WO2017159837A1

WO2017159837A1 - Countercurrent-type direct-heating heat exchanger

Info

Publication number: WO2017159837A1
Application number: PCT/JP2017/010836
Authority: WO
Inventors: 京田　洋治; 中井　修; 坂元　隆; 諭松原; 勇太内田
Original assignee: 住友金属鉱山株式会社
Priority date: 2016-03-18
Filing date: 2017-03-17
Publication date: 2017-09-21
Also published as: CU20180098A7; AU2017235506B2; AU2017235506A1; EP3406995A1; PH12018501631A1; EP3406995A4; AU2017235506B9; EP3406995B1

Abstract

Provided is a countercurrent-type direct-heating heat exchanger in which wear of a container due to a heating subject fluid can be inhibited. The countercurrent-type direct-heating heat exchanger (A) is provided with a container (10), a feed pipe (11) which is horizontally provided in the container (10) and which feeds the heating subject fluid (1), a feed port (12) which is provided at an end section of the feed pipe (11) and which opens vertically downwards, and a rectifier (40) connected to the feed port (12). The rectifier (40) is provided with a cylinder body (41) and a guide plate (45) provided in the cylinder body (41). The guide plate (45) is disposed so as to partition the interior of the cylinder body (41) into a channel (46a) on the upstream side of the feed pipe (11) and a channel (46b) on the downstream side of the feed pipe (11). The upper end of the guide plate (45) projects into the feed pipe (11). It is possible to increase the flow rate of the heating subject fluid introduced into the channel (46a) on the upstream side, and suppress the flow rate deviation of the heating subject fluid (1).

Description

Counterflow direct heating type heat exchanger

The present invention relates to a countercurrent direct heating type heat exchanger. More specifically, the fluid to be heated and the heating medium are brought into direct contact with each other while the fluid to be heated flows in from the upper part and flows out from the lower part, and at the same time the heating medium flows in from the lower part and flows out from the upper part. The present invention relates to a countercurrent direct heating type heat exchanger that performs exchange.

High pressure pressurization is a high pressure acid leaching method (HPAL: High Pressure Pressure Acid Leaching) using sulfuric acid as a hydrometallurgical process for recovering valuable metals such as nickel and cobalt from low-grade nickel oxide ores such as limonite ore. A sulfuric acid leaching method is known.

The hydrometallurgical process using the high-temperature pressurized sulfuric acid leaching method includes a pretreatment process and a high-temperature pressurized sulfuric acid leaching process. In the pretreatment step, nickel oxide ore is crushed and classified to produce an ore slurry. In the high-temperature pressurized sulfuric acid leaching step, the ore slurry is charged into an autoclave and leaching is performed under leaching conditions such as temperature and pressure selected as necessary.

In order to maintain a high leaching rate, a temperature of about 200 to 300 ° C. is generally selected as the leaching condition for the autoclave. On the other hand, the temperature of the ore slurry produced in the pretreatment process is approximately the same as the outside air temperature. Therefore, if the ore slurry is charged into the autoclave at the same temperature, not only the temperature in the autoclave is lowered and the leaching rate is lowered, but also the temperature condition becomes unstable and the leaching reaction becomes difficult. Therefore, after the ore slurry is preheated and brought close to the temperature in the autoclave, the ore slurry is charged into the autoclave.

A countercurrent direct heating type heat exchanger is used as a preheating facility for ore slurry (Patent Document 1). The counter-current direct heating type heat exchanger allows the fluid to be heated (ore slurry) to flow from the upper part and flow from the lower part, and at the same time, the heating medium (water vapor) flows from the lower part and flows out from the upper part. Heat exchange is performed by bringing the fluid to be heated and the heating medium into direct contact.

JP 2010-25455 A

When a countercurrent direct heating heat exchanger is used to heat the ore slurry, the side wall of the container of the countercurrent direct heating heat exchanger may be worn by the ore slurry.

In view of the above circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide a countercurrent direct heating type heat exchanger that can suppress wear of a container due to a fluid to be heated.

The countercurrent direct heating heat exchanger according to the first aspect of the present invention includes a container, a supply pipe that is horizontally provided inside the container, supplies a fluid to be heated, and is provided at an end of the supply pipe. A supply port that opens downward; a rectifier that is connected to the supply port; and an umbrella-shaped dispersion plate that has an apex arranged vertically below the rectifier, the rectifier comprising: a cylinder; and An induction plate provided inside, the guide plate is disposed so as to partition the inside of the cylindrical body into an upstream flow channel and a downstream flow channel of the supply pipe, and an upper end thereof is Protruding into the supply pipe.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect, the rectifier includes a plurality of the induction plates.
The counter-current direct heating heat exchanger according to a third aspect of the present invention is the first or second aspect of the present invention, wherein the guide plate has an upper end that is inclined toward the downstream side of the supply pipe with respect to the central axis of the cylindrical body. It is characterized by being inclined.
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the first, second, or third aspect, the rectifier includes a partition member that partitions the interior of the cylindrical body into a plurality of flow paths along a central axis thereof. It is characterized by providing.
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the fourth aspect, the cylindrical body has a slit formed therein, the partition member has an insertion plate, and the insertion plate is inserted into the slit. Are inserted and welded.
A countercurrent direct heating heat exchanger according to a sixth aspect of the present invention is the fourth or fifth aspect, wherein the partition member is disposed on a central axis of the cylindrical body and obstructs the flow of the heated fluid. It is characterized by providing.
A countercurrent direct heating heat exchanger according to a seventh aspect of the present invention is the first, second, third, fourth, fifth or sixth aspect, wherein the top of the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate is covered with a sacrificial material. It is characterized by being.
According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, in the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, or seventh aspect, the rectifier is detachably connected to the supply port. It is characterized by.
The countercurrent direct heating heat exchanger according to a ninth aspect of the present invention is the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh or eighth aspect, wherein the rectifier opening and the umbrella shape are provided. The distance from the top of the dispersion plate is 1.1 to 1.3 times the diameter of the rectifier.
The countercurrent direct heating heat exchanger according to a tenth aspect of the invention is the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, or ninth invention, wherein the fluid to be heated is It is a slurry.

