JP6730683B2 - Edge-width measuring method and edge-width measuring device for angle steel - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a method for automatically measuring the side dimension (width) of an angle steel such as an equilateral angle steel, an unequal angle angle steel, and an unequal side unequal thickness angle angle steel during transportation (during running), and a measuring device therefor. It is about.

The dimension measurement of shaped steel products such as angle steel, H-shaped steel, I-shaped steel, and channel steel has conventionally been performed manually by using a measuring instrument such as a caliper while keeping the product stationary on an inspection floor. However, there are problems that it takes a long time for the dimension inspection and the measurement points are intermittent. Therefore, from the viewpoint of shortening the inspection time and guaranteeing the dimension over the entire length, technical development has been made to automatically measure the dimension of the entire product length.

As a method of automatically measuring the dimension of the shaped steel, there are a method of arranging a plurality of sensors and automatically measuring the product while the product is running, and a method of scanning the sensor while the product is stopped and automatically measuring it. For example, regarding the H-section steel, in Patent Document 1, a pair of two-dimensional rangefinders arranged so as to sandwich the H-section steel from a direction parallel to the flange of the H-section steel during running are described above. A dimension measuring method of H-section steel for measuring a flange width has been proposed.

Further, in Patent Document 2, from a light source unit for irradiating H-shaped steel material with predetermined light, a plurality of line sensors for inputting reflected light from the H-shaped steel material, and light reception signals from these line sensors, An edge position detection unit that detects the edge position of the H-shaped steel material, a plurality of lightwave distance meters that measure the distance to the surface of the H-shaped steel material, and the measurement signals from the edge position detection unit and the lightwave distance meter are input. Thus, there has been proposed a dimension measuring device for a shaped steel material, which is composed of an arithmetic processing unit for computing a predetermined outer dimension of the H-shaped steel material.

On the other hand, regarding the angle steel, for example, in Patent Document 3, the distance data obtained by scanning the laser rangefinder arranged in a tilted state in the vertical and horizontal directions of the stopped angle steel, the inclination angle, and the There has been proposed a chevron steel dimension calculation method in which the cross-sectional shape of the chevron steel is obtained from the position data and the dimensions of each part of the chevron steel are calculated based on this cross-sectional shape.

Further, in Patent Document 4, in a chevron steel extending in the longitudinal direction with its long axis oriented and having a chevron shape formed in the width direction, with respect to the measurement end portion that is the end portion in the width direction, The first light source emits sheet light extending in the vertical direction around the upper corner of the end surface of the measurement end, and the second light source emits sheet light extending in the vertical direction around the lower corner of the end surface of the measurement end. The edge shape detection method of the angle steel in which the profile obtained by irradiating from each of the measurement ends is individually photographed, and the two profiles obtained by the photographing are combined to obtain the profile of the measurement edge. Proposed.

JP, 2000-081311, A JP, 06-281429, A JP 2008-185491 A JP, 2013-134198, A

By the way, there is a difference in sectional shape between the H-section steel and the chevron steel. Specifically, since the cross sections of both width edges of the flange of the H-section steel are right angles and clear, the dimension measurement of the flange width is relatively easy, while the angle steel has the same shape as shown in FIG. In addition, the tip edges of the two sides are rounded, and the positions of the leading edges of the sides are unclear and not constant. Therefore, in the dimension measuring method of the H-section steel as in the conventional patent documents 1 and 2, there is a possibility that a portion other than the true leading edge portion may be regarded as the leading edge portion of the edge, and the edge portion of the angle steel may be considered. It is difficult to apply for width dimension measurement.

On the other hand, the technique of Patent Document 3 for measuring the dimensions of the angle steel is a method of measuring the dimensions in a state where the angle steel is stopped, and therefore cannot meet the demand for measurement during transportation (during running). ..
In addition, the technique of Patent Document 4 which similarly measures the dimensions of the angle steel is a method of detecting the end shape, the purpose is not to measure the dimensions, and since a plurality of sensors are used for shape detection, the dimensions of both end edges are measured. When trying to adapt to the measurement, there is a problem that the number of sensors increases and the equipment cost increases.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems of the prior art, and its object is to provide a two-dimensional laser displacement meter for measuring the product size of angle steel, particularly the side size (width) of angle steel during transportation. An object of the present invention is to propose a method for automatic measurement using the method and to provide a measuring device used for the method.

