction is deteriorated, and the joint 12 is formed. May stand out.

The thickness of the covering tape base material 24 is not particularly limited, but when the material is woven fabric, the grain size is preferably 4 lines / inch or more and 25 lines / inch or less, and 6 lines / inch or more and 18 lines / inch or less. Is more preferable, and 8 lines / inch or more and 16 lines / inch or less are particularly preferable.
When the material is a non-woven fabric, 15 g / m ² or more and 120 g / m ² or less is preferable, 20 g / m ² or more and 80 g / m ² or less is more preferable, and 40 g / m ² or more and 70 g / m ² or less is particularly preferable.
When the material is a resin film, it is preferably 8 μm or more and 120 μm or less, more preferably 20 μm or more and 100 μm or less, and particularly preferably 30 μm or more and 60 μm or less.

When the thickness of the covering tape base material 24 is at least the above lower limit, mechanical strength such as tear strength becomes sufficient, breakage and wrinkles are eliminated during construction, and the straightness of the covering tape 21 is also improved.
On the other hand, when the thickness of the covering tape base material 24 is not more than the above upper limit, the step due to the thickness of the covering tape base material 24 is reduced, the coating film waterproofing material can be easily applied, and finally the waterproof coating film is applied. It is difficult to make a step.

Further, the covering tape 21 in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it has the above-mentioned effect, but those shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 or Patent Document 8 can also be preferably used. That is, those having at least a covering tape adhesive layer 22 and a metal layer 26 in this order from the bottom (hereinafter, this covering tape is abbreviated as "covering tape B") can also be preferably used.
In addition, those marketed as "Mejipas" by Tajima Roofing Co., Ltd. and those marketed as "Mejifit" (registered trademark) by Taisei Co., Ltd. can also be used.

When the covering tape B is used, in addition to the above-mentioned effect, that is, the effect of absorbing the expansion and contraction of concrete and ensuring waterproofness, the metal layer 26 can flatten the upper part of the joint 12 and is long. If the covering tape gaps 27 are provided in some places of the covering tape B, the thermal expansion and contraction of the covering tape B itself can be absorbed. By placing the gas uptake ventilation sheet 31 in the covering tape gaps 27, the gas is released. Since it can flow from the covering tape gap 27 into the joint 12, there is no waste (two birds with one stone), and the structure is simple.

The thickness of the covering tape adhesive layer 22 in the covering tape B is not particularly limited as long as it can absorb heat shrinkage and thermal expansion and follow the change in the width of the joint 12, but is preferably 50 μm or more and 1000 μm or less, and 100 μm or more and 700 μm or less. More preferably, it is more preferably 200 μm or more and 500 μm or less.
When the thickness of the covering tape adhesive layer 22 is within the above range, the same effect as in the case of the covering tape A described above is exhibited.

The thickness of the metal layer 26 in the covering tape B is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.05 mm or more and 2 mm or less, more preferably 0.2 mm or more and 1.5 mm or less, and 0.5 mm or more and 1 mm. The following is particularly preferable.
If it is too thin, the strength may decrease and the walking feeling after construction may deteriorate. On the other hand, if it is too thick, it is wasteful because it leads to an increase in the cost of the material, and after construction, convex portions are formed on both sides of the joint 12, and the bulges and steps may be conspicuous.

The material of each layer of the covering tape 21 is not particularly limited, but iron, tinplate, galvanized iron, galvanized iron (registered trademark) and the like are used as the material of the plate-shaped member 23 in the covering tape A from the viewpoint of strength, cost and the like. Especially preferable.
Further, as the material of the metal layer 26 in the covering tape B, iron, tinplate, galvanized iron, aluminum and the like are particularly preferable from the viewpoint of strength, cost and the like.

The covering tape base material 24 on the uppermost surface of the covering tape A is not particularly limited, but is surface-processed to eliminate the need for primer treatment and improve the adhesion to the waterproof lower layer structure 41 (adhesive layer 45). It is preferable to do so. The material of the covering tape base material 24 is not particularly limited, but polyethylene terephthalate (hereinafter abbreviated as "PET") adheres to the adhesive layer 45 of the waterproof lower layer structure 41 (particularly by surface processing). It is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of improving the properties.

The material of the covering tape adhesive layer 22, regardless of whether it is the covering tape A or the covering tape B, is not particularly limited, but is a natural rubber-based adhesive, a synthetic rubber-based adhesive, an acrylic resin-based adhesive, and a silicone rubber. Adhesives such as urethane resin adhesives, butyl rubber adhesives, and modified asphalt adhesives are preferable, because butyl rubber adhesives have high adhesive strength, self-adhesiveness, and can shorten the construction time. Is particularly preferable.

Regardless of whether it is the covering tape A or the covering tape B, the release tape P is laminated on the covering tape adhesive layer 22 before use, and after the release tape P is peeled off at the construction site, the joints are formed. By sticking it on the base concrete 11 around (both sides) of 12, it is laid from above the joint 12 along the joint 12.

<< Covering tape ventilation holes or covering tape gaps >>
In the waterproofing method of the present invention, the covering tape ventilation hole 25 or the covering tape gap 27 is provided only in a part of the covering tape 21 existing at the upper part of the joint 12, and the gas intake ventilation sheet 31 is placed on the part. Then, the waterproof lower layer structure 41 is provided.
That is, the cover tape ventilation holes 25 and the cover tape gaps 27 without the cover tape 21 are provided in places of the cover tape 21, and the gas intake ventilation sheet 31 is placed so as to cover the cover tape vents, and then the waterproof lower layer structure 41 is provided. Provide.

The mode of the covering tape ventilation hole 25 is shown in FIGS. 3, 7 and 9 (b).
The time for opening the covering tape ventilation hole 25 in the covering tape 21 is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to open the covering tape ventilation hole 25 after covering the joint 12 with the covering tape 21 from the viewpoint of workability.
When the covering tape ventilation hole 25 is provided, the covering tape 21 may be in the form of the covering tape A or the covering tape B described above, but the covering tape ventilation hole 25 may be opened in the metal layer 26. Since it is not easy and it is easy to open the covering tape ventilation hole 25 in the covering tape base material 24, it is preferable that the covering tape ventilation hole 25 is applied to an embodiment such as the covering tape A (FIGS. 3, 4, 7 and). 9 (b)).

For example, when the covering tape A described above is used as the covering tape 21, one or a plurality of plate-shaped members 23 are formed from the covering tape A as shown in FIGS. 3 (b) and 9 (b). It is preferable to remove (preferably one or two) and cut off the periphery thereof to provide a covering tape vent 25.

The size of the covering tape ventilation hole 25 is preferably smaller than that of the gas intake ventilation sheet 31 described later. If the covering tape ventilation holes 25 protrude from the gas intake ventilation sheet 31, the holes are unnecessarily opened, and the strength and waterproofness of the covering tape 21 may be inferior.
The "length in the width direction of the covering tape" of the covering tape ventilation hole 25 is preferably 0.5 cm to 3 cm inside from the left and right edges of the covering tape 21, and particularly preferably 1 cm to 2 cm inside. .. Specifically, there is no particular limitation because it depends on the width of the covering tape 21, but it is preferably 2 cm to 12 cm, more preferably 4 cm to 10 cm, and particularly preferably 5 cm to 8 cm.

When the "length in the width direction of the covering tape" of the covering tape ventilation hole 25 is equal to or more than the above lower limit, sufficient gas flows from the covering tape ventilation hole 25 into the joint 12. Even if the cover tape ventilation holes 25 and the joints 12 are orthogonal to each other, only the width of the joints 12 (only the intersections) does not contribute to the inflow of gas, and the cover between the gas intake ventilation sheet 31 and the base. Since the portion of the tape vent hole 25 is also a space, it contributes to the inflow of gas.
On the other hand, when the "length in the width direction of the covering tape" of the covering tape ventilation hole 25 is not more than the above upper limit, the strength of the covering tape 21 is not reduced by providing the covering tape ventilation hole 25.

The "length in the longitudinal direction of the covering tape" of the covering tape ventilation hole 25 is preferably 0.5 cm to 5 cm, more preferably 0.7 cm to 3.5 cm, and particularly preferably 1 cm to 2 cm.
When the "length in the longitudinal direction of the covering tape" of the covering tape ventilation hole 25 is equal to or more than the above lower limit, sufficient gas flows from the covering tape ventilation hole 25 into the joint 12.
On the other hand, when the "length in the longitudinal direction of the covering tape" of the covering tape ventilation hole 25 is not more than the above upper limit, the strength of the covering tape 21 is reduced and the waterproof property is deteriorated by providing the covering tape ventilation hole 25. Absent.

The mode of the covering tape gap 27 (covering tape expansion buffer gap) is shown in FIGS. 5 and 6.
When the covering tape gap 27 is provided, the covering tape 21 may be in the form of the covering tape A or the covering tape B, but the covering tape A is provided with the covering tape ventilation hole 25. It is preferable that the covering tape gap 27 is applied to an aspect such as the covering tape B (FIGS. 5 and 6).
Further, in the covering tape B, in order to absorb thermal expansion and contraction in the longitudinal direction and from the viewpoint of workability, the covering tape 21 is usually cut to a certain length at the time of laying, and expansion buffer gaps are provided in some places. It can be used as a covering tape gap 27. From this point, the covering tape gap 27 is preferably applied to an aspect such as the covering tape B (FIGS. 5 and 6).

The size of the covering tape gap 27 is the width of the covering tape 21 with respect to the "length in the covering tape width direction", and the covering tape vent hole 25 with respect to the preferable range of the "length in the covering tape longitudinal direction". It is the same as the case of.

"Covering tape ventilation holes 25 or covering tape gaps 27" (hereinafter, the inside of parentheses may be simply abbreviated as "tape ventilation holes") are provided in places of the covering tape 21, but the intervals are parallel to the joint 12. The distance on a straight line is preferably 1 in 2 m to 20 m, more preferably 1 in 3 m to 15 m, and particularly preferably 1 in 5 m to 12 m.
Further, the linear distance from the tape vent to the nearest tape vent (the shortest linear distance between the tape vents) is preferably set regardless of whether or not it is along the joint 12 or parallel to the joint 12. The range is set to 1 m to 20 m, more preferably 1.3 m to 16 m, particularly preferably 2 m to 12 m, still more preferably 4 m to 10 m, and the tape ventilation hole 25 and gas intake ventilation are set. It is desirable to provide a sheet 31.