According to the first invention, since the upper end of the guide plate protrudes into the supply pipe, the flow rate of the fluid to be heated introduced into the upstream flow path can be increased. Thereby, since the flow rate drift of the to-be-heated fluid can be suppressed, the to-be-heated fluid can be evenly dispersed in all directions of the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate. Therefore, the amount of the heated fluid that contacts the side wall of the container does not increase locally, and wear of the container due to the heated fluid can be suppressed.
According to the second aspect of the invention, since the rectifier is provided with a plurality of induction plates, the flow rate of the heated fluid can be adjusted in fine sections, and the flow rate of the heated fluid can be made more uniform.
According to the third aspect of the invention, since the guide plate is inclined so that the upper end is inclined downstream, the flow rate of the upstream channel can be increased and the flow rate of the downstream channel can be decreased. Thereby, the flow rate drift of the to-be-heated material fluid can be suppressed.
According to the fourth aspect of the invention, the directional flow of the heated fluid can be suppressed by the partition member, so that the heated fluid flows down near the top of the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate and is evenly distributed in all directions of the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate. The Therefore, the amount of the heated fluid that contacts the side wall of the container does not increase locally, and wear of the container due to the heated fluid can be suppressed.
According to the fifth aspect, since the cylindrical body and the partition member are firmly joined by fitting and welding, the resistance generated by the flow of the heated fluid can be counteracted, and the rectifier is hardly damaged.
According to the sixth aspect of the invention, the flow velocity of the heated object fluid in the vertically lower part of the baffle member can be suppressed and the collision of the heated object fluid with the apex of the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate can be weakened. Can be reduced.
According to the seventh invention, since the sacrificial material receives an impact caused by the flow of the fluid to be heated, wear of the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate can be suppressed.
According to the eighth invention, since the rectifier can be removed, the rectifier can be easily replaced or repaired.
According to the ninth invention, since the distance between the rectifier and the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate is 1.1 times or more of the diameter of the rectifier, the heated fluid flows smoothly, and the heated fluid and the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate Rubbing is weakened and wear of the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate can be suppressed. Since the distance between the rectifier and the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate is not more than 1.3 times the diameter of the rectifier, the flowing direction of the fluid to be heated flowing down from the rectifier is hardly changed by the flow of the heating medium.
According to the tenth invention, even if the heated fluid is a slurry, the wear of the container due to the heated fluid can be suppressed.

It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the countercurrent direct heating type heat exchanger A which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is the II-II arrow directional cross-sectional view in FIG. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line III-III in FIG. 1. Note that hatching indicates the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line IV-IV in FIG. 1. Note that hatching indicates the annular rectifying plate 30. It is an enlarged view of the supply port 12 vicinity when not providing the rectifier 40. FIG. FIG. 4A is a longitudinal sectional view of the rectifier 40. FIG. 4B is a plan view of the rectifier 40. 2 is an exploded perspective view of a rectifier 40. FIG. It is an enlarged view of the rectifier 40 vicinity. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the rectifier 40 in 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the rectifier 40 in 3rd Embodiment of this invention. (A) The figure is a cross-sectional view of the rectifier 40 in another embodiment. (B) The figure is a cross-sectional view of the rectifier 40 in still another embodiment. (A) A figure is a simulation result of slurry concentration distribution. (B) The figure is a simulation result of slurry flow velocity distribution. It is a whole process figure of wet smelting.

Next, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[First Embodiment]
(Wet smelting)
The countercurrent direct heating type heat exchanger A according to the first embodiment of the present invention is used for wet smelting to obtain a nickel-cobalt mixed sulfide from nickel oxide ore using a high-temperature pressurized sulfuric acid leaching method. As shown in FIG. 13, the hydrometallurgical process includes a pretreatment step (101), a high-temperature pressurized sulfuric acid leaching step (102), a solid-liquid separation step (103), a neutralization step (104), a desorption step. A zinc process (105), a sulfurization process (106), and a detoxification process (107) are provided.

As the raw material nickel oxide ore, so-called laterite ores such as limonite ore and saprolite ore are mainly used. Laterite ore usually has a nickel content of 0.5 to 3.0% by mass. Nickel is contained in laterite ore as hydroxide or siliceous clay (magnesium silicate) mineral. Laterite ore has an iron content of 10-50% by mass. Iron is mainly contained in laterite ore in the form of trivalent hydroxide (goethite, FeOOH), but some divalent iron is contained in laterite ore as siliceous clay.