To solve the above-mentioned problems, the inventors focused their attention on the arrangement position of the two-dimensional laser displacement meter and conducted extensive studies. As a result, by arranging the two-dimensional laser displacement meter diagonally above and outside each edge of the measured side, the tip of the edge of the side can be reliably recognized and the width of the side can be accurately measured. The inventors have found that it can be measured and have developed the present invention.

That is, the present invention, in the method of continuously measuring the width of the side of the chevron steel during transportation using a two-dimensional laser displacement meter, the two-dimensional laser displacement meter, the measured side of the chevron steel during transportation. The side width is determined by arranging diagonally above and outside each edge, and combining the shape data of both edges of the measured side and the distance data to both edges obtained with each two-dimensional laser displacement meter. This is a method for measuring the edge width of angle steel, which is characterized in that it is calculated.

The angle width measuring method for angle steel of the present invention is characterized in that the above-mentioned two-dimensional laser displacement meter is disposed outside the measured side at 15°±5° with respect to a perpendicular to the measured side. To do.

Further, the present invention is a pair of two-dimensional laser displacement meters for measuring the shape of both end edges and the distance to both end edges of the side to be measured of the angle steel being conveyed.
A pair of two-dimensional laser displacement meter having a width dimension calculation unit for calculating the width of the side by synthesizing shape data of both end edges of the measured side and distance data to both end edges,
The pair of two-dimensional laser displacement gauges is an angle width measuring device for angle steel, which is arranged obliquely above and outside each of both end edges of the measured side.

The angle width measuring device for angle iron of the present invention is characterized in that the two-dimensional laser displacement meter is arranged outside the measured side by 15°±5° with respect to the perpendicular to the measured side. And

In addition, the angle steel edge width measuring device of the present invention is characterized in that two pairs of the above two-dimensional laser displacement gauges are arranged and the widths of two sides of the angle iron can be measured simultaneously.

Further, the angle steel edge width measuring device of the present invention is characterized in that it is installed on a chevron steel conveying line.

According to the present invention, by optimizing the installation position of the pair of fixed two-dimensional laser displacement gauges, it becomes possible to reliably detect the tip end of the edge portion of the angle steel, so that the angle The width of the steel side can be measured with high accuracy. Further, according to the present invention, by installing the side width measuring device on the angle iron conveying line, it is possible to automatically measure the width of the side of the angle steel during running over the entire length, so that the product The inspection time can be greatly reduced. Therefore, according to the present invention, it greatly contributes to the quality improvement and the productivity improvement of the angle steel.

It is a figure explaining the cross-sectional shape of angle iron and the width of the side used as a measurement object. It is a figure explaining the various cross-sectional shapes which the edge part of the edge of angle iron can take. It is a figure explaining the problem at the time of measuring the tip part of the edge of the angle steel. It is a figure explaining the side width measuring device of this invention. It is a figure explaining the structure of the side width measuring apparatus of this invention. It is a figure explaining the measurement processing flow in the side width measuring device of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the result of having measured the profile of the both-ends edge part of a to-be-measured side with a pair of sensor. It is an example figure which compared and showed the measurement result of the side width measured with the side width measuring device of the present invention, and a caliper.

Tolerances of shape and dimensions are specified in JIS G 3192 etc. for hot rolled shaped steel such as angle shaped steel and H shaped steel. For example, equilateral angle shaped steel, unequal side angle shaped steel, unequal side unequal thick type For steel, in addition to the widths A and B of the two sides as shown in FIG. 1 and the thickness t (t ₁ , t ₂ ) of the two sides, the deviation of the angle formed by the two sides from the right angle (squareness ) Etc. are specified.

