JP6742779B2 - 還元剤噴射装置、及び排ガス処理装置 - Google Patents
還元剤噴射装置、及び排ガス処理装置 Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
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- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/206—Adding periodically or continuously substances to exhaust gases for promoting purification, e.g. catalytic material in liquid form, NOx reducing agents
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/90—Injecting reactants
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
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- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
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- F01N3/2026—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means directly electrifying the catalyst substrate, i.e. heating the electrically conductive catalyst substrate by joule effect
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- F01N3/2073—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR] with means for generating a reducing substance from the exhaust gases
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- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
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- F01N3/2839—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration
- F01N3/2842—Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration specially adapted for monolithic supports, e.g. of honeycomb type
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Description
図1は、本発明の還元剤噴射装置100の一実施形態の断面(ハニカム構造部11のセル16の延びる方向に平行な断面)を示す模式図である。図1に示すように、本発明の還元剤噴射装置100の一実施形態は、ハニカム構造体1(第1のハニカム構造体、又はハニカムヒーターともいう。)と、尿素水溶液を霧状に噴霧する尿素噴霧装置2とを備えるものである。第1のハニカム構造体1は、柱状のハニカム構造部11及びハニカム構造部11の側面に配設された一対の電極部12,12を有するものである。ハニカム構造部11は、「「流体の流路となり流体の流入側の端面である第1端面13から流体の流出側の端面である第2端面14まで延びる複数のセル16」を、区画形成する隔壁15」を有するものである。一対の電極部12,12のそれぞれが、ハニカム構造部11のセル16の延びる方向に延びる帯状に形成されている。セル16の延びる方向に直交する断面において、一対の電極部12,12における一方の電極部12が、一対の電極部12,12における他方の電極部12に対して、ハニカム構造部11の中心を挟んで反対側に配設されている。なお、電極部12は最低一対で構成されるが、ヒーター発熱効率を良くするために複数対であっても良い。ハニカム構造部11のセル16の延びる方向の長さLとセル16の延びる方向に直交する断面の径Dとの比L/Dが0.5〜1.2である。
本実施形態の還元剤噴射装置100において、第1のハニカム構造体1は、上記のように、ハニカム構造部11及び一対の電極部12,12を備えるものである。第1のハニカム構造体1は、「流体の流路となる第1の端面から第2の端面まで延びる複数のセル」を区画形成する隔壁を有する。
尿素噴霧装置2は、ソレノイド式、超音波式、圧電アクチュエータ式、又はアトマイザー式であることが好ましい。これらを用いることにより、尿素水溶液を霧状に噴霧することができる。また、これらの中でも、ソレノイド式、超音波式、又は圧電アクチュエータ式を用いると、空気を使用せずに尿素水溶液を霧状に噴霧することができる。そのため、ハニカム構造体では尿素噴射に用いる空気まで加熱する必要が無くなり加熱するエネルギー量を少なくすることができる。更に、噴射空気が無いことで、噴射体積が減少しハニカム構造体を「霧状の尿素水溶液」が通過する速度を低下させることが可能であるため、加水分解に必要な反応時間を長く取ることが可能となる。尿素噴霧装置2から噴霧される尿素水溶液の液滴の大きさ(直径)は、0.3mm以下であることが好ましい。0.3mmより大きいと、第1のハニカム構造体1から熱を受けた時に、気化し難くなることがある。