In the pretreatment step (101), the nickel oxide ore is crushed and classified to an average particle size of 2 mm or less, and then slurried to produce an ore slurry. Excess water is removed from the ore slurry using a solid-liquid separator such as thickener, and the ore slurry is concentrated so that the concentration of the solid content becomes a predetermined concentration. In the high-temperature pressurized sulfuric acid leaching step (102), sulfuric acid is added to the ore slurry obtained in the pretreatment step (101), and the high-temperature pressurized acid leaching is performed by stirring at a temperature of 200 to 300 ° C. Get. In the solid-liquid separation step (103), the leaching slurry obtained in the high-temperature pressurized sulfuric acid leaching step (102) is subjected to solid-liquid separation, and a leachate containing nickel and cobalt (hereinafter referred to as “crude nickel sulfate aqueous solution”). A leach residue is obtained.

In the neutralization step (104), the crude nickel sulfate aqueous solution obtained in the solid-liquid separation step (103) is neutralized. In the zinc removal step (105), hydrogen sulfide gas is added to the crude nickel sulfate aqueous solution neutralized in the neutralization step (104) to precipitate and remove zinc as zinc sulfide. In the sulfidation step (106), hydrogen sulfide gas is added to the final zinc removal solution obtained in the dezincification step (105) to obtain a nickel / cobalt mixed sulfide and a nickel poor solution. In the detoxification step (107), the leaching residue generated in the solid-liquid separation step (103) and the nickel poor solution generated in the sulfidation step (106) are detoxified.

The solid content concentration of the ore slurry produced in the pretreatment step (101) (the weight ratio of the solid content (ore) in the slurry) greatly depends on the nature of the nickel oxide ore that is the raw material. The solid content concentration of the ore slurry is not particularly limited, but is prepared so as to be 20 to 50% by mass. If the concentration of the ore slurry is less than 20% by mass, a large facility is required to obtain a predetermined residence time during leaching, and the amount of acid added also increases to adjust the residual acid concentration. Moreover, the nickel concentration of the obtained leachate becomes low. On the other hand, if the solid content concentration of the ore slurry exceeds 50% by mass, the scale of the equipment can be reduced, but the viscosity of the ore slurry becomes high, the transport pipe is blocked, or a large amount of energy is required for transport, etc. Transport becomes difficult.

The high-temperature pressurized sulfuric acid leaching step (102) has two further small steps (a preheating step and a leaching step). In the preheating step, the ore slurry having the outside air temperature conveyed from the pretreatment step (101) is preheated to approach the temperature in the autoclave used in the leaching step. In the leaching step, the ore slurry conveyed from the preheating step is charged into an autoclave, sulfuric acid is added to the ore slurry, and leaching is performed while blowing high-pressure air and high-pressure steam.

The countercurrent direct heating type heat exchanger A of the present embodiment is used to heat the ore slurry in the preheating step. If necessary, a plurality of counter-current direct heating heat exchangers A are connected in series to heat the ore slurry stepwise.

In order to maintain the moisture content of the ore slurry, the countercurrent direct heating type heat exchanger A uses water vapor as a heating medium. As the water vapor, water vapor generated by a general method such as a boiler may be used. Further, when discharging the leaching slurry from the autoclave, the pressure is reduced stepwise using a vacuum vessel. The steam generated in the decompression vessel may be recovered and used as a heating medium for the countercurrent direct heating type heat exchanger A.

(Countercurrent direct heating type heat exchanger A)
Next, the countercurrent direct heating type heat exchanger A according to the present embodiment will be described.
The counterflow type direct heating type heat exchanger A is a heat exchanger that performs heat exchange by causing the heated fluid 1 and the heating medium 2 to flow countercurrently and bringing the heated fluid 1 and the heating medium 2 into direct contact with each other. is there. In this embodiment, the heated fluid 1 is the ore slurry 1 obtained in the pretreatment step (101) of the hydrometallurgy, and the heating medium 2 is water vapor 2.

As shown in FIG. 1, the countercurrent direct heating heat exchanger A includes a substantially cylindrical container 10. The container 10 is arranged vertically so that its central axis is along the vertical direction.

In the container 10, a supply pipe 11 is provided substantially horizontally at the top. A heated fluid supply port 12 is provided at the end of the supply pipe 11. The heated object fluid supply port 12 is opened substantially vertically downward. A rectifier 40 is connected to the heated fluid supply port 12. A heated fluid discharge port 13 is provided at the bottom of the container 10, more specifically, at the bottom of the container 10. The ore slurry 1 as the heated fluid 1 is supplied into the container 10 through the supply pipe 11, passes through the heated fluid supply port 12, and flows down from the opening (lower end) of the rectifier 40. Thereafter, the ore slurry 1 flows down in the container 10 and is discharged from the heated object fluid discharge port 13 to the outside of the container 10.

In addition, the solid line arrow in FIG. 1 shows the flow of the ore slurry 1. The heated fluid supply port 12 corresponds to a “supply port” recited in the claims. Hereinafter, the heated fluid supply port 12 is simply referred to as the supply port 12.

A heating medium supply port 14 is provided on the lower side wall of the container 10. A heating medium discharge port 15 is provided at the top of the container 10, more specifically at the top of the container 10. The steam 2 that is the heating medium 2 is supplied into the container 10 from the heating medium supply port 14. Thereafter, the water vapor 2 rises in the container 10 and is discharged from the heating medium discharge port 15 to the outside of the container 10. In addition, the broken-line arrow in FIG.

