JP6755654B2 - How to operate an internal combustion engine - Google Patents

How to operate an internal combustion engine Download PDF

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JP6755654B2
JP6755654B2 JP2015237353A JP2015237353A JP6755654B2 JP 6755654 B2 JP6755654 B2 JP 6755654B2 JP 2015237353 A JP2015237353 A JP 2015237353A JP 2015237353 A JP2015237353 A JP 2015237353A JP 6755654 B2 JP6755654 B2 JP 6755654B2
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diesel fuel
injection
injection system
injection amount
cylinder
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JP2016109135A (en
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ドゥシャン・ミケスカ
クリストフ・シュロット
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MAN Energy Solutions SE
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0602—Control of components of the fuel supply system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0602—Control of components of the fuel supply system
    • F02D19/0607—Control of components of the fuel supply system to adjust the fuel mass or volume flow
    • F02D19/061—Control of components of the fuel supply system to adjust the fuel mass or volume flow by controlling fuel injectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/08—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed simultaneously using pluralities of fuels
    • F02D19/10—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed simultaneously using pluralities of fuels peculiar to compression-ignition engines in which the main fuel is gaseous
    • F02D19/105—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed simultaneously using pluralities of fuels peculiar to compression-ignition engines in which the main fuel is gaseous operating in a special mode, e.g. in a liquid fuel only mode for starting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
    • F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
    • F02D41/40—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type with means for controlling injection timing or duration
    • F02D41/402—Multiple injections
    • F02D41/403—Multiple injections with pilot injections
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
    • F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
    • F02D41/40—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type with means for controlling injection timing or duration
    • F02D41/402—Multiple injections
    • F02D41/405—Multiple injections with post injections
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Description

本発明は請求項１もしくは請求項１１のおいて書き部に記載の、内燃機関を作動させるための方法に関する。 The present invention relates to the method for operating an internal combustion engine, which is described in the writing section of claim 1 or 11.

内燃機関は、ディーゼル燃料もしくは重油のみを用いて作動され得るディーゼルエンジンとして、または選択的にディーゼル燃料もしくは重油を用いて、もしくは代替的にガスを用いて作動され得る二元燃料エンジンとして実施されている。ディーゼル燃料もしくは重油のみを用いて作動され得るディーゼルエンジンにおいて、燃焼すべき燃料、すなわちディーゼル燃料もしくは重油は、メイン噴射システムを介してのみ、ディーゼルエンジンのシリンダに導入される。二元燃料エンジンについては、メイン噴射システムに加えてパイロット噴射システムが設けられていることが知られており、二元燃料エンジンにおいてディーゼル燃料もしくは重油を燃料として用いる場合、当該ディーゼル燃料もしくは重油は、メイン噴射システムを介してのみ二元燃料エンジンのシリンダに導入され、ガスを燃料として用いる場合は、メイン噴射システムを介してガスがシリンダに導入され、当該ガスに点火を行うためにパイロット噴射システムを介してディーゼル燃料が、シリンダに導入されたガスに導入される。詳細な説明および請求項においてディーゼル燃料という概念が用いられるとき、重油もディーゼル燃料と理解されるべきである。 The internal combustion engine is implemented as a diesel engine that can be operated using only diesel fuel or heavy oil, or as a dual fuel engine that can be operated selectively using diesel fuel or heavy oil, or optionally with gas. There is. In a diesel engine that can be operated using only diesel fuel or heavy oil, the fuel to be burned, ie diesel fuel or heavy oil, is introduced into the cylinder of the diesel engine only through the main injection system. It is known that a pilot injection system is provided in addition to the main injection system for a dual fuel engine, and when diesel fuel or heavy oil is used as fuel in the dual fuel engine, the diesel fuel or heavy oil is used. When introduced into the cylinder of a dual fuel engine only via the main injection system and using gas as fuel, the gas is introduced into the cylinder via the main injection system and a pilot injection system is used to ignite the gas. Diesel fuel is introduced into the gas introduced into the cylinder through. When the concept of diesel fuel is used in the detailed description and claims, heavy oil should also be understood as diesel fuel.

