JP6777382B2 - Building with solar cell module - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a building equipped with a solar cell module.

When a disaster such as a fire occurs in a building with a roof structure equipped with a solar cell module, workers such as firefighters approach the roof structure to extinguish the fire by discharging water, but the wiring of the solar cell module is broken due to the fire. If the wire is broken, the operator may get an electric shock. To prevent this, it is necessary to stop the solar cell module.

For example, Patent Document 1-3 describes a photovoltaic power generation system or device capable of stopping the operation of the photovoltaic power generation system or device by a switch.

Utility model registration No. 3189106 JP 2014-207857 JP 2015-5624

Instead of or in addition to the configuration that disconnects the electrical circuits of the PV system or device as described above, if the time it takes for an indoor fire to reach the solar panels mounted on the roof structure is gained. Worker safety is ensured for a longer period of time, which is beneficial.

An object of the present invention is to reduce the risk of electric shock due to disconnection of wiring of a solar cell module mounted on a roof structure in the event of a fire.

In order to achieve the above object, the present inventors have (a) an outdoor space between the electrical wiring of the solar cell module and the penetrating space, (b) a penetrating space, and (c) a penetrating space from the internal space of the building. By arranging a sealing member made of a fire-resistant material containing heat-expandable graphite in at least one of the indoor spaces between the two, the solar power generation system or device for fire with a simple configuration. We have found that it is possible to delay the spread of fire to electrical wiring, and have completed the present invention.

That is, the present invention is as follows.
Item 1. In a building that has a through space that connects the electrical wiring of the solar cell module from the internal space of the building to the rooftop, and the solar cell module is mounted on the roof structure.
At least one of (a) an outdoor space between the electrical wiring of the solar cell module and the penetrating space, (b) a penetrating space, and (c) an indoor space between the internal space of the building and the penetrating space. A building equipped with a solar cell having a sealing member made of a fire-resistant material containing heat-expandable graphite covering at least one of them.
Item 2. The sealing member expands upon heating to seal the penetration space, or seals the ends of the penetration space in at least one of the outdoor space and the indoor space adjacent to the penetration space, or theirs. The building according to Item 1, which is both.
Item 3. Item 2. The building according to Item 1 or 2, wherein the sealing member is arranged in the through space.
Item 4. Item 3. The building according to any one of Items 1 to 3, wherein the sealing member is arranged so as to cover the periphery of the electrical wiring.
Item 5. It is a method of delaying the spread of fire to the electrical wiring of the solar cell module mounted on the roof structure of the building, and the building has a through space that connects the electrical wiring of the solar cell module from the internal space of the building to the rooftop.
A sealing member made of a fire-resistant material containing heat-expandable graphite can be used in (a) an outdoor space between the electrical wiring of the solar cell module and a penetrating space, (b) a penetrating space, and (c) a building. A method consisting of arranging in at least a part of at least one of indoor spaces between an internal space and a penetrating space.

According to the present invention, it is possible to delay the spread of fire to the electrical wiring of a photovoltaic power generation system or device with a simple configuration, and it is possible to reduce the risk of electric shock to the operator.

The schematic perspective view which shows the roof structure of 1st Embodiment of this invention. An enlarged cross-sectional view of the roof structure of FIG. The enlarged sectional view which shows the roof structure of the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. An enlarged cross-sectional view showing another example of FIG. An enlarged cross-sectional view showing another example of FIG. An enlarged cross-sectional view showing another example of FIG. An enlarged cross-sectional view showing another example of FIG.

(First Embodiment)
The first embodiment in which the present invention is embodied in the roof structure of a wooden house will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.

