JP6709494B2 - Supported catalyst - Google Patents
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- JP6709494B2 JP6709494B2 JP2018217115A JP2018217115A JP6709494B2 JP 6709494 B2 JP6709494 B2 JP 6709494B2 JP 2018217115 A JP2018217115 A JP 2018217115A JP 2018217115 A JP2018217115 A JP 2018217115A JP 6709494 B2 JP6709494 B2 JP 6709494B2
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 56
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 24
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000003832 Lantana Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052878 cordierite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A dialuminum;hexamagnesium;carbonate;hexadecahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]C([O-])=O GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A 0.000 claims description 3
- JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[(1-oxido-3-oxo-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3-disila-5,7-dialuminabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-7-yl)oxy]silane Chemical compound [Mg++].[Mg++].[O-][Si]([O-])(O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2)O[Al]1O[Al]2O[Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])(O1)O2 JSKIRARMQDRGJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001701 hydrotalcite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960001545 hydrotalcite Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- IYDGMDWEHDFVQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;trioxotungsten Chemical compound O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.O=[W](=O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O IYDGMDWEHDFVQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052588 hydroxylapatite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;hydroxide;triphosphate Chemical compound [OH-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 perovskite Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 12
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 9
- OCKGFTQIICXDQW-ZEQRLZLVSA-N 5-[(1r)-1-hydroxy-2-[4-[(2r)-2-hydroxy-2-(4-methyl-1-oxo-3h-2-benzofuran-5-yl)ethyl]piperazin-1-yl]ethyl]-4-methyl-3h-2-benzofuran-1-one Chemical compound C1=C2C(=O)OCC2=C(C)C([C@@H](O)CN2CCN(CC2)C[C@H](O)C2=CC=C3C(=O)OCC3=C2C)=C1 OCKGFTQIICXDQW-ZEQRLZLVSA-N 0.000 description 8
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- RTZYCRSRNSTRGC-LNTINUHCSA-K (z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate;ruthenium(3+) Chemical compound [Ru+3].C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O.C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O.C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O RTZYCRSRNSTRGC-LNTINUHCSA-K 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002638 heterogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-METHOXYETHANOL Chemical compound COCCO XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 3
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- LZCLXQDLBQLTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)O LZCLXQDLBQLTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLLIQLLCWZCATF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate Natural products COCCOC(C)=O XLLIQLLCWZCATF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOCCOC ZUHZGEOKBKGPSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QYGBYAQGBVHMDD-XQRVVYSFSA-N (z)-2-cyano-3-thiophen-2-ylprop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(\C#N)=C/C1=CC=CS1 QYGBYAQGBVHMDD-XQRVVYSFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OCJBOOLMMGQPQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 OCJBOOLMMGQPQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HYLLZXPMJRMUHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]butane Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCOC HYLLZXPMJRMUHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNAQINZKMQFYFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]butane Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCOCCOC SNAQINZKMQFYFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RRQYJINTUHWNHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxy-2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCCOCC RRQYJINTUHWNHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RERATEUBWLKDFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxy-2-[2-(2-methoxypropoxy)propoxy]propane Chemical compound COCC(C)OCC(C)OCC(C)OC RERATEUBWLKDFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ARXJGSRGQADJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxypropan-2-ol Chemical compound COCC(C)O ARXJGSRGQADJSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SBASXUCJHJRPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound COCCOCCO SBASXUCJHJRPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RJBIZCOYFBKBIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]propane Chemical compound COCCOCCOC(C)C RJBIZCOYFBKBIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxyethanol Chemical compound CCOCCO ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CRWNQZTZTZWPOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-4-phenylpyridine Chemical compound C1=NC(C)=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 CRWNQZTZTZWPOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCDWFXQBSFUVSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenoxyethanol Chemical compound OCCOC1=CC=CC=C1 QCDWFXQBSFUVSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCAHUFWKIQLBNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(3-methoxypropoxy)propan-1-ol Chemical compound COCCCOCCCO QCAHUFWKIQLBNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VATRWWPJWVCZTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-oxo-n-[2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]butanamide Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1C(F)(F)F VATRWWPJWVCZTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000282320 Panthera leo Species 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052586 apatite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003321 atomic absorption spectrophotometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007809 chemical reaction catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940117389 dichlorobenzene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940019778 diethylene glycol diethyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940028356 diethylene glycol monobutyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004993 emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940116333 ethyl lactate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003273 ketjen black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002116 nanohorn Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- JCGNDDUYTRNOFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolane-2,4-dione Chemical compound O=C1COC(=O)C1 JCGNDDUYTRNOFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;fluoride;triphosphate Chemical group [F-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 1
- 229960005323 phenoxyethanol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OJLCQGGSMYKWEK-UHFFFAOYSA-K ruthenium(3+);triacetate Chemical compound [Ru+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O OJLCQGGSMYKWEK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
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- YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOC YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Catalysts (AREA)
Description
本発明は、高分子保護材フリーの担持触媒に関する。 TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a supported catalyst free of a polymeric protective material.