上記の点に鑑み、本発明は内燃機関を作動させるための新式な方法を創出することを課題とする。 In view of the above points, it is an object of the present invention to create a new method for operating an internal combustion engine.

上記の課題は本発明の第一の態様によれば、請求項１に記載の内燃機関を作動させるための方法によって解決される。 According to the first aspect of the present invention, the above-mentioned problem is solved by the method for operating an internal combustion engine according to claim 1.

上記の方法によれば、メイン噴射システムを介してシリンダに導入されるディーゼル燃料メイン噴射量に対して、時間的に前におよび／または時間的に後に、パイロット噴射システムを介して、ディーゼル燃料メイン噴射量と比べて比較的小さなディーゼル燃料プレ噴射量および／またはディーゼル燃料ポスト噴射量が、シリンダに導入される。 According to the method described above, the diesel fuel main is introduced through the pilot injection system before and / or after the diesel fuel main injection amount introduced into the cylinder via the main injection system. A relatively small diesel fuel pre-injection amount and / or diesel fuel post-injection amount relative to the injection amount is introduced into the cylinder.

本発明により、メイン噴射システムを介してディーゼル燃料もしくは重油が、確定されたディーゼル燃料メイン噴射量によりシリンダに導入されるとき、パイロット噴射システムを介して、メイン噴射システムを介して導入されるディーゼル燃料メイン噴射量と比べて比較的小さなディーゼル燃料プレ噴射量および／またはディーゼル燃料ポスト噴射量を導入することが初めて提案される。ディーゼルエンジンにおいてパイロット噴射システムは、本発明の意味において初めて適応される。二元燃料エンジンにおいてパイロット噴射システムは、メイン噴射システムを介して燃料としてディーゼル燃料もしくは重油が二元燃料エンジンのシリンダに導入されるとき、本発明の意味において初めて適応される。本発明により、シリンダにディーゼル燃料もしくは重油を高精密に供給し、それにより汚染物質の排出を低減するために、噴射される燃料の量を正確に調整することが可能となる。 According to the present invention, when diesel fuel or heavy oil is introduced into a cylinder with a determined diesel fuel main injection amount via the main injection system, the diesel fuel is introduced via the main injection system via the pilot injection system. For the first time, it is proposed to introduce a diesel fuel pre-injection and / or diesel fuel post-injection that is relatively small compared to the main injection. In diesel engines, pilot injection systems are applied for the first time in the sense of the present invention. In a dual fuel engine, the pilot injection system is applied for the first time in the sense of the present invention when diesel fuel or heavy oil as fuel is introduced into the cylinder of the dual fuel engine via the main injection system. INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY According to the present invention, it is possible to accurately adjust the amount of fuel injected in order to supply diesel fuel or heavy oil to the cylinder with high precision and thereby reduce the emission of pollutants.

好適なさらなる構成によれば、ディーゼル燃料メイン噴射量はディーゼル燃料メイン噴射率によりシリンダに導入され、ディーゼル燃料プレ噴射量はディーゼル燃料プレ噴射率により、および／またはディーゼル燃料ポスト噴射量はディーゼル燃料ポスト噴射率によりシリンダに導入され、ディーゼル燃料メイン噴射率はディーゼル燃料プレ噴射率より大きく、ディーゼル燃料ポスト噴射率より大きい。ディーゼル燃料メイン噴射率がディーゼル燃料プレ噴射率より大きく、ディーゼル燃料ポスト噴射率より大きい場合、パイロット噴射システムを介して、燃料、すなわちディーゼル燃料もしくは重油は特に好適にエンジンのシリンダに導入され得る。 According to a preferred further configuration, the diesel fuel main injection is introduced into the cylinder by the diesel fuel main injection rate, the diesel fuel pre-injection is by the diesel fuel pre-injection rate, and / or the diesel fuel post injection is the diesel fuel post. It is introduced into the cylinder by the injection rate, and the diesel fuel main injection rate is larger than the diesel fuel pre-injection rate and larger than the diesel fuel post injection rate. If the diesel fuel main injection rate is greater than the diesel fuel pre-injection rate and greater than the diesel fuel post injection rate, the fuel, i.e. diesel fuel or heavy oil, may be particularly preferably introduced into the cylinder of the engine via the pilot injection system.

