JP6806176B2 - Method for determining mist around lumpy substances on conveyor and method for measuring properties of lumpy substance on conveyor - Google Patents
Method for determining mist around lumpy substances on conveyor and method for measuring properties of lumpy substance on conveyor Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 title claims description 72
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title claims description 51
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 39
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 27
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 25
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007415 particle size distribution analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001932 seasonal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Description
本発明は、コンベアで搬送される鉄鉱石やコークスなどの塊状物質の性状測定の際に、塊状物質の周囲でのミストの発生の有無を判定する方法、及び、その判定方法を利用したコンベア上の塊状物質の性状測定方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for determining the presence or absence of mist generation around a massive substance when measuring the properties of a massive substance such as iron ore or coke conveyed by a conveyor, and on a conveyor using the determination method. The present invention relates to a method for measuring the properties of a mass substance.
鉄鉱石やコークスなどの塊状の原料を用いた高炉などの製造設備においては、原料の粒度が製造プロセスの操業に影響する。そのため、製造プロセスを安定させるには、事前に原料の粒度情報を把握する必要がある。特に、高炉においては、鉱石、コークスといった原料の粒度の把握が重要であり、高炉内の通気性を確保するために、高炉に装入する原料に付着した微細な粉の粉率にも注意して操業を行う必要がある。尚、粉率とは、装入量全質量に占める粉の質量の比率を意味する。 In manufacturing equipment such as blast furnaces that use bulk raw materials such as iron ore and coke, the particle size of the raw materials affects the operation of the manufacturing process. Therefore, in order to stabilize the manufacturing process, it is necessary to grasp the particle size information of the raw material in advance. In particular, in a blast furnace, it is important to understand the particle size of raw materials such as ore and coke, and in order to ensure air permeability in the blast furnace, pay attention to the powder ratio of fine powder adhering to the raw materials charged into the blast furnace. It is necessary to operate. The powder ratio means the ratio of the mass of the powder to the total mass of the charged amount.
高炉の通気性を維持するためには、塊状の装入物間に形成される空隙を確保することが重要である。装入物に小塊や粉が多く含まれると、塊状の装入物間の空隙が小塊や粉で埋められて、通気性が悪化する。これを防止するために、装入原料を事前に篩い分けして篩い上の塊のみを高炉に装入する操作が行われている。一般に、高炉装入前の篩い分けにより、コークスは２５ｍｍ以上または３５ｍｍ以上に、焼結鉱や鉄鉱石は５ｍｍ以上または２５ｍｍ以上に粒度調整することが多い。 In order to maintain the air permeability of the blast furnace, it is important to secure the voids formed between the massive containers. If the container contains a large amount of small lumps or powder, the voids between the lumpy containers are filled with the small lumps or powder, and the air permeability is deteriorated. In order to prevent this, an operation is performed in which the raw materials to be charged are sieved in advance and only the lumps on the sieve are charged into the blast furnace. In general, the particle size of coke is often adjusted to 25 mm or more or 35 mm or more, and the particle size of sintered ore or iron ore is adjusted to 5 mm or more or 25 mm or more by sieving before charging into a blast furnace.
しかし、通常の篩い分け操作では、細粒原料を完全に除去することは困難である。特に、塊状原料に付着した粉状原料は塊状原料とともに高炉に装入され、高炉内では、塊状原料と粉状原料とが分離してしまうので、塊状原料に付着した粉状原料の量を事前に把握し、高炉へ装入される粉状原料の量を極力少なく管理することが求められる。 However, it is difficult to completely remove the fine-grained raw material by a normal sieving operation. In particular, the powdered raw material adhering to the massive raw material is charged into the blast furnace together with the massive raw material, and the massive raw material and the powdered raw material are separated in the blast furnace. It is necessary to keep track of the situation and control the amount of powdered raw materials charged into the blast furnace as little as possible.
高炉原料の粒度や粉率の分析は、従来、定期的な原料のサンプリング及び篩い分けによって行われてきたが、この分析には時間を費やすので、搬送される原料をリアルタイムで分析することはできなかった。 Conventionally, the particle size and powder ratio of blast furnace raw materials have been analyzed by periodic sampling and sieving of raw materials, but since this analysis takes time, it is possible to analyze the raw materials to be transported in real time. There wasn't.