Referring to FIG. 1, the wooden house 1 as a building has a roof structure 2 in which a solar cell module 4 is mounted on a roof 3. In the case of a wooden house 1, the roof 3 usually has a structure in which purlins, field boards, roofing for rain leaks, and roofing materials such as roof tiles or slate are laminated from the bottom to the top, and a solar cell is used on the roofing material. Module 4 is installed. In the present embodiment, the electrical wiring 5 of the solar cell module 4 extends from below the solar cell module 4, extends to the end of the roof 3 and folds back to form two vertical walls 9 that support the roof 3. It passes through the penetrating space 8 formed through and extends to the attic 6 as the internal space 13 of the building 1 under the roof 3 and above the ceiling 11. That is, the electrical wiring 5 is connected from the attic 6 to the roof 7 of the wooden house 1 via the through space 8. The penetration space 8 is a space provided in the building that communicates between the inside and the outside of the building.

The two vertical walls 9 form a roof structure portion 9a that partitions the through space 8 at the position of the through space 8. A sealing member 10 made of a refractory material containing heat-expandable graphite is arranged between the electrical wiring 5 and the roof structure portion 9a that partitions the through space 8. In the present embodiment, the sealing member 10 has a hollow substantially cylindrical shape in the entire circumferential direction of the roof structure portion 9a in a state of being in contact with the roof structure portion 9a so as to cover the periphery of the electrical wiring 5 at the position of the through space 8. Have been placed.

The sealing member 10 expands when heated to seal or close the through space 8. By heating, the sealing member 10 fills the cross section of the through space 8 at least partially, preferably completely, thereby delaying the arrival of fire generated from indoors through the through space 8 to the electrical wiring 5. .. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the risk of electric shock of workers such as firefighters with a simple configuration.

The refractory material constituting the sealing member 10 will be described below.

The refractory material is a resin composition containing a heat-expandable graphite and an inorganic filler as resin components. The sealing member 10 is known by kneading each component of the resin composition using a known device such as a single-screw extruder, a twin-screw extruder, a Banbury mixer, a kneader mixer, a kneading roll, a raikai machine, or a planetary stirrer. It can be obtained by molding by the molding method of.

Examples of the resin component include a thermoplastic resin, a thermosetting resin, a rubber substance, and a combination thereof.

Examples of the thermoplastic resin include polyolefin resins such as polypropylene resins, polyethylene resins, poly (1-) butene resins, and polypentene resins, polystyrene resins, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) resins, and polycarbonates. Examples thereof include synthetic resins such as based resins, polyphenylene ether-based resins, (meth) acrylic resins, polyamide-based resins, polyvinyl chloride-based resins, phenol-based resins, polyurethane-based resins, and polyisobutylene.

Examples of the thermosetting resin include polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polyisocyanurate, phenol resin, epoxy resin, urea resin, melamine resin, unsaturated polyester resin, and polyimide.

Examples of rubber substances include natural rubber, isoprene rubber, butadiene rubber, 1,2-polybutadiene rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, chloroprene rubber, nitrile rubber, butyl rubber, chlorinated butyl rubber, ethylene-propylene rubber, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, and acrylic rubber. , Epichlorohydrin rubber, polyvulverable rubber, non-vulture rubber, silicon rubber, fluororubber, urethane rubber and other rubber substances.

As these synthetic resins and / or rubber substances, one kind or two or more kinds can be used.

Among these synthetic resins and / or rubber substances, those having flexible and rubber-like properties are preferable. Those having such properties can be highly filled with an inorganic filler, and the obtained resin composition becomes flexible and easy to handle. In order to obtain a more flexible and easy-to-handle resin composition, a non-vulcanized rubber such as butyl or a polyethylene-based resin is preferably used. Instead, an epoxy resin is preferable from the viewpoint of increasing the flame retardancy of the resin itself and improving the fireproof performance.

Thermally expandable graphite is a conventionally known substance that expands when heated. Powders such as natural scaly graphite, thermally decomposed graphite, and kiss graphite are mixed with inorganic acids such as concentrated sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and selenic acid, and concentrated nitric acid and perchloric acid. , Perchlorate, permanganate, dichromate, dichromate, hydrogen peroxide and other strong oxidizing agents to form graphite interlayer compounds, which form a layered structure of carbon. It is a type of crystalline compound that remains maintained.