In addition, the frequency of existence per area of the base of the tape vents is 1 to 4 in a square (area 9m x 9m = 81m ² ) with 3 holding concretes of (3m x 3m =) 9m ² on one side. Is preferable, 1.3 to 3 pieces are more preferable, 1.5 pieces to 2.3 pieces are particularly preferable, and 2 pieces are most preferable as shown in FIG. 13 (a).
In addition, the frequency of existence of the tape vent holes per area of the base is 1 to 4 in a square (area 12m x 12m = 144m ² ) with four holding concretes of (3m x 3m =) 9m ² on one side. Is preferable, 1.3 to 3 pieces are more preferable, 1.5 pieces to 2.3 pieces are particularly preferable, and 2 pieces are most preferable as shown in FIG. 13 (b).

FIG. 12 shows an example of the position of the tape ventilation hole (25 or 27) with respect to the typical “arrangement of the joint 12”, that is, the installation position of the gas intake ventilation sheet 31 described later (however, the present invention is shown in FIG. 12). Is not limited to).
In FIG. 12, since there are four tape ventilation holes (gas intake ventilation sheets) occupied by only 1/2 in each section 9m ² surrounded by the joint 12, the tape ventilation holes (gas intake ventilation sheets) per 9m ² are provided. There are two ((1/2) × 4 =) gas intake ventilation sheets).

Further, FIGS. 13A and 13B show particularly preferable mutual distances and arrangement relationships between the tape ventilation holes 25 and the gas intake ventilation sheet 31.
FIG. 13A shows a tape vent hole 25 (gas intake vent sheet) because there are four tape vents containing 1/2 of the square in a square having three holding concretes having a side of 3 m. The frequency of 31) is (1/2) × 4 = 2 per 81 m ² .
Further, the "shortest straight line distance parallel to the joint" between the tape ventilation holes 25 (gas intake ventilation sheet 31) is 9 m, and the "shortest straight line distance unrelated to the joint" is 4.5 m × 2. ^1/2 = 6.3 m.

FIG. 13B shows a tape vent hole 25 (gas intake vent sheet) because there are four tape vents containing 1/2 of the square in a square having four presser concretes having a side of 3 m. The frequency of 31) is (1/2) × 4 = 2 per 144 m ² .
Further, the "shortest straight line distance parallel to the joint" between the tape ventilation holes 25 (gas intake ventilation sheet 31) is 12 m, and the "shortest straight line distance unrelated to the joint" is 6 m × 2 ^{1 /. 2} = 8.5 m.

When the lower limit of the installation frequency of the tape ventilation hole (25 or 27) or the gas intake ventilation sheet 31 is equal to or higher than the above, it is effective to release the gas (pressure) generated from the concrete, and the waterproof lower layer structure 41 or the waterproof upper layer No floating (peeling, swelling, etc.) appears at 51. That is, the waterproof full layer 52 (waterproof lower layer 42 and waterproof upper layer 51) and the top coat layer above it do not rise (peeling, swelling, etc.). Further, when the upper limit of the installation frequency is less than the above, the installation of the tape ventilation hole (gas intake ventilation sheet) is not wasted, and the swelling on the waterproof layer due to the gas intake ventilation sheet is not a concern. ..
Further, it is preferable to provide the tape vent holes (25 or 27) at the intersection of the two joints 12 (see FIG. 10) because the gas escapes in four directions and the efficiency is high.

<Gas intake ventilation sheet>
The waterproof construction method of the present invention is characterized in that the gas intake ventilation sheet 31 is placed on the above-mentioned tape ventilation hole (25 or 27), and then the waterproof lower layer structure 41 is provided.
It is preferable that the gas intake ventilation sheet 31 is placed so as to cover all of the above-mentioned tape ventilation holes, because all of the tape ventilation holes can be effectively used for ventilation of the gas emitted from the concrete.

FIGS. 3 to 8 and 9 (c) show the usage mode of the gas intake ventilation sheet 31.
Without the gas uptake vent sheet 31, only the area of the tape vents described above may be useful for gas uptake.
The ventilation portion 47 of the waterproof lower layer structure 41 does not always accidentally pass (contact) just above the portion of the tape ventilation hole (it is unlikely). However, even in that case, if there is a gas intake ventilation sheet 31, the ventilation portion 47 of the waterproof lower layer structure 41 must pass (contact) somewhere on the gas intake ventilation sheet 31. The gas emitted from the base concrete 11 flows to the joint 12 through the tape ventilation hole, and the pressure due to the gas can be released.

As described above, the gas intake ventilation sheet 31 plays a role of substantially expanding the area of the tape ventilation holes. With the gas intake ventilation sheet 31, the effect of releasing the gas (pressure) to the joint 12 is significantly improved as compared with the case without the gas intake ventilation sheet 31.

The shape of the gas intake ventilation sheet 31 is not particularly limited and may be circular, elliptical or square, but it is circular, the long axis is elliptical less than 3 times the minor axis, and the long side is 3 times or less the short side. A rectangular shape or the like is preferable from the viewpoints that the ventilation portion 47 of the waterproof lower layer structure 41 easily passes over the shape and the workability is good.
The gas uptake ventilation sheet 31 may be provided by being cut into a predetermined size to be used at the site at a factory or the like, or may be provided in a roll shape, a sheet shape or the like, and appropriately cut and used at the construction site. May be good.

It is preferable that the size of the gas intake ventilation sheet 31 is a size that covers all of the tape ventilation holes, because all of the tape ventilation holes can be effectively used for ventilation of the gas emitted from the concrete.
Specifically, the size of the gas intake ventilation sheet 31 is preferably 7 cm to 25 cm, and 8 cm to 20 cm, although the size of the tape ventilation hole is not particularly limited. Is more preferable, and 9 cm to 13 cm is particularly preferable.
When any of the delivery lengths is equal to or greater than the above lower limit, the gas intake ventilation sheet 31 can sufficiently take in the gas from the ventilation portion 47 and allow the gas to flow into the joint 12 from the tape ventilation hole. On the other hand, when it is not more than the above upper limit, the waterproof lower layer structure 41 strongly adheres to the covering tape 21 and the base.

It is also preferable that the size of the gas intake ventilation sheet 31 is determined after observing the size of the formed tape ventilation holes.
Further, it is also preferable to determine the size of the gas intake ventilation sheet 31 after observing the pitch (cycle), width, and existence of the ventilation portion 47 of the waterproof lower layer structure 41.
FIG. 8 schematically shows the relationship between the size of the gas intake ventilation sheet 31 and the ventilation portion 47. The scales of FIGS. 8 (a) and 8 (b) (c) are drawn by unifying the size of the circular gas intake ventilation sheet 31, and are not the same (not necessarily the same). .. It is preferable to determine the size of the gas uptake ventilation sheet 31 by looking at the aspect of the ventilation portion 47 of the waterproof lower layer structure 41 to be used.

As shown in FIG. 8A, the ventilation portion 47 of the waterproof lower layer structure 41 needs to cross the upper part of the gas intake ventilation sheet 31 or be present on the upper part of the gas intake ventilation sheet 31. is there.
As shown in FIG. 8B, if the ventilation portion 47 does not cross the upper part of the gas intake ventilation sheet 31 or does not exist on the upper part of the gas intake ventilation sheet 31, gas does not flow in, so the present invention. It is difficult to achieve the effect of the invention.
Further, as shown in FIG. 8C, even if there is a portion where the ventilation portion 47 happens to cross the upper part of the gas intake ventilation sheet 31, depending on the arrangement of the waterproof lower layer structure 41, FIG. As shown in 8 (b), since there is a possibility that the ventilation portion 47 does not cross the upper part of the gas intake ventilation sheet 31, it is difficult to exert the effect of the present invention in that portion.

That is, in the present invention, the size of the gas intake ventilation sheet 31 is determined by (how to install the waterproof lower layer structure 41) in the portion of the waterproof lower layer structure 41 which is in contact with the gas intake ventilation sheet 31 from above. Even if the size of the ventilation portion 47 is set to always exist, the gas intake ventilation sheet 31 always takes in the gas from the ventilation portion 47 and covers the gas from the tape ventilation hole 25 to the joint 12. It is preferable because it can be allowed to flow.

The shape of the ventilation portion 47 is not particularly limited as long as the gas from the base concrete 11 is guided to the ventilation base material layer 44 and the gas from the ventilation base material layer 44 is guided to the gas intake ventilation sheet 31, and has an area. It may be spot-shaped, random with sufficiently high density, strip-shaped with width, or strip-shaped with the width may be arranged like a grid, but it has width because of ease of manufacture. It is preferably strip-shaped.
When the ventilation portion 47 is strip-shaped and has an existing pitch, the size of the gas intake ventilation sheet 31 is preferably larger than the pitch of the ventilation portion 47 from the above points. In other words, when the width of the ventilation portion 47 is L and the interval is D, the "distance straddling the ventilation portion 47" of the gas intake ventilation sheet 31 can be set to (L + D) or more. It is preferable from the point of view.
That is, when a waterproof lower layer structure having ventilation portions 47 having a width L in parallel at intervals D is provided on the gas intake ventilation sheet, the delivery length of the gas intake ventilation sheet is set to (L + D) or more. It is preferable to set it.

The thickness of the gas uptake ventilation sheet 31 is set to a thickness that preferably absorbs the gas passing through the ventilation base material layer 44 and the ventilation portion 47. The lower limit of the thickness of the gas uptake ventilation sheet 31 is not particularly limited as long as the above effect is exhibited, but is preferably 0.07 mm or more, more preferably 0.1 mm or more, and further preferably 0.4 mm. The above is particularly preferable, and it is 0.7 mm or more.
Further, the upper limit of the thickness of the gas intake ventilation sheet 31 is not particularly limited as long as it does not interfere with the construction and the step (convex portion) due to the thickness is not conspicuous, but it is preferably 3 mm or less, more preferably. It is 2 mm or less, more preferably 1.5 mm or less, and particularly preferably 1.2 mm or less.
When the lower limit is equal to or higher than the above, the gas passing through the ventilation base layer 44 and the ventilation portion 47 can be suitably absorbed and can be suitably flowed to the joint 12 through the tape ventilation holes. On the other hand, when the upper limit is not more than the above, the material of the gas intake ventilation sheet 31 is not wasted, and it is difficult for the waterproof upper layer 51 (and thus the top coat layer) to have bulges, protrusions, and steps.