そこで、原料の粒度をリアルタイムで分析する手段が多数提案されている。例えば、特許文献１には、搬送体に載せられて移動中の粉粒体を撮像機により撮像し、画像処理によりその粒度分布を計測する装置において、前記粉粒体の撮像照明を行う閃光照明装置と、該閃光照明装置と前記撮像機とを制御する制御装置と、撮像された画像を画像処理して粒度分布解析する粒度分布解析装置と、を有する粒度分布計測装置が提案されている。また、特許文献２には、ベルトコンベアを搬送される塊状の原材料に、斜め上方から光を照射し、塊状の原材料から散乱された光をカメラで採取し、採取画像について画像処理を行って該採取画像の輝度分布を得、該輝度分布における最大ピークのピーク値から粒度を検知する粒度検知方法が提案されている。 Therefore, many means for analyzing the particle size of raw materials in real time have been proposed. For example, Patent Document 1 describes flash illumination for imaging and illuminating the powder or granular material in a device that images the moving powder or granular material on a carrier with an imager and measures the particle size distribution by image processing. A particle size distribution measuring device including a device, a control device for controlling the flash illumination device and the imager, and a particle size distribution analysis device for image processing the captured image and analyzing the particle size distribution has been proposed. Further, in Patent Document 2, the massive raw material conveyed on the belt conveyor is irradiated with light from diagonally above, the light scattered from the massive raw material is collected by a camera, and the collected image is subjected to image processing. A particle size detection method has been proposed in which a brightness distribution of a collected image is obtained and the particle size is detected from the peak value of the maximum peak in the brightness distribution.
特許文献１や特許文献２では、原料のエッジ部分を画像から判定して粒径を求めたり、また、原料表面の輝度を利用したりして、粉率を測定している。原料、特にコークスであれば、コークス炉から直送されて熱を持った状態で運ばれるものや、ヤードに野ざらしにされて水分を多く含むものなどが存在する。そのような状態でコンベア上を運搬されているので、季節による寒暖差や湿度差などの要因でコークス周囲にミストが発生する。ミストが発生した状態では撮像画像がぼやけたり、白く覆われてしまったりして、測定値が異常になるという問題がある。 In Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2, the powder ratio is measured by determining the edge portion of the raw material from an image to determine the particle size, or by using the brightness of the surface of the raw material. In the case of raw materials, especially coke, there are those that are sent directly from the coke oven and transported with heat, and those that are left in the yard and contain a lot of water. Since it is transported on the conveyor in such a state, mist is generated around the coke due to factors such as seasonal temperature difference and humidity difference. When mist is generated, the captured image is blurred or covered with white, and there is a problem that the measured value becomes abnormal.
特許文献３には、塊状物質の周囲に発生するミストを検知する技術ではないが、トンネル内などに設置されるテレビカメラの映像を画像処理して、トンネル内などでの火災を検知する装置が提案されている。具体的には、予め火災または煙が発生していないときの画像（元画像）を利用して輝度ヒストグラムを求め、火災または煙が発生しているときに輝度ヒストグラムが元画像と異なることを利用して、輝度ヒストグラムのピークに閾値を定め、火災または煙を検知するという技術である。 Patent Document 3 is not a technique for detecting mist generated around a lumpy substance, but a device for detecting a fire in a tunnel or the like by image processing an image of a TV camera installed in the tunnel or the like. Proposed. Specifically, the brightness histogram is obtained by using the image (original image) when there is no fire or smoke in advance, and the brightness histogram is different from the original image when there is fire or smoke. Then, a threshold is set for the peak of the luminance histogram, and a fire or smoke is detected.
しかしながら、特許文献３の技術をコンベア上の塊状物質の周囲に発生するミスト検知に適用しようとすると、塊状物質は撮像ごとに性状が異なり色合いが変化し、輝度ヒストグラムが撮像ごとに大きく変化するため、特許文献３に記載された画像の輝度ヒストグラムのピークに単純に閾値を設ける方法ではミスト検知は極めて困難である。 However, when the technique of Patent Document 3 is applied to the detection of mist generated around the massive substance on the conveyor, the properties of the massive substance differ with each imaging and the hue changes, and the luminance histogram changes greatly with each imaging. It is extremely difficult to detect mist by a method of simply setting a threshold value at the peak of the luminance histogram of the image described in Patent Document 3.
本発明は上記事情に鑑みてなされたもので、その目的とするところは、コンベアで搬送される鉄鉱石やコークスなどの塊状物質の性状測定の際に、塊状物質の周囲でのミストの発生の有無を判定する方法を提供することであり、また、その判定方法を利用したコンベア上の塊状物質の性状測定方法を提供することである。 The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to generate mist around a massive substance when measuring the properties of a massive substance such as iron ore or coke conveyed by a conveyor. It is to provide a method of determining the presence or absence, and also to provide a method of measuring the property of a lumpy substance on a conveyor using the determination method.