従来、化学反応触媒又は燃料電池などでは、カーボン系の担体にナノ粒子を担持した不均一系触媒が用いられている。また、ボイラー又は排ガスの浄化などでは、セラミックス系の担体にナノ粒子を担持した不均一系触媒が用いられている。不均一系触媒に用いるナノ粒子として（ｆｃｃ）Ｒｕナノ粒子が開示されている（例えば、特許文献１、又は非特許文献１を参照。）。非特許文献１では、（ｆｃｃ）Ｒｕナノ粒子を担体に担持して不均一系触媒として使用する場合、ポリビニルピロリドンなどの高分子保護材を用いてナノ粒子を合成・精製した後に、得られたナノ粒子を担体に担持している。 Conventionally, in a chemical reaction catalyst or a fuel cell, a heterogeneous catalyst in which nanoparticles are supported on a carbon-based carrier has been used. Further, in purification of a boiler or exhaust gas, a heterogeneous catalyst in which nanoparticles are supported on a ceramic-based carrier is used. (Fcc)Ru nanoparticles have been disclosed as nanoparticles used for a heterogeneous catalyst (for example, refer to Patent Document 1 or Non-Patent Document 1). In Non-Patent Document 1, when (fcc)Ru nanoparticles are supported on a carrier and used as a heterogeneous catalyst, the nanoparticles were obtained after synthesizing and purifying the nanoparticles using a polymer protective material such as polyvinylpyrrolidone. The nanoparticles are carried on a carrier.
しかし、ナノ粒子の合成時に用いた高分子保護材が触媒中に残っていると、触媒の効果が十分に発揮されない場合がある。高分子保護材の除去を目的としてナノ粒子の精製を繰り返すと、精製回数が増加するにつれて得られるナノ粒子の収量が少なくなるという問題である。 However, if the polymer protective material used during the synthesis of nanoparticles remains in the catalyst, the effect of the catalyst may not be sufficiently exhibited. If the purification of nanoparticles is repeated for the purpose of removing the polymer protective material, the yield of nanoparticles obtained decreases as the number of purification increases.
本発明の目的は、触媒の性能を低下させる高分子保護材を用いず、触媒の効果を十分に発揮できる担持触媒を提供することである。 An object of the present invention is to provide a supported catalyst that can sufficiently exhibit the effect of the catalyst without using a polymer protective material that deteriorates the performance of the catalyst.
本発明に係る担持触媒は、ナノ粒子としてＲｕ粒子が担持体に担持された担持触媒において、前記担持体は、アルミナ、シリカアルミナ、カルシア、セリア、セリアジルコニア、ランタナ、ランタナアルミナ、酸化スズ、酸化タングステン、アルミノシリケート、アルミノホスフェート、ボロシリケート、リンタングステン酸、ヒドロキシアパタイト、ハイドロタルサイト、ペロブスカイト、コージェライト、ムライト及びシリコンカーバイドの中から選ばれる１種以上であり、前記担持触媒の外表面に高分子保護材が存在しないことを特徴とする。 The supported catalyst according to the present invention is a supported catalyst in which Ru particles as nanoparticles are supported on a carrier, wherein the carrier is alumina, silica alumina, calcia, ceria, ceria zirconia, lantana, lanthana alumina, tin oxide, and oxidized. tungsten, aluminosilicates, aluminophosphates, borosilicates, and the phosphotungstic acid, hydroxyapatite, hydrotalcite, perovskite, cordierite, one or more selected from among mullite and silicon card by de outer surface of the supported catalyst It is characterized by the absence of a polymeric protective material.
本発明に係る担持触媒は、高分子保護材を含有しないことが好ましい。触媒活性をより高めることができる。 The supported catalyst according to the present invention preferably contains no polymer protective material. The catalytic activity can be further enhanced.
本発明に係る担持触媒では、前記ナノ粒子と前記担持体との間に前記高分子保護材が介在しないことが好ましい。触媒活性をより高めることができる。 In the supported catalyst according to the present invention, it is preferable that the polymer protective material is not interposed between the nanoparticles and the support. The catalytic activity can be further enhanced.