The heat-expandable graphite obtained by acid treatment as described above may be further neutralized with ammonia, an aliphatic lower amine, an alkali metal compound, an alkaline earth metal compound or the like. The particle size of the heat-expandable graphite is preferably 20 to 200 mesh. If the particle size is 200 mesh or larger, the degree of expansion of graphite is sufficient for the expanded heat insulating layer, and if the particle size is 20 mesh or smaller, the dispersibility when blended in the resin is good and the physical properties are poor. It is good. Examples of commercially available products of heat-expandable graphite include "GREP-EG" manufactured by Tosoh Corporation and "GRAFGUARD" manufactured by GRAFTECH.

When the expanded heat insulating layer is formed, the inorganic filler increases the heat capacity and suppresses heat transfer, and also acts as an aggregate to improve the strength of the expanded heat insulating layer. The inorganic filler is not particularly limited, and for example, metal oxides such as alumina, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, iron oxide, tin oxide, antimony oxide, and ferrites; calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide. , Hydroinorganic substances such as aluminum hydroxide and hydrotalcite; metal carbonates such as basic magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, zinc carbonate, strontium carbonate and barium carbonate can be mentioned.

In addition to these, as inorganic fillers, calcium salts such as calcium sulfate, gypsum fiber, calcium silicate; silica, diatomaceous earth, dosonite, barium sulfate, talc, clay, mica, montmorillonite, bentonite, active white clay, sepiolite. , Imogolite, sericite, glass fiber, glass beads, silica-based balun, aluminum nitride, boron nitride, silicon nitride, carbon black, graphite, carbon fiber, carbon balun, charcoal powder, various metal powders, potassium titanate, magnesium sulfate " MOS ”(trade name), lead zirconate titanate, zinc stearate, calcium stearate, aluminum borate, molybdenum sulfide, silicon carbide, stainless fiber, zinc borate, various magnetic powders, slag fibers, fly ash, dehydrated sludge, etc. Can be mentioned. These inorganic fillers may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

The particle size of the inorganic filler is preferably 0.5 to 100 μm, more preferably 1 to 50 μm. When the amount of the inorganic filler added is small, the dispersibility greatly affects the performance, so that the inorganic filler has a small particle size, but when it is 0.5 μm or more, the dispersibility is good. When the amount added is large, the viscosity of the resin composition increases and the moldability decreases as the high filling progresses, but the viscosity of the resin composition can be decreased by increasing the particle size. A large diameter is preferable, but a particle size of 100 μm or less is desirable from the viewpoint of the surface properties of the molded product and the mechanical properties of the resin composition.

Examples of the inorganic filler include "Heidilite H-31" (manufactured by Showa Denko) with a particle size of 18 μm for aluminum hydroxide, "B325" (manufactured by ALCOA) with a particle size of 25 μm, and calcium carbonate. Examples thereof include 1.8 μm “Whiten SB Red” (manufactured by Bikita Powder Industry Co., Ltd.) and “BF300” (manufactured by Bikita Powder Industry Co., Ltd.) having a particle size of 8 μm.

Further, the resin composition constituting the refractory material may further contain a phosphorus compound in addition to each of the above components in order to increase the strength of the expansion heat insulating layer and improve the fire protection performance. The phosphorus compound is not particularly limited, and for example, various phosphate esters such as red phosphorus; triphenyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, trixylenyl phosphate, cresil diphenyl phosphate, xylenyl diphenyl phosphate; sodium phosphate, Metal phosphates such as potassium phosphate and magnesium phosphate; ammonium polyphosphates; compounds represented by the following chemical formula (1) can be mentioned. Of these, red phosphorus, ammonium polyphosphate, and the compound represented by the following chemical formula (1) are preferable from the viewpoint of fire prevention performance, and ammonium polyphosphate is more preferable from the viewpoint of performance, safety, cost, and the like. ..

In the chemical formula (1), R1 and R3 represent hydrogen, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms, or an aryl group having 6 to 16 carbon atoms. R2 is a hydroxyl group, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms, a linear or branched alkoxyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 16 carbon atoms, or a carbon number of carbon atoms. Represents 6 to 16 aryloxy groups.

