JP6731500B2 - Raft重合による新規付着防止技術 - Google Patents
Raft重合による新規付着防止技術 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6731500B2 JP6731500B2 JP2018560976A JP2018560976A JP6731500B2 JP 6731500 B2 JP6731500 B2 JP 6731500B2 JP 2018560976 A JP2018560976 A JP 2018560976A JP 2018560976 A JP2018560976 A JP 2018560976A JP 6731500 B2 JP6731500 B2 JP 6731500B2
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- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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Description
本発明は、Navy/Office of Naval Researchにより授与されたN00014−13−1−0443として政府の支援によりなされた。政府は本発明に一定の権利を有する。
本出願の目的のために、以下の用語は以下の意味を有するものとする。
本発明による特定の実施形態は、指向性生物接着コーティングを形成する方法を提供する。特定の実施形態によれば、その方法は、基材の表面上にグラフトモノマー層を有する基材を準備するステップと、グラフトモノマー層の異なる部分を選択的に除去して基材表面を露出させるステップと、可逆的付加−開裂連鎖移動(RAFT)剤を用いた可逆的付加−開裂連鎖移動(RAFT)重合によりグラフトモノマー層の残りの部分を重合して複数のグラフトポリマーを形成するステップと、同時に残りのグラフトモノマー層を重合しながら、複数のグラフトポリマーを基材にグラフトして基材上に化学パターンを形成するステップとを含む。図1Aに示されるように、例えば、生物付着防止コーティング1(RAFT重合前)は、グラフトモノマー層24を有する基材22を含み、このグラフトモノマー層24は、基材22の表面26上に位置付けられて除去された異なる部分を有する。しかしながら、図1Bは、複数のグラフトポリマー28が基材22の表面26上に配置されるように、RAFT重合およびグラフト化後の生物付着防止コーティング1を示す。
別の態様において、本発明による特定の実施形態は、基材表面上に生物接着を指向する(方向付ける、誘導する(directing))方法を提供する。特定の実施形態によれば、方法は、基材表面上に指向された生物接着コーティングを提供するステップを含み、指向された生物接着コーティングは、基材と、基材上にグラフトされた複数のグラフトポリマーとを含む。以前に説明されるように、複数のグラフトポリマーは基材上に化学パターンを画定する。
白金触媒によるXiameter(登録商標)RTV−4232−T2 two−part PDMS樹脂をDow Corningから購入し、ホウケイ酸塩顕微鏡スライドガラス(76mm×25mm×1mm)をFisher Scientificから購入し、溶融石英板(研削および研磨した、3.5インチ×3.5インチ×0.062インチ)をTechnical Glass Productsから購入した。アクリル酸(200ppmのヒドロキノンモノメチルエーテル(MEHQ)を有する99重量%)(AAc)、アクリルアミド(>99重量%)(AAm)、ヒドロキシエチルメタクリレート(250ppmのMEHQを有する97重量%)(HEMA)、(3−アクリロミドプロピル(acrylomidopropyl)トリメチルアンモニウムクロリド溶液(3000ppmのMEHQを有するH2O中に75wt%)(APTA)、およびベンゾフェノン(≧99wt%)(BP)をSigma−Aldrichから購入した。1−[4−(2−ヒドロキシエトキシ)−フェニル]−2−ヒドロキシ−2−メチル−1−プロパン−1−オン(Irgacure 2959)をCibaから購入した。
図9は、本発明の特定の実施形態によるPDMSe表面上のウスバアオノリ付着密度を示す。試験コーティングを、70%イソプロピルアルコール(IPA)およびDI水中での3回の洗浄によって滅菌した。コーティングを、試験前に0.22μmの濾過人工海水(ASW)中で24時間平衡化した。遊走子はウスバアオノリの成熟植物から得た。遊走子の懸濁液をOD600nm=0.15(1.106の胞子ml−1に等しい)で調製し、そこから10mLを、試料を含有するquadriPERMディッシュの個々の区画に加えた。約20℃の暗所で45分後、沈殿していない(すなわち、泳動している)胞子を除去するために、スライドをASWのビーカーに10回通すことによって洗浄した。スライドを、ASW中の2.5%グルタルアルデヒドを使用して固定した。表面に付着した遊走子の密度を、Zeiss Axioskop蛍光顕微鏡(Zeiss、Oberkochen、ドイツ)に結合したAxioVision 4ソフトウェア(https://www.zeiss.com/microscopy.html)を使用して計数した。胞子をクロロフィルの自己蛍光によって可視化した。コーティング種類あたり3つの複製スライドにおいて各スライド上の30視野(それぞれ0.15mm2)について計数を行った。鋳放しのPDMSeコーティングを対照標準として使用した。