Although not limited, as shown in FIGS. 3 to 6 and 9 (c), the gas intake ventilation sheet 31 has a gas intake ventilation sheet hole substantially above the joint 12 and above the tape ventilation hole. It is preferable to provide 32 in order to allow the gas to flow directly to the joint 12 efficiently.
That is, the gas intake ventilation sheet 31 has a gas intake ventilation sheet hole 32, and the gas intake ventilation sheet 31 can be placed so that the gas intake ventilation sheet hole 32 is located above the joint 12. preferable.

The gas flow G is shown in FIG. 1 (b), FIG. 4, FIG. 6 and FIG.
The gas taken in (flowed into) into the gas intake ventilation sheet 31 flows into the joint 12 through the tape ventilation hole located below the gas intake ventilation sheet 31, but flows directly into the joint 12 from the lower surface of the gas intake ventilation sheet 31. It flows into the joint 12 from the gas intake ventilation sheet hole 32, or exits from the gas intake ventilation sheet cross section 33 which is the inner surface of the gas intake ventilation sheet hole 32 and flows into the joint 12.

The material of the gas uptake ventilation sheet 31 is not limited, but for example, a cloth material such as a non-woven fabric, a woven cloth, or a net cloth (net cloth) is used. Examples of the cloth material include those formed in a "cloth-like or net-like" shape by single fibers or focused fibers, and those in which a plurality of types are combined.
The fibers constituting the gas uptake ventilation sheet 31 include synthetic fibers such as polyester, poly (meth) acrylate, polypropylene, polyamide and polyvinyl alcohol; natural fibers such as cotton and hemp; organic fibers such as their composite fibers; glass. , Metal, inorganic fibers such as carbon; etc. are preferable.

Among these, a non-woven fabric (preferably made of polyester) is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of breathability, strength, flexibility, cost and the like. As the non-woven fabric, a non-woven fabric produced by needle punching, a resin binder, a heat fusion method or the like can be used.
In addition, a Russell woven fabric (preferably made of polyester) is particularly preferable in terms of breathability, strength, flexibility, cost and the like.

If the basis weight of the gas intake ventilation sheet 31 is too large, a step may be formed in the waterproof layer above the gas intake ventilation sheet 31, so 200 g / m ² or less is preferable, and 120 g / m ² or less is preferable. Especially preferable. On the other hand, if the basis weight is too small, the air permeability in the horizontal direction (lateral direction) deteriorates, so 50 g / m ² or more is preferable, and 70 g / m ² or more is particularly preferable.
By setting the basis weight in this range, both "sufficient air permeability" and "no step (small step)" can be achieved.

<Waterproof lower layer structure>
In the waterproofing method of the present invention, after covering the upper part of the joint 12 with the covering tape 21, the base concrete 11 and the upper part of the covering tape 21 are "layered with a layer thickness of 0.1 mm on the breathable base material layer 44. A waterproof lower layer structure 41 in which a waterproof lower layer 42 of 5 mm or less is formed in advance is laid, and an upper coating film waterproofing material is applied from above.

The waterproof lower layer structure 41 has at least a ventilation base material layer 44 and a waterproof lower layer 42 from the bottom to the top when laid, and preferably the ventilation portion 47, the adhesive layer 45, and the like. It has a breathable base layer 44 and a waterproof lower layer 42, and particularly preferably, as shown in FIG. 1A, a paper pattern 48, a breathable portion 47, an adhesive layer 45, a breathable base layer 44 and a waterproof lower layer. It has 42.
As shown in FIG. 1A, the waterproof lower layer structure 41 is preferably rolled in a roll shape and provided with the release paper 48 attached. Further, the waterproof lower layer structure 41 is laid on the base concrete 11 by peeling off the paper pattern 48 as shown in FIG. 2, and a waterproof upper layer 51 is provided from above, preferably a top coat layer (shown in the figure). (Not) is provided and used.

In the present invention, the expressions "above", "above (upper)", etc. do not have to mean immediately above (immediately above) in contact with it, and exclude that there is another layer between them. do not do.
For example, after the upper surface of the base concrete 11 or the covering tape 21 is primed, the waterproof lower layer structure 41 (adhesive layer 45) is attached, or a further layer is provided between the waterproof upper layer 51 and the top coat layer. You can also.

Regarding the size of the waterproof lower layer structure 41, the lower limit of the length in the longitudinal direction is preferably 3 m or more, more preferably 5 m or more, further preferably 7 m or more, and particularly preferably 9 m or more.
As shown in FIGS. 10, 12, and 13, the holding concrete is generally a square having a length and width of 3 m, and the length between joints existing in parallel is usually 3 m.
On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 1 (b), when the waterproof lower layer structure 41 is extended, the end portion in the width direction thereof and the end portion in the width direction of the "waterproof lower layer structure to be extended" are extended. It is preferable to inject a coating film waterproofing material or a sealant 62 into the gap portion 61 with the portion and join the coating film waterproof layers without gaps in order to increase the bonding strength. Then, the spacing portion (joining portion) At 61, the passage of the gas in the horizontal (lateral) direction is blocked.
As shown in FIG. 15, the end portion of the waterproof lower layer structure 41 in the width direction must be cut vertically due to the ease of manufacturing method, and therefore, the air permeability is ensured at the interval portion (joint portion) 61. However, it is extremely difficult to ensure waterproofness. Therefore, in the interval portion (joint portion) 61, waterproofness must be ensured at the expense of breathability.

Therefore, if the length of the waterproof lower layer structure 41 in the longitudinal direction is too short, one waterproof lower layer structure 41 may be laid only on a small number of joints, or one waterproof lower layer structure 41 may be a joint. It may not be laid on top of it, which may impede gas flow. For example, if the length of the waterproof lower layer structure 41 in the longitudinal direction is less than 3 m, one waterproof lower layer structure 41 straddles even one joint 12 (because the distance between joints is 3 m). It may not be (not laid on the joint).
As described above, if the length in the longitudinal direction is too short, the flow of gas is blocked at the interval portion (joint portion) 61, and the waterproof all-layer 52 is likely to swell or peel off, thereby achieving the above-mentioned effect of the present invention. It may not play. In FIG. 2B, since the length of the waterproof lower layer structure 41 in the longitudinal direction is 8 m, one waterproof lower layer structure 41 straddles two or three joints 12, or all the joints. It is placed parallel to the joint on the top.

It is preferable that many waterproof lower layer structures 41 are laid on the gas intake ventilation sheet 31, but as shown in FIG. 12, the gas intake ventilation sheet 31 is not provided at a high density (high frequency), for example. In some cases, the gas intake ventilation sheet 31 is provided at a density (frequency) as shown in FIG. 13 (preferably). That is, it is inevitable that the waterproof lower layer structure 41 that is not placed on the gas intake ventilation sheet 31 exists. According to the present invention, since the gas flow G can be secured in the ventilation base material layer 44, it is not always necessary to have the gas intake ventilation sheet 31 under the individual waterproof lower layer structure 41 (FIG. 1B). reference).
However, if the length of the waterproof lower layer structure 41 in the longitudinal direction is still too short, the gas flow may be frequently blocked at the interval portion (joint portion) 61, and the gas intake ventilation sheet 31 may not be suitably reached. ..

On the other hand, the upper limit of the length of the waterproof lower layer structure 41 in the longitudinal direction is not particularly limited, but is preferably 30 m or less, more preferably 20 m or less, and particularly preferably 15 m or less. If the length in the longitudinal direction is too long, the diameter may become too large when wound, making handling difficult, or there may be few rooftops that are so large in the first place.

The length of the waterproof lower layer structure 41 in the width direction (short direction) is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.3 m or more and 1.6 m or less, more preferably 0.5 m or more and 1.4 m or less, and more preferably 0.8 m. More than 1.2 m is particularly preferable.
If the length of the waterproof lower layer structure 41 in the width direction (short direction) is too short (if the width is too narrow), it may take time to lay many waterproof lower layer structures 41, and the joint in the longitudinal direction may be difficult. It can be a hassle.
On the other hand, if the length of the waterproof lower layer structure 41 in the width direction (short direction) is too long (if the width is too wide), it becomes difficult to lay the waterproof lower layer structure 41, and the height when wound is increased. It may be too expensive to handle.

As described above, the widthwise end portion of the waterproof lower layer structure 41 must be cut vertically as shown in FIG. 15 from the viewpoint of ease of processing, and therefore, the gap portion between the widthwise end portions ( In the joint portion) 61, it is difficult to secure breathability while ensuring waterproofness and joint strength.
However, the shape of the end portion of the waterproof lower layer structure 41 in the longitudinal direction can be variously processed in the factory. Therefore, as will be described later, it is possible to ensure waterproofness and also breathability between the ends of the waterproof lower layer structure 41 in the longitudinal direction.

FIG. 1B shows an example of an installation form of a typical waterproof lower layer structure 41 and an example of a gas flow G. 1 (b) shows a case where the distance between adjacent joints 12 is 3 m in both the vertical and horizontal directions as shown in FIGS. 10, 12, and 13, and the gas intake ventilation sheet 31 is formed as shown in FIG. 13 (a). , The distance along the joint 12 is 3 [m / joint distance] x 3 [joint distance] = 9 m, and "the longitudinal direction is 8 m and the width direction (short direction) is 1 m. The case where the waterproof lower layer structure 41 ”is laid is shown.

Since it is possible to ensure waterproofness and also breathability between the ends of the waterproof lower layer structure 41 in the longitudinal direction as described later (see, for example, FIG. 16), the length of the gas intake ventilation sheet 31 is long. If the gas flow is 8 m, for example, as shown in FIG. 1 (b), even if the gas flow G is blocked at the interval portion 61, the gas flows into another waterproof lower layer structure 41 in parallel (gas flow). (G is secured), the gas (pressure) reaches the gas intake ventilation sheet 31 described above, can reach a sufficiently wide joint 12, and can escape from the de-cylinder 53 to the outside air.

The thickness of the waterproof lower layer structure 41 is not particularly limited and is the total thickness of each of the following layers, but the thickness excluding the paper pattern 48 is preferably 1.3 mm or more and 5 mm or less. It is more preferably 6 mm or more and 4 mm or less, and particularly preferably 2 mm or more and 3 mm or less.

<< Ventilation base layer >>
The ventilation base material layer 44 is also a base material for forming a waterproof lower layer 42 and an adhesive layer 45 on the surface thereof by coating, transfer, etc. at the time of manufacturing, but after the waterproof construction, a person walks on the roof or the like. It has a function of buffering external force applied by concrete and the like and stress generated by contraction and expansion of concrete, and also has a function of ventilating gas such as water vapor generated from concrete in the horizontal direction (horizontal direction).

