JP6729302B2 - Countercurrent direct heating type heat exchanger - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a countercurrent direct heating type heat exchanger. More specifically, while the fluid to be heated flows in from the upper portion and flows out from the lower portion, and at the same time, the heating medium flows from the lower portion and flows out from the upper portion, the fluid to be heated and the heating medium are brought into direct contact with each other to generate heat. The present invention relates to a countercurrent direct heating type heat exchanger that performs exchange.

As a hydrometallurgical method for recovering valuable metals such as nickel and cobalt from low-grade nickel oxide ores such as limonite ore, high pressure acid leaching (HPAL: High Pressure Acid Leaching) using sulfuric acid The sulfuric acid leaching method is known.

Hydrometallurgy using the high temperature pressurized sulfuric acid leaching method includes a pretreatment step and a high temperature pressurized sulfuric acid leaching step. In the pretreatment step, nickel oxide ore is crushed and classified to produce an ore slurry. In the high temperature pressurized sulfuric acid leaching step, the ore slurry is charged into the autoclave, and the leaching process is performed under the leaching conditions such as temperature and pressure selected as necessary.

In order to maintain a high leaching rate, it is general that a temperature of about 200 to 300° C. is selected as the leaching condition of the autoclave. On the other hand, the temperature of the ore slurry produced in the pretreatment process is about the same as the outside temperature. Therefore, when the ore slurry is charged into the autoclave at the same temperature, not only the temperature inside the autoclave is lowered and the leaching rate is lowered, but also the temperature condition becomes unstable and the leaching reaction becomes difficult. Therefore, after preheating the ore slurry to bring it closer to the temperature in the autoclave, the ore slurry is charged into the autoclave.

A countercurrent direct heating type heat exchanger is used as a preheating facility for ore slurry (Patent Document 1). The countercurrent direct heating type heat exchanger is such that the fluid to be heated (ore slurry) flows in from the upper part and flows out from the lower part, and at the same time, the heating medium (steam) flows in from the lower part and flows out from the upper part. Heat exchange is performed by directly contacting the fluid to be heated and the heating medium.

JP, 2010-25455, A

When the countercurrent direct heating heat exchanger is used for heating the ore slurry, the side wall of the container of the countercurrent direct heating heat exchanger may be worn by the ore slurry.

In view of the above circumstances, it is an object of the present invention to provide a countercurrent direct heating type heat exchanger capable of suppressing wear of a container due to a fluid to be heated.

The countercurrent direct heating type heat exchanger of the first invention is provided with a container, a supply pipe horizontally provided inside the container, for supplying a fluid to be heated, and an end portion of the supply pipe. A supply port that opens downward, a rectifier connected to the supply port, and an umbrella-shaped dispersion plate whose apex is arranged vertically below the rectifier, and the rectifier has a tubular body and a tubular body of the tubular body. A guide plate provided inside, wherein the guide plate is arranged so as to partition the inside of the tubular body into a flow passage on the upstream side and a flow passage on the downstream side of the supply pipe, and the upper end thereof is It is characterized in that it projects into the supply pipe and is inclined with respect to the central axis of the cylindrical body so that its upper end is inclined toward the downstream side of the supply pipe .
The countercurrent direct heating type heat exchanger of the second invention is characterized in that, in the first invention, the rectifier includes a plurality of the induction plates.
A countercurrent direct heating type heat exchanger according to a third aspect of the present invention is the first or second aspect of the present invention, wherein the rectifier includes a partition member that partitions the inside of the tubular body into a plurality of flow paths along the central axis thereof. Characterize.
A countercurrent direct heating type heat exchanger according to a fourth aspect of the present invention includes a container, a supply pipe horizontally provided inside the container, for supplying a fluid to be heated, and an end portion of the supply pipe. A supply port that opens downward, a rectifier connected to the supply port, and an umbrella-shaped dispersion plate whose apex is arranged vertically below the rectifier, and the rectifier has a tubular body and a tubular body of the tubular body. A guide plate provided inside, and a partition member for partitioning the inside of the tubular body into a plurality of flow paths along the central axis thereof, wherein the guide plate is provided inside the tubular body on the upstream side of the supply pipe. Is arranged so as to be partitioned into a flow path and a flow path on the downstream side, the upper end thereof projects into the supply pipe, a slit is formed in the cylindrical body, and the partition member has an insertion plate. The insertion plate is inserted into the slit and they are welded.
A countercurrent direct heating type heat exchanger according to a fifth aspect of the present invention includes a container, a supply pipe horizontally provided inside the container, a supply pipe for supplying a fluid to be heated, and an end portion of the supply pipe. A supply port that opens downward, a rectifier connected to the supply port, and an umbrella-shaped dispersion plate whose apex is arranged vertically below the rectifier, and the rectifier has a tubular body and a tubular body of the tubular body. A guide plate provided inside, and a partition member for partitioning the inside of the tubular body into a plurality of flow paths along the central axis thereof, wherein the guide plate is provided inside the tubular body on the upstream side of the supply pipe. Is arranged so as to be partitioned into a flow path and a flow path on the downstream side, the upper end of which is projected into the supply pipe, the partition member is arranged on the central axis of the tubular body, and the fluid to be heated is It is characterized in that it is provided with a baffle member that obstructs the flow.
A countercurrent direct heating type heat exchanger according to a sixth aspect of the present invention includes a container, a supply pipe horizontally provided inside the container, a supply pipe for supplying a fluid to be heated, and an end portion of the supply pipe. A supply port that opens downward, a rectifier connected to the supply port, and an umbrella-shaped dispersion plate whose apex is arranged vertically below the rectifier, and the rectifier has a tubular body and a tubular body of the tubular body. A guide plate provided inside, wherein the guide plate is arranged so as to partition the inside of the tubular body into a flow passage on the upstream side and a flow passage on the downstream side of the supply pipe, and the upper end thereof is It is characterized in that it projects into the supply pipe, and the vicinity of the apex of the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate is covered with a sacrificial material.
A countercurrent direct heating type heat exchanger according to a seventh aspect of the present invention includes a container, a supply pipe provided horizontally inside the container, a supply pipe for supplying a fluid to be heated, and an end portion of the supply pipe. A supply port that opens downward, a rectifier connected to the supply port, and an umbrella-shaped dispersion plate whose apex is arranged vertically below the rectifier, and the rectifier has a tubular body and a tubular body of the tubular body. A guide plate provided inside, wherein the guide plate is arranged so as to partition the inside of the tubular body into a flow passage on the upstream side and a flow passage on the downstream side of the supply pipe, and the upper end thereof is protrudes into the supply pipe, the distance between the apex of the umbrella dispersion plate and the rectifier of the opening is characterized in that said at most 1.3 times 1.1 times or more of the rectifier diameter.
A countercurrent direct heating type heat exchanger of an eighth invention is the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth or seventh invention, wherein the rectifier is detachably connected to the supply port. It is characterized by
The countercurrent direct heating type heat exchanger of the ninth invention is the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh or eighth invention, wherein the fluid to be heated is a slurry. It is characterized by