In the container 10, a plurality of umbrella-shaped dispersion plates 20 and a plurality of annular rectifying plates 30 are provided. The umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 and the annular rectifying plate 30 are arranged alternately in the vertical direction with their centers substantially coincided. The umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 and the annular rectifying plate 30 have inclined surfaces. The ore slurry 1 supplied to the inside of the container 10 flows down the inclined surfaces of the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 and the annular rectifying plate 30 and flows down from the downstream edge thereof. The ore slurry 1 flows down in the container 10 while repeating this. On the other hand, the water vapor 2 supplied to the inside of the container 10 passes through the zigzag between the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 and the annular rectifying plate 30 and rises in the container 10.

As shown in FIG. 2, the supply pipe 11 is disposed along the diameter direction of the container 10 in a plan view, and reaches from the side wall of the container 10 to the approximate center. A supply port 12 is formed at the end of the supply pipe 11. The supply port 12 is disposed substantially at the center of the container 10 in plan view. Therefore, the rectifier 40 is also arranged at the approximate center of the container 10 in plan view. The supply pipe 11 is supported by a beam 11 a that extends linearly from the end and reaches the side wall of the container 10.

1 and 3, the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 is an umbrella-shaped (conical) inclined plate. The umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 is arranged so that the apex faces upward and the apex (center) substantially coincides with the center of the container 10 in plan view. The top of the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 is disposed vertically below the rectifier 40. Therefore, the ore slurry 1 is supplied from the rectifier 40 to the apex of the uppermost umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20, is radially dispersed by the inclined surface of the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20, and flows down from the downstream edge 21 in a skirt shape. Here, the downstream edge portion 21 of the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 is an edge where the side surface and the bottom surface are in contact with each other in a cone.

The uppermost umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 is covered with a sacrificial material 22 in the vicinity of the apex thereof. The sacrificial material 22 may be formed by hardening and may be formed by a material having strength such as a steel plate.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 4, the annular rectifying plate 30 is an annular inclined plate having a downward gradient from the outer peripheral edge to the inner peripheral edge. The outer diameter of the annular rectifying plate 30 is substantially the same as the inner diameter of the container 10, and the outer peripheral edge of the annular rectifying plate 30 is in contact with the inner wall of the container 10. The annular rectifying plate 30 is disposed so that the center (the center of the outer periphery and the inner periphery) substantially coincides with the center of the container 10 in plan view. The ore slurry 1 that has flowed down from the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 to the annular rectifying plate 30 flows down toward the center by the inclined surface of the annular rectifying plate 30 and then flows down from the downstream edge 31 in a skirt shape. Here, the downstream edge 31 of the annular rectifying plate 30 is an inner peripheral edge.

(Heat exchange by countercurrent direct heating type heat exchanger A)
Next, heat exchange by the countercurrent direct heating type heat exchanger A will be described.
The ore slurry 1 is supplied from the rectifier 40 to the inside of the container 10. The ore slurry 1 supplied to the inside of the container 10 first flows down radially on the inclined surface of the uppermost umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 and then flows down from the downstream edge 21 in a skirt shape. Next, the ore slurry 1 that has flowed down from the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 to the annular rectifying plate 30 flows down toward the center of the inclined surface of the annular rectifying plate 30 and then flows down from the downstream edge 31 in a skirt shape. This ore slurry 1 flows down to the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 at the next stage. As described above, the ore slurry 1 flows down the inclined surfaces of the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 and the annular rectifying plate 30 alternately, and then is discharged from the heated fluid discharge port 13 at the lower part of the container 10 to the outside of the container 10.

On the other hand, the water vapor 2 is supplied to the inside of the container 10 from the heating medium supply port 14 at the lower part of the container 10, and rises in a zigzag manner between the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 and the annular rectifying plate 30. It is discharged from the outlet 15 to the outside of the container 10. During this time, the water vapor 2 flows along the ore slurry 1 flowing down the inclined surfaces of the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 and the annular rectifying plate 30 and comes into direct contact with the ore slurry 1. Passing through the ore slurry 1 flowing down from the

downstream edges

21, 31 makes direct contact with the ore slurry 1. Thereby, heat exchange between the ore slurry 1 and the water vapor 2 is performed.

Thus, the countercurrent direct heating type heat exchanger A allows the ore slurry 1 to flow in from the upper part and flow out from the lower part, and at the same time, the ore slurry 1 flows in from the lower part and flows out from the upper part. And the water vapor 2 are brought into direct contact to exchange heat.

Here, the ore slurry 1 is dispersed radially by the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20. Thereby, the contact area of the ore slurry 1 and the water vapor | steam 2 becomes large, and heat exchange efficiency becomes high. Further, the water vapor 2 is rectified by the annular rectifying plate 30 and flows along the ore slurry 1 flowing down the inclined surface of the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20. This also increases the contact area between the ore slurry 1 and the water vapor 2 and increases the heat exchange efficiency.

(Rectifier 40)
Next, details of the rectifier 40, which is a characteristic part of the present embodiment, will be described.
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of the vicinity of the supply port 12 when the rectifier 40 is not provided. Note that a two-dot chain line O in FIG. 5 indicates a vertical line passing through the center of the supply port 12.

When the rectifier 40 is not provided, the ore slurry 1 flows down from the supply port 12 after flowing in the supply pipe 11 in a substantially horizontal direction. Since gravity acts on the ore slurry 1 flowing down from the supply port 12, the flowing direction is downward rather than horizontal.