As described above, in the past, dimensional measurement of angle steel was performed manually on the inspection line (inspection floor) at the end of the manufacturing process using calipers while the angle steel was stationary. It took time. Therefore, not only the dimension measurement points are limited, but also the dimension measurement on the inspection line becomes a rate-determining factor, which is one of the causes of stopping the angle steel rolling line. Therefore, for the purpose of improving the productivity of the inspection line, improving the operating rate of the rolling line, and improving the product quality, we studied to automate the dimensional measurement of the angle steel and further to measure it automatically during the running.

Here, the problem when trying to automatically measure the width (A, B) of the two sides of the angle steel is to measure the side dimension (width) of the angle steel in order to measure the edge position of the edge. However, the cross-sectional shape of the edge of the side has a roundness, and the tip of the side is overfilled as shown in FIG. Since it is unfilled as shown in (d), it is difficult for the sensor or the like to recognize the leading edge of the side. Here, the above-mentioned overfilling means that the shape steel cross-sectional shape obtained is larger than the groove cross-sectional shape of the hole-type (caliber) roll used when manufacturing the shape steel by rolling, and the protruding portion is On the other hand, the unfilled state means that the cross-sectional shape of the shaped steel obtained is smaller than the groove cross-sectional shape of the hole type (caliber) roll, and a chipped portion is present.

For example, as shown in FIG. 3A, when a pair of sensors 1 and 2 are installed on both sides of a side to be measured (side to be measured), the edges of the side are Although the leading edge can be recognized, the reference plane of the measured side cannot be recognized. Therefore, when the measurement data of the pair of sensors are combined to calculate the width of the side, an error is likely to occur. Further, when the angle steel rotates during transportation, the reference surface of the side and the line connecting the pair of sensors are not parallel to each other, which causes a problem that a measurement error occurs. Here, the above-mentioned "reference surface" refers to the outer surface of the side of the angle steel, and is the surface that serves as a reference when calculating the width of the side from the shape data and the like measured by the sensor.

Further, as shown in FIG. 3B, when one sensor 3 is installed above the reference plane of the measured side, that is, in the vertical direction, when the edge of the side is not filled, , There are cases where the leading edge of a rounded edge cannot be recognized.
In order to solve the problems of FIGS. 3(a) and 3(b), it is possible to combine the techniques of FIGS. 3(a) and 3(b). However, in this case, a total of three sensors are required, which increases the equipment cost. Also, when the angle steel rotates during transportation, the line connecting the side reference surface and the sensors 1 and 2 is not parallel. Even if an attempt is made to use the profile of the sensor 3 to interpolate it, since the sensor 1 or 2 does not illuminate the reference plane, the overlapping portion of the profile of the sensor 3 and the profile of the sensor 3 becomes narrow, and a measurement error occurs. There's a problem.

Further, in order to solve the problem of FIG. 3(b), as shown in FIG. 3(c), as shown in FIG. 3(c), the measurement is performed above both width edges of the measured side, that is, at both end edges of the measured side. It is also conceivable to install two sensors 4, 5 on the perpendicular to the measurement side. However, in this case, since it is necessary to accurately install the two sensors on the perpendiculars to the measured sides at both end edges of the measured side, it is difficult to adjust the sensor installation position or during transportation. When the angle steel of No. 3 is meandering or rotating, the leading edge of the edge may not be recognized.

Therefore, in order to address the above problem, the present invention shows two sensors 6 and 7 for measuring the shape of both end edges of the measured side and the distance to both width end portions, in FIG. 3(d). As described above, the sensor is disposed obliquely above and outside each of both end edges of the measured side, that is, the sensor is located outside the measured side with respect to a perpendicular to the measured side at both end edges of the measured side. In other words, in the widthwise cross section of the angle steel, the angle between the measured side and the line connecting the sensor and the edge of the measured side is more than 90° and less than 180°. It was decided to arrange so as to be within the range. By arranging the sensor at the above position, it becomes possible to reliably recognize the leading edge of the rounded edge even when the angle steel during transportation causes some meandering or rotation. There is an effect.