According to the first aspect of the invention, since the upper end of the guide plate projects into the supply pipe, the flow rate of the fluid to be heated introduced into the flow path on the upstream side can be increased. As a result, it is possible to suppress the flow rate uneven flow of the fluid to be heated, and thus it is possible to uniformly disperse the fluid to be heated in all directions of the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate. Therefore, the amount of the fluid to be heated that comes into contact with the side wall of the container does not locally increase, and it is possible to suppress the abrasion of the container due to the fluid to be heated. Further, since the guide plate is inclined so that the upper end is inclined to the downstream side, the flow velocity in the upstream flow passage can be increased, and the flow velocity in the downstream flow passage can be decreased. Accordingly, it is possible to suppress the flow rate uneven flow of the fluid to be heated.
According to the second aspect of the invention, since the rectifier is provided with the plurality of induction plates, the flow rate of the fluid to be heated can be adjusted in fine sections, and the flow rate of the fluid to be heated can be made more uniform.
According to the third aspect of the invention, since the partition member can suppress the directional flow of the fluid to be heated, the fluid to be heated flows down near the apex of the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate and is uniformly dispersed in all directions of the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate. It Therefore, the amount of the fluid to be heated that comes into contact with the side wall of the container does not locally increase, and it is possible to suppress the abrasion of the container due to the fluid to be heated.
According to the fourth aspect of the invention, since the cylindrical body and the partition member are firmly joined by fitting and welding, the resistance caused by the flow of the fluid to be heated can be countered, and the rectifier is less likely to be damaged.
According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, the flow velocity of the fluid to be heated below the baffle member can be suppressed and the collision of the fluid to be heated to the apex of the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate can be weakened. It can be reduced.
According to the sixth aspect , since the sacrificial material receives an impact due to the flow of the fluid to be heated, it is possible to suppress the wear of the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate.
According to the seventh invention, since the distance between the rectifier and the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate is 1.1 times or more the diameter of the rectifier, the fluid to be heated flows smoothly, and the fluid to be heated and the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate are separated from each other. Friction is weakened, and wear of the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate can be suppressed. Since the distance between the rectifier and the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate is 1.3 times or less the diameter of the rectifier, the direction of the fluid to be heated flowing down from the rectifier does not easily change depending on the flow of the heating medium.
According to the eighth aspect of the invention, the rectifier can be removed, so that the rectifier can be easily replaced or repaired.
According to the ninth aspect , even if the fluid to be heated is a slurry, it is possible to suppress wear of the container due to the fluid to be heated.

It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a countercurrent type direct heating type heat exchanger A according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line II-II in FIG. 1. FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along the line III-III in FIG. 1. The hatching indicates the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20. FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along the line IV-IV in FIG. 1. In addition, the hatching indicates the annular current plate 30. It is an enlarged view of the vicinity of the supply port 12 when the rectifier 40 is not provided. FIG. 3A is a vertical sectional view of the rectifier 40. FIG. 6B is a plan view of the rectifier 40. It is a perspective exploded view of the rectifier 40. It is an enlarged view of the rectifier 40 vicinity. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the rectifier 40 in 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the rectifier 40 in 3rd Embodiment of this invention. FIG. 6A is a cross-sectional view of a rectifier 40 according to another embodiment. FIG. 6B is a cross-sectional view of the rectifier 40 according to still another embodiment. (A) is a simulation result of slurry concentration distribution. (B) is a simulation result of slurry flow velocity distribution. It is the whole hydrometallurgical process drawing.

Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[First Embodiment]
(Hydrometallurgy)
The countercurrent direct heating type heat exchanger A according to the first embodiment of the present invention is used for hydrometallurgy for obtaining nickel-cobalt mixed sulfide from nickel oxide ore using a high temperature pressurized sulfuric acid leaching method. As shown in FIG. 13, the hydrometallurgical process includes a pretreatment step (101), a high temperature pressure sulfuric acid leaching step (102), a solid-liquid separation step (103), a neutralization step (104), and a desorption process. A zinc step (105), a sulfurization step (106), and a detoxification step (107) are provided.

As a nickel oxide ore as a raw material, so-called laterite ores such as limonite ore and saprolite ore are mainly used. The nickel content of the laterite ore is usually 0.5 to 3.0% by mass. Nickel is contained in the laterite ore as a hydroxide or magnesia silicate (magnesium silicate) mineral. The iron content of the laterite ore is 10 to 50% by mass. Iron is mainly contained in the laterite ore in the form of trivalent hydroxide (goethite, FeOOH), but a part of the divalent iron is contained in the laterite ore as a silicate mineral.