上記課題を解決するための本発明の要旨は以下のとおりである。
［１］コンベア上を搬送される塊状物質の周囲でのミスト発生の有無を撮像画像に基づいて判定する方法であって、
前記塊状物質を撮影した撮像画像内の影の輝度の頻度が、撮像画像内の影の輝度を超える輝度の頻度に基づいて決定した値以下である場合に、コンベア上の塊状物質の周囲にミストが発生していると判定することを特徴とする、コンベア上の塊状物質周囲のミスト判定方法。
［２］前記影の輝度の頻度が、撮像画像内の影の輝度を超える輝度の最大頻度に予め定めた所定の係数を掛けた値以下である場合に、コンベア上の塊状物質の周囲にミストが発生していると判定することを特徴とする、上記［１］に記載のコンベア上の塊状物質周囲のミスト判定方法。
［３］コンベア上を搬送される塊状物質の性状の測定に、上記［１］または上記［２］に記載のコンベア上の塊状物質周囲のミスト判定方法を利用することを特徴とする、コンベア上の塊状物質の性状測定方法。
［４］前記塊状物質の性状とは、前記塊状物質の粒度分布であることを特徴とする、上記［３］に記載のコンベア上の塊状物質の性状測定方法。
［５］前記塊状物質の性状とは、前記塊状物質の粉率であることを特徴とする、上記［３］に記載のコンベア上の塊状物質の性状測定方法。
The gist of the present invention for solving the above problems is as follows.
[1] A method of determining the presence or absence of mist generation around a massive substance transported on a conveyor based on an image taken.
When the frequency of the brightness of the shadow in the captured image obtained by photographing the massive substance is less than or equal to the value determined based on the frequency of the brightness exceeding the brightness of the shadow in the captured image, mist around the massive substance on the conveyor. A method for determining mist around a lumpy substance on a conveyor, which comprises determining that is occurring.
[2] When the frequency of the brightness of the shadow is equal to or less than the value obtained by multiplying the maximum frequency of the brightness exceeding the brightness of the shadow in the captured image by a predetermined coefficient, mist around the massive substance on the conveyor. The method for determining mist around a lumpy substance on a conveyor according to the above [1], wherein it is determined that
[3] On the conveyor, the method for determining the mist around the massive substance on the conveyor according to the above [1] or [2] is used for measuring the properties of the massive substance conveyed on the conveyor. Method for measuring the properties of lumpy substances.
[4] The method for measuring the properties of a lumpy substance on a conveyor according to the above [3], wherein the property of the lumpy substance is a particle size distribution of the lumpy substance.
[5] The method for measuring the properties of a lumpy substance on a conveyor according to the above [3], wherein the property of the lumpy substance is the powder ratio of the lumpy substance.
本発明によれば、原料性状や照度変化などの外乱の影響を受けることなく、コンベアで搬送される鉄鉱石やコークスなどの塊状物質周囲でのミストの発生有無を判定することが可能となる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to determine whether or not mist is generated around a massive substance such as iron ore or coke conveyed by a conveyor without being affected by disturbances such as raw material properties and changes in illuminance.
以下、本発明を具体的に説明する。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described.
本発明に係るミスト判定方法は、コンベア上を運搬されている堆積塊状物質を或る一定以上の光量下でカメラ撮像すると、堆積塊状物質に必ず生ずる影に着目し、撮像画像内の影に相当する或る輝度以下の輝度群の頻度（画素数）が、撮像画像内の影の輝度を超える輝度の頻度（画素数）に基づいて決定した値（閾値）以下である場合に、コンベア上を搬送される塊状物質の周囲にミストが発生していると判定する。 The mist determination method according to the present invention pays attention to the shadow that is always generated in the deposited mass substance when the deposited mass substance carried on the conveyor is imaged by a camera under a certain amount of light or more, and corresponds to the shadow in the captured image. When the frequency (number of pixels) of the brightness group below a certain brightness is less than or equal to the value (threshold value) determined based on the frequency (number of pixels) of the brightness exceeding the brightness of the shadow in the captured image, the image is placed on the conveyor. It is determined that mist is generated around the lumpy substance to be transported.
コンベア上の塊状物質は堆積しているので、或る一定以上の光量下でカメラ撮像すれば、必ず影が生じる。塊状物質周囲にミストが発生していなければ、この影に相当する輝度は撮像機ごとに常に一定の範囲にあり、原料の性状変化に依存しない。一方、ミストが発生していれば、前記影にミストが覆いかぶさり、影に相当する輝度が正の方向へ全体的に上昇する。したがって、通常、影に相当する輝度が存在する輝度範囲に、輝度が存在しなければ、ミストが発生していると判定する。 Since the lumpy substance on the conveyor is deposited, shadows are always generated when the camera image is taken under a certain amount of light. If mist is not generated around the massive substance, the brightness corresponding to this shadow is always in a certain range for each imager, and does not depend on the change in the properties of the raw material. On the other hand, if mist is generated, the mist covers the shadow, and the brightness corresponding to the shadow increases as a whole in the positive direction. Therefore, normally, if there is no brightness in the brightness range in which the brightness corresponding to the shadow exists, it is determined that mist is generated.