Here, in principle, the position (angle) at which the sensor is installed is such that the angle formed by the measured side and the line connecting the two-dimensional laser displacement sensor and the measured side edge is more than 90° and less than 180°. It should be within the range. However, if the angle exceeds 110°, there is a problem in that the reference surface of the measured side becomes too oblique with respect to the sensor, and the measurement accuracy of the shape and the distance deteriorates. On the other hand, if it is less than 100°, it is close to the perpendicular to the side to be measured at both end edges of the side to be measured, and thus the same problem as in the above-described FIG. Therefore, the installation angle of the sensor is within a range of 15°±5° outside the normal to the measured side at both end edges of the measured side, in other words, a line connecting the sensor and the measured side edge. It is preferable to arrange so that the angle formed by and is in the range of 105°±5°.

As described above, the two sensors are installed at an angle shifted outward from above the reference plane of the measured side, that is, the two two-dimensional displacement sensors are arranged in the widthwise sectional view of the angle steel. By installing it at a position where the angle formed by the line connecting the two-dimensional displacement sensor and the measured part and the measured side exceeds 90°, preferably in the range of 105°±5°, the tip of the measured side The width of the measured side can be accurately measured.

In addition to the angle at which the sensor is installed, the distance between the sensor and the measured portion is important for the installation position of the sensor. This distance may be within the measurable range of the sensor used for measurement. Therefore, the optimum distance may be determined from the installation space of the place where the sensor is installed and the dimensions of the material to be measured (angle steel).

In addition, when the dimension of the angle steel, which is the object to be measured, changes, it is necessary to change the installation position of the sensor to the above-mentioned optimum position in accordance with it. Since there is a permissible range, it is easy to adjust the installation position.

Here, the sensor used in the present invention, as long as it can accurately measure the shape of the edge portion of the angle steel and the distance to the edge portion, there is no particular limitation, For example, a two-dimensional non-contact triangulation type that irradiates a laser beam emitted from a semiconductor onto a measured part and receives the reflected laser beam to measure the shape of the measured object and the distance to the measured object. A laser displacement meter is preferable, and for example, LJ-V series and LJ-G series manufactured by Keyence Corporation are suitable.

Incidentally, it is preferable that the position where the above-mentioned sensor is installed is such that the pass line of the chevron steel conveyed in the chevron production line is constant, for example, immediately after the rolling mill exit side, before and after product sawing, straightening line It is preferably installed on a delivery line such as a delivery side.

Further, the above sensor requires one pair (two units) of sensors for one side to be measured, and two pairs of sensors are required for simultaneously measuring two sides of the angle steel. The two pairs of sensors may be installed at the same position on the transfer line or separately at different positions.

Incidentally, FIG. 4 shows an example in which two pairs of sensors are installed on the conveying line on the output side of the shape correction line, and each of the above sensors can move vertically and horizontally on the cross section of the conveying line and at an angle. It has a structure that can be freely adjusted.

Further, since the sensor can continuously measure the shape of the edge portion of the angle steel and the distance to the edge portion of the angle steel without contact, by installing it on the above-mentioned transport line, It becomes possible to continuously measure the side dimension of the angle steel over the entire length.
When the edge width measuring device of the present invention is provided on a chevron steel conveying line, the present invention is directed to the purpose of guiding the chevron steel conveying position in the width direction of the conveyor line to each of the sensors. It is preferable to provide a guiding device on the upstream side and/or the downstream side of the side width measuring device.

Next, a method of calculating the width of the side from the shape data of the both side edges of the measured side measured by the sensor described above and the distance data to the both side edges will be described.
FIG. 5 shows the configuration of the side width measuring apparatus of the present invention, in which the shape data of both end edges of the measured side measured by a pair of sensors and the distance data to both end edges are measured by one measuring personal computer. The measurement result is stored in a (measurement PC), and the side size (width) is calculated from the measured data by the judgment personal computer (judgment PC) from the stored data, and the pass/fail judgment is performed. The controller shown in the figure is for setting the optical conditions and imaging conditions of the sensor and processing the measured profile data.