In the pretreatment step (101), nickel oxide ore is crushed and classified to have an average particle size of 2 mm or less, and then slurried to produce an ore slurry. Excess water is removed from the ore slurry by using a solid-liquid separator such as thickener, and the ore slurry is concentrated so that the solid content has a predetermined concentration. In the high temperature pressurized sulfuric acid leaching step (102), sulfuric acid is added to the ore slurry obtained in the pretreatment step (101), and the temperature condition is adjusted to 200 to 300° C., and the high temperature pressurized acid leaching and leaching slurry are carried out. To get In the solid-liquid separation step (103), the leaching slurry obtained in the high temperature pressurized sulfuric acid leaching step (102) is subjected to solid-liquid separation to obtain a leaching solution containing nickel and cobalt (hereinafter referred to as "crude nickel sulfate aqueous solution"). Obtain the leach residue.

In the neutralization step (104), the crude nickel sulfate aqueous solution obtained in the solid-liquid separation step (103) is neutralized. In the dezincification step (105), hydrogen sulfide gas is added to the crude nickel sulfate aqueous solution neutralized in the neutralization step (104) to precipitate and remove zinc as zinc sulfide. In the sulfidation step (106), hydrogen sulfide gas is added to the dezincification final solution obtained in the dezincification step (105) to obtain a nickel-cobalt mixed sulfide and a nickel poor solution. In the detoxification process (107), the leaching residue generated in the solid-liquid separation process (103) and the nickel poor liquid generated in the sulfidation process (106) are detoxified.

The solid content concentration (weight ratio of the solid content (ores) in the slurry) of the ore slurry produced in the pretreatment step (101) greatly depends on the properties of the nickel oxide ore as a raw material. The solid content concentration of the ore slurry is not particularly limited, but is adjusted to 20 to 50% by mass. If the concentration of the ore slurry is less than 20% by mass, a large facility is required to obtain a predetermined residence time during leaching, and the amount of acid added also increases to adjust the residual acid concentration. Further, the nickel concentration of the obtained leachate becomes low. On the other hand, when the solid content concentration of the ore slurry exceeds 50% by mass, the scale of the equipment can be reduced, but the viscosity of the ore slurry becomes high, the carrier pipe is clogged, and a large amount of energy is required for transportation. Transport becomes difficult.

The high temperature pressurized sulfuric acid leaching step (102) further has two small steps (a preheating step and a leaching step). In the preheating step, the ore slurry at the outside temperature, which has been conveyed from the pretreatment step (101), is preheated to approach the temperature in the autoclave used in the leaching step. In the leaching step, the ore slurry conveyed from the preheating step is charged into an autoclave, sulfuric acid is added to the ore slurry, and high pressure air and high pressure steam are blown into the ore slurry for leaching.

The countercurrent direct heating type heat exchanger A of this embodiment is used for heating the ore slurry in the preheating step. If necessary, a plurality of countercurrent direct heating type heat exchangers A may be connected in series to heat the ore slurry in stages.

In order to maintain the water content of the ore slurry, the countercurrent direct heating heat exchanger A uses steam as a heating medium. As the steam, steam generated by a general method such as a boiler may be used. Further, when discharging the leached slurry from the autoclave, the pressure is gradually reduced using a pressure reducing container. The steam generated in the decompression container may be recovered and used as a heating medium of the countercurrent direct heating type heat exchanger A.

(Countercurrent direct heating heat exchanger A)
Next, the countercurrent direct heating type heat exchanger A according to this embodiment will be described.
The countercurrent direct heating type heat exchanger A is a heat exchanger that causes the fluid to be heated 1 and the heating medium 2 to flow countercurrently to directly contact the fluid to be heated 1 and the heating medium 2 for heat exchange. is there. In the present embodiment, the fluid to be heated 1 is the ore slurry 1 obtained in the pretreatment step (101) of the hydrometallurgy, and the heating medium 2 is steam 2.

As shown in FIG. 1, the countercurrent direct heating type heat exchanger A includes a substantially cylindrical container 10. The container 10 is vertically arranged so that its central axis extends along the vertical direction.

Inside the container 10, a supply pipe 11 is provided substantially horizontally on the upper part thereof. A heated object fluid supply port 12 is provided at an end of the supply pipe 11. The heated object fluid supply port 12 opens substantially vertically downward. A rectifier 40 is connected to the heated object fluid supply port 12. At the bottom of the container 10, more specifically, at the bottom of the container 10, a heated object fluid discharge port 13 is provided. The ore slurry 1, which is the fluid to be heated 1, is supplied into the container 10 through the supply pipe 11, passes through the fluid to be heated supply port 12, and flows down from the opening (lower end) of the rectifier 40. After that, the ore slurry 1 flows down in the container 10 and is discharged from the heated object fluid discharge port 13 to the outside of the container 10.

The solid arrow in FIG. 1 indicates the flow of the ore slurry 1. The heated object fluid supply port 12 corresponds to the “supply port” recited in the claims. Hereinafter, the heated object fluid supply port 12 is simply referred to as the supply port 12.

A heating medium supply port 14 is provided on the lower side wall of the container 10. A heating medium discharge port 15 is provided on the upper portion of the container 10, more specifically, on the top of the container 10. The steam 2 as the heating medium 2 is supplied into the container 10 through the heating medium supply port 14. Then, the water vapor 2 rises in the container 10 and is discharged from the heating medium discharge port 15 to the outside of the container 10. The broken line arrow in FIG. 1 indicates the flow of water vapor 2.

Inside the container 10, a plurality of umbrella-shaped dispersion plates 20 and a plurality of annular rectifying plates 30 are provided. The umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 and the ring-shaped straightening plate 30 are arranged alternately in the vertical direction with their centers substantially aligned. The umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 and the ring-shaped straightening plate 30 have inclined surfaces. The ore slurry 1 supplied to the inside of the container 10 flows down the inclined surfaces of the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 and the annular current plate 30, and flows down from the downstream edge thereof. By repeating this, the ore slurry 1 flows down in the container 10. On the other hand, the water vapor 2 supplied to the inside of the container 10 passes through the zigzag between the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 and the annular current plate 30 and rises in the container 10.