As the red phosphorus, commercially available red phosphorus can be used, but from the viewpoint of moisture resistance and safety such as not spontaneously igniting during kneading, those in which the surface of the red phosphorus particles is coated with a resin are preferably used. The ammonium polyphosphates are not particularly limited, and examples thereof include ammonium polyphosphate and melamine-modified ammonium polyphosphate. Ammonium polyphosphate is preferably used from the viewpoint of handleability and the like. Examples of commercially available products include "AP422" and "AP462" manufactured by Clariant AG, "FR CROS 484" and "FR CROS 487" manufactured by Budenheim Ibica.

The compound represented by the chemical formula (1) is not particularly limited, and for example, methylphosphonate, dimethyl methylphosphonate, diethylmethylphosphonate, ethylphosphonate, propylphosphonate, butylphosphonic acid, 2-methylpropylphosphonate, t- Butylphosphonic acid, 2,3-dimethyl-butylphosphonate, octylphosphonic acid, phenylphosphonic acid, dioctylphenylphosphonate, dimethylphosphonic acid, methylethylphosphonate, methylpropylphosphinic acid, diethylphosphonic acid, dioctylphosphonic acid, phenylphosphinate Examples thereof include acids, diethylphenylphosphonates, diphenylphosphonates, and bis (4-methoxyphenyl) phosphonates. Among them, t-butylphosphonic acid is preferable in terms of high flame retardancy, although it is expensive. The phosphorus compounds may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

The resin composition contains 10 to 350 parts by weight of the heat-expandable graphite and 30 to 400 parts by weight of the inorganic filler with respect to 100 parts by weight of the resin component such as the thermoplastic resin or the epoxy resin. Is preferable.

The total amount of the heat-expandable graphite and the inorganic filler is preferably in the range of 50 to 600 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the resin component.

Such a resin composition expands by heating to form a refractory heat insulating layer. According to this formulation, the refractory material expands by heating such as a fire to obtain a required volume expansion coefficient, and after expansion, a residue having a predetermined heat insulating performance and a predetermined strength is formed. It is also possible to achieve stable fire protection performance.

When the total amount of the heat-expandable graphite and the inorganic filler in the resin composition is 50 parts by weight or more, sufficient fire resistance is obtained by satisfying the residual amount after combustion, and when it is 600 parts by weight or less, the mechanical properties Is maintained.

Further, the resin composition used in the present invention is, if necessary, an antioxidant such as a phenol-based, amine-based or sulfur-based antioxidant, a metal damage inhibitor, and an antistatic agent, as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired. It can contain additives such as inhibitors, stabilizers, cross-linking agents, lubricants, softeners, pigments, tackifier resins, molding aids, and tackifiers such as polybutene and petroleum resins.

The refractory material is available as a commercial product. For example, a fire barrier manufactured by Sumitomo 3M Co., Ltd. (a refractory material composed of a resin composition containing chloropurene rubber and vermiculite, expansion coefficient: 3 times, thermal conductivity: 0. 20 kcal / m · h · ° C), Mijihikat (a refractory material consisting of a resin composition containing polyurethane resin and heat-expandable graphite, expansion coefficient: 4 times, thermal conductivity: 0.21 kcal / m) · H · ° C), refractory materials such as fiblocks manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.

The refractory material is not particularly limited as long as it is insulated by the expansion layer when exposed to a high temperature such as in a fire and has the strength of the expansion layer, but under a heating condition of 50 kW / m ^2. It is preferable that the volume expansion rate after heating for 30 minutes is 3 to 50 times. When the volume expansion coefficient is 3 times or more, the expansion volume can sufficiently fill the burned portion of the resin component, and when the expansion volume is 50 times or less, the strength of the expansion layer is maintained and the penetration of flame is prevented. The effect is maintained.

(Second Embodiment)
Next, a second embodiment of the roof structure of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The description of the same members as those in the first embodiment will be omitted.