本発明の第二の態様によれば、上記の課題は請求項１１に記載の内燃機関を作動させるための方法によって解決される。当該方法によれば、内燃機関の上位負荷（高負荷）領域では、内燃機関のシリンダに、燃料としてディーゼル燃料もしくは重油がメイン噴射システムを介して供給され、それに対して内燃機関の下位負荷（低負荷）領域では、内燃機関のシリンダに、燃料としてディーゼル燃料もしくは重油がパイロット噴射システムを介して、しかしながらメイン噴射システムを介さずに供給される。これにより内燃機関の下位の部分負荷領域において、シリンダにディーゼル燃料もしくは重油を、高精密に供給可能である。 According to the second aspect of the present invention, the above problem is solved by the method for operating an internal combustion engine according to claim 11. According to this method, in the upper load (high load) region of the internal combustion engine, diesel fuel or heavy oil is supplied as fuel to the cylinder of the internal combustion engine via the main injection system, whereas the lower load (low load) of the internal combustion engine is supplied. In the load) region, diesel fuel or heavy oil as fuel is supplied to the cylinder of the internal combustion engine via the pilot injection system, but not through the main injection system. As a result, diesel fuel or heavy oil can be supplied to the cylinder with high precision in the lower partial load region of the internal combustion engine.

本発明の好適なさらなる構成は従属請求項と以下の詳細な説明に記載されている。本発明の実施の形態を図面に基づいてより詳しく説明するが、本発明は当該実施の形態に限定されるものではない。図面に示すのは以下の通りである。 Suitable additional configurations of the present invention are described in the dependent claims and the detailed description below. The embodiment of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiment. The drawings show the following.

内燃機関のシリンダを極めて概略的に表示する図である。It is a figure which displays the cylinder of an internal combustion engine very roughly. 内燃機関を作動させるための本発明に係る方法を明らかにするためのタイムチャートを示す図である。It is a figure which shows the time chart for clarifying the method which concerns on this invention for operating an internal combustion engine.

本発明は内燃機関を作動させるための方法に関する。作動される内燃機関は、ディーゼル燃料もしくは重油のみを用いて作動可能なディーゼルエンジン、または選択的にディーゼル燃料もしくは重油を用いて、もしくはガスを用いて作動可能な二元燃料エンジンのいずれかである。作動される内燃機関が、選択的にディーゼル燃料もしくは重油を用いて、もしくはガスを用いて作動され得る二元燃料エンジンとして構成されているとき、本発明は二元燃料エンジンのディーゼル動作モード、すなわち燃料としてディーゼル燃料もしくは重油が燃焼される動作モードに関する。ディーゼル燃料という概念が用いられるとき、重油もディーゼル燃料と理解されるべきである。 The present invention relates to a method for operating an internal combustion engine. The internal combustion engine to be operated is either a diesel engine that can be operated only with diesel fuel or heavy oil, or a dual fuel engine that can be selectively operated with diesel fuel or heavy oil or with gas. .. When the internal combustion engine to be operated is configured as a dual fuel engine that can be selectively operated with diesel fuel or heavy oil, or with gas, the present invention is the diesel operating mode of the dual fuel engine, ie. It relates to an operation mode in which diesel fuel or heavy oil is burned as fuel. When the concept of diesel fuel is used, heavy oil should also be understood as diesel fuel.

図１はエンジンのシリンダ１０を概略的に示している。シリンダ１０には、一方でメイン噴射システム１１を用いて、他方でパイロット噴射システム１２を用いて燃料が導入され得る。メイン噴射システムは例えば、コモンレール式噴射システムであってよく、その場合、個々のシリンダ１０にインジェクタが配設されており、当該インジェクタを用いて個々のシリンダ１０内に、メイン噴射システム１１を介してディーゼル燃料が噴射され得る。パイロット噴射システム１２を介して、メイン噴射システム１１から独立して、ディーゼル燃料がシリンダ１０内に噴射され得る。 FIG. 1 schematically shows a cylinder 10 of an engine. Fuel can be introduced into the cylinder 10 using the main injection system 11 on the one hand and the pilot injection system 12 on the other. The main injection system may be, for example, a common rail injection system, in which case injectors are arranged in the individual cylinders 10 and the injectors are used in the individual cylinders 10 via the main injection system 11. Diesel fuel can be injected. Diesel fuel can be injected into the cylinder 10 via the pilot injection system 12 independently of the main injection system 11.