As shown in FIG. 2, the supply pipe 11 is arranged along the diametrical direction of the container 10 in a plan view, and extends from the side wall of the container 10 to substantially the center. A supply port 12 is formed at the end of the supply pipe 11. The supply port 12 is arranged substantially in the center of the container 10 in a plan view. Therefore, the rectifier 40 is also arranged substantially in the center of the container 10 in a plan view. The supply pipe 11 is linearly extended from its end and is supported by a beam 11 a reaching the side wall of the container 10.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 is an umbrella-shaped (conical) inclined plate. The umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 is arranged such that the apex faces upward, and the apex (center) substantially coincides with the center of the container 10 in a plan view. The apex of the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 is arranged vertically below the rectifier 40. Therefore, the ore slurry 1 is supplied from the rectifier 40 to the apex of the uppermost umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20, is radially dispersed by the inclined surface of the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20, and flows down from the downstream edge portion 21 in a skirt shape. Here, the downstream edge portion 21 of the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 is an edge where the side surface and the bottom surface are in contact with each other in the cone.

The topmost umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 is covered with a sacrificial material 22 in the vicinity of its apex. The sacrificial material 22 may be formed by hardfacing, or may be formed of a material having strength such as a steel plate.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, the annular flow straightening plate 30 is an annular inclined plate having a downward slope from the outer peripheral edge to the inner peripheral edge. The outer diameter of the annular straightening vane 30 is substantially the same as the inner diameter of the container 10, and the outer peripheral edge of the annular straightening vane 30 is in contact with the inner wall of the container 10. The annular rectifying plate 30 is arranged such that the center thereof (the center of the outer circumference and the center of the inner circumference) substantially coincides with the center of the container 10 in a plan view. The ore slurry 1 that has flowed down from the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 to the annular flow regulating plate 30 flows down toward the center due to the inclined surface of the annular flow regulating plate 30, and then flows down from the downstream edge 31 in a skirt shape. Here, the downstream edge 31 of the annular current plate 30 is an inner peripheral edge.

(Heat exchange by countercurrent direct heating type heat exchanger A)
Next, heat exchange by the countercurrent direct heating type heat exchanger A will be described.
The ore slurry 1 is supplied from the rectifier 40 to the inside of the container 10. The ore slurry 1 supplied into the container 10 first flows radially down the inclined surface of the uppermost umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20, and then flows down from the downstream edge 21 in a skirt shape. Next, the ore slurry 1 that has flowed down from the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 to the annular flow regulating plate 30 flows down toward the center of the inclined surface of the annular flow regulating plate 30, and then flows down from the downstream edge 31 in a skirt shape. This ore slurry 1 flows down to the next umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20. In this way, the ore slurry 1 alternately flows down the inclined surfaces of the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 and the annular flow regulating plate 30, and is then discharged to the outside of the container 10 from the heated object fluid discharge port 13 below the container 10.

On the other hand, the water vapor 2 is supplied to the inside of the container 10 from the heating medium supply port 14 in the lower part of the container 10, rises zigzag between the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 and the annular flow regulating plate 30, and the heating medium in the upper part of the container 10 is heated. It is discharged from the discharge port 15 to the outside of the container 10. During this time, the water vapor 2 flows along the ore slurry 1 flowing down the inclined surfaces of the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 and the ring-shaped straightening vane 30 and comes into direct contact with the ore slurry 1. By passing the ore slurry 1 flowing down from the downstream edge portions 21 and 31, it comes into direct contact with the ore slurry 1. Thereby, heat exchange between the ore slurry 1 and the steam 2 is performed.

As described above, the countercurrent direct heating type heat exchanger A allows the ore slurry 1 to flow in from the upper part and flow out from the lower part, and at the same time, the steam 2 to flow in from the lower part and flow out from the upper part while the ore slurry 1 And steam 2 are brought into direct contact with each other to perform heat exchange.

Here, the ore slurry 1 is radially dispersed by the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20. As a result, the contact area between the ore slurry 1 and the steam 2 is widened, and the heat exchange efficiency is increased. Further, the water vapor 2 is rectified by the annular rectifying plate 30, and flows along the ore slurry 1 flowing down the inclined surface of the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20. This also increases the contact area between the ore slurry 1 and the steam 2 and increases the heat exchange efficiency.

(Rectifier 40)
Next, details of the rectifier 40, which is a characteristic part of the present embodiment, will be described.
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of the vicinity of the supply port 12 when the rectifier 40 is not provided. The two-dot chain line O in FIG. 5 indicates a vertical line passing through the center of the supply port 12.

If the rectifier 40 is not provided, the ore slurry 1 flows in the supply pipe 11 in a substantially horizontal direction and then flows down from the supply port 12. Gravity acts on the ore slurry 1 flowing down from the supply port 12, so that the flowing direction is downward from the horizontal direction.

However, the momentum in the horizontal direction generated when flowing in the supply pipe 11 remains in the ore slurry 1. Therefore, the flow direction of the ore slurry 1 flowing down from the supply port 12 is inclined with respect to the vertically downward direction. The direction in which the ore slurry 1 tilts is the downstream side of the supply pipe 11 (leftward in FIG. 5). In the present specification, the phenomenon in which the direction of flow of the ore slurry 1 flowing down from the supply port 12 inclines with respect to the vertically downward direction as described above is referred to as “directional drift”.