Referring to FIG. 3, the penetration space 8 is provided on the roof 3 instead of the vertical wall 9 of FIG. The roof 3 constitutes a roof structure portion 3a that partitions the through space 8 at the position of the through space 8. The electrical wiring 5 of the solar cell module 4 extends from the solar cell module 4 through a penetrating space 8 formed through the roof 3 and extends to the attic 6, which is a space under the roof 3. That is, the electrical wiring 5 is connected from the attic 6 to the roof 7 of the wooden house 1 via the through space 8. A sealing member 10 made of a refractory material containing heat-expandable graphite is arranged between the electrical wiring 5 and the roof structure portion 3a that partitions the through space 8. At the position of the through space 8, the sealing member 10 is arranged in a hollow substantially cylindrical shape around the entire circumference of the roof structure portion 9a in a state of being in contact with the roof structure portion 3a so as to cover the periphery of the electrical wiring 5.

The sealing member 10 expands when heated to seal or close the through space 8. By heating, the sealing member 10 fills the cross section of the through space 8 at least partially, preferably completely, thereby delaying the arrival of fire generated from indoors through the through space 8 to the electrical wiring 5. .. Therefore, even with the configuration of the second embodiment, the risk of electric shock of workers such as firefighters can be reduced with a simple configuration.

Up to this point, the present invention has been described by taking the first embodiment and the second embodiment as examples, but the present invention is not limited to this, and various modifications such as the following are possible.
○ As shown in FIG. 4, instead of the sealing member 10 being arranged on the roof structure portion 9a of the vertical wall 9 in the first embodiment of FIG. 2, the sealing member 10 is attached to the electrical wiring 5. May be good. Even in this case, the sealing member 10 at least partially fills the cross section of the through space 8 due to heating during a fire, thereby delaying the arrival of fire generated from indoors through the through space 8 to the electrical wiring 5. Can be done.
○ As shown in FIG. 5, instead of providing the penetration space 8 so as to communicate with the attic 6 above the ceiling 11 in the first embodiment of FIG. 2, the penetration space 8 is a vertical wall 9 below the ceiling 11. It may be provided on a part (for example, in the case of a detached house, the wall on the second floor, etc.). In this case, the electrical wiring 5 passes through the through space 8 and extends to the internal space 13 of the building 1 below the ceiling 11.

○ As shown in FIG. 6, instead of providing the through space 8 that crosses the two vertical walls 9 in the first embodiment of FIG. 2, a hole 8a to be formed in the outer vertical wall 9 of the two vertical walls 9 and A height difference is provided in the hole 8b formed in the inner vertical wall 9 of the two vertical walls 9, and the space 12 between the holes 8a and 8b and the space 12 formed between the two vertical walls 9 is between the holes 8a and 8b. The electrical wiring 5 may extend through the space 8c. The holes 8a, 8b, and space 8c form a through space 8. Also,
A sealing member 10 made of a refractory material containing heat-expandable graphite is attached to the vertical wall 9 around the holes 8a, 8b, and the space 8c. The sealing member 10 expands during heating to seal the space 12 formed between the two vertical walls 9. By heating, the sealing member 10 fills the cross section of the space 12 at least partially, preferably completely, so that the fire generated from the room can be delayed from reaching the electrical wiring 5 through the through space 8. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the risk of electric shock of workers such as firefighters with a simple configuration. Even with such a configuration of the roof structure 2 of another example, the same effect as that of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 2 can be obtained.
○ As shown in FIG. 7, instead of the sealing member 10, the outdoor space between the electrical wiring 5 and the through space 8 of the solar cell module 4 is sealed with a refractory material containing heat-expandable graphite. The stop member 10a may be arranged. The composition of the sealing member 10a is as described in the sealing member 10. Preferably, the sealing member 10a is arranged in an outdoor space adjacent to the through space 8. The sealing member 10a is attached in contact with the outer vertical wall 9 so as to expand during heating and seal the cross section of the penetrating space 8 at least partially, preferably completely laterally, at the end of the penetrating space 8. If it is set to, the effect of preventing the spread of fire is excellent, and it is possible to delay the arrival of the fire generated from indoors through the through space 8 to the electric wiring 5.