Further, FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the flow of measuring and calculating the side dimension (width) of the angle steel using the above-described measuring apparatus, and includes the following steps.
(1) Step S01: Determination of measurement target size The type and specifications of the angle steel to be measured are determined. This also determines the size of the angle steel to be measured.
(2) Step S02: Setting of Position and Angle of Sensor According to the size of the angle steel to be measured, the positions and angles of the two sensors per side to be measured should be within the scope of the present invention. Set to. Specifically, the positions and angles of two sensors are set when one side is the measurement target, and the positions and angles of four sensors are set when the two sides are measurement targets. It should be noted that it is preferable to set the conditions of the position and angle that are obtained in advance and that conform to the scope of the present invention in consideration of past knowledge and results of preliminary tests.
(3) Step S03: Setting of optical system and information processing system The controller sets the conditions of the optical system and the measurement system necessary for the measurement so that the conditions are predetermined for the size of the angle steel to be measured. To do. Further, the information processing condition for processing the profile to be measured is also set in the controller so as to be a predetermined condition according to the size of the target angle steel.
(4) Step S04: Calibration The width measurement is performed on the calibration test piece whose dimensions have been measured in advance, and the measurement result is within a predetermined error range with respect to the true side width dimension of the calibration test piece. Then, adjust the position and angle of the sensor. Here, the positions and angles of the two sensors are adjusted when one side is the measurement target, and the positions and angles of the four sensors are adjusted when the two sides are the measurement target.
(5) Step S05: Measurement When the calibration is completed, the measurement object material is conveyed to the side width measuring device and measurement is performed.
(6) Step S06: Saving Profile Data in Measurement PC Profile data at both edges of the measured side measured by the sensor (shape data of both edges and distance data to both edges) are saved in the measurement PC. .. For reference, an example of the above measurement data is shown in FIG.
(7) Step S07: Synthesis of Profile Data by Judgment PC and Calculation of Side Dimension (Width) The measured data is processed and the side dimension (width) is calculated. Specifically, first, profile data obtained from two sensors per side is combined by the determination PC. Then, a line perpendicular to the measured side is drawn on both end edges of the reference surface of the measured side to determine the leading edge. Then, the determined distance between the leading edge portions of both edge portions is calculated based on the calibration data, and this is set as the side dimension (width).
(8) Step S08: Judgment of Presence/Absence of Next Measurement Target Material The presence/absence of the next measurement target material is determined, and when the next measurement target material is present, the measurement target material is set to the side width measuring device of the present invention. It is transported and the processing from step 05 onward is carried out. If there is no next target material, it is determined that a series of measurement work has been completed, and the work is completed.
After step 07, there may be provided a step of performing pass/fail judgment for the obtained side dimension (width).

The side width measuring device of the present invention for continuously measuring the side dimension of the angle steel is installed on the transportation line between the cooling floor and the inspection floor of the shaped steel production line, and the unequal side unequal thick angle steel (A×B: The width of the side of 250 mm×90 mm, length: 10 m) was automatically measured over the entire length. In addition, a guiding device was provided at a position 0.9 m upstream of the side width measuring device to prevent the position of the unequal side unequal thick angle steel from fluctuating in the width direction of the transport line. Here, the side width measuring device is provided with two sensors for measuring the long side A and two sensors for measuring the short side B as shown in FIG. .. The sensor is a non-contact triangulation type two-dimensional laser displacement sensor (LJ-V7300 manufactured by Keyence Corporation), and the specifications of the sensor are as shown in Table 1.

