JP6728130B2 - 液体乾燥剤を使用した段階的プロセスを使用する空調方法 - Google Patents
液体乾燥剤を使用した段階的プロセスを使用する空調方法 Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
- F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
- F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
- F24F3/1411—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification by absorbing or adsorbing water, e.g. using an hygroscopic desiccant
- F24F3/1417—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification by absorbing or adsorbing water, e.g. using an hygroscopic desiccant with liquid hygroscopic desiccants
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
- F24F11/80—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air
- F24F11/83—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
- F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
- F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
- F24F2003/144—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification by dehumidification only
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
- F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
- F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
- F24F2003/1458—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification using regenerators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
- F24F2110/10—Temperature
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
- F24F2110/20—Humidity
Description
本発明は、空調、加湿及び除湿に関する。
多くの既存の空気調節システムの大きな欠点は、健康上の理由のため、アメリカ暖房冷凍空調学会(ASHRAE)規格(米国では必須)が要求する、かなりの量の外気に関連する高レベルの湿気などの高レベルの湿気を除去することができないことである。この問題を経済的に解決するために多数の乾燥剤系が試みられてきたが、いずれも高い市場参入度には至っていない。
空調装置の実施形態では、100%外気とすることができる空気流は、多数のセクターにおいて濃度を徐々に変化させる液体乾燥剤と接触させることによって湿度制御される。空気が所望よりも高い湿度の場合には、多数のセクターにおいて大きな濡れ表面積を有する媒体上に分配された濃縮液体乾燥剤との接触によって除湿される。空気が所望よりも低い湿度の場合(冬季モード)には、水を空調装置内の乾燥剤に添加する。このデバイスに供給される乾燥剤の濃度は、空調空間に供給される空気の湿度含有量を決める。熱交換器に冷却流体を通すと、冷却乾燥剤との接触により空気が冷却される。したがって、全ての季節において、空気の湿度及び温度を、空調装置に好適な加熱又は冷却流体及び好適な乾燥剤濃度を供給することによって制御できる。
本発明の方法及び装置の様々な特徴及び利点は、例示実施形態及び添付の図面に関する次の詳細な説明を参照することによってさらに良く理解できる。これらの図面は意図した方法及び装置の実施形態を示すが、これらは、当業者にとって明らかな代替又は均等の実施形態を排除するものと解釈すべきではない。
空気流3をデバイス1によって除湿する必要がある場合として定義される冷房/除湿モードでは、熱源流体5は冷たく、そしてシステムが動作中のとき、すなわち、ポンプ及び空気移動デバイスが上記のように機能しているときに、空気流3は冷却されかつ任意の冷コイル36との接触により部分的に除湿され、その後デバイス1の乾燥剤モジュール54、55及び56の通過により除湿及び冷却され、空間を状態調整するその必要な用途に流れる。乾燥剤流れ8は、通常、デバイス1が空気の冷却及び除湿を同時に行うために濃縮する必要がある。このプロセスは、上記のようにセクター内において乾燥剤を徐々に希釈し、希乾燥剤は流れ9を介してデバイス1を出る。
2 デバイス2
3 周囲空気流
20 空気筐体
21 媒体パッド
22 熱交換器
24 ポンプ
25 空気入口
27 管
30 サンプ
34 空気移動デバイス
39 出口
40 容器
41 中密度フロート
42 フロート
44 ポンプ
45 管
49 可撓性管
54 第1モジュール
55 中間モジュール
56 最後のモジュール
58 第1モジュール
59 中間モジュール
60 最後のモジュール
Claims (18)
- 熱及び湿気の交換方法であって、
空気流が通過するように直列する少なくとも2個の区間のそれぞれにおいて空気流と交換体中の液体乾燥剤とを接触させ;
該区間のそれぞれについて、各区間で共通の熱伝達流体が供給される外部熱伝達源を使用して、該交換体に対して外部で乾燥剤の温度を調節し、前記外部熱伝達源への前記共通の熱伝達流体を各区間にて同じ温度で与え;
区間と区間の間において、区間と区間を接続する管もしくは側流を介して該乾燥剤を該空気流の流れに対して逆流させ、それによって、各区間で空気の湿度を該乾燥剤との接触によって変化させ、各区間での濃度が前の区間における乾燥剤の濃度とは明らかに異なること