However, the ore slurry 1 still retains the horizontal momentum generated when it flows through the supply pipe 11. Therefore, the flow direction of the ore slurry 1 flowing down from the supply port 12 is inclined with respect to the vertically downward direction. The direction in which the ore slurry 1 is inclined is the downstream side of the supply pipe 11 (the left direction in FIG. 5). In this specification, a phenomenon in which the flow direction of the ore slurry 1 flowing down from the supply port 12 in this way is inclined with respect to the vertically downward direction is referred to as “direction drift”.

Also, the flow velocity distribution of the ore slurry 1 flowing down from the supply port 12 is faster on the downstream side V2 (left side in FIG. 5) than on the upstream side V1 (right side in FIG. 5) of the supply pipe 11. Therefore, if the flow rate of the ore slurry 1 is viewed locally, the upstream side of the supply pipe 11 is small and the downstream side is large. In this specification, the deviation of the flow rate distribution of the ore slurry 1 flowing down from the supply port 12 is referred to as “flow rate deviation”. The “direction drift” and the “flow quantity drift” are collectively referred to as “drift”.

When the drift occurs, the ore slurry 1 that flows in the drift direction (downstream of the supply pipe 11) out of the ore slurry 1 that flows on the inclined surface of the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 has more momentum than the ore slurry 1 that flows in the other direction. Become stronger. The strong ore slurry 1 flows down from the downstream edge 21 of the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 and then contacts the side wall of the container 10. Therefore, the part (w part in FIG. 1) located in the drift direction among the side walls of the container 10 has a larger amount of the ore slurry 1 in contact than the other parts. That is, the amount of the ore slurry 1 that contacts the side wall of the container 10 locally increases. As a result, a portion (w portion) of the side wall of the container 10 is more easily worn by the ore slurry 1 than the other portions.

Further, when the drift occurs, the ore slurry 1 is not evenly dispersed in all directions of the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20, and the bias occurs. As a result, the heat exchange efficiency is lowered.

Furthermore, the drift angle θ (the angle formed by the flow direction of the ore slurry 1 and the vertical line O) varies depending on the flow rate of the ore slurry 1, the slurry specific gravity, and the solid content concentration. These parameters vary during the operation of the countercurrent direct heating heat exchanger A. Therefore, the drift angle θ changes during operation, and the position where the ore slurry 1 flowing down from the supply port 12 collides with the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 changes. The portion where the ore slurry 1 flowing down from the supply port 12 collides with the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 is easily damaged. If the drift angle θ changes during operation, the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 may be affected by the flow of the ore slurry 1 over a wide range, and it is difficult to protect the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 against this.

In order to solve the above problem, a rectifier 40 is attached to the supply port 12. The rectifier 40 has a function of making the flow distribution of the ore slurry 1 uniform and adjusting the flowing direction vertically downward.

6A, 6B, and 7, the rectifier 40 includes a cylindrical body 41, a partition member 42, and a guide plate 45.

The cylinder 41 is a cylindrical member and has a flange 41f at the upper end. The rectifier 40 is attached to the supply port 12 by connecting the flange 41f and the flange 12f of the supply port 12 with bolts, nuts, or the like.

The cylindrical body 41 is formed with four slits 41s extending from the lower end to the vicinity of the center of the top and bottom. These slits 41 s are formed at equal intervals (90 ° intervals) in the circumferential direction of the cylindrical body 41.

The partition member 42 includes a small-diameter pipe 42a and eight partition plates 42b joined to the outer periphery of the pipe 42a. These partition plates 42b are arranged at equal intervals (45 ° intervals) in the circumferential direction of the pipe 42a. In plan view, the partition member 42 has eight partition plates 42b radially arranged around the pipe 42a. The pipe 42 a is arranged so that the central axis thereof coincides with the central axis O of the cylindrical body 41. The partition plate 42b is a flat plate and is disposed along the central axis O.

As shown in FIG. 6B, the lower portion of the cylinder 41 is partitioned into eight flow paths 44 by a partition member 42. Since both the pipe 42 a and the partition plate 42 b are arranged along the central axis O, each flow path 44 is along the central axis O.

The partition member 42 has a baffle member 43. The baffle member 43 is a disk-shaped member, and its diameter is substantially the same as the outer diameter of the pipe 42a. The baffle member 43 is disposed on the central axis O of the cylindrical body 41 and joined to the upper end of the pipe 42a. The upper end of the pipe 42 a is sealed by the baffle member 43. In the portion where the baffle member 43 is disposed, the flow of the ore slurry 1 is hindered. Therefore, the flow of the ore slurry 1 is hindered in the vicinity of the central axis O of the cylinder 41.

4 out of the eight partition plates 42b have outer edges protruding outward. This protrusion is referred to as an insertion plate 42c. The partition plates 42b having the insertion plates 42c and the partition plates 42b having no insert plates 42c are alternately arranged. That is, the insertion plates 42c are arranged at 90 ° intervals in the circumferential direction of the pipe 42a.

As shown in FIG. 6A, a guide plate 45 is provided on the upper portion of the cylindrical body 41. The guide plate 45 is erected at the inner center of the cylindrical body 41 and is disposed perpendicular to the axial direction of the supply pipe 11. Therefore, the upper portion of the cylindrical body 41 is partitioned by the guide plate 45 into an upstream channel 46 a and a downstream channel 46 b of the supply pipe 11. The guide plate 45 extends upward from the upper end of the cylindrical body 41, and the upper end protrudes into the supply pipe 11. Therefore, the vicinity of the supply port 12 of the supply pipe 11 is also partitioned by the guide plate 45 into an upstream flow path and a downstream flow path of the supply pipe 11.