本発明に係る担持触媒では、前記担持体として、更に、活性炭、カーボンブラック、アセチレンブラック、カーボンナノチューブ及びカーボンナノホーンの中から選ばれる１種以上を含む形態を包含する。 The supported catalyst according to the present invention further includes, as the support, a form containing at least one selected from activated carbon, carbon black, acetylene black, carbon nanotubes, and carbon nanohorns .
本発明に係る担持触媒では、前記Ｒｕ粒子は、ｆｃｃ構造を有していることが好ましい。ｈｃｐ構造を有するＲｕ粒子を担持させた触媒と比較し、異なる触媒活性を得ることができる。 In the supported catalyst according to the present invention, the Ru particles preferably have an fcc structure. A different catalytic activity can be obtained as compared with a catalyst supporting Ru particles having an hcp structure.
本発明は、触媒の性能を低下させる高分子保護材を用いず、触媒の効果を十分に発揮できる担持触媒を提供することができる。 INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can provide a supported catalyst that can sufficiently exert the effect of the catalyst without using a polymer protective material that deteriorates the performance of the catalyst.
次に本発明について実施形態を示して詳細に説明するが本発明はこれらの記載に限定して解釈されない。本発明の効果を奏する限り、実施形態は種々の変形をしてもよい。 Next, the present invention will be described in detail by showing embodiments, but the present invention is not construed as being limited to these descriptions. The embodiments may be variously modified as long as the effects of the present invention are exhibited.
本実施形態に係る担持触媒は、ナノ粒子としてＲｕ粒子が担持体に担持された担持触媒において、担持触媒の外表面に高分子保護材が存在しない。高分子保護材が担持触媒の外表面に存在しないことで、触媒の作用を十分の発揮させることができる。高分子保護材は、例えば、ポリビニルピロリドン（ＰＶＰ）である。本実施形態に係る担持触媒では、高分子保護材がナノ粒子の外表面に付着していないことが好ましく、高分子保護材がナノ粒子の外表面及び担持体の外表面に付着していないことがより好ましい。 The supported catalyst according to the present embodiment is a supported catalyst in which Ru particles as nanoparticles are supported on a support, and no polymer protective material is present on the outer surface of the supported catalyst. Since the polymer protective material does not exist on the outer surface of the supported catalyst, the function of the catalyst can be sufficiently exerted. The polymer protective material is, for example, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). In the supported catalyst according to the present embodiment, it is preferable that the polymer protective material does not adhere to the outer surface of the nanoparticles, and the polymer protective material does not adhere to the outer surface of the nanoparticles and the outer surface of the carrier. Is more preferable.
本実施形態に係る担持触媒では、ナノ粒子と担持体との間に高分子保護材が介在しないことが好ましい。 In the supported catalyst according to the present embodiment, it is preferable that no polymer protective material is interposed between the nanoparticles and the carrier.
本実施形態に係る担持触媒は、高分子保護材を含有しないことが好ましい。担持触媒が高分子保護材を含有するか否かは、例えば、Ｘ線回折パターン（ＸＲＤパターン）によって確認できる。例えば高分子保護材がＰＶＰであるとき、室温でλ＝ＣｕＫαの測定条件で測定したＸＲＤパターンにおいて、１０°付近にＰＶＰ由来のパターンが確認されないことで、担持触媒が高分子保護材を含有しないことを確認することができる。 The supported catalyst according to this embodiment preferably does not contain a polymer protective material. Whether or not the supported catalyst contains the polymer protective material can be confirmed by, for example, an X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD pattern). For example, when the polymer protective material is PVP, in the XRD pattern measured at room temperature under the measurement condition of λ=CuKα, the PVP-derived pattern is not confirmed at around 10°, so that the supported catalyst does not contain the polymer protective material. You can check that.
本実施形態に係る担持触媒は、従来の担持触媒の製造方法のように予め合成したナノ粒子を担持体に担持させる方法ではなく、ナノ粒子の合成とナノ粒子の担持体への担持とを同時に行う方法で製造することが好ましい。ナノ粒子の合成とナノ粒子の担持体への担持とを同時に行うことで、従来の製造方法と比較して製造工程を少なくすることができる。本明細書において、ナノ粒子とは、平均粒子径が１００ｎｍ以下の微細粒子をいう。ナノ粒子の平均粒子径は、透過型電子顕微鏡（ＴＥＭ）によって得られた粒子像から少なくとも１００個以上の粒子の粒子径を計測し、その平均を求めることによって算出した値である。ＴＥＭの観察倍率は、例えば、１２００００倍又は１５００００倍であることが好ましい。ナノ粒子の平均粒子径の下限は、特に限定されないが、１ｎｍ以上であることが好ましい。 The supported catalyst according to the present embodiment is not a method of supporting previously synthesized nanoparticles on a carrier like a conventional method for manufacturing a supported catalyst, but simultaneously synthesizing nanoparticles and supporting nanoparticles on a carrier at the same time. It is preferable to manufacture by the method of performing. By simultaneously synthesizing the nanoparticles and supporting the nanoparticles on the carrier, the number of manufacturing steps can be reduced as compared with the conventional manufacturing method. In the present specification, the nanoparticles mean fine particles having an average particle diameter of 100 nm or less. The average particle size of nanoparticles is a value calculated by measuring the particle size of at least 100 particles from a particle image obtained by a transmission electron microscope (TEM) and calculating the average. The observation magnification of TEM is preferably, for example, 120,000 times or 150,000 times. The lower limit of the average particle diameter of the nanoparticles is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 nm or more.