本発明の実施形態の一例について図面を用いて説明する。ここでは、塊状物質を搬送する例として高炉において使用されるコークスを搬送するコンベアを示すが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではない。 An example of an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Here, a conveyor for transporting coke used in a blast furnace is shown as an example of transporting a massive substance, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
図１は、本発明の実施形態の一例を示す概略図であり、高炉のコークス用コンベアに、ミスト判定方法を適用したコークスの粉率測定装置を設置した概要図である。図１において、符号１はホッパー、２は篩い分け器、３はコンベア、４はコークス、５は撮像機（カメラ）、６は粉率判定機、７は投光器である。投光器７は夜間の撮影などに使用するもので、太陽光の存在下では必ずしも使用する必要はない。 FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an example of an embodiment of the present invention, and is a schematic view in which a coke powder ratio measuring device to which a mist determination method is applied is installed on a coke conveyor of a blast furnace. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 is a hopper, 2 is a sieve, 3 is a conveyor, 4 is coke, 5 is an imager (camera), 6 is a powder ratio determining machine, and 7 is a floodlight. The floodlight 7 is used for shooting at night, and does not necessarily have to be used in the presence of sunlight.
高炉に装入する直前のコークス４は、コークス４を収納するホッパー１の後段に配置される篩い分け器２によって細かい粉が落とされ、コンベア３によって高炉へ輸送される。コンベア上には篩い分け器２の目開き寸法よりも大きい粒と篩い切れなかった付着粉とが残る。高炉を効率的に操業するために、主に付着粉で構成される粉の比率（粉率）を、撮像機５と粉率判定機６とからなる粉率測定装置で測定する。 The coke 4 immediately before being charged into the blast furnace is transported to the blast furnace by the conveyor 3 after the fine powder is removed by the sieving device 2 arranged after the hopper 1 that stores the coke 4. Grains larger than the opening size of the sieving device 2 and adhered powder that could not be sieved remain on the conveyor. In order to operate the blast furnace efficiently, the ratio (powder ratio) of the powder mainly composed of the adhering powder is measured by a powder ratio measuring device including an imager 5 and a powder ratio determining machine 6.
ミスト判定方法について述べる。今回の撮像機５で撮った画像は、９６６×１２９６画素で、モノクロ画像１２bitである。輝度値は０〜４０９６を示す。 The mist determination method will be described. The image taken by the imager 5 this time is 966 × 1296 pixels and is a monochrome image of 12 bits. The brightness value indicates 0 to 4096.
図２は、ミストが発生していないときの撮像機５によるコークス４の画像、図３は、ミストが発生していないときの粉率判定機６による輝度ヒストグラムである。 FIG. 2 is an image of coke 4 by the imager 5 when mist is not generated, and FIG. 3 is a luminance histogram by the powder ratio determining machine 6 when mist is not generated.
図２に示すように、或る一定以上の光量下で撮影された画像内ではコンベア上の堆積したコークス４によって生じた影Ｓが撮影されている。この撮像機５では、影Ｓに相当する輝度は輝度１７０以下であり（影Ｓの輝度の最大値は輝度＝１７０）、本明細書では、図３に示すように、影Ｓに相当する輝度の最大値（輝度＝１７０）を輝度レベルＡと定義する。或る一定以上の光量下においては、影Ｓに相当する輝度レベルＡ以下の範囲の輝度は、コークス４の表面性状に依存せずに、ほぼ一定の範囲に存在する。 As shown in FIG. 2, in the image taken under a certain amount of light or more, the shadow S generated by the coke 4 deposited on the conveyor is taken. In the imager 5, the brightness corresponding to the shadow S is 170 or less (the maximum value of the brightness of the shadow S is the brightness = 170), and in the present specification, as shown in FIG. 3, the brightness corresponding to the shadow S. The maximum value of (luminance = 170) is defined as the brightness level A. Under a certain amount of light or more, the brightness in the range of the brightness level A or lower corresponding to the shadow S exists in a substantially constant range regardless of the surface texture of the coke 4.
これに対して、図４は、ミスト発生時の撮像機５によるコークス４の画像で、図５は、ミスト発生時の粉率判定機６による輝度ヒストグラムである。ミストが発生しているときは、図４に示すように、影Ｓにミストが被り、影Ｓが白くぼやける。したがって、ミストが発生しているときは、ミストが発生していないときの輝度ヒストグラム（図３）と比べると、図５に示すように、影Ｓが白くぼやけることで、影Ｓの輝度値が全体的に正に上昇している。 On the other hand, FIG. 4 is an image of coke 4 by the imager 5 when mist is generated, and FIG. 5 is a luminance histogram by the powder ratio determining machine 6 when mist is generated. When mist is generated, as shown in FIG. 4, the shadow S is covered with the mist, and the shadow S becomes white and blurred. Therefore, when the mist is generated, the brightness value of the shadow S becomes white and blurred as shown in FIG. 5, as compared with the luminance histogram (FIG. 3) when the mist is not generated. It is rising positively overall.