The flow velocity distribution of the ore slurry 1 flowing down from the supply port 12 is faster on the downstream side V2 (on the left side in FIG. 5) than on the upstream side V1 (on the right side in FIG. 5) of the supply pipe 11. Therefore, when the flow rate of the ore slurry 1 is viewed locally, the supply pipe 11 has a small amount of upstream side and a large amount of downstream side. In this specification, the deviation of the flow rate distribution of the ore slurry 1 flowing down from the supply port 12 in this manner is referred to as “flow rate uneven flow”. In addition, the “directional drift” and the “flow drift” are collectively referred to as “drift”.

When the uneven flow occurs, the ore slurry 1 flowing in the uneven flow direction (downstream of the supply pipe 11) of the ore slurry 1 flowing on the inclined surface of the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 is stronger than the ore slurry 1 flowing in other directions. Become stronger. The strong ore slurry 1 flows down from the downstream edge 21 of the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20, and then contacts the side wall of the container 10. Therefore, the portion of the side wall of the container 10 located in the non-uniform flow direction (w portion in FIG. 1) has a larger amount of the ore slurry 1 in contact than the other portions. That is, the amount of the ore slurry 1 contacting the side wall of the container 10 locally increases. As a result, a part (w part) of the side wall of the container 10 is more easily worn by the ore slurry 1 than other parts.

Further, when the uneven flow occurs, the ore slurry 1 is not evenly distributed in all directions of the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20, and unevenness occurs. As a result, the heat exchange efficiency becomes low.

Further, the drift angle θ (angle formed by the flow direction of the ore slurry 1 and the vertical line O) varies depending on the flow rate of the ore slurry 1, the slurry specific gravity, and the solid content concentration. These parameters change during operation of the countercurrent direct heating heat exchanger A. Therefore, the drift angle θ changes during operation, and the position where the ore slurry 1 flowing down from the supply port 12 collides with the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 changes. The portion of the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 on which the ore slurry 1 flowing down from the supply port 12 collides is likely to be damaged. If the drift angle θ changes during operation, there is a possibility that the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 will be impacted by the flow of the ore slurry 1 over a wide range, and it is difficult to protect the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 against this.

In order to solve the above problem, a rectifier 40 is attached to the supply port 12. The rectifier 40 has a function of making the flow rate distribution of the ore slurry 1 uniform and adjusting the flowing direction vertically downward.

As shown in FIGS. 6A, 6B, and 7, the rectifier 40 includes a tubular body 41, a partition member 42, and a guide plate 45.

The tubular body 41 is a cylindrical member, and has a flange 41f at the upper end. The rectifier 40 is attached to the supply port 12 by connecting the flange 41f and the flange 12f of the supply port 12 with a bolt, a nut, or the like.

The cylindrical body 41 is formed with four slits 41s extending from the lower end to the vicinity of the upper and lower centers. These slits 41s are formed at equal intervals (intervals of 90°) in the circumferential direction of the tubular body 41.

The partition member 42 includes a pipe 42a having a small diameter and eight partition plates 42b joined to the outer circumference of the pipe 42a. These partition plates 42b are arranged at equal intervals (intervals of 45°) in the circumferential direction of the pipe 42a. In a plan view, the partition member 42 has eight partition plates 42b arranged radially around the pipe 42a. The pipe 42a is arranged such that its central axis coincides with the central axis O of the tubular body 41. The partition plate 42b is a flat plate and is arranged along the central axis O.

As shown in FIG. 6B, the lower portion of the tubular body 41 is partitioned by the partition member 42 into eight channels 44. Since both the pipe 42a and the partition plate 42b are arranged along the central axis O, each flow path 44 is along the central axis O.

The partition member 42 has a baffle member 43. The baffle member 43 is a disk-shaped member, and its diameter is substantially the same as the outer diameter of the pipe 42a. The baffle member 43 is arranged on the central axis O of the tubular body 41 and is joined to the upper end of the pipe 42a. The upper end of the pipe 42a is sealed by the baffle member 43. The flow of the ore slurry 1 is obstructed at the portion where the baffle member 43 is arranged. Therefore, the flow of the ore slurry 1 is obstructed near the central axis O of the tubular body 41.

The outer edges of four of the eight partition plates 42b project outward. This protrusion is referred to as an insertion plate 42c. The partition plates 42b having the insertion plates 42c and the partition plates 42b not having the insertion plates 42c are alternately arranged. That is, the insertion plates 42c are arranged at 90° intervals in the circumferential direction of the pipe 42a.

As shown in FIG. 6A, a guide plate 45 is provided on the upper portion of the cylinder 41. The guide plate 45 is erected at the center of the inside of the tubular body 41 and is arranged perpendicular to the axial direction of the supply pipe 11. Therefore, the upper portion of the tubular body 41 is partitioned by the guide plate 45 into a flow passage 46a on the upstream side and a flow passage 46b on the downstream side of the supply pipe 11. The guide plate 45 extends upward from the upper end of the tubular body 41, and the upper end thereof projects into the supply pipe 11. Therefore, the vicinity of the supply port 12 of the supply pipe 11 is also partitioned by the guide plate 45 into a flow path on the upstream side and a flow path on the downstream side of the supply pipe 11.

As shown in FIG. 7, two of the eight partition plates 42b are located at the position where the guide plate 45 is extended downward, and these two partition plates 42b and the guide plate 45 are integrally formed. In this way, the partition member 42 and the guide plate 45 can be integrally formed.

The rectifier 40 is assembled in the following procedure. First, the guide plate 45 and the partition member 42 are inserted from the lower opening of the tubular body 41. At this time, the insertion plate 42c of the partition member 42 is inserted into the slit 41s of the cylindrical body 41. Then, the slit 41s and the insertion plate 42c are welded.

By assembling the rectifier 40 in this way, the tubular body 41 and the partition member 42 are firmly joined by fitting and welding. When the ore slurry 1 passes through the rectifier 40, resistance (friction or impact) acting between the ore slurry 1 and the guide plate 45 and the partition member 42 causes a force to push the partition member 42 downward. However, since the tubular body 41 and the partition member 42 are firmly joined to each other, the downward force generated by the flow of the ore slurry 1 can be counteracted and the rectifier 40 is less likely to be damaged.