The form (type) and material of the breathable base material layer 44 are not particularly limited as long as they have breathability, but for example, a cloth material such as a non-woven fabric, a woven cloth, or a net cloth (net cloth) is preferably used. Be done. Examples of the cloth material include those formed in a "cloth-like or net-like" shape by single fibers or focused fibers, and those in which a plurality of types are combined.

The fibers constituting the breathable base material layer 44 include synthetic fibers such as polyester, poly (meth) acrylate, polypropylene, polyamide, and polyvinyl alcohol; natural fibers such as cotton and hemp; organic fibers such as their composite fibers; glass, Inorganic fibers such as metal and carbon (carbon); etc. are preferable.
Among them, a non-woven fabric (particularly preferably made of polyester) is preferable from the viewpoint of breathability, strength, flexibility, cost and the like. As the non-woven fabric, those produced by needle punching, a resin binder, a heat fusion method or the like can be preferably used.
Further, from the viewpoint of breathability, strength, flexibility, cost and the like, a Russell woven fabric (particularly preferably made of polyester) is preferable.

Basis weight of the breathable base layer 44 is preferably from 300 g / ^{m 2} or less, particularly preferably 150 g / ^{m 2} or less. On the other hand, if the basis weight of the aerated base material layer 44 is too small, the air permeability in the horizontal direction (horizontal direction) is deteriorated and the strength as a base material is lowered. Therefore, 50 g / m ² or more is preferable, and 70 g. / M ² or more is particularly preferable.
By setting the basis weight in this range, sufficient air permeability, cushioning property, strength and the like can be obtained.

The thickness of the breathable base material layer 44 is preferably 0.4 mm to 1.5 mm, more preferably 0.5 mm to 1.2 mm, and particularly preferably 0.6 mm to 1 mm. The thickness of the aerated base material layer 44 is preferably 1 time or more and 5 times or less, and particularly preferably 1.5 times or more and 3 times or less the thickness of the adhesive layer 45 described later.
By adjusting the type, amount of grain, thickness, etc. of the breathable base material layer 44, it is easy to form the waterproof lower layer 42 and the adhesive layer 45 at the time of manufacturing the waterproof lower layer structure 41 at a factory or the like, and after the waterproof construction, If it is above the above lower limit, the cushioning property against external force can be increased, and if it is below the above upper limit, the air permeability of the gas from the base concrete 11 in the horizontal (horizontal) direction can be improved, and if it is below the above upper limit, waterproof construction becomes easy. ..

<< Adhesive layer and ventilation part >>
As the ventilation portion 47 of the waterproof lower layer structure 41, the adhesive layer 45 is a portion so as to secure a breathable ventilation portion 47 by not providing the adhesive layer 45 under the ventilation base material layer 44. It is preferable that the ventilation portion 47 is provided because it is easy to provide the ventilation portion 47.
In other words, by not providing the "exposed adhesive layer 45" on the entire lower surface (as the orientation (vertical direction) when laying in the field) of the ventilation base layer 44 of the waterproof lower layer structure 41, that is, the said. A waterproof lower layer structure 41 in which a ventilation portion 47 is formed between the base concrete 11 and the ventilation base material layer 44 by partially presenting the adhesive layer 45 on the surface of the ventilation base material layer 44. Is preferable.

In FIGS. 1A and 2, the portion where the adhesive layer 45 is not provided is the ventilation portion 47. In FIGS. 1A and 2, the ventilation portion 47 is depicted as a space having a cross-sectional area, but since the adhesive layer 45 is extremely thin, it does not substantially form a space, and gas passes through it. -The space may have a cross-sectional area only when it stays.
The inside of the ventilation portion 47 may be empty (although it may be air), but there may be a breathable material such as a non-woven fabric (the inside of the ventilation portion 47 may be filled with a breathable material). ).

As shown in FIGS. 4, 6 and 7, the gas released from the base concrete 11 is taken into the ventilation base layer 44 from the ventilation portion 47, and since there is a waterproof lower layer 42, the waterproof lower layer structure 41 is vertically formed ( (Upper) does not come off, but moves horizontally (laterally) through the ventilation base layer 44, and is taken into the gas intake ventilation sheet 31 from the ventilation portion 47. As described above, it is preferable to form a portion without the adhesive layer 45 on the lower surface of the waterproof lower layer structure 41 and use this as the ventilation portion 47.

The material of the adhesive layer 45 is not particularly limited, but is natural rubber adhesive, synthetic rubber adhesive, acrylic resin adhesive, silicone rubber adhesive, urethane resin adhesive, butyl rubber adhesive, modified. Quality asphalt-based adhesives and the like are preferable, and butyl rubber-based adhesives or polymer-modified asphalt-based adhesives have good compatibility (adhesion, etc.) with the underlying concrete 11, high adhesive strength, self-adhesiveness, and construction time. It is particularly preferable because it can be shortened.

The adhesive layer 45 is formed or exposed only on a part of the lower surface, not the entire lower surface. The adhesive layer 45 is composed of a plurality of strip-shaped portions formed at intervals in the width direction, and may be provided so as to form a ventilation portion 47 between the strips (FIG. 1A). , FIG. 2), the adhesive layer 45 is arranged intricately, and therefore, the “portion without the adhesive layer 45” which is also arranged intricately may be the ventilation portion 47 (not shown).

The thickness of the adhesive layer 45 is not particularly limited, but specifically, it is preferably 0.1 mm to 2 mm, more preferably 0.2 mm to 1 mm, and particularly preferably 0.3 mm to 0.5 mm.
If the thickness of the adhesive layer 45 is too thick, a step may occur on the surface of the waterproof lower layer structure 41, while if the thickness of the adhesive layer 45 is too thin, the adhesiveness to the base concrete 11 may be insufficient. And so on.

The width of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 45 is not limited to a strip shape, but is preferably 8 mm to 80 mm, more preferably 12 mm to 60 mm, and particularly preferably 15 mm to 40 mm in terms of strip shape.
If the width of the adhesive layer 45 is too narrow (or the area is too small), the adhesiveness (adhesiveness) to the substrate may be weakened, while if the adhesive layer 45 is too wide (or the area is too large). (If it is too large), there are too few ventilation parts 47, and it is not possible to secure sufficient air permeability of gas from the underlying concrete, or if the ventilation part 47 cannot pass over the gas intake ventilation sheet 31, or gas intake. In some cases, the gas may not be sufficiently taken into the intake ventilation sheet 31.

When the ventilation portion 47 is strip-shaped, the width of the ventilation portion 47, that is, the width of the "portion without the adhesive layer 45 on the surface" is preferably 1 mm to 30 mm, more preferably 2 mm to 20 mm, and particularly preferably 4 mm to 10 mm. ..

If the width of the ventilation portion 47 is too wide (or the area is too large), there are many portions without the adhesive layer 45, and the adhesiveness (adhesiveness) to the substrate may be weakened. If the width of the ventilation portion 47 is too narrow (or the area is too small), if sufficient ventilation from the underlying concrete cannot be secured, if it cannot pass over the gas intake ventilation sheet 31, the gas intake ventilation sheet 31 In some cases, the gas may not be sufficiently taken into the concrete.

The area ratio of the lower surface of the ventilation portion 47 to the entire lower surface of the waterproof lower layer structure 41 is preferably 5 to 50% because if it is too small, the air permeability becomes low, and if it is too large, the adhesiveness to the base concrete 11 becomes low. 7 to 45% is more preferable, and 10 to 40% is particularly preferable.

The preferred range of the pitch (average period) of the ventilation portion 47 is a range that can be calculated from the size of the adhesive layer 45, the size of the ventilation portion 47, the area ratio, and the like. Specifically, 14 mm to 86 mm is preferable, 18 mm to 66 mm is more preferable, and 20 mm to 45 mm is particularly preferable.
If the pitch of the ventilation portion 47 is too coarse, there may be a place where sufficient ventilation cannot be ensured, or the gas intake without providing the waterproof lower layer structure 41 so as to pass over the gas intake ventilation sheet 31 described above. Gas may not be taken into the intake ventilation sheet 31. Further, when the gas flow connecting sheet 71 is used for joining the waterproof lower layer structures 41 to each other (described later), the gas flow without providing the waterproof lower layer structure 41 so as to pass over the gas flow connecting sheet 71. Gas may not be taken into the connecting sheet 71.
On the other hand, if the pitch of the ventilation portion 47 is too fine, the manufacturing cost becomes too high, or the adhesive layer 45 is shredded and the width of the adhesive layer 45 cannot be sufficiently secured, so that the adhesiveness to the substrate is not sufficient. is there.

<< Waterproof lower layer >>
In the coating film waterproofing method, it is necessary to apply two layers because the pinholes penetrating the one-layer waterproof layer may deteriorate the waterproof property. The waterproof lower layer 42 of the waterproof lower layer structure 41 of the present invention forms a "waterproof full layer 52 composed of two layers" together with the waterproof upper layer 51 (see FIG. 2) to improve waterproofness. Since the waterproof lower layer structure 41 is usually manufactured in a factory, there are no pinholes (although it is extremely small), but the waterproof lower layer 42 of the waterproof lower layer structure 41 is "applied after laying the waterproof lower layer structure 41, etc." In combination with the provided waterproof upper layer 51 ", a" two-layer coating film "is formed, and the waterproof property is improved both in a regulated manner and substantially.

The material of the waterproof lower layer 42 is not particularly limited as long as it has waterproofness, mechanical strength, durability over time, etc., but the coating film material used in the coating film waterproofing method is preferably used. Specifically, for example, urethane waterproofing agents, urea waterproofing agents and the like can be preferably used. A urethane waterproofing agent is particularly preferable.

The thickness of the waterproof lower layer 42 is determined in consideration of mechanical strength, durability over time, etc. because pinholes cannot be formed and it is excellent in waterproofness. However, it is preferably 0.1 mm or more and 5 mm or less, and 0.2 mm or more and 4 mm or less. Is more preferable, 0.4 mm or more and 3 mm or less is further preferable, and 0.7 mm or more and 2 mm or less is particularly preferable.
If it is too thin, the waterproof performance may be inferior as described above, and if it is too thick, it may be difficult to lay the waterproof lower layer structure 41, or the thickness may be wasted and it may be disadvantageous in terms of cost. There is.