本発明では、ミスト発生時の影Ｓに相当する輝度が全体的に正に上昇することを利用して、ミストの発生の有無を判定する。この影Ｓに相当する輝度の上昇を利用することで、撮像ごとのコークス性状である色合いに依存せず、安定したミスト判定が可能になる。 In the present invention, the presence or absence of mist generation is determined by utilizing the fact that the brightness corresponding to the shadow S at the time of mist generation increases positively as a whole. By utilizing the increase in brightness corresponding to the shadow S, stable mist determination becomes possible without depending on the hue which is the coke property for each imaging.
本発明は、撮像画像内の影Ｓの輝度、つまり、輝度レベルＡを超える輝度の頻度に基づいて閾値を決定し、図３に示すように、撮像画像内の影Ｓの輝度の頻度が、決定した閾値を超える場合には、コンベア上の塊状物質の周囲にミストが発生していないと判定し、図５に示すように、撮像画像内の影Ｓの輝度の頻度が、決定した閾値以下である場合に、コンベア上の塊状物質の周囲にミストが発生していると判定する。 In the present invention, the threshold value is determined based on the brightness of the shadow S in the captured image, that is, the frequency of the brightness exceeding the brightness level A, and as shown in FIG. 3, the frequency of the brightness of the shadow S in the captured image is determined. When it exceeds the determined threshold value, it is determined that no mist is generated around the massive substance on the conveyor, and as shown in FIG. 5, the frequency of the brightness of the shadow S in the captured image is equal to or less than the determined threshold value. If, it is determined that mist is generated around the massive substance on the conveyor.
この閾値を決定する際に、基準となる輝度の頻度を定める方法は複数の方法があるので、図６を参照して、以下に説明する。尚、図６は、輝度ヒストグラムにおいて、３種類の閾値の決定方法を示す説明図である。 Since there are a plurality of methods for determining the frequency of the reference brightness when determining this threshold value, it will be described below with reference to FIG. Note that FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing a method of determining three types of threshold values in the luminance histogram.
ケース１（輝度レベルＡを超える範囲での最大頻度を基準とする方法）
撮像機５によって決まる輝度レベルＡと、輝度レベルＡを超える範囲での撮像画像ごとの最大頻度とを決定し、この最大頻度に、予め定めた所定の係数（今回の撮像画像では係数＝１／４）を掛けて（乗算して）、閾値１（図６を参照）を設定する。そして、輝度レベルＡ以下の輝度ごとの全ての頻度が閾値１を超えなければ、ミストが発生していると判定する。尚、前記所定の係数は、好ましくは１．０以下とし、０．５以下とすれば、より望ましい。
Case 1 (Method based on the maximum frequency in the range exceeding the brightness level A)
The brightness level A determined by the imager 5 and the maximum frequency for each captured image in the range exceeding the brightness level A are determined, and a predetermined coefficient (coefficient = 1 / in the captured image this time) is set to this maximum frequency. 4) is multiplied (multiplied) to set the threshold value 1 (see FIG. 6). Then, if all the frequencies of each luminance level A or lower do not exceed the threshold value 1, it is determined that mist is generated. The predetermined coefficient is preferably 1.0 or less, and more preferably 0.5 or less.
図６に基づいて具体的に説明する。図６の輝度レベルＡ（輝度１７０）を超える輝度での最大頻度は６０００程度であり、係数を１／４に設定して閾値１を決める。そのときに、図６では、輝度レベルＡ以下の影Ｓに相当する輝度ごとの頻度において、或る輝度の頻度が７０００程度になり、この頻度７０００は閾値１（６０００×１／４＝１５００）を超えているので、ミストが発生していないと判定する。 A specific description will be given with reference to FIG. The maximum frequency at a luminance exceeding the luminance level A (luminance 170) in FIG. 6 is about 6000, and the coefficient is set to 1/4 to determine the threshold value 1. At that time, in FIG. 6, in the frequency for each luminance corresponding to the shadow S below the luminance level A, the frequency of a certain luminance becomes about 7000, and this frequency 7000 is a threshold value 1 (6000 × 1/4 = 1500). Since it exceeds, it is determined that no mist has been generated.