本実施形態に係る担持触媒の製造方法は、Ｒｕ粒子の合成原料となるＲｕ化合物と、担持体と、炭素数が２以上の還元性をもつ有機溶媒と、を含有し、かつ、高分子保護材を含有しない混合物を加熱して、Ｒｕ粒子を合成するとともに、Ｒｕ粒子を担持体に担持させる工程１を有することが好ましい。 The method for producing a supported catalyst according to the present embodiment includes a Ru compound as a raw material for synthesizing Ru particles, a support, and a reducing organic solvent having 2 or more carbon atoms, and protecting a polymer. It is preferable to include a step 1 of heating the mixture containing no material to synthesize the Ru particles and supporting the Ru particles on the carrier.
次に、工程１で用いる各物質について説明する。 Next, each substance used in step 1 will be described.
（ナノ粒子の合成原料）
Ｒｕ粒子の合成原料となるＲｕ化合物はＲｕ有機化合物であることが好ましい。担持触媒をより効率的に得ることができる。Ｒｕ有機化合物は、ジケトナート又はアセテートを含有する化合物であることが好ましい。ジケトナートを含有するＲｕ有機化合物は、例えば、トリス（アセチルアセナト）ルテニウム（ＩＩＩ）（以降、Ｒｕ（ａｃａｃ）３という。）である。アセテートを含有するＲｕ有機化合物は、例えば、酢酸ルテニウム（以降、酢酸Ｒｕという。）である。このうち、Ｒｕ化合物はＲｕ（ａｃａｃ）３又は酢酸Ｒｕであることが好ましい。
(Synthetic raw material for nanoparticles)
The Ru compound used as a raw material for synthesizing Ru particles is preferably a Ru organic compound. The supported catalyst can be obtained more efficiently. The Ru organic compound is preferably a compound containing diketonate or acetate. The Ru organic compound containing diketonate is, for example, tris(acetylacenato)ruthenium(III) (hereinafter referred to as Ru(acac) 3 ). The Ru organic compound containing acetate is, for example, ruthenium acetate (hereinafter referred to as Ru acetate). Among these, the Ru compound is preferably Ru(acac) 3 or Ru acetate.
（担持体）
担持体は、カーボン若しくはセラミックスのいずれか一方又は両方である形態を包含する。セラミックスは、例えば、アルミナ、シリカ、シリカアルミナ、カルシア、マグネシア、チタニア、セリア、ジルコニア、セリアジルコニア、ランタナ、ランタナアルミナ、酸化スズ、酸化タングステン、アルミノシリケート、アルミノホスフェート、ボロシリケート、リンタングステン酸、ヒドロキシアパタイト、ハイドロタルサイト、ペロブスカイト、コージェライト、ムライト又はシリコンカーバイドである。カーボンは、例えば、活性炭、カーボンブラック、アセチレンブラック、カーボンナノチューブ又はカーボンナノホーンである。本実施形態では、これらの担持体の中から１種だけを使用するか、又は２種以上を併用してもよい。２種以上を併用する場合は、セラミックスから２種以上を組合せて用いるか、カーボンから２種以上を組合せて用いるか、又はセラミックスから１種以上及びカーボンから１種以上を組合せて用いてもよい。より好ましくは、アルミナ、シリカ、チタニア、セリア、ジルコニア、活性炭及びカーボンブラックの中から選ばれる１種以上を用いる。
(Support)
The carrier includes a form in which either one or both of carbon and ceramics is used. Ceramics, for example, alumina, silica, silica alumina, calcia, magnesia, titania, ceria, zirconia, ceria zirconia, lantana, lantana alumina, tin oxide, tungsten oxide, aluminosilicate, aluminophosphate, borosilicate, phosphotungstic acid, hydroxy. It is apatite, hydrotalcite, perovskite, cordierite, mullite or silicon carbide. The carbon is, for example, activated carbon, carbon black, acetylene black, carbon nanotube or carbon nanohorn. In the present embodiment, only one type of these carriers may be used, or two or more types may be used in combination. When two or more kinds are used in combination, two or more kinds of ceramics may be used in combination, two or more kinds of carbon may be used in combination, or one or more kinds of ceramics and one or more kinds of carbon may be used in combination. .. More preferably, at least one selected from alumina, silica, titania, ceria, zirconia, activated carbon and carbon black is used.