<< Release paper pattern >>
The material of the base material of the release paper 48 is not limited to paper, and examples thereof include paper; plastic films such as polyethylene, polypropylene, poly (meth) acrylate, and polyester; cloth; and the like. Paper is preferable from the viewpoint of coatability and cost of the release agent, but plastic film is preferable from the viewpoint of thinning.
The material of the release layer of the release paper 48 is not particularly limited, but a silicone resin is preferable from the viewpoint of releasability.

The thickness of the paper pattern 48 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 10 μm to 150 μm, more preferably 15 μm to 100 μm, and particularly preferably 20 μm to 70 μm.
If the thickness of the release paper 48 is too thin, the release paper 48 may be cut in the middle of being peeled off to reduce workability, or the release paper 48 may be torn into small pieces and remain at the work site.
On the other hand, if it is too thick, it may be wasted, or the diameter of the waterproof lower layer structure 41 may become unnecessarily large when it is rolled into a roll shape.

<< Manufacturing of waterproof underlayer structure and morphology of edges >>
The method for producing the waterproof lower layer structure is not particularly limited, and a known method can be used.
For example, it is preferable that the waterproof lower layer 42 is applied onto the ventilation base material layer 44 using a coating machine such as a curtain coater, a spray coater, or a roll coater, and then dried and cured. Further, a method of attaching the waterproof lower layer 42 and the breathable base material layer 44 which have been made into a sheet in advance can also be mentioned.

Further, it is preferable to apply the adhesive layer 45 to the surface of the ventilation base material layer 44 by using a coating machine, a transfer machine or the like. Regarding the application of the adhesive layer 45, it is necessary to provide a portion without the adhesive layer 45 and use it as a ventilation portion 47.

After manufacturing a plurality of waterproof lower layer structures 41 continuously in the longitudinal direction of the waterproof lower layer structure 41, the obtained long waterproof lower layer structure 41 is preferably used as the length in the longitudinal direction. From the viewpoint of production efficiency, a manufacturing method in which the material is cut in the width direction is preferable.
In this case, the end portion of the cut surface in the "width direction (short direction) of the waterproof lower layer structure" is cut straight substantially vertically, and the ventilation base material layer 44 or the waterproof lower layer 42 is cut at the cut surface of the end portion. A structure in which one of the above is overhanging from the other or a structure in which one of the above is cut with an inclination is extremely difficult to manufacture or leads to an increase in cost.

On the other hand, the end portion in the "longitudinal direction of the waterproof lower layer structure" has a large processing width and can be easily manufactured even in a form other than a form in which the structure is cut straight in a substantially vertical direction.
For example, as shown in FIG. 16, it is possible to manufacture a structure in which the "ventilated base material layer 44 and the adhesive layer 45" project from the waterproof lower layer 42 on the cut surface at the end in the longitudinal direction.

As will be described later, the end portion of the waterproof lower layer structure 41 in the longitudinal direction has a large processing width as described above, and therefore, it is possible to carry out construction in which the waterproofness of the joint portion is ensured while having breathability.
However, the end portion of the waterproof lower layer structure 41 in the width direction (short direction) has a small processing width as described above, and usually has no choice but to be cut straight substantially vertically. Therefore, it is impossible to ensure the waterproofness of the joint portion while maintaining the breathability of the joint portion, or it is extremely difficult to perform the construction at the construction site.

In the joint of the end in the width direction (short direction) that is cut almost vertically straight, even if waterproofness and joint strength are secured at the expense of breathability, the waterproof method of the present invention should be used. For example, by using the joint 12, the covering tape 21, the gas intake ventilation sheet 31, etc., the gas can be satisfactorily guided to the de-cylinder 53, and the peeling / swelling of the waterproof coating film can be avoided.
That is, the gas flow is blocked by injecting a coating film waterproofing material, a sealant, etc. into the joint portion (distance portion 61 between the ends) of the end portion in the width direction (short direction) with priority given to waterproofness. Even if it does, the gas can reach the gas intake ventilation sheet without any problem, and can reach the de-cylinder 53 from there via the joint 12 having a sufficiently large cross-sectional area.

<Joining the ends of the waterproof lower layer structure in the width direction (short direction)>
In the waterproof construction method of the present invention, the waterproof lower layer structure 41 and the waterproof lower layer structure 41 extending from the waterproof lower layer structure 41 are fixed to "the upper part of the base concrete 11 and the covering tape 21", and then the waterproof lower layer structures 41 are connected to each other. It is preferable to inject a coating film waterproofing material or a sealant 62 into the interval portions 61 to be formed and join them without gaps.
As a result, the waterproof lower layer structures 41 can be firmly joined to each other, and the waterproofness and joining strength of the joined portion are improved.

FIG. 15 shows a preferable form of joining (joining the extended portion) of the waterproof lower layer structure 41 in the lateral direction (width direction). FIG. 15 is an end view of the KK'arrow-view cut portion in FIG. 1 (b).
As shown in FIG. 15, when the waterproof lower layer structure 41 is extended, the interval portion between the widthwise end portion of the waterproof lower layer structure 41 and the width direction end portion of the “waterproof lower layer structure to be extended” is provided. It is preferable to inject a coating film waterproofing material or a sealant 62 into 61 to bond the coating film waterproof layers without gaps in order to increase the bonding strength and waterproofness, but then the interval portion (joining portion) 61. Blocks the horizontal passage of gas.
As shown in FIG. 15, the end portion of the waterproof lower layer structure 41 in the width direction must be cut substantially vertically due to the ease of manufacturing method, and therefore, the space portion (joint portion) 61 provides air permeability. It is extremely difficult to ensure waterproofness while ensuring it. Therefore, in the joining in the lateral direction (width direction) (joining of the extended portion), the interval portion (joining portion) 61 may have to ensure waterproofness at the expense of air permeability.
As shown in FIG. 18 as an example of joining in the longitudinal direction, even in the joining in the lateral direction (width direction) (joining of the extended portion), the gas flow connection described later is connected to the interval portion (joining portion) 61. It is preferable to use the sheet 71 in order to further secure the air permeability.

The interval of the interval portion 61 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 mm or more and 20 mm or less, more preferably 1.5 mm or more and 10 mm or less, further preferably 2 mm or more and 7 mm or less, and 3 mm or more. It is particularly preferably 5 mm or less.
When it is at least the above lower limit, the coating film waterproofing material or the sealant 62 can be easily injected, and the bonding strength is excellent. When it is not more than the above upper limit, the coating film waterproofing material or the sealant 62 can be easily injected and is not wasted, and the smoothness of the joint portion can be obtained.
The base concrete 11 may have irregularities or undulations, and in that case, the interval may differ depending on the location in the width direction. However, it is sufficient that somewhere in the width direction falls within the above range, and the above effect can be obtained. It is suitable to play.

As shown in FIG. 15A, if necessary, the release paper 48 is peeled off, and first, the waterproof lower layer structure 41 and the waterproof lower layer structure 41 extending next to the waterproof lower layer structure 41 are provided with an interval portion 61. Align the cross sections in the width direction (short direction). By pushing from above, the waterproof lower layer structure 41 is brought into close contact with the underlying concrete 11 by utilizing the adhesiveness of the adhesive layer 45.

Next, as shown in FIG. 15 (b), a joint tape is attached, and as shown in FIG. 15 (c), a coating film waterproofing material or a sealant 62 is applied or injected into the interval portion 61 and spread. The provided waterproof lower layer structures 41 are joined to each other to give mechanical joining strength and waterproofness to the joined portion. In the coating film waterproofing method, the coating film waterproofing material used here is preferably a coating film waterproofing material for standing up (for a substantially vertical surface) because its viscosity is moderately high.
In addition, the "sealant" here is not limited to what is sold as a so-called "sealant", and if it fills scratches, gaps, intervals, spaces, etc., the "sealant" here. include.

Although the process of attaching the joint tape 63 is described in FIG. 15, the use of the joint tape 63 is not an essential requirement in the present invention. As the joint tape 63, known ones can be used, but those having elasticity in the width direction are particularly preferable.
Further, the base material of the joint tape 63 has a mesh shape, and the paint of the waterproof upper layer moves downward from the mesh and is injected into the surface of the waterproof lower layer 42 of the waterproof lower layer structure 41 and the interval portion. It is also preferable that the coating film waterproof material or the sealant 62 is reached to further improve the adhesion.

<Joining the longitudinal ends of the waterproof underlayer structure>
Regarding the shape of the end portion in the longitudinal direction of the waterproof lower layer structure 41, since the processable range in the manufacturing factory of the waterproof lower layer structure 41 is wide (because it can be made into various forms), the end portion in the longitudinal direction Breathability can be ensured as well as waterproofness between each other.
For example, as shown in FIG. 1 (b), if the length of the gas intake ventilation sheet 31 is 3 m or more, preferably longer than 3 m (for example, 8 m in FIG. 1 (b)), even if " By injecting a sealant or the like into the joint portion in the lateral direction (width direction), that is, the interval portion 61 ", even if the gas flow G is blocked at the joint portion, the waterproof lower layer structure 41 in the adjacent row is always used. The gas flows in (the flow G of the gas is secured), and the gas (pressure) reaches the gas intake ventilation sheet 31 described above, can reach a sufficiently wide joint 12, and can escape from the de-cylinder 53 to the outside air. It is possible.

The ((particularly) preferable) spacing between the waterproof lower layer structures 41 in the longitudinal direction is the same as the ((particularly) preferable) spacing in the lateral (width) spacing portion 61 described above.

<< A form in which a breathable base material layer projects from the waterproof lower layer at the end in the longitudinal direction (Fig. 16) >>
FIG. 16 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an example of a method of joining the end portions of the waterproof lower layer structure 41 in the longitudinal direction. FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line LL'in FIG. 1 (b).
From the stage of bringing the waterproof underlayer structure 41 to the construction site, regarding the form of the end portion in the longitudinal direction, "mechanical joint strength, waterproofness of the joint portion" and "horizontal (horizontal) breathability at the joint portion". The waterproof lower layer structure 41 having such a function is preferable because it can be processed so as to achieve both.

In FIG. 16, the breathable base material layer 44 and the adhesive layer 45 project from the waterproof lower layer 42. It is preferable to perform waterproof construction on site using such a waterproof lower layer structure 41. The length of the overhanging portion is not particularly limited, but is preferably 30 mm or more and 70 mm or less on one side, and particularly preferably 40 mm or more and 60 mm or less.
Speaking only of joining in the longitudinal direction, first, if necessary, the surface of the base concrete 11 is primed, and the waterproof underlayer structure 41 is laid side by side. At that time, neither the coating film waterproofing material nor the sealant is injected (substantially injected) between the ventilation base material layers 44 so as to hinder the air permeability between them, but simply arranged (preferably "adhesion"). Or "don't attach") is preferable.