The method of assembling the rectifier 40 is not limited to the above method. The configuration in which the insertion plate 42c is inserted into the slit 41s does not have to be adopted. The inner surface of the tubular body 41 may be simply welded to the outer edge of the partition plate 42b. The cylindrical body 41 and the partition member 42 may be fixed by another method such as screwing.

Next, the function of the rectifier 40 will be described with reference to FIG.
The ore slurry 1 flowing in the supply pipe 11 is introduced into the rectifier 40 from the supply port 12. At this time, the ore slurry 1 is guided by the guide plate 45 and separately introduced into the upstream flow passage 46a and the downstream flow passage 46b.

As described above, when the flow rectifier 40 is not provided, the flow rate of the ore slurry 1 is locally reduced, and the supply pipe 11 has a small upstream side and a large downstream side. However, according to the present embodiment, since the upper end of the guide plate 45 projects into the supply pipe 11, more ore slurry 1 can be introduced into the flow path 46a on the upstream side, and the flow rate can be increased. As a result, the flow rate of the ore slurry 1 can be made uniform in the upstream side flow path 46a and the downstream side flow path 46b, and uneven flow rate of the ore slurry 1 can be suppressed.

The flow rate of the flow path 46a on the upstream side can be increased as the protrusion amount h of the guide plate 45 is increased. Therefore, the protrusion amount h of the guide plate 45 is adjusted so that the flow rate is uniform in the upstream flow passage 46a and the downstream flow passage 46b.

The ore slurry 1 that has passed through the flow passages 46 a and 46 b above the rectifier 40 is divided into eight flow passages 44 formed by the partition member 42 below the rectifier 40 and flows in. Since the ore slurry 1 flows in a plurality of channels 44 along the central axis O of the rectifier 40, the ore slurry 1 can be aligned in the direction along the central axis O of the rectifier 40.

The rectifier 40 is arranged so that its central axis O substantially coincides with a vertical line passing through the center of the supply port 12. Since the supply port 12 is arranged substantially at the center of the container 10, the central axis O of the rectifier 40 also substantially coincides with the central axis of the container 10. Therefore, the ore slurry 1 that has passed through the rectifier 40 flows vertically downward along the central axis of the container 10. Even if the ore slurry 1 in the supply pipe 11 flows in the horizontal direction, the partition member 42 can arrange the ore slurry 1 in the vertically downward direction. In this way, the partition member 42 can suppress the directional drift of the ore slurry 1.

As described above, since the uneven flow of the ore slurry 1 can be suppressed, the ore slurry 1 flows down near the apex of the uppermost umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 and is evenly distributed in all directions of the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20. The momentum of the ore slurry 1 flowing on the inclined surface of the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 does not locally increase. The amount of the ore slurry 1 contacting the side wall of the container 10 does not locally increase, and the wear of the container 10 due to the ore slurry 1 can be suppressed.

Further, since the ore slurry 1 is evenly dispersed in all directions of the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20, the heat exchange efficiency of the countercurrent direct heating type heat exchanger A becomes high.

Even if the flow rate of the ore slurry 1, the slurry specific gravity, and the solid content concentration change, the direction in which the ore slurry 1 flows can be maintained vertically downward. Therefore, the ore slurry 1 always collides with the vicinity of the apex of the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 and its position does not change. By covering the vicinity of the apex of the uppermost umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 with the sacrificial material 22, the sacrificial material 22 receives an impact due to the flow of the ore slurry 1, so that the abrasion of the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 can be suppressed. As a result, the life of the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 can be extended.

A baffle member 43 is provided on the central axis O of the rectifier 40. An apex of the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 is arranged vertically below the baffle member 43. The baffle member 43 can suppress the flow rate (flow velocity) of the ore slurry 1 vertically below the baffle member 43. As a result, the collision of the ore slurry 1 on the top of the uppermost umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 can be weakened, so that damage to the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 can be reduced.

Since the ore slurry 1 passes through the rectifier 40, it is easily worn. After the rectifier 40 has been used for a long time, it needs to be replaced or repaired. As described above, since the rectifier 40 is attached to the supply port 12 with the flange 41f, it can be removed. Since the rectifier 40 is removable, even if the rectifier 40 is worn, the rectifier 40 can be easily replaced or repaired.

The distance H between the lower end opening of the rectifier 40 and the apex of the uppermost umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 is preferably 1.1 times or more and 1.3 times or less the diameter D of the rectifier 40.

When the distance H is less than 1.1 times the diameter D, the ore slurry 1 stays at the outlet of the rectifier 40, and the ore slurry 1 rubs the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 violently. As a result, the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 is easily worn. Moreover, the ore slurry 1 in the rectifier 40 may be decelerated by the accumulated ore slurry 1, and the rectifier 40 may be blocked by the ore slurry 1. When the distance H is 1.1 times or more the diameter D, the ore slurry 1 flows smoothly, the friction between the ore slurry 1 and the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 is weakened, and the wear of the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 can be suppressed.

If the distance H exceeds 1.3 times the diameter D, the ore slurry 1 flowing down from the rectifier 40 may be disturbed by the flow of the steam 2, and uniform dispersion in the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 may not be maintained. Further, when a large amount of the ore slurry 1 that exceeds the rectifying capacity of the rectifier 40 is supplied, the ore slurry 1 may hit the side wall of the container 10 directly without hitting the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20. If the distance H is 1.3 times the diameter D or less, the direction of flow of the ore slurry 1 flowing down from the rectifier 40 is unlikely to change due to the flow of the steam 2. Moreover, the ore slurry 1 does not hit the side wall of the container 10 directly.

The opening surface of the rectifier 40 is orthogonal to the central axis O. Even if the pressure inside the rectifier 40 is higher than the pressure outside, it is possible to prevent the ore slurry 1 from scattering outward.