本発明によれば、ディーゼルエンジンのシリンダ１０に、あるいはディーゼル動作において二元燃料エンジンのシリンダ１０に、メイン噴射システム１１を用いて、燃料としてディーゼル燃料が導入される。付加的にエンジンのシリンダ１０に、メイン噴射システム１１を介して導入されるディーゼル燃料メイン噴射量に対して、時間的に前に、および／または時間的に後に、パイロット噴射システム１２を介して、ディーゼル燃料メイン噴射量と比べて比較的小さなディーゼル燃料プレ噴射量および／またはディーゼル燃料噴射量が導入される． According to the present invention, diesel fuel is introduced as fuel into the cylinder 10 of a diesel engine or into the cylinder 10 of a dual fuel engine in diesel operation using the main injection system 11. In addition, the diesel fuel main injection amount introduced into the cylinder 10 of the engine via the main injection system 11 is temporally before and / or after the time, via the pilot injection system 12. A diesel fuel pre-injection amount and / or a diesel fuel injection amount that is relatively small compared to the diesel fuel main injection amount is introduced.

図２はエンジンのシリンダに関して、噴射サイクル１３を明らかにしており、図２において時間ｔに対する噴射率ｄｍ／ｄｔがプロットされており、当該噴射率ｄｍ／ｄｔは噴射量ｍの時間導関数に相当する。 FIG. 2 clarifies the injection cycle 13 with respect to the cylinder of the engine, and in FIG. 2, the injection rate dm / dt with respect to the time t is plotted, and the injection rate dm / dt corresponds to the time derivative of the injection amount m. To do.

図２は噴射サイクル１３に関して、メイン噴射システム１１を介して提供されるディーゼル燃料メイン噴射率１４の時間的経過を示している。図２はさらに、噴射サイクル１３の間に、パイロット噴射システム１２を介して提供される噴射率１５もしくは１６の時間的経過を示しており、図２によればメイン噴射率１４に対して時間的に前にも、メイン噴射率１４に対して時間的に後にも、パイロット噴射システム１２を介してそれぞれ、ディーゼル燃料が個々のシリンダに導入される。すなわち図２に示されるディーゼル燃料プレ噴射率１５を介しても、図２に示されるディーゼル燃料噴射率１６を介してもディーゼル燃料が個々のシリンダに導入される。 FIG. 2 shows the time course of the diesel fuel main injection rate 14 provided via the main injection system 11 with respect to the injection cycle 13. FIG. 2 further shows the time course of the injection rate 15 or 16 provided via the pilot injection system 12 during the injection cycle 13, according to FIG. 2, temporal with respect to the main injection rate 14. Diesel fuel is introduced into each cylinder via the pilot injection system 12 both before and after the main injection rate 14 in time. That is, the diesel fuel is introduced into the individual cylinders both through the diesel fuel pre-injection rate 15 shown in FIG. 2 and through the diesel fuel injection rate 16 shown in FIG.