を含む方法。 - 前記交換体が吸収体であり;前記熱及び湿気の交換が空気流を冷却及び除湿することを含み;前記外部熱伝達源は、共通の熱伝達流体が冷却流体である冷却源であり;前記乾燥剤の温度を調節することが該乾燥剤を冷却することを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記乾燥剤の流れを、前記空気流の到達温度とは9度F(5℃)以下異なる温度で冷却源から熱を伝達し、該空気流が22Btu/lb(51kJ/kg)未満の最終エンタルピーを有するように熱交換器を介して圧送することをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記乾燥剤の流れを、最終空気流の相対湿度が該乾燥剤の濃度と平衡状態での空気流の相対湿度とは2%以下異なるように調節することをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記乾燥剤の流れを、前記空気流が30%未満の最終相対湿度を有する程度に十分に濃縮するように再生器を介して調節することをさらに含む、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記交換体が蒸発器であり、前記熱及び湿気交換が前記乾燥剤の水分含有量を減少させることを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記乾燥剤が該乾燥剤についての飽和濃度の3%以内の最終相対湿度を有する、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記加熱源が周囲空気温度とは40度F(22℃)以下異なる、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記方法により生成された濃縮乾燥剤と接触する空気流の平衡相対湿度が、入ってくる空気流の相対湿度の2%を超えない、請求項6に記載の方法。
- 前記交換体が蒸発器であり;前記熱及び湿気交換が前記空気流を暖めかつ加湿することを含み;前記外部熱伝達源は、共通の熱伝達流体が加熱流体である加熱源であり;前記乾燥剤の温度を調節することが該乾燥剤を加熱することを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記外部加熱源の温度が前記空気流の最高温度よりも上の20度F(11℃)を超えない、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記加熱及び加湿空気流を空調空間に供給し、該加熱及び加湿方法における再利用のために該空調空間からの排気空気流から熱及び湿気を回収することをさらに含む、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記空気流が少なくとも25%の最終相対湿度を有する、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記空気流を接触させることと前記乾燥剤を冷却することとの間において、各区間内において前記乾燥剤を再循環させることをさらに含み、交換体を通る流量は、各流体流れのレイノルズ数が300よりも大きいようなものである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 装置に通される空気流と、外部エネルギー流体源と、液体乾燥剤流れとの間での熱及び湿気の交換のための装置であって、
少なくとも2個の別個の、空気流が通過するように直列に配列され接続されたモジュールを備え、各モジュールは、液体乾燥剤を通す管もしくは側流を介して互いに接続されており、
各モジュールは、
液体乾燥剤と空気とを接触させるための吸収器又は蒸発器と、
該吸収器又は蒸発器にわたって液体乾燥剤を分配するための液体乾燥剤ディストリビュータと、
該外部エネルギー流体源からの流体により該液体乾燥剤を冷却又は加熱するための、該吸収器又は蒸発器の外部にある熱交換器であって、前記外部エネルギー流体源から前記熱交換器へと与えられる前記流体の温度が各モジュールにおいて同じ温度である熱交換器と、
該吸収器又は蒸発器と該熱交換器との間に液体乾燥剤を再循環するように動作するポンプと、
該空気流を該吸収器又は蒸発器に導くための外部シェルと、
該吸収器又は蒸発器にわたって分配される該液体乾燥剤を収集するための、該吸収器又は蒸発器の下にあるサンプと
を備える装置。 - 液体乾燥剤を隣接するモジュール間に流すダクト又はポンプと、液体乾燥剤を第1モジュールから除去するように動作できるポンプと、液体乾燥剤を最後のモジュールに供給するように動作できるポンプと、該第1モジュールから該最後のモジュールまでの方向に空気流を流すように動作できるインペラとをさらに備える、請求項15に記載の装置。
- 前記装置の第2のものをさらに備え、前記ポンプが、前記液体乾燥剤を前記装置の第1のものの第1モジュールから該装置の第2のものの最後のモジュールに流し、該装置の第2のものの第1モジュールから該装置の第1のものの最後のモジュールに流すように動作できる、請求項15に記載の装置。
- 前記モジュールが、該モジュールの数を、異なる外部設計条件と異なる外部加熱及び冷却流体温度とに適応するように増加又は減少させることができるように多数のモジュールを介して気密流れ及び液密乾燥剤流れを与えるように連結されている、請求項15に記載の装置。
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US201461979882P | 2014-04-15 | 2014-04-15 | |
US61/979,882 | 2014-04-15 | ||
PCT/US2015/024831 WO2015160580A1 (en) | 2014-04-15 | 2015-04-08 | An air conditioning method using a staged process using a liquid desiccant |
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EP (1) | EP3132206A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6728130B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR102396679B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN106461245B (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2945998C (ja) |
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WO2015160580A1 (en) | 2015-10-22 |
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CA2945998A1 (en) | 2015-10-22 |
EP3132206A4 (en) | 2018-01-03 |
US20180238568A1 (en) | 2018-08-23 |
KR102396679B1 (ko) | 2022-05-11 |
MX2016013587A (es) | 2017-06-07 |
CN106461245B (zh) | 2020-08-18 |
US9982901B2 (en) | 2018-05-29 |
CA2945998C (en) | 2021-03-02 |
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US10823436B2 (en) | 2020-11-03 |
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