As shown in FIG. 7, at the position where the guide plate 45 is extended downward, there are two of the eight partition plates 42b, and these two partition plates 42b and the guide plate 45 are integrally formed. Thus, the partition member 42 and the guide plate 45 can be integrally formed.

The rectifier 40 is assembled in the following procedure. First, the guide plate 45 and the partition member 42 are inserted from the lower opening of the cylinder 41. At this time, the insertion plate 42c of the partition member 42 is inserted into the slit 41s of the cylindrical body 41. Then, the slit 41s and the insertion plate 42c are welded.

By assembling the rectifier 40 in this way, the cylinder body 41 and the partition member 42 are firmly joined by fitting and welding. When the ore slurry 1 passes through the rectifier 40, a force (friction or impact) acting between the ore slurry 1, the guide plate 45, and the partition member 42 generates a force that pushes the partition member 42 downward. However, since the cylinder 41 and the partition member 42 are firmly joined, it is possible to counter the downward force generated by the flow of the ore slurry 1 and the rectifier 40 is hardly damaged.

In addition, the assembly method of the rectifier 40 is not limited to said method. The insertion plate 42c may not be inserted into the slit 41s. You may weld only the inner surface of the cylinder 41, and the outer edge part of the partition plate 42b. You may fix the cylinder 41 and the partition member 42 by other methods, such as screwing.

Next, the function of the rectifier 40 will be described with reference to FIG.
The ore slurry 1 flowing in the supply pipe 11 is introduced into the rectifier 40 from the supply port 12. At this time, the ore slurry 1 is guided by the guide plate 45 and is introduced into the upstream flow path 46a and the downstream flow path 46b.

As described above, when the rectifier 40 is not provided, if the flow rate of the ore slurry 1 is viewed locally, the upstream side of the supply pipe 11 is small and the downstream side is large. However, according to this embodiment, since the upper end of the guide plate 45 protrudes into the supply pipe 11, more ore slurry 1 can be introduced into the upstream flow path 46a, and the flow rate can be increased. As a result, the flow rate of the ore slurry 1 can be made uniform between the upstream flow channel 46a and the downstream flow channel 46b, and the flow rate drift of the ore slurry 1 can be suppressed.

In addition, the flow rate of the upstream flow path 46a can be increased as the protruding amount h of the guide plate 45 is increased. Therefore, the protrusion amount h of the guide plate 45 is adjusted so that the flow rate is uniform between the upstream flow path 46a and the downstream flow path 46b.

The ore slurry 1 that has passed through the

flow paths

46 a and 46 b above the rectifier 40 flows into eight flow paths 44 formed by the partition member 42 below the rectifier 40. Since the ore slurry 1 flows in a plurality of flow paths 44 along the central axis O of the rectifier 40, the flow direction of the ore slurry 1 can be adjusted to the direction along the central axis O of the rectifier 40.

The rectifier 40 is arranged so that its central axis O substantially coincides with a vertical line passing through the center of the supply port 12. Since the supply port 12 is disposed substantially at the center of the container 10, the central axis O of the rectifier 40 also substantially coincides with the central axis of the container 10. Therefore, the ore slurry 1 that has passed through the rectifier 40 flows vertically downward along the central axis of the container 10. Even if the flow direction of the ore slurry 1 in the supply pipe 11 is the horizontal direction, the flow direction of the ore slurry 1 can be adjusted vertically downward by the partition member 42. Thus, the directional drift of the ore slurry 1 can be suppressed by the partition member 42.

As described above, since the drift of the ore slurry 1 can be suppressed, the ore slurry 1 flows down near the top of the uppermost umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 and is uniformly dispersed in all directions of the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20. The momentum of the ore slurry 1 flowing on the inclined surface of the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 is not locally increased. The amount of the ore slurry 1 that contacts the side wall of the container 10 does not increase locally, and wear of the container 10 due to the ore slurry 1 can be suppressed.

Further, since the ore slurry 1 is uniformly dispersed in all directions of the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20, the heat exchange efficiency of the countercurrent direct heating type heat exchanger A is increased.

Even if the flow rate, slurry specific gravity, and solid content concentration of the ore slurry 1 are changed, the direction in which the ore slurry 1 flows can be maintained vertically downward. Therefore, the ore slurry 1 always collides with the vicinity of the top of the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20, and the position thereof does not change. By covering the vicinity of the top of the uppermost umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 with the sacrificial material 22, the sacrificial material 22 receives an impact caused by the flow of the ore slurry 1, so that the wear of the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 can be suppressed. As a result, the life of the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 can be extended.

A baffle member 43 is provided on the central axis O of the rectifier 40. An apex of the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 is disposed vertically below the baffle member 43. The baffle member 43 can suppress the flow rate (flow velocity) of the ore slurry 1 in the vertically downward direction. As a result, the collision of the ore slurry 1 with the apex of the uppermost umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 can be weakened, so that damage to the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 can be reduced.

Since the ore slurry 1 passes through the rectifier 40, it is easily worn. After the rectifier 40 has been used for a long time, it needs to be replaced or repaired. As described above, since the rectifier 40 is attached to the supply port 12 by the flange 41f, it can be removed. Since the rectifier 40 can be removed, the rectifier 40 can be easily replaced or repaired even if the rectifier 40 is worn.