[Second Embodiment]
Next, the rectifier 40 in the second embodiment will be described based on FIG. 9.
The rectifier 40 of this embodiment is the same as the rectifier 40 of the first embodiment, except that the guide plate 45 is inclined. More specifically, the guide plate 45 is inclined with respect to the central axis O of the tubular body 41 so that its upper end is inclined toward the downstream side of the supply pipe 11. Since the rest of the configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment, the same members are designated by the same reference numerals and the description thereof will be omitted.

Since the guide plate 45 is inclined in this way, the inlet area of the flow path 46a on the upstream side is widened, a larger amount of the ore slurry 1 can be introduced, and the flow rate can be increased. On the other hand, the inlet area of the flow path 46b on the downstream side is narrowed, and the flow rate can be reduced. In addition, the flow passage 46a on the upstream side has a smaller outlet area than an inlet area. Therefore, the flow velocity of the ore slurry 1 that has passed through the flow path 46a on the upstream side becomes faster. On the other hand, the downstream passage 46b has a wider outlet area than the inlet area. Therefore, the flow velocity of the ore slurry 1 that has passed through the flow path 46b on the downstream side becomes slow. Therefore, the uneven flow rate of the ore slurry 1 can be suppressed.

The larger the inclination angle of the guide plate 45 with respect to the central axis O, the larger the flow rate of the flow path 46a on the upstream side. Therefore, the inclination angle of the guide plate 45 is adjusted so that the flow rate becomes uniform in the upstream flow passage 46a and the downstream flow passage 46b.

[Third Embodiment]
Next, the rectifier 40 in the third embodiment will be described based on FIG.
The rectifier 40 of this embodiment is the same as the rectifier 40 of the first embodiment except that a plurality of guide plates 45 are provided. In the example shown in FIG. 10, three guide plates 45 are provided, but the number of guide plates 45 is not particularly limited and may be two or four or more. Since the rest of the configuration is the same as that of the first embodiment, the same members are designated by the same reference numerals and the description thereof will be omitted.

Since the rectifier 40 is provided with the plurality of guide plates 45, the flow rate of the ore slurry 1 can be adjusted in fine sections, and the flow rate of the ore slurry 1 can be made more uniform.

Further, it is preferable that the guide plate 45 arranged on the downstream side of the guide plate 45 arranged on the upstream side of the supply pipe 11 has a larger protrusion amount. In this way, the required amount of the ore slurry 1 can be introduced into the flow path on the downstream side.

The guide plate 45 may be installed upright along the central axis O of the tubular body 41. Some or all of the plurality of guide plates 45 may be inclined. In this case, the inclination angle may be changed depending on the arrangement position of the guide plate 45.

[Other Embodiments]
(Rectifier 40)
The rectifier 40 of the first embodiment has a configuration in which the partition member 42 and the guide plate 45 are integrated, but they may be separate members. Only the guide plate 45 may be provided and the partition member 42 may not be provided.

As shown in FIG. 11A, the partition member 42 may be formed by bundling a plurality of small diameter pipes 42d. The cross-sectional shape of the small diameter pipe 42d is not limited to a circular shape, and may be a polygonal shape.

As shown in FIG. 11B, the partition member 42 may be formed by radially combining a plurality of partition plates 42e. The number of flow paths 44 in the tubular body 41 is not limited to eight, and may be any number. If the partition member 42 formed by combining the partition plates 42e in a cross shape is used, the number of the channels 44 becomes four.

Adjacent channels 44 may be completely partitioned by the partition member 42. The partition member 42 may be provided with a communicating portion so that the adjacent flow paths 44 communicate with each other.

The baffle member 43 may be arranged on the central axis O of the tubular body 41. When the disc-shaped baffle member 43 is used, the baffle member 43 is not limited to the upper portion of the partition member 42, and may be disposed in the lower portion or in the upper and lower center.

The shape of the baffle member 43 is not limited to the disk shape, and various shapes can be adopted. The baffle member 43 may have a cylindrical shape or a conical shape. For example, the conical baffle member 43 is incorporated in the partition member 42 with the apex facing upward. By doing so, the ore slurry 1 flows along the inclined surface of the baffle member 43. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the ore slurry 1 from colliding with the baffle member 43 and scattering.

(Fluid to be heated 1)
The fluid to be heated 1 is not particularly limited as long as it is a fluid to be heated. For example, a slurry-like fluid liquid containing a solid component may be used. Examples of the slurry-like fluid liquid include a slurry containing ore (ore slurry). The ore slurry is, for example, a slurry containing nickel oxide ore obtained in the pretreatment step (101) of hydrometallurgy. Even if the fluid to be heated 1 is a slurry, the wear of the container 10 due to the fluid to be heated 1 can be suppressed.

(Heating medium 2)
The heating medium 2 is not particularly limited as long as it is a medium that supplies heat to the fluid to be heated 1. The heating medium 2 may be a gas such as steam having a temperature higher than that of the fluid to be heated 1.

(simulation)
The supply pipe 11, the rectifier 40, and the uppermost umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 were reproduced on a computer to simulate the behavior of the slurry. The shape of the rectifier 40 was as shown in FIG. FIG. 12A shows the concentration distribution of the slurry. FIG. 12B shows the flow velocity distribution of the slurry.

As can be seen from FIG. 12A, the concentration of the slurry is uniform and is evenly distributed in all directions of the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20. As can be seen from FIG. 12B, the flow velocity of the slurry flowing down from the rectifier 40 is almost uniform.

(Example 1)
In the preheating step of the hydrometallurgy, the ore slurry was heated using a countercurrent direct heating type heat exchanger. The basic structure of the countercurrent direct heating type heat exchanger is the same as that of the counterflow direct heating type heat exchanger A shown in FIG.