図10は、本発明の特定の実施形態による、陽性(増殖培地)および陰性(トリクロサン)増殖対照と比較した、試験表面についての浸出液毒性の比較を示す。N.インケルタに対する試料浸出液毒性を、処理コーティングの一晩抽出物(栄養素を含むASW)に珪藻を導入し、クロロフィルの蛍光により48時間後の増殖を評価することによって評価した(図S8)。コーティング浸出液における増殖を、陽性増殖対照(新鮮な栄養培地)および陰性増殖対照(培地+細菌+6μg/mlのトリクロサン)と比較した蛍光比として報告した。PCAgPDMS試料は浸出液毒性の証拠を示さなかったが、IS700およびIS900試料は、7日間の水道水浸漬にもかかわらず軽度の毒性を示した。PCAgPDMSコーティングは、PDMSe対照と比較して48時間のバイオフィルム成長に影響を与えなかったが、IS700およびIS900はおそらくそれらの軽度の毒性に起因して成長の減少を示した。C.ライティカに対する試料浸出液毒性を同様に評価した。図10の上のグラフでは、浸出液をN.インケルタに対して試験し、図10の下のグラフでは、浸出液をC.ライティカに対して試験した。グラフト表面1はP(AAm)−g−PDMSeに相当し、グラフト表面2はP(AAm−co−AAc)−g−PDMSeに相当し、グラフト表面3はP(AAm−co−AAc−co−HEMA)−g−PDMSeに相当する。図10に示されるように、グラフト表面のいずれも、毒性化合物の浸出の徴候を示さなかった。
図11は、本発明の特定の実施形態による、グラフト表面および非グラフト表面上の種々の条件によるN.インケルタの生物量を示す。特に、図11は、最初の付着、10psiの水ジェットの適用、および20psiの水ジェットの適用の2時間後のN.インケルタの生物量を示す。試料を、実施例2におけるウスバアオノリ遊走子沈降について使用されているものと同じ様式で滅菌した。コーティングを、試験前に0.22μmの濾過ASW中で24時間平衡化した。珪藻N.インケルタの細胞を250mlの三角フラスコに入れたF/2培地中で培養した。3日後、細胞は対数増殖期にあった。細胞を新鮮な培地で3回洗浄した後、収集し、希釈して、約0.25μg ml−1のクロロフィルaを含む懸濁液を得た。最初の付着測定のために、珪藻を、実験台上で約20℃にて10mlの懸濁液を含有する個々のquadriPERMディッシュ中の各コーティングの3つの複製の上に沈降させた。2時間後、スライドを含むquadriPERMディッシュを露出させてオービタルシェーカー(60rpm)上で5分間振盪した。次いで、分離した細胞を、個々のスライドを6回前後に移動させて海水のたらいにディッシュを浸漬することによって除去した(浸漬処理は、試料が空気−水界面を通過することを回避した)。試料をASW中の2.5%グルタルアルデヒド中で固定し、風乾した。表面に付着した細胞の密度を、蛍光顕微鏡に結合した画像分析システムを使用して各スライド上で計数した。以前に記載したウスバアオノリについてのように、各スライド上の30視野について計数を行った。
能力を研究する比較目的のために含めた。
図12は、本発明の特定の実施形態による、グラフト表面および非グラフト表面上の種々の条件によるC.ライティカの生物量を示す。特に、図12は、最初の付着、10psiの水ジェットの適用、および20psiの水ジェットの適用の2時間後のC.ライティカの生物量を示す。C.ライティカ試験はN.インケルタについての試験と同様の方法で行った。グラフト表面1はP(AAm)−g−PDMSeに相当し、グラフト表面2はP(AAm−co−AAc)−g−PDMSeに相当し、グラフト表面3はP(AAm−co−AAc−co−HEMA)−g−PDMSeに相当する。対照表面、グラフト表面、および既存の市販のINTERSLEEK(登録商標)製品について、10psiの水ジェットおよび20psiの水ジェットによって除去されたC.ライティカのパーセンテージは、以下の通りである:
本明細書において本発明の様々な態様および実施形態を説明してきたが、本発明のさらなる特定の実施形態は以下の段落に示されるものを含む。
Claims (20)
- 指向性生物接着コーティングを形成する方法であって、前記方法は、
基材の表面上にグラフトモノマー層を有するポリ(ジメチルシロキサン)エラストマー(PDMSe)基材を準備するステップと、
前記グラフトモノマー層の異なる部分を選択的に除去して基材表面を露出させるステップと、
可逆的付加−開裂連鎖移動(RAFT)剤を用いた可逆的付加−開裂連鎖移動(RAFT)重合により前記グラフトモノマー層の残りの部分を重合して複数のグラフトポリマーを形成するステップと、
残りのグラフトモノマー層を重合すると同時に、前記複数のグラフトポリマーを前記基材にグラフトして前記基材上に化学パターンを形成するステップと
を含み、
前記グラフトモノマー層は、a)アクリルアミドモノマーの層、b)アクリルアミドモノマーおよびアクリル酸モノマーの層またはc)アクリルアミドモノマー、アクリル酸モノマーおよびヒドロキシエチルメタクリレートモノマーを含む、方法。 - 前記基材の表面上にグラフトモノマー層を有するポリ(ジメチルシロキサン)エラストマー(PDMSe)基材を準備するステップが、
前記基材を準備するステップと、
前記基材上に前記グラフトモノマー層を提供するステップと
含む、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記グラフトモノマー層の異なる部分を選択的に除去することが、フォトリソグラフィーを含む、請求項1または2に記載の方法。