ディーゼル燃料のみを用いて作動され得るディーゼルエンジンのシリンダ１０に、あるいはディーゼル動作において作動される二元燃料エンジンのシリンダ１０に、噴射サイクル１３の間に個々のシリンダ１０に、メイン噴射システム１１を介して、確定されたディーゼル燃料メイン噴射率１４でディーゼル燃料メイン噴射量を噴射し、さらに、噴射サイクル１３の間に、メイン噴射システム１１から独立して作動されるパイロット噴射システム１２を介して、メイン噴射システム１１を介して個々のシリンダ１０に導入されるディーゼル燃料メイン噴射量に対して、時間的に前におよび／または時間的に後に、ディーゼル燃料メイン噴射量と比べて比較的小さなディーゼル燃料プレ噴射量および／またはディーゼル燃料ポスト噴射量を導入すること、すなわち、ディーゼル燃料プレ噴射量をディーゼル燃料プレ噴射率１５で導入し、ディーゼル燃料ポスト噴射量をディーゼル燃料ポスト噴射率１６で導入することは、本発明の主旨である。このときディーゼル燃料メイン噴射率１４はディーゼル燃料プレ噴射率１５より大きく、ディーゼル燃料ポスト噴射率１６より大きい。 To the cylinder 10 of a diesel engine that can be operated using only diesel fuel, or to the cylinder 10 of a dual fuel engine that is operated in diesel operation, to the individual cylinders 10 during the injection cycle 13, via the main injection system 11. Then, the diesel fuel main injection amount is injected at the determined diesel fuel main injection rate 14, and further, during the injection cycle 13, the main injection system 12 is operated independently of the main injection system 11. The diesel fuel pre is relatively small compared to the diesel fuel main injection amount before and / or after time with respect to the diesel fuel main injection amount introduced into the individual cylinders 10 via the injection system 11. Introducing the injection amount and / or the diesel fuel post injection amount, that is, introducing the diesel fuel pre-injection amount at the diesel fuel pre-injection rate 15 and the diesel fuel post injection amount at the diesel fuel post injection rate 16. , The gist of the present invention. At this time, the diesel fuel main injection rate 14 is larger than the diesel fuel pre-injection rate 15 and larger than the diesel fuel post injection rate 16.

図に示す好適な実施の形態では、噴射サイクル１３の間に個々のシリンダ１０に、メイン噴射システム１１を介して個々のシリンダ１０に導入されるディーゼル燃料メイン噴射量に対して、時間的に前にも時間的に後にも、パイロット噴射システム１２を介して、ディーゼル燃料プレ噴射量およびディーゼル燃料ポスト噴射量が導入されるが、代替的に、メイン噴射システム１１を介して個々のシリンダ１０に導入されるディーゼル燃料メイン噴射量に対して、前にのみ、あるいは後にのみ、パイロット噴射システム１２を介して、ディーゼル燃料プレ噴射量か、ディーゼル燃料ポスト噴射量のいずれかを導入することも可能である。 In the preferred embodiment shown in the figure, the diesel fuel main injection amount introduced into the individual cylinders 10 during the injection cycle 13 via the main injection system 11 is temporally ahead of the diesel fuel main injection amount. Diesel fuel pre-injection amount and diesel fuel post-injection amount are introduced through the pilot injection system 12 and later in time, but instead, they are introduced into the individual cylinders 10 via the main injection system 11. It is also possible to introduce either the diesel fuel pre-injection amount or the diesel fuel post-injection amount via the pilot injection system 12 only before or only after the diesel fuel main injection amount to be generated. ..

すでに述べたように、ディーゼル燃料プレ噴射量およびディーゼル燃料ポスト噴射量はそれぞれ、ディーゼル燃料メイン噴射量より小さい。さらに図２から分かるように、ディーゼル燃料プレ噴射率およびディーゼル燃料ポスト噴射率はそれぞれ、ディーゼル燃料メイン噴射率より小さい。 As already mentioned, the diesel fuel pre-injection amount and the diesel fuel post-injection amount are each smaller than the diesel fuel main injection amount. Further, as can be seen from FIG. 2, the diesel fuel pre-injection rate and the diesel fuel post-injection rate are each smaller than the diesel fuel main injection rate.

図に示す実施の形態においてディーゼル燃料プレ噴射率１５とディーゼル燃料ポスト噴射率１６は同じ大きさであるが、異なる作動持続時間を特徴としており、それにより最終的にディーゼル燃料プレ噴射量とディーゼル燃料ポスト噴射量は、異なる大きさとなる。 In the embodiment shown in the figure, the diesel fuel pre-injection rate 15 and the diesel fuel post-injection rate 16 are of the same magnitude, but are characterized by different operating durations, which ultimately results in the diesel fuel pre-injection amount and the diesel fuel. The post injection amount will be different.