Next, in order to increase the joint strength between the breathable base material layers 44 and avoid injection (inflow) into the gap portion of the coating film waterproof material or the sealant 62, the joint tape 63 is used to fix the material from above the joint.
The joint tape 63 is not limited, but preferably has elasticity in the width direction. The width of the joint tape 63 is not particularly limited, but is preferably 30 mm or more and 70 mm or less, and particularly preferably 40 mm or more and 60 mm or less.

After that, the coating film waterproofing material or the sealant 62 is injected into the space created by the two adjacent waterproof lower layers 42 above the waterproof lower layers 42 to fix the waterproof lower layers 42 to each other, that is, the waterproof lower layer structures 41 to each other. The width of the "space created by the two adjacent waterproof lower layers 42" is usually twice the above-mentioned "length of the (preferably) overhanging portion".
By doing so, with respect to the longitudinal end of the waterproof lower layer structure 41, "mechanical joint strength, waterproofness of the joint" and "horizontal (horizontal) air permeability at the joint" are obtained. It is compatible.

<< Form using gas flow connection sheet (Figs. 17-19) >>
17 to 19 show a more preferable mode for joining the ends of the waterproof lower layer structure in the longitudinal direction, that is, a mode using a gas flow connecting sheet.
FIG. 17A is a cross-sectional view showing the layer structure of the gas flow connecting sheet 71, and the upper side of FIG. 17A is the upper side when actually used, and the “adhesive layer 45 of the waterproof lower layer structure 41” is shown. , Which is the side that sticks from below. FIG. 17B is a plan view of the gas flow connection sheet 71 when viewed from above.

As shown in FIG. 17A, the gas flow connecting sheet 71 has an adhesive layer 73 for the gas flow connecting sheet under the ventilation base layer 72 for the gas flow connecting sheet, and the adhesive layer 73 for the gas flow connecting sheet is used. The gas flow connecting sheet 71 is attached to the base concrete on (surface) by the adhesive layer 73 for the gas flow connecting sheet.
The gas flow connecting sheet 71 is usually provided with a release sheet on the entire surface in order to protect the adhesive layer 73 for the gas flow connecting sheet (not shown), and is peeled off at the time of use. Paste on the surface of the base concrete.

On the ventilation base layer 72 for the gas flow connection sheet, the "coating waterproof material or sealant 62 to be injected after laying the waterproof lower layer structure 41" soaks into the ventilation base layer 72 for the gas flow connection sheet. A shielding film 74 for the gas flow connecting sheet is attached so as to cross the gas flow connecting sheet 71 at the substantially central portion of the gas flow connecting sheet 71 so as not to be crowded and impede its air permeability (FIG. 17 (FIG. 17). b)).

The shape of the gas flow connecting sheet 71 is not particularly limited, but is preferably rectangular. The size is not particularly limited, but the length or width is preferably 8 cm or more and 25 cm or less, more preferably 10 cm or more and 20 cm or less, and particularly preferably 12 cm or more and 18 cm or less. When the shape of the gas flow connecting sheet 71 is an ellipse (not a rectangle) and the length and width cannot be clearly defined, the size thereof conforms to the above range.

If the gas flow connecting sheet 71 is too small, the gas flow between the waterproof lower layer structures in parallel in the longitudinal direction of the waterproof lower layer structure 41 becomes poor, that is, the ventilation base layer 44s have a sufficient volume. It may be difficult to combine with the breathable material that you have.
Further, when the pitch (average period) of the ventilation portion 47 of the waterproof lower layer structure 41 is relatively large and the gas flow connection sheet 71 is difficult to be positioned under the ventilation portion 47, that is, the gas flow connection sheet. Even if the 71 wants to take in gas downward from the ventilation portion 47, the gas flow connection sheet 71 may not exist (cannot be) under the ventilation portion 47.

FIG. 19 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an example of (longitudinal) joining of parallel waterproof underlayer structures using a gas flow connecting sheet 71. For example, in FIG. 19, the right side of the interval portion is 2 Gas is taken into the gas flow connection sheet 71 from the ventilation portion 47 of the book, and gas is taken in from one ventilation portion 47 on the left side.

On the other hand, if the gas flow connecting sheet 71 is too large, the large portion may be wasted.

Basis weight of the gas flow connecting sheet ventilation base layer 72 is ^preferably from ^{50g / m 2 ~200g / m 2} , more preferably ^{60g / m 2 ~150g / m 2} , 80g / m 2 ~100g / m 2 is Especially preferable.
By setting the basis weight in the above range, sufficient air permeability (gas flowability), strength and the like can be obtained.

The shape of the shielding film 74 for the gas flow connecting sheet is not limited, but is preferably rectangular. The size of the longer one is preferably equal to the length or width of the gas flow connecting sheet 71, and the shorter one (width) is preferably 4 cm or more and 13 cm or less, and more preferably 5 cm or more and 10 cm or less. It is preferable, and 6 cm or more and 9 cm or less are particularly preferable.
Further, one of the shorter side of the shielding film 74 for the gas flow connecting sheet is preferably 1/4 to 3/4 of the length or width of the gas flow connecting sheet 71, and particularly preferably 1/3 to 2/3. .. In FIG. 17B, the length (ratio) is about 1/3.

If one of the short shield films 74 for the gas flow connecting sheet is too short (if the width is too narrow), the waterproof coating material or the sealant 62 may penetrate into the ventilation base layer 72 for the gas flow connecting sheet. Yes, if it is too long (if the width is too thick), the area of the exposed portion of the ventilation base layer 72 for the gas flow connecting sheet is relatively reduced, and the size of the gas flow connecting sheet 71 is too small as described above. May occur, making it difficult for gas to be taken down from the waterproof underlayer structure.

The thickness and material of the shielding film 74 for the gas flow connecting sheet are not particularly limited as long as they do not pass through the coating film waterproofing material or the sealant 62.

When the gas flow connecting sheet 71 is used, as shown in FIGS. 18 and 19 (a), the shielding film 74 for the gas flow connecting sheet is placed under the gap portion in the longitudinal direction of the waterproof lower layer structure. The release sheet (not shown) is peeled off so as to be parallel to, and the gas flow connecting sheet 71 is placed on the base concrete 11.
As described above, the gap portion 61 in the lateral direction (width direction) of the waterproof lower layer structure may be injected with the waterproof coating material or the sealant 61 without using the gas flow connecting sheet 71. As shown in FIG. 18, the gas flow connecting sheet 71 is also arranged at the interval portion 61 in the lateral direction (width direction) of the waterproof lower layer structure, and the interval portion 61 in the lateral direction (width direction) is also arranged. Gas permeability may be ensured.

After arranging the gas flow connecting sheet 71 and the waterproof lower layer structure 41 as shown in FIG. 19 (a), the joint tape 63 is attached as shown in FIGS. 19 (b), (c) and (d). (FIG. 19 (b)), the coating film waterproofing material or the sealant 62 is injected (FIG. 19 (c)), and the waterproof upper layer 51 is applied (FIG. 19 (d)). It is also preferable that the joining in the lateral direction (width direction) as shown in FIG. 15 and the joining in the longitudinal direction as shown in FIG. 19 are the same.
It is preferable that the joint tape 63 has a mesh shape so that the coating film waterproofing material or the sealant 62 can be poured downward with a spatula or the like from the mesh.

By using the gas flow connecting sheet 71 in this way, with respect to the longitudinal end of the waterproof lower layer structure 41, "mechanical joint strength, waterproofness of the joint" and "horizontal (horizontal) at the joint". "Breathability in the direction" can be compatible.

<Formation of waterproof upper layer, etc.>
After laying the waterproof lower layer structure 41, the waterproof upper layer 51 is provided on the waterproof lower layer structure 41. That is, the waterproof upper layer 51 is applied by applying the waterproof upper layer coating material to the upper surface of the waterproof lower layer 42 of the waterproof lower layer structure 41 including the upper surface of the coating film waterproofing material or the sealant 62 injected as described above. It is preferable to form them seamlessly. Regarding the vicinity of the end portion of the waterproof lower layer structure 41, the width direction (short direction) is shown in FIGS. 15 (d) and 19 (d), and the longitudinal direction is shown in FIGS. 16 and 19 (d).

As a result, the joint portion can be finished as a unit, and excellent waterproofness can be obtained. In addition, the lack of reliability (disadvantages of the sheet waterproofing method) regarding the joint portion of the sheet waterproofing method is eliminated (it does not appear). The presence of the seamless layer increases the reliability (in terms of waterproofness) of the "waterproof full layer 52 composed of the waterproof lower layer 42 and the waterproof upper layer 51".

The material of the coating film waterproofing material is not particularly limited, and known materials are used. Specifically, for example, urethane waterproofing agents, urea waterproofing agents and the like can be preferably used. A urethane waterproofing agent is particularly preferable.
The method for applying the coating film waterproofing material is also not particularly limited, and a known method is used. Specific examples thereof include spray coating, roll coating, and brush coating.

The total layer thickness of the waterproof lower layer 42 of the waterproof lower layer structure 41 and the "waterproof upper layer 51 formed by applying the waterproof upper layer coating material from above the waterproof lower layer 42" (that is, the layer thickness of the entire waterproof layer) is Although not particularly limited, it is preferably 1 mm or more and 7 mm or less, more preferably 1.5 mm or more and 6 mm or less, and particularly preferably 1.8 mm or more and 5 mm or less. Within this range, waterproofness is ensured and no material is wasted.
Another aspect of the present invention is obtained by using the above-mentioned waterproofing method, and is formed by applying the waterproof lower layer 42 of the waterproof lower layer structure 41 and the waterproof upper layer coating material to the waterproof upper layer 51. It is a waterproof all-layer 52 having and.

After that, it is preferable to further provide a top coat layer on the waterproof upper layer 51 (not shown). The top coat layer can protect the waterproof upper layer 51 and the waterproof all layers 52 from deterioration due to ultraviolet rays, wind and rain, mechanical impact, and the like. Further, it is preferable to provide it from the viewpoint of non-slip, designability and the like.
The form, film thickness, material, etc. of the top coat layer are not particularly limited, and known ones can be used.