（有機溶媒）
有機溶媒は、炭素数が２以上であり、還元性をもつ。有機溶媒の炭素数は、４以上であることがより好ましい。有機溶媒の炭素数の上限は、特に限定されないが、常温において液体であることがより好ましい。
(Organic solvent)
The organic solvent has a carbon number of 2 or more and has a reducing property. The carbon number of the organic solvent is more preferably 4 or more. The upper limit of the carbon number of the organic solvent is not particularly limited, but it is more preferably liquid at room temperature.
有機溶媒の沸点は１００℃以上であることが好ましい。取り扱い性に優れる。また、担持触媒をより安全に得ることができる。有機溶媒の沸点は、１６０℃以上であることがより好ましい。有機溶媒の沸点の上限は、特に限定されないが、担持触媒から溶媒をより容易に除去できる点で、３００℃以下であることが好ましく、２９０℃以下であることがより好ましい。 The boiling point of the organic solvent is preferably 100° C. or higher. Excellent handleability. In addition, the supported catalyst can be obtained more safely. The boiling point of the organic solvent is more preferably 160° C. or higher. The upper limit of the boiling point of the organic solvent is not particularly limited, but is preferably 300° C. or lower, and more preferably 290° C. or lower, from the viewpoint of easily removing the solvent from the supported catalyst.
有機溶媒は、多価アルコール、ブタノール、イソブタノール、エトキシエタノール、ジメチルホルムアミド、キシレン、Ｎ−メチルピロリジノン、ジクロロベンゼン、トルエン、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート、エチルラクテート、ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールジメチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールエチルメチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールイソプロピルメチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジエチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールブチルメチルエーテル、トリプロピレングリコールジメチルエーテル、トリエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノフェニルエーテル、リエチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジブチルエーテル、トリエチレングリコールブチルメチルエーテル、ポリエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、テトラエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル及びポリエチレングリコールモノメチルエーテルの中から選ばれる１種以上であることが好ましい。担持触媒をより安全、かつ、より効率的に得ることができる。このうち、多価アルコールがより好ましい。 Organic solvents include polyhydric alcohols, butanol, isobutanol, ethoxyethanol, dimethylformamide, xylene, N-methylpyrrolidinone, dichlorobenzene, toluene, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, ethyl lactate, Diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl methyl ether, diethylene glycol isopropyl methyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol butyl methyl ether, tripropylene glycol dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether At least one selected from ethylene glycol monophenyl ether, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, triethylene glycol butyl methyl ether, polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether and polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether is preferable. The supported catalyst can be obtained more safely and efficiently. Of these, polyhydric alcohols are more preferable.
多価アルコールは、エチレングリコール、ジエチレングリコール、トリエチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール及びブチレングリコールの中から選ばれる１種以上であることが好ましい。このうち、トリエチレングリコールがより好ましい。担持触媒をより安全、かつ、より効率的に得ることができる。 The polyhydric alcohol is preferably one or more selected from ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, propylene glycol and butylene glycol. Of these, triethylene glycol is more preferable. The supported catalyst can be obtained more safely and efficiently.
次に、工程１について説明する。 Next, step 1 will be described.
工程１では、まず、Ｒｕ化合物と、担持体と、有機溶媒と、を含有する混合物を作製する。混合物中のＲｕ化合物の濃度は、１２５ｍＭ（ｍｍｏｌ／ｌ）以下であることが好ましく、１００ｍＭ以下であることがより好ましい。また、Ｒｕ化合物と担持体との割合は、担持触媒中のＲｕ粒子の担持量が所定の範囲となるように調整する。担持触媒中のＲｕ粒子の担持量は、０．００１〜６０質量％であることが好ましい。ここで、担持量は、乾燥状態の担持触媒の質量に対するナノ粒子の質量の割合であり、例えば高周波誘導結合プラズマ発光分光分析、原子吸光分光光度分析で測定することができる。 In step 1, first, a mixture containing a Ru compound, a carrier, and an organic solvent is prepared. The concentration of the Ru compound in the mixture is preferably 125 mM (mmol/l) or less, more preferably 100 mM or less. Further, the ratio of the Ru compound and the carrier is adjusted so that the supported amount of Ru particles in the supported catalyst falls within a predetermined range. The supported amount of Ru particles in the supported catalyst is preferably 0.001 to 60 mass %. Here, the supported amount is the ratio of the mass of the nanoparticles to the mass of the supported catalyst in a dry state, and can be measured by, for example, high frequency inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry or atomic absorption spectrophotometry.