Incidentally, the distance H between the lower end opening of the rectifier 40 and the apex of the uppermost umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 is preferably 1.1 to 1.3 times the diameter D of the rectifier 40.

If the distance H is less than 1.1 times the diameter D, the ore slurry 1 stays at the outlet of the rectifier 40 and the ore slurry 1 rubs against the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 violently. As a result, the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 is easily worn. Further, the ore slurry 1 in the rectifier 40 is decelerated by the retained ore slurry 1, and the rectifier 40 may be blocked by the ore slurry 1. If the distance H is 1.1 times the diameter D or more, the ore slurry 1 flows smoothly, the friction between the ore slurry 1 and the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 becomes weak, and wear of the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 can be suppressed.

If the distance H exceeds 1.3 times the diameter D, the ore slurry 1 flowing down from the rectifier 40 may be disturbed by the flow of the water vapor 2, and the uniform dispersion in the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 may not be maintained. In addition, when a large amount of ore slurry 1 exceeding the rectifying capacity of the rectifier 40 is supplied, the ore slurry 1 may hit the side wall of the container 10 without hitting the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20. If the distance H is 1.3 times or less of the diameter D, the flow direction of the ore slurry 1 flowing down from the rectifier 40 is unlikely to be changed by the flow of the water vapor 2. Further, the ore slurry 1 does not hit the side wall of the container 10 directly.

The opening surface of the rectifier 40 is orthogonal to the central axis O. Even when the pressure in the rectifier 40 is higher than the external pressure, the ore slurry 1 can be prevented from splashing outward.

[Second Embodiment]
Next, the rectifier 40 in the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
The rectifier 40 of the present embodiment is obtained by inclining the guide plate 45 in the rectifier 40 of the first embodiment. More specifically, the guide plate 45 is inclined with respect to the central axis O of the cylindrical body 41 so that the upper end of the guide plate 45 is inclined downstream of the supply pipe 11. Since the rest of the configuration is the same as in the first embodiment, the same reference numerals are assigned to the same members, and descriptions thereof are omitted.

Since the guide plate 45 is inclined in this way, the inlet area of the upstream flow path 46a is widened, more ore slurry 1 can be introduced, and the flow rate can be increased. On the other hand, the inlet area of the downstream flow path 46b becomes narrow, and the flow rate can be reduced. The upstream flow path 46a has a smaller outlet area than the inlet area. Therefore, the ore slurry 1 that has passed through the upstream flow path 46a has a higher flow rate. In contrast, the downstream flow path 46b has a larger outlet area than the inlet area. Therefore, the ore slurry 1 that has passed through the downstream flow path 46b has a low flow rate. Therefore, the flow rate drift of the ore slurry 1 can be suppressed.

In addition, the flow rate of the upstream flow path 46a can be increased as the inclination angle of the guide plate 45 with respect to the central axis O is increased. Therefore, the inclination angle of the guide plate 45 is adjusted so that the flow rate is uniform between the upstream flow path 46a and the downstream flow path 46b.

[Third Embodiment]
Next, the rectifier 40 in the third embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
The rectifier 40 of this embodiment is a rectifier 40 of the first embodiment, in which a plurality of induction plates 45 are provided. In the example shown in FIG. 10, three guide plates 45 are provided, but the number of guide plates 45 is not particularly limited, and may be two or four or more. Since the rest of the configuration is the same as in the first embodiment, the same reference numerals are assigned to the same members, and descriptions thereof are omitted.

Since the rectifier 40 is provided with a plurality of guide plates 45, the flow rate of the ore slurry 1 can be adjusted in fine sections, and the flow rate of the ore slurry 1 can be made more uniform.

Further, it is preferable that the guide plate 45 disposed on the downstream side of the guide plate 45 disposed on the upstream side of the supply pipe 11 has a larger protruding amount. In this way, the required amount of ore slurry 1 can be introduced into the downstream flow path.

The guide plate 45 may be erected along the central axis O of the cylinder 41. Some or all of the plurality of guide plates 45 may be inclined. In this case, the inclination angle may be changed depending on the arrangement position of the guide plate 45.

[Other Embodiments]
(Rectifier 40)
Although the rectifier 40 of 1st Embodiment is the structure which the partition member 42 and the induction | guidance | derivation board 45 integrated, these are good also as another member. Only the guide plate 45 may be provided, and the partition member 42 may not be provided.

As shown in FIG. 11A, the partition member 42 may be formed by bundling a plurality of small-diameter pipes 42d. The cross-sectional shape of the small diameter pipe 42d is not limited to a circle, and may be a polygon.

As shown in FIG. 11 (B), the partition member 42 may be formed by radially combining a plurality of partition plates 42e. The number of the flow paths 44 in the cylinder 41 is not limited to eight, and may be plural. If the partition member 42 formed by combining the partition plates 42e in a cross shape is used, the number of the flow paths 44 is four.

Adjacent flow paths 44 may be completely partitioned by the partition member 42. You may provide a communication part in the partition member 42 so that the adjacent flow path 44 may connect.

The baffle member 43 may be disposed on the central axis O of the cylinder 41. When the disc-shaped baffle member 43 is used, the baffle member 43 is not limited to the upper part of the partition member 42, and may be disposed at the lower part or at the center in the vertical direction.