図２の実施の形態においてこのようにディーゼル燃料プレ噴射率１５とディーゼル燃料ポスト噴射率１６は同じ大きさであるが、ディーゼル燃料プレ噴射率１５に対する作動持続時間は、ディーゼル燃料ポスト噴射率１６に対する作動持続時間よりも小さく、それによりディーゼル燃料ポスト噴射量はディーゼル燃料プレ噴射量より大きい。 In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the diesel fuel pre-injection rate 15 and the diesel fuel post injection rate 16 have the same magnitude as described above, but the operation duration for the diesel fuel pre-injection rate 15 is the same as that for the diesel fuel post injection rate 16. It is less than the operating duration, so that the diesel fuel post injection is greater than the diesel fuel pre-injection.

図に示す実施の形態とは異なり、ディーゼル燃料プレ噴射率とディーゼル燃料ポスト噴射率が異なる大きさであること、および／またはディーゼル燃料プレ噴射率に対する作動持続時間と、ディーゼル燃料ポスト噴射率に対する作動持続時間が同じ大きさであることも可能である。 Unlike the embodiment shown in the figure, the diesel fuel pre-injection rate and the diesel fuel post-injection rate have different magnitudes, and / or the operation duration for the diesel fuel pre-injection rate and the operation for the diesel fuel post-injection rate. It is possible that the duration is the same.

ディーゼル燃料メイン噴射率はディーゼル燃料プレ噴射率およびディーゼル燃料ポスト噴射率より大きく、さらにディーゼル燃料メイン噴射率に対する作動持続時間は、ディーゼル燃料プレ噴射率およびディーゼル燃料ポスト噴射率の持続時間より大きく、それによりメイン噴射システム１１を介して導入されるディーゼル燃料メイン噴射量は、パイロット噴射システム１２を介して導入されるディーゼル燃料プレ噴射量および／またはディーゼル燃料ポスト噴射量より大きい。 The diesel fuel main injection rate is larger than the diesel fuel pre-injection rate and the diesel fuel post injection rate, and the operating duration for the diesel fuel main injection rate is larger than the duration of the diesel fuel pre-injection rate and the diesel fuel post injection rate. The diesel fuel main injection amount introduced through the main injection system 11 is greater than the diesel fuel pre-injection amount and / or the diesel fuel post injection amount introduced through the pilot injection system 12.

上記の動作態様は特に内燃機関の全負荷運転時あるいは上位の部分負荷運転時に有利である。内燃機関の下位の部分負荷運転時は代替的に、内燃機関のシリンダに燃料としてディーゼル燃料もしくは重油が、パイロット噴射システムを介してのみ、しかしながらメイン噴射システムを介さずに供給されることが行われてもよい。 The above operation mode is particularly advantageous at the time of full load operation of the internal combustion engine or at the time of higher partial load operation. Alternatively, during lower partial load operation of the internal combustion engine, diesel fuel or heavy oil as fuel is supplied to the cylinders of the internal combustion engine only through the pilot injection system, but not through the main injection system. You may.