第1のハニカム構造体1(ハニカム構造部11)の第2端面14側に、第2端面14に対し隙間を空けて、尿素加水分解触媒40が備えられていることが好ましい。これにより、効率的に尿素からアンモニアを生成させることができる。尿素加水分解触媒40としては、銅ゼオライト、酸化アルミニウム等を挙げることができる。
(2−1)第1のハニカム構造体の製造:
ハニカム構造体がセラミック製の場合、ハニカム構造体の製造方法は、以下のような製造方法であることが好ましい。ハニカム構造体の製造方法は、ハニカム成形体作製工程と、ハニカム乾燥体作製工程と、未焼成電極付きハニカム体作製工程と、ハニカム構造体作製工程とを有するものであることが好ましい。
ハニカム成形体作製工程においては、成形原料を押出成形して、ハニカム成形体を作製することが好ましい。成形原料は、セラミック原料及び有機バインダを含有するものであることが好ましい。成形原料には、セラミック原料及び有機バインダ以外に、界面活性剤、焼結助剤、造孔材、水等が含有されることが好ましい。成形原料は、これらの原料を混合して作製することができる。
ハニカム乾燥体作製工程は、得られたハニカム成形体を乾燥させて、ハニカム乾燥体を作製する工程であることが好ましい。乾燥条件は、特に限定されず、公知の条件を用いることができる。例えば、80〜120℃で、0.5〜5時間乾燥させることが好ましい。
未焼成電極付きハニカム体作製工程は、まず、ハニカム乾燥体の側面に、セラミック原料と水とを含有する電極形成用スラリーを塗布することが好ましい。そして、その後、電極形成用スラリーを乾燥させて未焼成電極を形成して、未焼成電極付きハニカム体を作製することが好ましい。
ハニカム構造体作製工程は、未焼成電極付きハニカム体を焼成してハニカム構造体を作製する工程である。
外筒4に、外部からの電気配線を繋ぐコネクターを取り付け、ハニカム構造体及び尿素噴霧装置2を外筒4に収納し、固定して還元剤噴射装置100を作製することが好ましい。
上述の第1のハニカム構造体1と同様にして、第2のハニカム構造体41を製造することができる。
本実施形態の還元剤噴射装置100(図1を参照)の使用方法は、以下の通りである。
本発明の排ガス処理装置の一実施形態(排ガス処理装置200)は、排気管51と、還元剤噴射装置100と、「排気管51の、アンモニアが噴射される位置より下流側」に配置されたSCR触媒52とを備えるものである。還元剤噴射装置100は、排気管51内にアンモニアを噴射するものである。排気管51は、「NOXを含有する排ガスc」を流す配管である。
本発明の排ガス処理方法の一実施形態は、図3に示される本発明の排ガス処理装置の一実施形態(排ガス処理装置200)を用いて、排気管51に排ガスcを流し、排ガスcにアンモニアbを噴射し、混合ガスをSCR触媒52で還元処理する方法である。これにより、NOX除去後の排ガスeが得られる。上記排ガスcは、NOXを含有するものである。上記混合ガスは、「アンモニアが混入した排ガス」であり、アンモニアと排ガスとの混合ガスdである。アンモニアbの噴射は、還元剤噴射装置100によって行う。
図1に示されるような、還元剤噴射装置100を作製した。具体的には、以下の通りである。まず、第1のハニカム構造体1を作製した。
実施例1と同様にして、実施例2〜10、比較例1〜3についても、ハニカム構造部11のセル16の延びる方向の長さLとセル16の延びる方向に直交する断面の径Dを変化させて、第1のハニカム構造体1を作製した。サイズは、表1に示す。以下、実施例1、4、9及び10を、参考例1、4、9及び10とする。
Claims (3)
- 流体の流路となり流体の流入側の端面である第1端面から流体の流出側の端面である第2端面まで延びる複数のセルを、区画形成する隔壁を有する柱状のハニカム構造部、及び前記ハニカム構造部の側面に配設された少なくとも一対の電極部を有する第1のハニカム構造体と、
尿素水溶液を霧状に噴霧する尿素噴霧装置とを備え、
前記一対の電極部のそれぞれが、前記ハニカム構造部のセルの延びる方向に延びる帯状に形成され、前記セルの延びる方向に直交する断面において、前記一対の電極部における一方の前記電極部が、前記一対の電極部における他方の前記電極部に対して、前記ハニカム構造部の中心を挟んで反対側に配設され、
前記ハニカム構造部の前記セルの延びる方向の長さLと前記セルの延びる方向に直交する断面の径Dとの比L/Dが0.7〜0.9であり、
前記尿素噴霧装置から噴霧された前記尿素水溶液が、前記ハニカム構造部の前記第1端面から前記セル内に供給され、前記セル内に供給された前記尿素水溶液中の尿素が、通電加熱された前記ハニカム構造部内で加熱されて加水分解されて、アンモニアが生成し、前記アンモニアが前記第2端面から前記ハニカム構造部の外側に排出され、前記アンモニアが外部に噴射される還元剤噴射装置。 - 前記ハニカム構造部の前記第2端面側に、前記第2端面に対し隙間を空けて、尿素加水分解触媒体が備えられている請求項1に記載の還元剤噴射装置。
- NOXを含有する排ガスを流す排気管と、
前記排気管内にアンモニアを噴射する請求項1または2に記載の還元剤噴射装置と、
前記排気管の、前記アンモニアが噴射される位置より下流側に配置されたSCR触媒とを備えた排ガス処理装置。
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