ケース２（輝度レベルＡを超える範囲での最大頻度近傍の平均値を基準とする方法）
撮像機５によって決まる輝度レベルＡと、輝度レベルＡを超える範囲での撮像画像ごとの最大頻度とを決定し、この最大頻度周辺の輝度（今回の撮像画像では最大頻度の輝度±１００）の頻度の平均値に、予め定めた所定の係数（今回の撮像画像では係数＝１／３）を掛けて閾値２（図６を参照）を設定する。そして、輝度レベルＡ以下の輝度ごとの全ての頻度が閾値２を超えなければ、ミストが発生していると判定する。尚、前記所定の係数は、好ましくは１．０以下とし、０．５以下とすればより望ましい。
Case 2 (Method based on the average value near the maximum frequency in the range exceeding the brightness level A)
The brightness level A determined by the imager 5 and the maximum frequency for each captured image in a range exceeding the brightness level A are determined, and the frequency around this maximum frequency (maximum frequency brightness ± 100 in this captured image). The threshold value 2 (see FIG. 6) is set by multiplying the average value of (1) by a predetermined coefficient (coefficient = 1/3 in this captured image). Then, if all the frequencies of each luminance level A or lower do not exceed the threshold value 2, it is determined that mist is generated. The predetermined coefficient is preferably 1.0 or less, and more preferably 0.5 or less.
図６に基づいて具体的に説明する。図６の輝度レベルＡ（輝度１７０）を超える輝度での最大頻度輝度±１００周辺の頻度の平均値は５５００程度であり、係数を１／３に設定して閾値２を決める。そのときに、図６では、輝度レベルＡ以下の影Ｓに相当する輝度ごとの頻度において、或る輝度の頻度が７０００程度になり、この頻度７０００は閾値２（５５００×１／３≒１８００）を超えているので、ミストが発生していないと判定する。 A specific description will be given with reference to FIG. The average value of the frequency around the maximum frequency brightness ± 100 at the brightness exceeding the brightness level A (brightness 170) in FIG. 6 is about 5500, and the coefficient is set to 1/3 to determine the threshold value 2. At that time, in FIG. 6, in the frequency for each luminance corresponding to the shadow S below the luminance level A, the frequency of a certain luminance becomes about 7000, and this frequency 7000 is a threshold value 2 (5500 × 1/3 ≈1800). Since it exceeds, it is determined that no mist has been generated.
ケース３（輝度レベルＡを超える範囲での最大頻度の１／２を基準とする方法）
撮像機５によって決まる輝度レベルＡと、輝度レベルＡを超える範囲での撮像画像ごとの最大頻度とを決定し、この最大頻度の値に１／２を掛け、更に、予め定めた所定の係数（今回の撮像画像では係数＝１／３）を掛けて、閾値３（図３を参照）に設定する。そして、輝度レベルＡ以下の輝度ごとの全ての頻度が閾値３を超えなければ、ミストが発生していると判定する。尚、前記所定の係数は、好ましくは１．０以下とし、０．５以下とすればより望ましい。
Case 3 (method based on 1/2 of the maximum frequency in the range exceeding the brightness level A)
The brightness level A determined by the imager 5 and the maximum frequency for each captured image in the range exceeding the brightness level A are determined, the value of this maximum frequency is multiplied by 1/2, and a predetermined coefficient (predetermined) is further determined. In the captured image this time, the threshold value is set to 3 (see FIG. 3) by multiplying by the coefficient = 1/3). Then, if all the frequencies for each luminance level A or lower do not exceed the threshold value 3, it is determined that mist is generated. The predetermined coefficient is preferably 1.0 or less, and more preferably 0.5 or less.
図６に基づいて具体的に説明する。図６の輝度レベルＡ（輝度１７０）を超える輝度での最大頻度値は６０００程度であり、その最大頻度値に１／２を掛けた値は３０００程度である。更に、係数を１／３に設定して閾値３を決める。そのときに、図６では、輝度レベルＡ以下の影Ｓに相当する輝度ごとの頻度において、或る輝度の頻度が７０００程度になり、この頻度７０００は閾値３（３０００×１／３＝１０００）を超えているので、ミストが発生していないと判定する。 A specific description will be given with reference to FIG. The maximum frequency value at a brightness exceeding the luminance level A (luminance 170) in FIG. 6 is about 6000, and the value obtained by multiplying the maximum frequency value by 1/2 is about 3000. Further, the coefficient is set to 1/3 to determine the threshold value 3. At that time, in FIG. 6, in the frequency for each luminance corresponding to the shadow S below the luminance level A, the frequency of a certain luminance becomes about 7000, and this frequency 7000 is a threshold value 3 (3000 × 1/3 = 1000). Since it exceeds, it is determined that no mist has been generated.