The shape of the baffle member 43 is not limited to a disk shape, and various shapes can be adopted. The baffle member 43 may be cylindrical or conical. For example, the conical baffle member 43 is incorporated into the partition member 42 with the apex facing upward. In this way, the ore slurry 1 flows along the inclined surface of the baffle member 43. Therefore, it can suppress that the ore slurry 1 collides with the baffle member 43, and is scattered.

(Heating object fluid 1)
The heated object fluid 1 is not particularly limited as long as it is a heated object having fluidity. For example, the slurry-like fluid liquid containing a solid component is mentioned. Examples of the slurry-like fluid liquid include a slurry containing ore (ore slurry). The ore slurry is a slurry containing nickel oxide ore obtained in, for example, a pretreatment step (101) of hydrometallurgy. Even if the heated fluid 1 is a slurry, the wear of the container 10 due to the heated fluid 1 can be suppressed.

(Heating medium 2)
The heating medium 2 is not particularly limited as long as it is a medium that supplies heat to the fluid 1 to be heated. Examples of the heating medium 2 include a gas such as water vapor having a temperature higher than that of the heated fluid 1.

(simulation)
The supply pipe 11, the rectifier 40, and the uppermost umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 were reproduced on a computer, and the behavior of the slurry was simulated. The shape of the rectifier 40 was as shown in FIG. FIG. 12A shows the concentration distribution of the slurry. FIG. 12B shows the flow rate distribution of the slurry.

As can be seen from FIG. 12A, the concentration of the slurry is uniform and is uniformly dispersed in all directions of the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20. As can be seen from FIG. 12B, the flow rate of the slurry flowing down from the rectifier 40 is substantially uniform.

Example 1
In the preheating process of the hydrometallurgy, the ore slurry was heated using a countercurrent direct heating type heat exchanger. The basic configuration of the countercurrent direct heating heat exchanger is the same as that of the countercurrent direct heating heat exchanger A shown in FIG.

The side wall of the container 10 of the counter-current direct heating type heat exchanger is 9 mm thick titanium on the inside and 23.5 mm thick carbon steel on the outside, and the total thickness is 32.5 mm.

The rectifier 40 shown in FIG. The ore slurry 1 was supplied to the countercurrent direct heating type heat exchanger and the operation was started.

When the internal state of the countercurrent direct heating heat exchanger was confirmed one year after the start of operation, no thinning was observed on the side wall of the container 10. When the internal state of the countercurrent direct heating type heat exchanger was confirmed two years after the start of operation, no thinning was observed on the side wall of the container 10.

(Comparative Example 1)
In Example 1, the rectifier 40 was replaced with a short tube. The short pipe has the same size as the cylinder 41 of the rectifier 40. The other conditions are the same as in the first embodiment.

When the internal state of the countercurrent direct heating type heat exchanger was confirmed one year after the start of operation, thinning was observed on the side wall of the container 10. Two years after the start of operation, the internal state of the countercurrent direct heating type heat exchanger was confirmed. As a result, the side wall of the container 10 was thinned and a pinhole was generated.

From the above, it was confirmed that the wear of the side wall of the container 10 can be suppressed in Example 1. This is probably because the ore slurry 1 is evenly dispersed in all directions of the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 20 by providing the rectifier 40.

A Counter-current direct heating type heat exchanger 1 Ore slurry 2 Water vapor 10 Container 11 Supply pipe 12 Supply port 20 Umbrella-shaped dispersion plate 40 Rectifier 41 Cylindrical body 42 Partition member 43 Baffle member 45 Guide plate

Claims

A container,
A supply pipe that is provided horizontally inside the container and supplies a fluid to be heated;
A supply port provided at an end of the supply pipe and opening vertically downward;
A rectifier connected to the supply port;
An umbrella-shaped dispersion plate whose apex is arranged vertically below the rectifier, and
The rectifier is
A cylinder,
A guide plate provided inside the cylindrical body,
The guide plate is arranged so as to partition the inside of the cylindrical body into a flow path on the upstream side and a flow path on the downstream side of the supply pipe, and an upper end thereof protrudes into the supply pipe. Counterflow direct heating type heat exchanger.
The counterflow direct heating type heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the rectifier includes a plurality of the induction plates.
3. The countercurrent direct heating type according to claim 1, wherein the guide plate is inclined with respect to a central axis of the cylindrical body so that an upper end of the guide plate is inclined downstream of the supply pipe. Heat exchanger.
4. The countercurrent direct heating heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the rectifier includes a partition member that partitions the inside of the cylindrical body into a plurality of flow paths along a central axis thereof. 5.
A slit is formed in the cylindrical body,
The partition member has an insertion plate,
The countercurrent direct heating type heat exchanger according to claim 4, wherein the insertion plate is inserted into the slit and welded.
6. The countercurrent direct heating type heat exchanger according to claim 4, wherein the partition member is provided on a central axis of the cylindrical body, and includes a baffle member that prevents the flow of the fluid to be heated. .
The countercurrent direct heating type heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the top of the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate is covered with a sacrificial material.
The countercurrent direct heating type heat exchanger according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7, wherein the rectifier is detachably connected to the supply port.
The distance between the opening of the rectifier and the top of the umbrella-shaped dispersion plate is 1.1 to 1.3 times the diameter of the rectifier. The countercurrent direct heating type heat exchanger according to 5, 6, 7 or 8.
10. The countercurrent direct heating type heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein the heated fluid is a slurry.