JP6760655B2 - サブナノ領域で原子数を精密に制御した第10族元素クラスター担持体の製造方法および白金クラスター担持体ならびに触媒 - Google Patents
サブナノ領域で原子数を精密に制御した第10族元素クラスター担持体の製造方法および白金クラスター担持体ならびに触媒 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6760655B2 JP6760655B2 JP2017160463A JP2017160463A JP6760655B2 JP 6760655 B2 JP6760655 B2 JP 6760655B2 JP 2017160463 A JP2017160463 A JP 2017160463A JP 2017160463 A JP2017160463 A JP 2017160463A JP 6760655 B2 JP6760655 B2 JP 6760655B2
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- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 221
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 65
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title description 17
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000003057 platinum Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 30
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 28
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 24
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 22
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 20
- 238000000851 scanning transmission electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 16
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- -1 platinum thiolate Chemical class 0.000 description 15
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 13
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
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- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
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- VMQMZMRVKUZKQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu+ Chemical compound [Cu+] VMQMZMRVKUZKQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000333 X-ray scattering Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- BXPKWRPAONPIBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene copper(1+) Chemical compound [Cu+].C1=CC=CC=C1 BXPKWRPAONPIBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000007619 statistical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012916 structural analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- JOKPITBUODAHEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylideneplatinum Chemical class [Pt]=S JOKPITBUODAHEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052713 technetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKLVYJBZJHMRIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N technetium atom Chemical compound [Tc] GKLVYJBZJHMRIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZEWQUBUPAILYHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoperazine Chemical compound C1CN(C)CCN1CCCN1C2=CC(C(F)(F)F)=CC=C2SC2=CC=CC=C21 ZEWQUBUPAILYHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002324 trifluoperazine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Catalysts (AREA)
Description
第2族元素としては、ベリリウム、マグネシウム、カルシウム、ストロンチウム、バリウム等が挙げられる。