上記のケース１〜３の説明は、９６６×１２９６画素で、モノクロ画像１２bitであり、輝度値が０〜４０９６の画像について説明したが、本発明はこれに限らず、例えば８bitのカラー画像でＲＧＢ各々の値を利用して同様にミスト判定に用いてもよい。また、輝度レベルＡを輝度１７０で設定し、係数を１／３及び１／４で設定したが、これらの数値に限るものではない。また更に、基準となる輝度の頻度を定める方法は、上記のケース１〜３に限ることなく、種々の方法で決めることができる。少なくとも、輝度レベルＡを超える範囲の最大頻度と最大頻度×１／２との範囲内の頻度の輝度であれば、基準となる輝度として問題なく用いることができる。 The above description of cases 1 to 3 has described an image having 966 × 1296 pixels, a monochrome image of 12 bits, and a brightness value of 0 to 4096, but the present invention is not limited to this, and for example, an 8-bit color image is RGB. Each value may be used for mist determination in the same manner. Further, the luminance level A is set at the luminance 170 and the coefficients are set at 1/3 and 1/4, but the present invention is not limited to these numerical values. Furthermore, the method for determining the frequency of the reference brightness is not limited to the above cases 1 to 3, and can be determined by various methods. At least, if the brightness has a maximum frequency in the range exceeding the brightness level A and a frequency within the range of the maximum frequency × 1/2, it can be used as a reference brightness without any problem.
また、輝度レベルＡ以下の影Ｓに相当する輝度の最大頻度自体に閾値を設定する方法も存在する。しかしながら、天候変化、照度変化などの影響で影Ｓの総量が変化し、輝度レベルＡ以下の最大頻度値は大きく変化する。 There is also a method of setting a threshold value for the maximum frequency itself of the brightness corresponding to the shadow S below the brightness level A. However, the total amount of shadow S changes due to the influence of weather change, illuminance change, and the like, and the maximum frequency value below the brightness level A changes significantly.
図７は、コンベア上の影Ｓに相当する輝度の最大頻度を時系列順にプロットしたものである。天候が変化し快晴になった場合、太陽からの光量が増加した、図７に示す時点Ｚ以降では、影Ｓの最大頻度が大きく減少し、時点Ｚ以前に設定した、影Ｓ自体に基づく閾値では光量増加時には誤判定する。 FIG. 7 is a plot of the maximum frequency of the brightness corresponding to the shadow S on the conveyor in chronological order. When the weather changed and it became fine, the amount of light from the sun increased. After the time point Z shown in FIG. 7, the maximum frequency of the shadow S decreased significantly, and the threshold value set before the time point Z based on the shadow S itself. Then, when the amount of light increases, an erroneous judgment is made.
図８は、図７と同じ時期における、輝度レベルＡを超える輝度の最大頻度を時系列順にプロットしたものである。図８では、図７と同様に、時点Ｚ以降の光量増加時には、輝度レベルＡを超える輝度の最大頻度も大きく減少している。 FIG. 8 is a chronological plot of the maximum frequency of luminance exceeding the luminance level A at the same time as FIG. 7. In FIG. 8, similarly to FIG. 7, when the amount of light increases after the time point Z, the maximum frequency of the luminance exceeding the luminance level A also greatly decreases.
一方、図９に、図７及び図８と同一時期における、影Ｓに相当する輝度の最大頻度を、輝度レベルＡ超の輝度範囲での最大頻度で除算した比率を時系列順にプロットしたグラフを示す。図９に示す比率は、時点Ｚの前後でも値に大きな変化はなく、ほぼ一定であり、影Ｓの最大頻度及び輝度レベルＡ超えの範囲の最大頻度は、照度の影響を同等に受けており、これらを比率にすることで照度影響を除外できている。 On the other hand, FIG. 9 is a graph in which the ratio obtained by dividing the maximum frequency of the brightness corresponding to the shadow S by the maximum frequency in the brightness range above the brightness level A in the same period as in FIGS. 7 and 8 is plotted in chronological order. Shown. The ratio shown in FIG. 9 does not change significantly before and after the time point Z and is almost constant, and the maximum frequency of the shadow S and the maximum frequency in the range exceeding the brightness level A are equally affected by the illuminance. , The influence of illuminance can be excluded by making these ratios.
つまり、輝度レベルＡ超えの例えば最大頻度を利用し、この輝度レベルＡ超えの最大頻度及び当該最大頻度周囲の輝度の頻度平均値に、適切な係数を掛けて閾値を設定することで、ミスト判定において照度変化などの外乱を除外できることがわかる。 That is, mist determination is made by using, for example, the maximum frequency exceeding the brightness level A, and setting a threshold value by multiplying the maximum frequency exceeding the brightness level A and the frequency average value of the brightness around the maximum frequency by an appropriate coefficient. It can be seen that disturbances such as changes in illuminance can be excluded.