混合物の作製にあたり、Ｒｕ化合物及び担持体を有機溶媒中に懸濁させた後、例えば超音波などの分散機を用いて分散させることが好ましい。本発明は、各物質の添加順は特に限定されない。 In preparing the mixture, it is preferable to suspend the Ru compound and the carrier in an organic solvent and then disperse the suspension using, for example, a disperser such as ultrasonic waves. In the present invention, the order of addition of each substance is not particularly limited.
次いで、混合物を加熱する。加熱方法は、特に限定されず、例えば、オイルバス、マントルヒーター、ブロックヒーター若しくは熱媒循環式ジャケットなどの外部加熱方式、又はマイクロ波照射方式である。加熱温度は、１００〜３００℃であることが好ましく、１８０〜２３０℃であることがより好ましい。目的とする加熱温度に到達させるまでの昇温速度は、４℃／分以上であることが好ましく、６℃／分以上であることがより好ましい。昇温速度を所定の範囲とすることで、ｆｃｃ構造を有するＲｕ粒子を形成することができる。また、目的とする加熱温度で保持する時間は、使用する化合物の種類、混合物の液量又は加熱温度などに依存するが、例えば、１０〜３００分であることが好ましく、１２０〜２４０分であることがより好ましい。 The mixture is then heated. The heating method is not particularly limited, and is, for example, an external heating method such as an oil bath, a mantle heater, a block heater or a heating medium circulating jacket, or a microwave irradiation method. The heating temperature is preferably 100 to 300°C, more preferably 180 to 230°C. The rate of temperature increase until reaching the target heating temperature is preferably 4° C./min or more, and more preferably 6° C./min or more. By setting the heating rate within a predetermined range, Ru particles having an fcc structure can be formed. The time of holding at the target heating temperature depends on the type of compound used, the liquid amount of the mixture, the heating temperature, etc., but is preferably 10 to 300 minutes, and 120 to 240 minutes, for example. Is more preferable.
工程１では、Ｒｕ化合物が有機溶媒によって還元され、担持体の表面でＲｕ粒子の核生成及び粒成長が起こる。そして、Ｒｕ粒子が担持体に担持された担持触媒が得られる。このＲｕ粒子はｆｃｃ構造を有している。Ｒｕ粒子がｆｃｃ構造を有することで、ｈｃｐ構造を有するＲｕ粒子を担持させた触媒と比較し、異なる触媒活性を得ることができる。Ｒｕ粒子の結晶構造は、例えば、Ｘ線回折パターン（ＸＲＤパターン）によって確認できる。Ｒｕ粒子の平均粒子径は、３０ｎｍ以下であることが好ましく、１０ｎｍ以下であることがより好ましい。Ｒｕ粒子の平均粒子径の下限は、特に限定されないが、１ｎｍ以上であることが好ましい。 In step 1, the Ru compound is reduced by the organic solvent, and nucleation and grain growth of Ru particles occur on the surface of the support. Then, a supported catalyst in which Ru particles are supported on the carrier is obtained. The Ru particles have an fcc structure. Since the Ru particles have the fcc structure, different catalytic activities can be obtained as compared with the catalyst supporting the Ru particles having the hcp structure. The crystal structure of Ru particles can be confirmed by, for example, an X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD pattern). The average particle diameter of the Ru particles is preferably 30 nm or less, more preferably 10 nm or less. The lower limit of the average particle diameter of Ru particles is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 nm or more.
工程１の後、担持触媒を溶媒から分離精製することが好ましい。担持触媒を分離精製する方法は、特に限定されないが、例えば、温度が下がった混合物をろ過し、洗浄・乾燥する方法である。 After step 1, the supported catalyst is preferably separated and purified from the solvent. The method of separating and purifying the supported catalyst is not particularly limited, but is, for example, a method of filtering a mixture whose temperature has decreased, washing and drying.
以降、実施例を示しながら本発明についてさらに詳細に説明するが、本発明は実施例に限定して解釈されない。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to the examples.