<How to repair the waterproof layer>
Another aspect of the present invention is a method for repairing a waterproof layer, wherein the base concrete 11 is a pressing concrete, and the waterproofing method is used for the pressing concrete. The waterproofing method is preferably used at the time of repair.
That is, after covering the upper part of the joint 12 of the base concrete (pressing concrete) 11 with the covering tape 21, the gas intake ventilation sheet 31 is placed in the predetermined place, and then the base concrete 11 and the covering tape 21 are placed. A method of repairing a waterproof layer in which a waterproof lower layer structure 41 is provided on the upper part of the concrete and a coating film waterproof material is applied from above is preferable.

<Cylinder removal>
As described above, in order to prevent the coating film waterproof layer 51 from rising (swelling) and to discharge the gas vertically (to the atmosphere), the de-cylinder 53 is installed in places on the coating film waterproof layer 51. Is obligatory. For example, in Japan, it is obligatory to install one or ^two in 100m ^{2 according} to the "Building Work Standard Specification JASS 8 Waterproofing Work". The de-cylinder 53 usually has a height of several tens of centimeters.
However, the degassing ability greatly differs depending on the installation (arrangement) location, and local lifting (swelling) occurs depending on the installation location of the de-cylinder 53.
In addition, since a plurality of de-cylinder 53s are provided in the middle of the rooftop or the like, there are problems in walking, impairing the appearance, and safety (especially on a rooftop with snow, the de-cylinders 53 are injured. ) And other problems.

According to the present invention, even if the de-cylinder 53 is installed only in the rising portion 13 such as "near the wall surface which is the end of the joint 12", the degassing effect (the effect of preventing floating (swelling)) is exhibited. It does not interfere with walking, does not spoil the appearance, and solves safety problems.
Needless to say, in the present invention, the de-cylinder 53 may be installed in the middle of, for example, a rooftop (for example, ^two in 100 m ² ) as described above. In that case, the degassing effect, that is, the floating (swelling) prevention effect is further enhanced as compared with the conventional method.

Examples of cylinder removal 53 are shown in FIGS. 7, 9 and 14. When installing the de-cylinder 53, the number (frequency, density) of the de-cylinder 53 is not particularly limited, and 1-2 in 100 m ² so as to meet the standard of "Building work standard specifications JASS 8 waterproof work". By installing the individual pieces, the deaeration effect (the effect of preventing floating (swelling)) is further enhanced.
According to the present invention, technically, if joint 12 is continuously ^connected, even one per area in the range of 100 m 2 to 500m ^2, even 1 per area in the range of 200 meters ² to 1000 m ² However, the degassing effect (floating (swelling) waterproofing effect) can be sufficiently achieved. According to the present invention, it is technically possible to reduce the number (frequency, density) of the de-cylinders 53 installed from the above-mentioned regulations in Japan.

Further, according to the waterproofing method of the present invention, the number of de-cylinders 53 is reduced when waterproofing an elongated floor roof or, for example, a "floor roof having a narrowed portion 14" as shown in FIG. be able to. FIG. 14A is an example of the waterproofing method of the present invention, and FIG. 14B is an example of the conventional waterproofing method.
In both FIGS. 14 (a) and 14 (b), one or two de-cylinders 53 are installed in 100 m ² so as to meet the criteria of JASS 8. However, in the conventional construction method, in order to obtain a sufficient degassing effect (floating (swelling) prevention effect), in the case of a floor surface having a narrowed portion 14, one is removed on each of the left and right sides, for a total of two degassing. It was necessary to install the cylinder 53 (FIG. 14 (b)).
However, in the case of the waterproofing method of the present invention, gas freely (without pressure) passes through the joint 12 existing in the narrowed portion 14, so it is sufficient to install the de-cylinder 53 on only one of them. The effect of degassing (effect of preventing floating (swelling)) can be obtained (FIG. 14 (a)).

As described above, according to the waterproofing method of the present invention, the number of cylinder removal 53s to be installed can be reduced, so that problems in walking and appearance are eliminated and safety is improved.

<Gas flow>
The gas generated from the concrete is taken into the ventilation base layer 44 from the ventilation portion 47 as shown in FIG. 2, and as shown in FIG. 1 (b), the ventilation base layer 44 of the waterproof lower layer structure 41 is horizontal. It moves in the (horizontal) direction and reaches the gas intake ventilation sheet 31.
In the vicinity of the gas intake ventilation sheet 31, as shown in FIG. 7, the gas taken into the gas intake ventilation sheet 31 passes under the gas intake ventilation sheet 31 and / or the gas intake ventilation sheet 31. It flows through the hole 32, through the covering tape ventilation hole 25, and into the joint 12.

The gas that has flowed into the joint 12 having an overwhelmingly large volume (cross-sectional area) as compared with the ventilation portion 47 of the waterproof lower layer structure 41 and the ventilation base material layer 44 does not cause a pressure increase due to the gas, and is preferable. It is discharged into the atmosphere from a cylinder removal 53 provided at a rising portion 13 such as "near the wall surface at the end of the joint 12".

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples, but the present invention is not limited to these Examples as long as the gist thereof is not exceeded.

Example 1
An experiment was conducted to confirm the suppression of floating (swelling) with the accelerated experimental device shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 9A, four rectangular parallelepiped boxes having a length of 49 cm, a width of 14 cm, and a height of 3 cm were arranged so that 2 cm joints were formed at right angles.
Ten holes with a diameter of 5 mm were drilled at approximately equal distances on the upper surface of one box (lower right in FIG. 9). Further, a hose was introduced into one box (lower right in FIG. 9) so that air imitating a gas such as water vapor generated from concrete was introduced.
Next, in FIG. 9, an air guide tape and a cylinder removal 53 were installed at the end (rising portion) 13 of the innermost joint.

As shown in FIG. 9B, the upper part of the joint 12 is covered with a covering tape 21, one plate-shaped member 23 is removed from the covering tape 21, and the periphery thereof is incised using a cutter to cover the tape. A ventilation hole 25 was provided. The size of the covering tape vent hole 25 was a rectangle with a long side of 7.5 cm and a short side of 1.5 cm.
The covering tape 21 used here is of the type of the covering tape A described above, and is as follows in detail.

As the plate-shaped member 23, a galvalume (registered trademark) steel plate having a short side of 10 mm, a long side of 70 mm, and a thickness of 0.35 mm is attached to a covering tape base material 24 made of a PET film having a width of 100 mm and a thickness of 0.05 mm. Was used to paste them side by side with an interval of 7 mm.
Next, as the covering tape adhesive layer 22, a butyl rubber-based adhesive having a width of 100 mm and a thickness of 0.35 mm was attached from above to prepare a covering tape 21 as shown in a schematic cross section in FIG.
Further, a release tape having a width of 100 mm was attached from above, and the tape was wound into a roll to form a cover sheet material roll. From there, only 49 cm was cut out and used.

Next, as shown in FIG. 9 (c), a gas intake ventilation sheet 31 having a gas intake ventilation sheet hole 32 having a diameter of 10 cm and a diameter of 2 cm at the center is formed directly above the cover tape ventilation hole 25. placed.
The gas intake ventilation sheet 31 used here is a non-woven fabric having a thickness of 0.5 mm and made of a material polyester, to which an adhesive is applied to one side.

Next, as shown in FIG. 9D, the waterproof lower layer structure 41 was provided.
The waterproof lower layer structure 41 used had an adhesive layer 45 with a thickness of 0.35 mm, a breathable base material layer 44 with a thickness of 0.70 mm, and a waterproof lower layer 42 with a thickness of 1.5 mm. Therefore, the thickness of the entire waterproof lower layer structure 41 excluding the paper pattern 48 was 2.55 mm.
Further, the adhesive layer 45 is rubber, the breathable base layer 44, a nonwoven fabric of a material of polyester, basis weight was of ^{100g / m 2 ~120g / m 2} .

The adhesive layer 45 is provided on the surface of the ventilation base material layer 44 in a band shape parallel to the longitudinal direction, the width of the adhesive layer 45 is 30 mm, and the "ventilation portion" between the bands of the two adhesive layers 45 is provided. The width of the portion forming the 47 (the width of the strip-shaped portion on which the adhesive layer 45 is not provided) was 5 mm.

Next, as shown in FIG. 9 (e), "Cosmic PRO12" (registered trademark) manufactured by Daiflex Co., Ltd. was used as the upper layer coating film waterproofing material, and spray coating was performed and cured to obtain an average film thickness of 1.5 mm. The waterproof upper layer 51 was formed.
Therefore, the total thickness of the waterproof lower layer 42 and the waterproof upper layer 51 provided in the waterproof lower layer structure 41 (thickness of the entire waterproof layer 52) was 3.0 mm.

Air was introduced from the hose introduced in the lower right box of FIG. 9, and this air was released into the atmosphere from the de-cylinder 53 through the joint 12 without resistance (without increase in pressure).
The flow rate of the accelerated experimental device per unit time is usually about 10,000 times or more the rate of generation of gas such as water vapor generated from concrete, and the difference between this test area and the actual construction surface area is taken into consideration. However, it was shown that the waterproof construction method of the present invention is effective.
Further, during the test, no floating (swelling) was observed on the upper surface of the waterproof upper layer 51, that is, the waterproof full layer 52.

Example 2
The test was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the covering tape 21 used in Example 1 was replaced with a commercially available covering tape (“Mejikeeper” (registered trademark) manufactured by Hide Company Co., Ltd.). Similar results were obtained.
That is, the introduced air is released into the atmosphere from the de-cylinder 53 through the joint 12 without resistance (without an increase in pressure), and floats (swells) on the upper surface of the waterproof upper layer 51, that is, the waterproof full layer 52 during the test. ) Was not seen at all.

Example 3
Instead of replacing the covering tape 21 used in Example 1 with "Mejifit" (registered trademark) manufactured by Taisei Co., Ltd. and opening the covering tape ventilation holes 25, one 1.5 cm wide covering tape gap 27 is used. When the test was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the place was provided, the same result as in Example 1 was obtained.
That is, the introduced air is released into the atmosphere from the de-cylinder 53 through the joint 12 without resistance (without an increase in pressure), and floats (swells) on the upper surface of the waterproof upper layer 51, that is, the waterproof full layer 52 during the test. ) Was not seen.

Example 4
The test was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the gas intake ventilation sheet 31 used in Example 1 was changed to one without the gas intake ventilation sheet hole 32.
The introduced air had a slight increase in resistance as compared with Example 1, but was released into the atmosphere from the de-cylinder 53 through the joint 12 with almost no resistance (no increase in pressure), and was waterproofed by the present invention. It was shown that the construction method is effective.
Further, during the test, no floating (swelling) was observed on the upper surface of the waterproof upper layer 51, that is, the waterproof full layer 52.