Prior to the measurement of the side width, the installation angle of each sensor and the distance are set according to the flow shown in FIG. 6 so that the installation angle of each sensor with respect to the measured side is perpendicular to the measured side at both end edges of the measured side. On the other hand, the outside is in the range of 15°±5°, that is, the angle formed by the line connecting the sensor and the measured portion and the measured side is in the range of 105°±5°, and The installation distance, that is, the distance between the laser emitting portion of the sensor and the measured portion was adjusted to be within a range of 300 mm±100 mm. For the above adjustment, a calibration test piece having a known A dimension and B dimension, which is an unequal thickness unequal thick angle section steel (A×B: 250 mm×90 mm, length 500 mm) having the same cross-sectional shape as the object to be measured, is used. I was there.

The measurement of the side width by the side width measuring device was carried out on 12 unequal angle angle steels having the above-mentioned dimensions, and then, again, at the inspection floor, two points in the length direction front and rear ends and 9 points of 10 equal points ( The width of the side at 11 points in total) was measured with a caliper.
Then, from the measurement data by the side width measuring device, a side width measurement value at the same position as the position actually measured by the caliper is taken out, and a measurement difference between the measurement value and the measurement value actually measured by the caliper (side width measurement of the present invention is measured. The measurement value of the device-measurement value of the caliper) was obtained, and further, the average value of the above measurement differences and its standard deviation σ were obtained.

When obtaining the average value and standard deviation of the above measurement differences, the measurement difference at the tail end of the angle steel was excluded. This is because the angle steel is in a state of being restrained by the guiding device when measuring the side width 0.9 m or more before the rear end of the angle steel, but when measuring the side width at the rear end. This is because the angle steel is not constrained by the guiding device and is in a free state, so that the measurement accuracy is reduced. For reference, FIG. 8 shows the side width measurement result of the long side A in one angle steel. In FIG. 8, the distance from the angle steel top on the horizontal axis means the distance from the tip position of the angle steel. In addition, the results of the above measurements are summarized in Table 2.

Here, the average of the measurement differences in Table 2 represents the deviation (accuracy) of the measurement values of the side width measuring device of the present invention when the caliper measurement values are correct values (true values). .. This deviation is a value that should be corrected and eliminated by calibration using a calibration test piece whose absolute value is accurately known, that is, zero.
On the other hand, the standard deviation σ of the measurement difference represents the degree of variation (precision, accuracy) of the measured value of the side width measuring device of the present invention when the measured value of the caliper is a correct value (true value). It can be said that the smaller the value, the closer to the caliper measurement value, that is, the higher the measurement accuracy.
From Table 2 above, when 3 times (±3σ) of the standard deviation σ of the measurement difference is referred to as a measurement error (measurement accuracy), the measurement error of the side width measuring device of the present invention is the width resolution of the sensor. It is about twice as large as ±0.63 mm, and has sufficient measurement accuracy with respect to the side width tolerance (within ±4 mm) defined by JIS G3192 when the side width is 200 mm or more. Recognize.

Claims (4)

The width of the sides of the angle iron being transported, in a method for continuously measured using a two-dimensional laser displacement meter,
The two-dimensional laser displacement meter is disposed obliquely above each of both end edges of the measured side and outside the measured side by 15°±5° with respect to a perpendicular to the measured side .
Edge width measuring method for chevron steel characterized by synthesizing side width by combining shape data of both end edges of the measured side obtained by each two-dimensional laser displacement meter and distance data to both end edges .. A pair of two-dimensional laser displacement gauges for measuring the shape of both end edges and the distance to both end edges of the angled steel being conveyed,
A pair of two-dimensional laser displacement meter having a width dimension calculation unit for calculating the width of the side by synthesizing shape data of both end edges of the measured side and distance data to both end edges,
The pair of two-dimensional laser displacement gauges are disposed obliquely above both end edges of the measured side and outside the measured edge at 15°±5° with respect to the perpendicular to the measured side. An edge width measuring device for angle steel. 3. The angle width measuring device for angle steel according to claim 2 , wherein two pairs of the two-dimensional laser displacement gauges are arranged so that the widths of two sides of the angle steel can be measured at the same time. The edge width measuring device for angle steel according to claim 2 or 3 , wherein the edge width measurement device is installed on a angle iron conveying line.