第3族元素としては、スカンジウム、イットリウム、ランタノイド等が挙げられる。
第4族元素としては、チタン、ジルコニウム、ハフニウム等が挙げられる。
第5族元素としては、バナジウム、ニオブ、タンタル等が挙げられる。
第6族元素としては、クロム、モリブデン、タングステン等が挙げられる。
第7族元素としては、マンガン、テクネチウム、レニウム等が挙げられる。
第8族元素としては、鉄、ルテニウム、オスミウム等が挙げられる。
第9族元素としては、コバルト、ロジウム、イリジウム等が挙げられる。
第10族元素としては、ニッケル、パラジウム、白金等が挙げられる。
第11族元素としては、金、銀、銅等が挙げられる。
1.白金オクタンチオラート環状多核錯体の合成
図1(a)に示すティアラ状の白金オクタンチオラート環状多核錯体[Pt(μ−SC8H17)2]nを合成した。
(実施例1)
図2は、白金オクタンチオラート環状多核錯体の合成、単離から単分散のPt12クラスターの合成までの概略を示し、図3(a)は、水素雰囲気下での還元による白金オクタンチオラート環状多核錯体から白金サブナノクラスターへの直接変換のスキームを示す。
(1)Ag+イオンの内包
[Pt(μ−SC8H17)2]6と1当量のトリフルオロメタンスルホン酸銀とクロロホルム:アセトニトリル=2:3(体積比)混合溶媒中で混合し、その会合錯体Ag+@[Pt(μ−SC8H17)2]6OTf−を得た。これを実施例1と同様に担持体に吸着させ、水素流通下で還元処理を行った。
[Pt(μ−SC8H17)2]6溶液(0.39mM)にトリフルオロメタンスルホン酸銅(I)ベンゼン錯体溶液(クロロホルム:アセトニトリル=2:3(体積比))を滴下してUV−Visタイトレーションを行った。図12はUV−Vis吸収スペクトルの変化を示す。図13は、図10における加えたトリフルオロメタンスルホン酸銅(I)ベンゼン錯体の[Pt(μ−SC8H17)2]6に対する当量数と438nmの吸光度変化の関係(丸点のプロット)、実線はシミュレーション結果を示す。錯形成定数(K)は7.0×102M−1と見積もられ、Cu+イオンの内包を確認した。
(実施例3)
実施例1で合成されたクラスターPt8を用いて、基質にインダンを用いてα−メチレン酸化反応の触媒活性を評価した。
酸素圧:1atm
反応温度:90℃
触媒量:2.4×10−3mmol(白金原子換算)
反応時間:6時間
反応では、インダン中に触媒を添加し、酸素雰囲気下に攪拌した。
精密なクラスター合成を目指してより分散性の高い担持法を検討するうえで、Pt8の担持に用いる溶媒の検討を行った。クロロホルム、ヘキサン、クロロメタンについて異なる濃度の[Pt(μ−SC8H17)2]8溶液を滴下し、担持後のSTEM観察を行った。滴下濃度に関わらず、ヘキサンが最も錯体の担体上での均一分散に適した溶媒であることが明らかとなった(図16)。他の溶媒では主に担持剤の縁に、錯体の密集が確認された。
(1)Pt8の精密合成:凝集しない担持量の検討
原子数の制御された白金クラスターの合成に向けて、錯体が凝集しない適切な担持量の検討を行った。[Pt(μ−SC8H17)2]8をヘキサン中でケッチェンブラックに担持(Pt 0.4wt%、1.0wt%、1.8wt%)、焼成(250℃、3% H2/N2 stream、8h)、焼成前後のSTEM観測を行った。[Pt(μ−SC8H17)2]8をPt 0.4wt%担持したとき、焼成前の錯体が低密度で担持されていること、焼成による凝集が起こらないことをSTEMで観察した(図17)。高倍率の観察では、白金8原子からなる集合体が観測された(図17b)。一方、Pt 1.0wt%、1.8wt%担持したとき焼成後は粒径1−2nm程度の凝集体が観測された(図18)。
[Pt(μ−SC8H17)2]n(n=6、7)をヘキサン中でケッチェンブラックに担持し(Pt 0.4wt%)、焼成(250℃、H2/N2 stream、18h)前後のSTEM像を比較した。Pt8の場合と比較して、Pt6、Pt7ではその凝集体Ptnx(x=2 、3…)がより多い割合で観測され、この条件では原子数制御が不十分であることが判明した。Pt8と比較して凝集がより進行した理由として、担持量を白金質量で揃えることで、面積あたりの粒子数がPt8<Pt7<Pt6の順に多くなり、粒子の平均間隔が狭くなったことが挙げられる。全体の現象を明らかとするためにSTEM像を統計的に解析したところn=8に比べて錯体の間隔はn=6、7でそれぞれ約0.9、0.8倍で、粒子の残留比との相関関係を見てみると、間隔が狭くなるほどに凝集が起こりやすいことが明らかとなった(図20)。n=6、7の白金担持量をPt 0.2wt%とすることで凝集を抑制し、原子数の制御されたPtn(n=6、7)の合成に成功した。Pt5も白金担持量をPt 0.2wt%とすることで精密合成を達成した。
白金担持量がPt 0.4wt%のときPt8は精密に合成されたが、Pt6、Pt7は一部で凝集が生じた。担持密度と凝集の相関関係が示唆され、Pt8以上のクラスターの場合Pt 0.4wt%で精密に合成できることが推測された。白金担持量をPt 0.4wt%としてPt9、Pt10、Pt11、Pt12、の合成を行ったところ、いずれも凝集が抑制され、原子数の制御されたクラスターが得られた(図21)。
Claims (5)
- 核数5〜12の白金チオラート環状多核錯体を担体に担持し、この担持体を水素ガス雰囲気下で焼成する白金クラスター担持体の製造方法。
- 白金クラスターは、その原子数が、白金チオラート環状多核錯体の核数と等しい請求項1に記載の白金クラスター担持体の製造方法。
- 白金チオラート環状多核錯体として、核数5〜12のうちいずれか一つに単離したものを用いる請求項1または2に記載の白金クラスター担持体の製造方法。
- 焼成温度が50〜300℃である請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の白金クラスター担持体の製造方法。
- 白金チオラート環状多核錯体は、第1族のうちアルカリ金属元素から第11族までのいずれかの元素を環の内部に1〜2個内包し、この環状多核錯体を担体に担持し、この担持体を水素ガス雰囲気下で焼成することで、第1族のうちアルカリ金属元素から第11族までのいずれかの元素を含む白金クラスターの担持体を得る、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の白金クラスター担持体の製造方法。
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