Comparative Example 1
When the test was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the cover tape ventilation hole 25 was not provided and therefore the gas intake ventilation sheet 31 was not provided, the air sent in had resistance (the pressure increased). It did not flow into the lower right box. No air was released into the atmosphere from the de-cylinder 53 through the joint 12.
When air was forcibly blown in, swelling was observed on the upper surface of the waterproof upper layer 51, that is, on the waterproof all-layer 52.

Comparative Example 2
In Example 1, the covering tape ventilation hole 25 was provided, but the test was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the gas intake ventilation sheet 31 was not provided on the cover tape ventilation hole 25, and it was better than Comparative Example 1. , The air sent in did not flow into the lower right box due to resistance (due to increased pressure). Most of the air was not released into the atmosphere from the de-cylinder 53 through the joint 12.
When air was forcibly blown in, swelling was observed on the upper surface of the waterproof upper layer 51, that is, on the waterproof all-layer 52.

Example 5
The waterproofing method of the present invention was used for the actual rooftop waterproofing repair work.
<Day 1>
On the rooftop having the holding concrete and the joint 12 shown in FIG. 10, the joint material is removed from the joint 12, and the joint 12 is covered with a covering tape 21 in the same manner as in the first embodiment, and is shown in FIG. 13 (b). At the position of the joint, one plate-shaped member was removed, a covering tape ventilation hole was provided, and a gas intake ventilation sheet 31 having a gas intake ventilation sheet hole was placed on the covering tape ventilation hole. The position of the gas intake ventilation sheet 31 is as shown in FIG. 13 (b).

Next, the same waterproof lower layer structure 41 as in Example 1 was extended with the ends in the lateral direction (width direction) separated from each other by 3 mm to 5 mm (with an average interval of 4 mm). That is, the interval of the interval portion 61 was set to 4 mm on average. The joint tape 63 as shown in FIGS. 15 (c) and 15 (d) was not used for the joint portion of the end portion in the lateral direction (width direction).

The longitudinal direction of the waterproof lower layer structure 41 was joined as shown in FIG. The length of the "overhanging portion of the ventilation base layer 44", which has the ventilation base layer 44 but not the waterproof lower layer 42, was set to 50 mm on one side in advance in the factory and manufactured. Therefore, the width of the "space created by the two adjacent waterproof lower layers 42" was 100 mm.
Then, as shown in FIG. 16, it was fixed with a joint tape 63 having a width of 50 mm.

In the space 61 in the lateral direction (width direction) and the "space created by the two adjacent waterproof lower layers 42" in the longitudinal direction, use a "coating film waterproof paint for rising" and a rubber spatula or the like. And injected to fill the space.

Then, on the same day, the same upper layer coating film waterproofing material (manufactured by Daiflex Co., Ltd., "Cosmic PRO12" (registered trademark)) as in Example 1 was used, and the average film thickness was 1.5 mm as in Example 1. The waterproof upper layer 51 was formed.
Therefore, the total thickness of the waterproof lower layer 42 and the waterproof upper layer 51 provided in the waterproof lower layer structure 41 (thickness of the entire waterproof layer 52) was 3.0 mm.

<Day 2>
At night from the first day to the second day, the upper layer coating film waterproofing material was sufficiently cured to form the waterproof upper layer 51.

A top coat layer (Cosmic Top S manufactured by Daiflex Co., Ltd.) was provided on the waterproof upper layer 51 with a film thickness of 160 μm.
After that, by leaving it to stand, the top coat layer was also cured after 12 hours, and the waterproof construction method was completed in a total of 2 days (waterproof construction was completed).

Comparative Example 3
The conventional coating film waterproofing method was used.
<Day 1>
A covering tape 21 is provided in the same manner as in the first embodiment, a ventilation buffer sheet (manufactured by Daiflex Co., Ltd., trade name "CA mat SB") is provided on the covering tape 21, and the lower layer (first layer) in the coating film waterproofing method is carried out. In Example 1, it was formed to a thickness of 1.5 mm by using "Cosmic PRO12" (registered trademark) manufactured by Daiflex Co., Ltd., which is the same as that used as the waterproof material for the upper coating film.

<Day 2>
At night from the first day to the second day, the lower layer (first layer) in the coating film waterproofing method was cured.

Next, on the above-mentioned lower layer (first layer), the upper layer (second layer) in the coating film waterproofing method is the same as the upper layer coating film waterproofing material of Example 1 and the lower layer (first layer) of this Comparative Example 1. It was formed to a thickness of 1.5 mm using the above waterproof paint.

<Day 3>
At night from the second day to the third day, the upper layer (second layer) in the coating film waterproofing method was cured.

On the upper layer (second layer), the same top coat layer as in Example 5 was used and provided with the same thickness as in Example 5.
Then, by leaving it to stand, the top coat layer was also cured after 12 hours. The conventional coating film waterproofing method required a total of 3 days to complete (to complete the waterproofing work).

In the waterproofing method of the present invention, the joint 12 of the base concrete 11 is easily treated in a form that does not cause any problem in terms of appearance, function, and safety, and the gas generated from the base concrete is suitably released to the atmosphere. Therefore, a pressurized space cannot be created under the waterproof all-layer 52, and no floating, swelling, or tearing occurs. Further, it is sufficient to provide the de-cylinder 53 at the rising portion at the end such as the rooftop.
In addition, the construction period for waterproofing is short, which leads to cost reduction and allows the rooftop and the entire building to return to normal use in a short time, so it is widely used especially for repairing waterproof coatings on rooftops.

11 Base concrete 12 joints 13 Wall surface (rising part)
14 Thinned part 21 Covering tape 22 Covering tape adhesive layer 23 Plate-shaped member 24 Covering tape base material 25 Covering tape ventilation holes 26 Metal layer 27 Covering tape gap (covering tape expansion buffer gap)
28 Double-sided adhesive tape support layer 29 Double-sided adhesive tape Plate-shaped member side adhesive layer 31 Gas intake ventilation sheet 32 Gas intake ventilation sheet hole 33 Gas intake ventilation sheet cross section 41 Waterproof lower layer structure 42 Waterproof lower layer 44 Ventilation base layer 45 Adhesive layer 47 Ventilation part 48 Release paper 51 Waterproof upper layer 52 Waterproof full layer 53 De-cylinder 61 Spacing part 62 Coating waterproof material or sealant 63 Joint tape 71 Gas flow connection sheet 72 Ventilation base layer for gas flow connection sheet 73 Gas flow connection Adhesive layer for sheet 74 Shielding film for gas flow connection sheet P Release tape R Double-sided adhesive tape G Gas flow

Claims (17)

After covering the upper part of the joint of the base concrete with a covering tape, a waterproof lower layer having a layer thickness of 0.1 mm or more and 5 mm or less is previously formed on the base concrete and the upper part of the covering tape on a breathable base material layer. It is a waterproof construction method in which the concrete waterproof lower layer structure is laid and the upper layer coating film waterproof material is applied from above.
A gap between the covering tapes is provided only in a part of the covering tape existing in the upper part of the joint, and the gas intake ventilation sheet is placed on the part, and then the waterproof lower layer structure is laid. Waterproof construction method. A claim in which the waterproof lower layer structure is partially provided with the adhesive layer so as to secure a breathable ventilation portion by not providing the adhesive layer under the ventilation base material layer. Item 1. The waterproof construction method according to item 1. The waterproofing method according to claim 2, wherein the size of the gas intake ventilation sheet is set to a size at which the ventilation portion is always present in the portion of the waterproof lower layer structure that is in contact with the gas intake ventilation sheet from above. .. When a waterproof lower layer structure having ventilation portions having a width L parallel to each other is provided on the gas intake ventilation sheet, a claim to set the delivery length of the gas intake ventilation sheet to (L + D) or more. The waterproof construction method according to item 2 or claim 3. Any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the gas intake ventilation sheet has a gas intake ventilation sheet hole, and the gas intake ventilation sheet is placed so that the gas intake ventilation sheet hole is located on a joint. The waterproof construction method described in the claims. The waterproofing method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the de-cylinder is installed near the wall surface which is the end of the joint. The covering tape has, in order from the bottom, at least a covering tape adhesive layer, a member row in which a plurality of plate-shaped members or a plurality of linear members are arranged in parallel, and a covering tape base material.
The longest axis of the plate-shaped member or the linear member is substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the covering tape base material, and the plate-shaped members or the linear members are spaced from each other without contacting each other. The waterproofing method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the waterproofing method is opened and attached in parallel on the covering tape base material. The waterproofing method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the covering tape has at least a covering tape adhesive layer and a metal layer in this order from the bottom. The waterproofing method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the thickness of the gas intake ventilation sheet is 0.07 mm or more and 3 mm or less. The waterproofing method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the material of the gas intake ventilation sheet is made of non-woven fabric. After fixing the waterproof lower layer structure and the waterproof lower layer structure extending thereto to the upper part of the base concrete and the covering tape, a coating film waterproofing material or a sealant is injected into the gap portion formed between the waterproof lower layer structures. The waterproofing method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the waterproofing method is joined without a gap. The waterproofing method according to claim 11, wherein the interval between the interval portions is 1 mm or more and 20 mm or less. After laying the waterproof lower layer structure, the waterproof upper layer coating material is applied to the upper surface of the waterproof lower layer of the waterproof lower layer structure, including the top of the injected coating film waterproofing material or sealant, to obtain a waterproof upper layer. The waterproofing method according to claim 11 or 12, wherein the waterproof method is seamlessly formed. Any of claims 1 to 13 so that the total layer thickness of the waterproof lower layer of the waterproof lower layer structure and the waterproof upper layer formed by applying the waterproof upper layer coating material on the waterproof lower layer is 1 mm or more and 7 mm or less. The waterproof construction method described in the claim. The waterproofing method according to claim 13 or 14, wherein a topcoat layer is further formed on the waterproof upper layer. It is obtained by using the waterproofing method according to any one of claims 1 to 15, and is formed by applying a waterproof lower layer of the waterproof lower layer structure and a waterproof upper layer coating material. All waterproof layers with a waterproof upper layer. A method for repairing a waterproof layer, wherein the base concrete is pressed concrete, and the waterproofing method according to any one of claims 1 to 15 is used for the pressed concrete.