- 前記複数のグラフトポリマーを前記基材にグラフトすることが、紫外線(UV)により開始されるグラフトを含む、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 殺生物剤を前記グラフトモノマーと同時に使用するステップをさらに含む、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記殺生物剤が第四級アンモニウム塩を含む、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 指向性生物接着コーティングであって、
ポリ(ジメチルシロキサン)エラストマー(PDMSe)基材と、
前記基材上にグラフトされた複数のグラフトポリマーと
を含み、
前記複数のグラフトポリマーが、a)P(AAm)、b)P(AAm−co−AAc)、またはc)P(AAm−co−AAc−co−HEMA)を含み、
前記複数のグラフトポリマーが前記基材上に化学パターンを画定する、指向性生物接着コーティング。 - 前記指向性生物接着コーティングが、
ポリ(ジメチルシロキサン)エラストマー(PDMSe)基材の表面上にグラフトモノマー層を有する基材を準備するステップと、
前記グラフトモノマー層の異なる部分を選択的に除去して基材表面を露出させるステップと、
可逆的付加−開裂連鎖移動(RAFT)剤を用いた可逆的付加−開裂連鎖移動(RAFT)重合により前記グラフトモノマー層の残りの部分を重合して複数のグラフトポリマーを形成するステップと、
残りのグラフトモノマー層を重合すると同時に、前記複数のグラフトポリマーを前記基材にグラフトして前記基材上に化学パターンを形成するステップと
を含み、
前記グラフトモノマー層は、a)アクリルアミドモノマーの層、b)アクリルアミドモノマーおよびアクリル酸モノマーの層またはc)アクリルアミドモノマー、アクリル酸モノマーおよびヒドロキシエチルメタクリレートモノマーを含む、方法によって形成される、請求項7に記載の指向性生物接着コーティング。 - 前記基材の表面上にグラフトモノマー層を有する基材を準備するステップが、
ポリ(ジメチルシロキサン)エラストマー(PDMSe)基材を準備するステップと、
前記基材上に前記グラフトモノマー層を提供するステップと
を含む、請求項8に記載の指向性生物接着コーティング。 - 前記グラフトモノマー層の異なる部分を選択的に除去することが、フォトリソグラフィーを含む、請求項8又は9に記載の指向性生物接着コーティング。
- 前記複数のグラフトポリマーが、紫外線(UV)により開始されるグラフトにより前記基材上にグラフトされる、請求項7〜10のいずれか一項に記載の指向性生物接着コーティング。
- 殺生物剤をさらに含む、請求項7〜11のいずれか一項に記載の指向性生物接着コーティング。
- 前記殺生物剤が第四級アンモニウム塩を含む、請求項12に記載の指向性生物接着コーティング。
- 基材表面上に生物接着を指向する方法であって、前記方法は、基材表面上に指向性生物接着コーティングを提供するステップを含み、前記指向性生物接着コーティングは、
ポリ(ジメチルシロキサン)エラストマー(PDMSe)基材と、
前記基材上にグラフトされた複数のグラフトポリマーと
を含み、
前記複数のグラフトポリマーが、a)P(AAm)、b)P(AAm−co−AAc)、またはc)P(AAm−co−AAc−co−HEMA)を含み、
前記複数のグラフトポリマーは前記基材上に化学パターンを画定する、方法。 - 前記指向性生物接着コーティングは、
ポリ(ジメチルシロキサン)エラストマー(PDMSe)基材の表面上にグラフトモノマー層を有する基材を準備するステップと、
前記グラフトモノマー層の異なる部分を選択的に除去して基材表面を露出させるステップと、
可逆的付加−開裂連鎖移動(RAFT)剤を用いた可逆的付加−開裂連鎖移動(RAFT)重合により前記グラフトモノマー層の残りの部分を重合して複数のグラフトポリマーを形成するステップと、
残りのグラフトモノマー層を重合すると同時に、前記複数のグラフトポリマーを前記基材にグラフトして前記基材上に化学パターンを形成するステップと
を含み、
前記グラフトモノマー層は、a)アクリルアミドモノマーの層、b)アクリルアミドモノマーおよびアクリル酸モノマーの層またはc)アクリルアミドモノマー、アクリル酸モノマーおよびヒドロキシエチルメタクリレートモノマーを含む、方法によって形成される、請求項14に記載の方法。 - 前記基材の表面上にグラフトモノマー層を有する基材を準備するステップが、
ポリ(ジメチルシロキサン)エラストマー(PDMSe)基材を準備するステップと、
前記基材上にグラフトモノマー層を提供するステップと
を含む、請求項15に記載の方法。 - 前記グラフトモノマー層の異なる部分を選択的に除去することが、フォトリソグラフィーを含む、請求項15または16に記載の方法。
- 前記複数のグラフトポリマーを前記基材にグラフトすることが、紫外線(UV)により開始されるグラフトを含む、請求項15または16に記載の方法。
- 殺生物剤を前記グラフトモノマーと同時に使用するステップをさらに含む、請求項15〜18のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記殺生物剤が第四級アンモニウム塩を含む、請求項19に記載の方法。
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