Further, a sealing member 10b made of a refractory material containing heat-expandable graphite may be arranged in an indoor space between the attic 6 and the through space 8. The composition of the sealing member 10b is as described in the sealing member 10. Preferably, the sealing member 10b is arranged in an indoor space adjacent to the through space 8. The sealing member 10a is attached in contact with the inner vertical wall 9 so as to expand during heating and seal the cross section of the penetrating space 8 at least partially, preferably completely from the side at the end of the penetrating space 8. If it is set to, the effect of preventing the spread of fire is excellent, and it is possible to delay the arrival of the fire generated from indoors through the through space 8 to the electric wiring 5.

Both the sealing member 10a and the sealing member 10b may be arranged, or only one of them may be arranged.
○ The first embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the second embodiment shown in FIG. 3, another example shown in FIG. 4, another example shown in FIG. 5, another example shown in FIG. 6, and another example shown in FIG. It may be combined with another example. That is, the sealing members 10, 10a, 10b have the same or different composition, and (a) an outdoor space between the electrical wiring 5 and the through space 8 of the solar cell module 4 continuously or discontinuously, (b). It may be provided in at least one of the penetration space 8 and (c) the indoor space between the internal space 13 and the penetration space 8.
○ Although the wooden house 1 is shown as a building in FIG. 1, the roof structure of the present invention may be the roof structure of any building such as a concrete building.
○ The position where the penetration space 8 is provided is shown in the example where it is provided on the vertical wall 9 (FIGS. 2 and 5) and the roof 3 (FIG. 3), but the position is not limited to these and is provided at an arbitrary position of the roof structure. May be good.

Disclosures of all patent applications and documents cited herein are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

1 ... Roof structure, 3a, 9a ... Roof structure part, 4 ... Solar cell module, 5 ... Electrical wiring, 6 ... Attic as internal space, 7 ... Rooftop, 8,8a, 8b, 8c ... Penetration space, 10 , 10a, 10b ... Sealing member, 13 ... Internal space.

Claims (5)

In a building that has a through space that connects the electrical wiring of the solar cell module from the internal space of the building to the rooftop, and the solar cell module is mounted on the roof structure.
The building has a vertical wall, the penetrating space is provided in the vertical wall, and the penetrating space is a space communicating between the indoor and outdoor parts of the building .
The electrical wiring of the solar cell module is inserted into the penetrating space, one end of the electrical wiring extends from the solar cell module, and the other end of the electrical wiring is located in the internal space of the building.
(A) or with a sealing member made of a refractory material containing heat-expandable graphite for covering around at least a portion of the electrical wiring in the outdoor space until the solar cell modules or et through space, Or (b) a building having a sealing member made of a refractory material containing heat-expandable graphite that covers at least a part of the electrical wiring inserted into the through space in the through space . The sealing member expands upon heating to seal the penetration space, or seals the ends of the penetration space in at least one of the outdoor space and the indoor space adjacent to the penetration space, or theirs. The building according to claim 1, which is both. The building according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the sealing member is arranged in the through space. The building according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the sealing member is arranged so as to cover the periphery of the electrical wiring. It is a method of delaying the spread of fire to the electrical wiring of the solar cell module mounted on the roof structure of the building, and the building has a through space that connects the electrical wiring of the solar cell module from the internal space of the building to the rooftop.
The building has a vertical wall, the penetrating space is provided in the vertical wall, and the penetrating space is a space communicating between the indoor and outdoor parts of the building .
The electrical wiring of the solar cell module is inserted into the penetrating space, one end of the electrical wiring extends from the solar cell module, and the other end of the electrical wiring is located in the internal space of the building.
A sealing member made of a refractory material containing heat-expandable graphite,
(A) the solar cell module or found through space to the outdoor or arranged so as to cover at least a part the periphery of the electrical wiring in the space between the, or in (b) through space, inserted through said electrical at least a portion of arranging so as to cover the periphery, the method of wiring.