The side wall of the container 10 of the countercurrent direct heating type heat exchanger has titanium having a thickness of 9 mm on the inner side and carbon steel having a thickness of 23.5 mm on the outer side, and the total thickness is 32.5 mm.

A rectifier 40 shown in FIG. 6 was attached to the supply port 12. The ore slurry 1 was supplied to the countercurrent direct heating type heat exchanger to start the operation.

One year after the start of operation, when the internal condition of the countercurrent direct heating type heat exchanger was confirmed, no wall thinning was observed on the side wall of the container 10. Two years after the start of operation, the state of the inside of the counterflow type direct heating heat exchanger was confirmed, and no wall thinning was observed on the side wall of the container 10.

(Comparative Example 1)
In Example 1, the rectifier 40 was replaced with a short tube. The short tube has the same size as the cylinder 41 of the rectifier 40. The other conditions are the same as in Example 1.

One year after the start of operation, when the internal condition of the countercurrent direct heating type heat exchanger was confirmed, the side wall of the container 10 was found to be thin. Two years after the start of operation, the internal state of the countercurrent direct heating type heat exchanger was confirmed. As a result, the wall thickness of the side wall of the container 10 progressed and a pinhole was generated.

From the above, it was confirmed that in Example 1, abrasion of the side wall of the container 10 could be suppressed. It is considered that this is because the ore slurry 1 is uniformly dispersed in all directions of the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 by providing the rectifier 40.

A Countercurrent direct heating type heat exchanger 1 Ore slurry 2 Steam 10 Container 11 Supply pipe 12 Supply port 20 Umbrella dispersion plate 40 Rectifier 41 Cylindrical body 42 Partition member 43 Baffle member 45 Guide plate

Claims (9)

Container and
A supply pipe that is provided horizontally inside the container and supplies a fluid to be heated,
A supply port provided at the end of the supply pipe and opened vertically downward,
A rectifier connected to the supply port,
An umbrella-shaped dispersion plate whose apex is arranged vertically below the rectifier,
The rectifier is
A cylinder,
A guide plate provided inside the cylindrical body,
The guide plate is arranged so as to partition the inside of the cylindrical body into a flow path on the upstream side and a flow path on the downstream side of the supply pipe , the upper end thereof projects into the supply pipe, and the upper end thereof is A counterflow type direct heating type heat exchanger characterized by being inclined with respect to the central axis of the cylindrical body so as to be inclined toward the downstream side of the supply pipe . The countercurrent direct heating type heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the rectifier includes a plurality of the guide plates. The countercurrent direct heating type heat exchanger according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the rectifier includes a partition member that partitions the inside of the tubular body into a plurality of flow paths along a central axis thereof. Container and
A supply pipe that is provided horizontally inside the container and supplies a fluid to be heated,
A supply port provided at the end of the supply pipe and opened vertically downward,
A rectifier connected to the supply port,
An umbrella-shaped dispersion plate whose apex is arranged vertically below the rectifier,
The rectifier is
A cylinder,
A guide plate provided inside the cylindrical body,
A partition member for partitioning the inside of the cylindrical body into a plurality of flow paths along the central axis thereof,
The guide plate is arranged so as to partition the inside of the cylindrical body into a flow path on the upstream side and a flow path on the downstream side of the supply pipe, and the upper end thereof projects into the supply pipe.
A slit is formed in the cylindrical body,
The partition member has an insertion plate,
It said insert plate is inserted, oriented Nagareshiki direct heating type heat exchanger you characterized in that they are welded to the slit. Container and
A supply pipe that is provided horizontally inside the container and supplies a fluid to be heated,
A supply port provided at the end of the supply pipe and opened vertically downward,
A rectifier connected to the supply port,
An umbrella-shaped dispersion plate whose apex is arranged vertically below the rectifier,
The rectifier is
A cylinder,
A guide plate provided inside the cylindrical body,
A partition member for partitioning the inside of the cylindrical body into a plurality of flow paths along the central axis thereof,
The guide plate is arranged so as to partition the inside of the cylindrical body into a flow path on the upstream side and a flow path on the downstream side of the supply pipe, and the upper end thereof projects into the supply pipe.
The partition member is disposed on the central axis of the cylindrical body, toward Nagareshiki direct heating type heat exchanger you further comprising a baffle member that prevents the flow of the heated stream body. Container and
A supply pipe that is provided horizontally inside the container and supplies a fluid to be heated,
A supply port provided at the end of the supply pipe and opened vertically downward,
A rectifier connected to the supply port,
An umbrella-shaped dispersion plate whose apex is arranged vertically below the rectifier,
The rectifier is
A cylinder,
A guide plate provided inside the cylindrical body,
The guide plate is arranged so as to partition the inside of the cylindrical body into a flow path on the upstream side and a flow path on the downstream side of the supply pipe, and the upper end thereof projects into the supply pipe.
Countercurrent Nagareshiki direct heating type heat exchanger near the apex of the umbrella dispersion plate shall be the being covered with a sacrificial material. Container and
A supply pipe that is provided horizontally inside the container and supplies a fluid to be heated,
A supply port provided at the end of the supply pipe and opened vertically downward,
A rectifier connected to the supply port,
An umbrella-shaped dispersion plate whose apex is arranged vertically below the rectifier,
The rectifier is
A cylinder,
A guide plate provided inside the cylindrical body,
The guide plate is arranged so as to partition the inside of the cylindrical body into a flow path on the upstream side and a flow path on the downstream side of the supply pipe, and the upper end thereof projects into the supply pipe.
The distance of the rectifier of the opening and the apex of the umbrella dispersion plate towards Nagareshiki direct heating type heat exchanger you wherein at most 1.3 times 1.1 times or more of the rectifier diameter .. The countercurrent direct heating heat exchanger according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7, wherein the rectifier is detachably connected to the supply port. The countercurrent direct heating type heat exchanger according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8, wherein the fluid to be heated is a slurry.