本発明に係るミスト判定方法を、塊状物質の粒度分布の測定や粉率測定などの性状測定方法に利用する場合は、ミストが発生していると判定された場合は、撮像機５と粉率判定機６とからなる粉率測定装置による測定結果は異常値として除外する。その場合、リアルタイムの測定はできなくなるものの、原料のサンプリング及び篩い分けによる性状測定を実施する。 When the mist determination method according to the present invention is used for a property measurement method such as measurement of particle size distribution of a mass substance or powder ratio measurement, when it is determined that mist is generated, the imager 5 and the powder ratio are used. The measurement result by the powder ratio measuring device including the determination machine 6 is excluded as an abnormal value. In that case, although real-time measurement cannot be performed, property measurement is performed by sampling raw materials and sieving.
以上説明したように、本発明によれば、原料性状や照度変化などの外乱の影響を受けることなく、コンベアで搬送される鉄鉱石やコークスなどの塊状物質周囲でのミストの発生有無を判定することが可能となる。 As described above, according to the present invention, it is determined whether or not mist is generated around a massive substance such as iron ore or coke conveyed by a conveyor without being affected by disturbances such as raw material properties and changes in illuminance. It becomes possible.
図１に示す撮像機で撮った、画素数が９６６×１２９６、モノクロ画像１２bitで、輝度値が０〜４０９６の画像を用い、塊状コークスの周囲のミスト判定を行いつつ、コークスの粉率測定を実施した。輝度レベルＡを輝度１７０で設定し、輝度レベルＡを超える輝度の最大頻度に係数１／４を掛けた値を閾値とした。 Using an image with a pixel count of 966 × 1296 and a monochrome image of 12 bits and a brightness value of 0 to 4096 taken with the imager shown in FIG. 1, the coke powder ratio is measured while determining the mist around the massive coke. Carried out. The luminance level A was set at the luminance level 170, and the value obtained by multiplying the maximum frequency of the luminance exceeding the luminance level A by a coefficient 1/4 was set as the threshold value.
図１０に、粉率測定結果及びミスト発生の有無の判定結果を示す。図１０は、左軸に粉率（−）を、右軸にミスト判定結果を、時系列で示している。ミスト判定結果は、ミスト発生の場合を「１．０」、ミストが発生していない場合を「０」と表示している。 FIG. 10 shows the powder ratio measurement result and the determination result of the presence or absence of mist generation. In FIG. 10, the powder ratio (−) is shown on the left axis, and the mist determination result is shown on the right axis in chronological order. The mist determination result is displayed as "1.0" when mist is generated and as "0" when mist is not generated.
時点Ｔより前の時点では、ミストが発生しており、粉率はミストの影響を受けて数値が若干高くなっている。右軸のミスト判定結果を見ると、時点Ｔ以前はミストが発生していると正しく判定しており、このときに粉率測定値を除外するなどの対処をして異常値を除去することで、原料性状や照度変化などの外乱の影響を受けることなく、粉率測定を実現することができる。 At the time point before the time point T, mist is generated, and the powder ratio is slightly higher due to the influence of the mist. Looking at the mist judgment result on the right axis, it is correctly judged that mist is generated before the time point T, and at this time, by taking measures such as excluding the powder ratio measurement value and removing the abnormal value, , It is possible to measure the powder ratio without being affected by disturbances such as raw material properties and changes in illuminance.
今回はミスト判定の結果を粉率測定に適用したが、これに限るものではなく、その他にも画像内塊状物質の粒径計測や画像内輝度を利用した測定に用いることができる。 This time, the result of the mist determination was applied to the powder ratio measurement, but it is not limited to this, and it can also be used for the particle size measurement of the massive substance in the image and the measurement using the brightness in the image.
１ ホッパー
２ 篩い分け器
３ コンベア
４ コークス
５ 撮像機
６ 粉率判定機
７ 投光器
1 Hopper 2 Sieving device 3 Conveyor 4 Coke 5 Imager 6 Powder ratio judgment machine 7 Floodlight
Claims (5)
前記塊状物質を撮影した撮像画像内の影の輝度の頻度が、ミストが発生していないときの撮像画像内の影の輝度を超える輝度の範囲の最大頻度と最大頻度×１／２の頻度との範囲内の輝度の頻度に基づいて決定した値以下である場合に、コンベア上の塊状物質の周囲にミストが発生していると判定することを特徴とする、コンベア上の塊状物質周囲のミスト判定方法。 It is a method of determining the presence or absence of mist generation around a massive substance conveyed on a conveyor based on an image taken.
The maximum frequency and the maximum frequency × 1/2 of the brightness range in which the brightness of the shadow in the captured image obtained by photographing the massive substance exceeds the brightness of the shadow in the captured image when mist is not generated. When it is less than or equal to the value determined based on the frequency of brightness within the range of, it is determined that mist is generated around the lumpy substance on the conveyor. Judgment method.
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