従って本発明によれば、特に内燃機関の全負荷運転時あるいは上位の部分負荷運転時に、燃料としてディーゼル燃料もしくは重油が燃焼されるとき、そしてディーゼル燃料もしくは重油のみを燃焼させ得るディーゼルエンジンか、二元燃料エンジンでも、メイン噴射システム１１を介して個々のシリンダ１０に導入されるディーゼル燃料メイン噴射量に加えて、メイン噴射システム１１を介して導入されるディーゼル燃料メイン噴射量に対して、時間的に前に、および／または時間的に後に、パイロット噴射システム１２を介して、ディーゼル燃料メイン噴射量と比べて比較的小さなディーゼル燃料プレ噴射量および／またはディーゼル燃料ポスト噴射量が導入される。このときディーゼル燃料メイン噴射率はディーゼル燃料プレ噴射率より大きく、ディーゼル燃料ポスト噴射率より大きい。同様に、ディーゼル燃料メイン噴射率に対する作動持続時間は、ディーゼル燃料プレ噴射率およびディーゼル燃料ポスト噴射率に対するそれぞれの持続時間より大きい。パイロット噴射システム１２を介して噴射され得るディーゼル燃料プレ噴射量およびディーゼル燃料ポスト噴射量は、同じ大きさでよく、あるいは異なる大きさでもよい。ディーゼル燃料プレ噴射率およびディーゼル燃料ポスト噴射率、並びにディーゼル燃料プレ噴射率およびディーゼル燃料ポスト噴射率に対する作動持続時間は、同じ大きさであるか、あるいは異なる大きさであってよい。噴射率とは、噴射量の一次の時間導関数であることを再度指摘すべきである。 Therefore, according to the present invention, a diesel engine capable of burning only diesel fuel or heavy oil, and when diesel fuel or heavy oil is burned as fuel, especially during full load operation of an internal combustion engine or partial load operation at a higher level. Even in the original fuel engine, in addition to the diesel fuel main injection amount introduced into the individual cylinders 10 via the main injection system 11, the diesel fuel main injection amount introduced through the main injection system 11 is temporal. Before and / or after the time, a diesel fuel pre-injection amount and / or a diesel fuel post-injection amount relatively small compared to the diesel fuel main injection amount is introduced via the pilot injection system 12. At this time, the diesel fuel main injection rate is larger than the diesel fuel pre-injection rate and larger than the diesel fuel post injection rate. Similarly, the operating duration for the diesel fuel main injection rate is greater than the respective durations for the diesel fuel pre-injection rate and the diesel fuel post injection rate. The diesel fuel pre-injection amount and the diesel fuel post-injection amount that can be injected through the pilot injection system 12 may be the same magnitude or may be different magnitudes. The diesel fuel pre-injection rate and the diesel fuel post-injection rate, and the operating duration for the diesel fuel pre-injection rate and the diesel fuel post-injection rate may be the same or different. It should be pointed out again that the injection rate is the first-order time derivative of the injection amount.

本発明により、ディーゼル燃料もしくは重油をエンジンのシリンダ１０に高精密に供給することが可能である。これにより最終的に、エンジンの排ガスが低減され得る。メイン噴射システムは例えばコモンレール式噴射システムとして、あるいは従来型のテーパ端部制御式の燃料ポンプを備える噴射システムとして実施されていてよい。メイン噴射システムに対して、メイン噴射量の正確さに関する要求がなされてはならない。むしろ導入される噴射量の正確さは、パイロット噴射システム１２を介して実現され得る。 According to the present invention, it is possible to supply diesel fuel or heavy oil to the cylinder 10 of an engine with high precision. This can ultimately reduce engine emissions. The main injection system may be implemented, for example, as a common rail injection system or as an injection system with a conventional tapered end control fuel pump. No requirement should be made to the main injection system regarding the accuracy of the main injection amount. Rather, the accuracy of the injection amount introduced can be achieved via the pilot injection system 12.

１０ シリンダ
１１ メイン噴射システム
１２ パイロット噴射システム
１３ 噴射サイクル
１４ ディーゼル燃料メイン噴射率
１５ ディーゼル燃料プレ噴射率
１６ ディーゼル燃料ポスト噴射率 10 Cylinder 11 Main injection system 12 Pilot injection system 13 Injection cycle 14 Diesel fuel main injection rate 15 Diesel fuel pre-injection rate 16 Diesel fuel post injection rate

Claims (6)