（参考例１Ａ）
フラスコにトリエチレングリコール（以下、ＴＥＧ）を１２５ｍＬ投入した。トリス（アセチルアセトナト）ルテニウム（ＩＩＩ）（以下、Ｒｕ（ａｃａｃ）３）を１．９９１８ｇ（５ｍｍｏｌ）と活性炭（ＦＡＭ−５０、日本エンバイロケミカルズ社製）を４．５０３１ｇとを秤とり前記ＴＥＧ中に添加し、超音波で３０ｍｉｎ分散して混合液を作製した。混合液に高分子保護材は添加しなかった。この混合液を６℃／分の昇温速度で２００℃まで加熱し、２００℃で３ｈｒ加熱撹拌し、その後冷却した。冷却した混合液を減圧ろ過し、固体成分（濾物）をエタノールで十分に洗浄した後減圧乾燥を実施し、担持触媒を得た。
( Reference example 1A)
125 mL of triethylene glycol (hereinafter, TEG) was put into the flask. 1.9918 g (5 mmol) of tris(acetylacetonato)ruthenium (III) (hereinafter, Ru(acac) 3 ) and 4.5031 g of activated carbon (FAM-50, manufactured by Nippon EnviroChemicals) were weighed out in the TEG. And ultrasonically dispersed for 30 minutes to prepare a mixed solution. No polymer protective material was added to the mixed solution. This mixed liquid was heated to 200° C. at a heating rate of 6° C./min, heated and stirred at 200° C. for 3 hours, and then cooled. The cooled mixed liquid was filtered under reduced pressure, the solid component (filtrate) was thoroughly washed with ethanol, and then dried under reduced pressure to obtain a supported catalyst.
（参考例２Ａ）
フラスコにＴＥＧを４０ｍＬ投入した。Ｒｕ（ａｃａｃ）３を１．９９２０ｇ（５ｍｍｏｌ）と活性炭（ＦＡＭ−５０）を４．５０２２ｇとを秤とり前記ＴＥＧ中に添加し、超音波で３０ｍｉｎ分散して混合液を作製した。混合液に高分子保護材は添加しなかった。この混合液を６℃／分の昇温速度で２００℃まで加熱し、２００℃で３ｈｒ加熱撹拌し、その後冷却した。冷却した混合液を減圧ろ過し、固体成分（濾物）をエタノールで十分に洗浄した後減圧乾燥を実施し、担持触媒を得た。
( Reference example 2A)
40 mL of TEG was added to the flask. 1.9920 g (5 mmol) of Ru(acac) 3 and 4.5022 g of activated carbon (FAM-50) were weighed and added into the TEG, and ultrasonically dispersed for 30 minutes to prepare a mixed solution. No polymer protective material was added to the mixed solution. This mixed solution was heated to 200° C. at a temperature rising rate of 6° C./minute, heated and stirred at 200° C. for 3 hours, and then cooled. The cooled mixed solution was filtered under reduced pressure, the solid component (filtrate) was thoroughly washed with ethanol, and then dried under reduced pressure to obtain a supported catalyst.
（参考例３Ａ）
フラスコにＴＥＧを１８５ｍＬ投入した。Ｒｕ（ａｃａｃ）３を５．９０５６ｇ（１４．８ｍｍｏｌ）とケッチェンブラック（ＥＣ３００Ｊ、ライオン社製）とを４．５０２２ｇ秤とり前記ＴＥＧ中に添加し、超音波で３０ｍｉｎの間分散して混合液を作製した。混合液に高分子保護材は添加しなかった。この混合液を６℃／分の昇温速度で２００℃まで加熱し、２００℃で３ｈｒ加熱撹拌し、その後冷却した。冷却した混合液を減圧ろ過し、固体成分（濾物）をエタノールで十分に洗浄した後減圧乾燥を実施し、担持触媒を得た。
( Reference example 3A)
185 mL of TEG was added to the flask. 4.90256 g (14.8 mmol) of Ru(acac) 3 and 4.5022 g of Ketjenblack (EC300J, manufactured by Lion Corp.) were weighed and added to the TEG, and ultrasonically dispersed for 30 min to obtain a mixed solution. Was produced. No polymer protective material was added to the mixed solution. This mixed liquid was heated to 200° C. at a heating rate of 6° C./min, heated and stirred at 200° C. for 3 hours, and then cooled. The cooled mixed liquid was filtered under reduced pressure, the solid component (filtrate) was thoroughly washed with ethanol, and then dried under reduced pressure to obtain a supported catalyst.