内燃機関、すなわちディーゼル燃料のみを用いて作動可能なディーゼルエンジン、または選択的にディーゼル燃料を用いて、もしくはガスを用いて作動可能な二元燃料エンジンを作動させるための方法であって、前記内燃機関のシリンダに燃料としてディーゼル燃料がメイン噴射システムを介して供給される方法において、
前記メイン噴射システムを介して前記シリンダに導入されるディーゼル燃料メイン噴射量に対して、時間的に前におよび／または時間的に後に、前記メイン噴射システムとは独立したパイロット噴射システムを介して、前記ディーゼル燃料メイン噴射量と比べて比較的小さなディーゼル燃料プレ噴射量および／またはディーゼル燃料ポスト噴射量が、前記シリンダに導入され、
前記パイロット噴射システムのディーゼル燃料プレ噴射率とディーゼル燃料ポスト噴射率は同じ大きさであり、
前記パイロット噴射システムの前記ディーゼル燃料プレ噴射率に対する作動持続時間は、前記パイロット噴射システムの前記ディーゼル燃料ポスト噴射率に対する作動持続時間よりも短い
ることを特徴とする方法。 A method for operating an internal combustion engine, that is, a diesel engine that can be operated using only diesel fuel, or a dual fuel engine that can be operated selectively using diesel fuel or using gas, said internal combustion. In a method in which diesel fuel is supplied to the cylinder of an engine as fuel via the main injection system.
With respect to the diesel fuel main injection amount introduced into the cylinder via the main injection system, before and / or after the time, via a pilot injection system independent of the main injection system. A relatively small diesel fuel pre-injection amount and / or diesel fuel post-injection amount relative to the diesel fuel main injection amount is introduced into the cylinder.
The diesel fuel pre-injection rate and the diesel fuel post-injection rate of the pilot injection system are the same.
A method characterized in that the operating duration of the pilot injection system relative to the diesel fuel pre-injection rate is shorter than the operating duration of the pilot injection system relative to the diesel fuel post injection rate . 前記メイン噴射システムは、テーパ端部制御式の噴射システム、あるいはコモンレール式噴射システムであることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の方法。 The method according to claim 1, wherein the main injection system is a tapered end control type injection system or a common rail type injection system. 前記メイン噴射システムを介して導入される前記ディーゼル燃料メイン噴射量に対して、時間的に前におよび時間的に後に、前記パイロット噴射システムを介して、ディーゼル燃料プレ噴射量およびディーゼル燃料ポスト噴射量が、前記シリンダに導入されることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の方法。 Diesel fuel pre-injection amount and diesel fuel post-injection amount through the pilot injection system before and after the diesel fuel main injection amount introduced through the main injection system. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is introduced into the cylinder. 前記メイン噴射システムを介して導入される前記ディーゼル燃料メイン噴射量に対して、前にのみまたは後にのみ、前記パイロット噴射システムを介して、ディーゼル燃料プレ噴射量またはディーゼル燃料ポスト噴射量が、前記シリンダに導入されることを特徴とする請求項１に記載の方法。 With respect to the diesel fuel main injection amount introduced via the main injection system, the diesel fuel pre-injection amount or the diesel fuel post-injection amount through the pilot injection system is the cylinder only before or after. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is introduced in 1. 前記ディーゼル燃料メイン噴射量はディーゼル燃料メイン噴射率で前記シリンダに導入され、前記ディーゼル燃料プレ噴射量はディーゼル燃料プレ噴射率で前記シリンダに導入され、および／または前記ディーゼル燃料ポスト噴射量はディーゼル燃料ポスト噴射率で前記シリンダに導入され、前記ディーゼル燃料メイン噴射率は前記ディーゼル燃料プレ噴射率より大きく、前記ディーゼル燃料ポスト噴射率より大きいことを特徴とする請求項１から４のいずれか一項に記載の方法。 The diesel fuel main injection amount is introduced into the cylinder at the diesel fuel main injection rate, the diesel fuel pre-injection amount is introduced into the cylinder at the diesel fuel pre-injection rate, and / or the diesel fuel post injection amount is the diesel fuel. The present invention according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the diesel fuel main injection rate is introduced into the cylinder at a post injection rate, and the diesel fuel main injection rate is larger than the diesel fuel pre-injection rate and larger than the diesel fuel post injection rate. The method described. 前記パイロット噴射システムの前記ディーゼル燃料プレ噴射量と、前記ディーゼル燃料ポスト噴射量は異なる大きさであることを特徴とする請求項５に記載の方法。 The method according to claim 5, wherein the diesel fuel pre-injection amount of the pilot injection system and the diesel fuel post-injection amount are different in magnitude.
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