（参考例４Ａ）
フラスコにＴＥＧを１２５ｍＬ投入した。Ｒｕ（ａｃａｃ）３を０．９８６９ｇ（２．５ｍｍｏｌ）と活性炭（ＦＡＭ−５０）を４．７４９６ｇとを秤とり前記ＴＥＧ中に添加し、超音波で３０ｍｉｎの間分散して混合液を作製した。混合液に高分子保護材は添加しなかった。この混合液を６℃／分の昇温速度で２００℃まで加熱し、２００℃で３ｈｒ加熱撹拌し、その後冷却した。遠心分離を用いて冷却後の混合液から固体成分を沈降させ上澄みを除去し、固体成分をエタノールで十分に洗浄した後減圧乾燥を実施し、担持触媒を得た。
( Reference example 4A)
125 mL of TEG was added to the flask. 0.9869 g (2.5 mmol) of Ru(acac) 3 and 4.7496 g of activated carbon (FAM-50) were weighed and added into the TEG, and ultrasonically dispersed for 30 min to prepare a mixed liquid. .. No polymer protective material was added to the mixed solution. This mixed liquid was heated to 200° C. at a heating rate of 6° C./min, heated and stirred at 200° C. for 3 hours, and then cooled. The solid component was allowed to settle from the cooled mixed liquid using centrifugation, the supernatant was removed, and the solid component was thoroughly washed with ethanol and then dried under reduced pressure to obtain a supported catalyst.
（Ｒｕ粒子の平均粒子径）
参考例１Ａ及び参考例２Ａの担持触媒をＴＥＭでそれぞれ倍率１５００００倍、２０００００倍で観察し、得られた粒子像から１００個の粒子の粒子径を計測し、その平均を求め、Ｒｕ粒子の平均粒子径とした。図１に参考例１ＡのＴＥＭ像を、図２に参考例２ＡのＴＥＭ像を示す。参考例１Ａの平均粒子径は３．３４ｎｍ、参考例２Ａの平均粒子径は３．１４ｎｍであった。また、図１及び図２から、凝集した粒子の存在は確認されなかった。
(Average particle diameter of Ru particles)
The supported catalysts of Reference Example 1A and Reference Example 2A were observed with a TEM at magnifications of 150,000 times and 200,000 times, respectively, and the particle diameters of 100 particles were measured from the obtained particle images, and the average thereof was calculated to find the average of Ru particles. The particle size was used. FIG. 1 shows a TEM image of Reference Example 1A, and FIG. 2 shows a TEM image of Reference Example 2A. The average particle size of Reference Example 1A was 3.34 nm, and the average particle size of Reference Example 2A was 3.14 nm. In addition, the presence of aggregated particles was not confirmed from FIGS. 1 and 2.
（結晶状態）
参考例１Ａ及び参考例２Ａの担持触媒について、ＸＲＤ測定を行った。ＸＲＤ測定条件は、室温でλ＝ＣｕＫαである。図３に参考例１ＡのＸＲＤパターンを、図４に参考例２ＡのＸＲＤパターンを示す。図３において、Ｒｕのパターンは（ｆｃｃ）Ｒｕのパターンを示しており、Ｒｕ粒子がｆｃｃ構造を有することが確認できた。図４において、Ｒｕのパターンは（ｆｃｃ）Ｒｕのパターン及び（ｈｃｐ）Ｒｕのパターンを含むことが示されていた。
(Crystal state)
XRD measurement was performed on the supported catalysts of Reference Example 1A and Reference Example 2A. The XRD measurement condition is λ=CuKα at room temperature. FIG. 3 shows the XRD pattern of Reference Example 1A, and FIG. 4 shows the XRD pattern of Reference Example 2A. In FIG. 3, the Ru pattern shows the pattern of (fcc)Ru, and it was confirmed that the Ru particles have the fcc structure. In FIG. 4, it has been shown that the Ru pattern includes the (fcc)Ru pattern and the (hcp)Ru pattern.
Claims (5)
前記担持体は、アルミナ、シリカアルミナ、カルシア、セリア、セリアジルコニア、ランタナ、ランタナアルミナ、酸化スズ、酸化タングステン、アルミノシリケート、アルミノホスフェート、ボロシリケート、リンタングステン酸、ヒドロキシアパタイト、ハイドロタルサイト、ペロブスカイト、コージェライト、ムライト及びシリコンカーバイドの中から選ばれる１種以上であり、
前記担持触媒の外表面に高分子保護材が存在しないことを特徴とする担持触媒。 In a supported catalyst in which Ru particles as nanoparticles are supported on a support,
The support is alumina, silica alumina, calcia, ceria, ceria zirconia, lantana, lantana alumina, tin oxide, tungsten oxide, aluminosilicate, aluminophosphate, borosilicate, phosphotungstic acid, hydroxyapatite, hydrotalcite, perovskite, cordierite, at least one selected from among mullite and silicon card by de,
A supported catalyst characterized in that no polymeric protective material is present on the outer surface of the supported catalyst.
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