JP6707245B2 - Vertical hydroponic cultivation system and vertical hydroponic cultivation method - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a vertical hydroponic cultivation system and a vertical hydroponic cultivation method.

Conventionally, the thing described in patent documents 1 and 2 is known as a vertical hydroponic cultivation system.
The vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Patent Document 1 includes a plurality of hollow hydroponic cultivation towers (vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinders), and an irrigation means for supplying a nutrient solution to a medium material in the hollow hydroponic cultivation towers (nutrition solution supply). Means), and.
Further, the hollow hydroponic cultivation tower has a rectangular cross section and is provided on one side surface thereof with a groove (vertical slit or opening) for planting a plant seedling.
Further, in the hollow hydroponic cultivation tower, a medium material selected from granular medium, styrofoam, polyurethane foam, plastic mesh, rock wool, coconut fiber, wicking strip, cultivation bag and vermiculite is inserted. (See Patent Document 1).
In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Patent Document 2, a large number of planting holes for planting plants are provided on the side surface, and a hollow tube filled with a medium such as a non-woven fabric is placed inside a storage tank filled with a nutrient solution. It has a structure in which the nutrient solution is supplied upright to the medium in which the plant is planted by ejecting air from the lower end of the liquid supply tube installed in the hollow tube (see Patent Document 2).

Moreover, conventionally, the thing described in patent document 3 is known as a vertical hydroponic cultivation system.
The vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Patent Document 3 includes a plurality of vertical hydroponic cultivation tubes that are hung on the ceiling of a house or erected on the floor surface, and a medium that is removably accommodated in the vertical hydroponic cultivation tube. A nutrient solution supply means for supplying the nutrient solution from the nutrient solution storage tank to the medium, and a nutrient solution collection means for collecting the nutrient solution dropped from the lower part of the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder and collecting it in the nutrient solution storage tank are provided. In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system, the vertical hydroponic tube has a vertical slit for planting a plant seedling on one side thereof, and the medium sandwiches the water-retaining sheet and both sides thereof. It is made of breathable material.

That is, in the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Patent Document 3, as described above, the medium which is detachably inserted into the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder is sandwiched between the water-retaining sheet for planting plant seedlings and the both surfaces thereof. It is composed of a breathable material, and the nutrient solution is made to drip to the upper end of the water retention sheet, so that water is reliably supplied to the roots of the plant seedlings sandwiched between the water retention sheet and the breathable material. Therefore, the plant can be prevented from wilting even if a large amount of nutrient solution is not dropped on the medium by a high output pump.
In addition, oxygen is also reliably supplied to the roots of plant seedlings sandwiched between the water-retaining sheet and the breathable material, so that root rot of cultivated plants can be prevented.
In addition, by using a water-holding sheet and a breathable material as the culture medium, and sharing the roles, it has a low water-holding ability but is excellent in breathability and is inexpensive and easy to supply. It has an effect that it can be widely used for excellent and inexpensive materials and materials that can be easily supplied, and the range of selection of materials can be widened.

Japanese Patent Publication No. 2017-538405 JP, 11-46606, A JP, 2008-113927, A

However, as in the vertical hydroponic cultivation systems of Patent Documents 1 and 2, when one type of medium is contained in the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder, water and air compete for the empty wall in the medium. Therefore, it is not easy to cultivate successfully because the gas phase ratio becomes low due to the amount of nutrient solution to cause root rot, and the use was limited to only those having a good water/gas phase balance.
That is, when the medium has high water retention and low air permeability (the gas phase ratio in the medium is too low), root rot occurs, and conversely, high air permeability and low water retention (liquid phase ratio in the medium is too low) ), a large amount of nutrient solution needs to be supplied to prevent the seedlings from dying, and the capacity of the pump used to supply or circulate the nutrient solution increases, resulting in high equipment costs and running costs. was there.
On the contrary, if the water retention is high and the air permeability is low (the liquid phase ratio in the medium is too high), root rot occurs. Alternatively, there is a problem that a complicated device is required to avoid the lack of air, resulting in high equipment cost and inconvenient operation. Even if a medium having a good balance of water phase and gas phase (for example, rockwool) is selected, since the medium filled in the cultivation cylinder contains water, the weight of the entire cultivation cylinder becomes heavy, resulting in poor workability. There was a problem.

Further, in the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Patent Document 3, a structure in which a medium composed of a water-retaining sheet and an air-permeable material sandwiching both surfaces thereof is housed in a vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder so as to be removable Therefore, there are problems as described below.
That is, in the vertical hydroponics system of the conventional example, it is necessary to draw the medium in the state where the seedlings or seeds of the plant are sandwiched between the water-retaining sheet and the breathable material into the vertical hydroponics cylinder. However, there was a problem in that case, especially when planting a large plant in the basement of the seedling, a large amount of force was required.
In addition, when the seedlings of the plant grow close to the part sandwiched by the above-ground parts, the plant may rub against the slit helicopter when pulling in.To avoid this, carefully take the time to pull in the plant. In addition, it was necessary to allocate a plurality of personnel to divide the work of protecting the above-ground part and drawing in the medium.
Similarly, when cleaning up a vertical hydroponic tube in which the cultivation of the plant has been completed, a large force is required to pull out the medium in which the underground part of the plant enlarged during cultivation is sandwiched.
In addition, when washing the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder for repeated use, it is difficult to wash because there is only a narrow slit-shaped empty portion, and it was also difficult to confirm whether it was properly washed.
As described above, the conventional technique has various problems in workability.
Furthermore, since the hook is used for hooking and pulling it out to insert and remove it, repeated use of the hook hooked portion causes the hook to stretch and tear, resulting in a problem with durability.

The problem to be solved by the present invention is to prevent root rot of cultivated plants, and to efficiently cultivate the plants by supplying a small amount of nutrient solution, or vertical hydroponics that can be cultivated at a high yield. To provide a cultivation system and a vertical hydroponics method.
Further, the problem to be solved by the present invention is a series of operations such as preparatory work for cultivation such as plant seedlings or seed planting, removal during the cultivation period, after the cultivation is completed, and cleaning of the outer frame after the removal. The present invention provides a vertical hydroponic cultivation system and a vertical hydroponic cultivation method that can be easily performed with a small amount of labor, have high durability, can be used for a long time, and can be implemented at high cost.

In order to solve the above problems, the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of the present invention includes a vertical hydroponic tube that is hung on the ceiling of the house or erected on the floor, and is removably housed in the vertical hydroponic tube. A vertical hydroponic cultivation system comprising a culture medium, and a nutrient solution supply means for supplying the nutrient solution from the nutrient solution storage tank to the medium,
The vertical hydroponics cylinder comprises at least one vertical slit or a plurality of openings for planting seedlings or seeds of plants in at least one direction thereof,
The medium is composed of a water-retaining sheet and a breathable material sandwiching at least both sides thereof,
A guide member having a nutrient solution supply opening for guiding the nutrient solution dropped from the nutrient solution supply means to the upper end of the water retentive sheet at the lower end is provided at the upper end opening of the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder. Is characterized by.

Further, the vertical hydroponics system of the present invention,
The guide member is a funnel-shaped cap having a nutrient solution supply opening portion at the lower end portion for guiding the nutrient solution dropped from the nutrient solution supply means to the upper end portion of the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder to the upper end portion of the water retention sheet. There are cases.

Further, the vertical hydroponics system of the present invention,
The nutrient solution supply opening may touch the water retention sheet.

Further, the vertical hydroponics system of the present invention,
The water retention sheet may have a thickness of 2 mm or more.

Further, the vertical hydroponics system of the present invention,
The upper end of the water retention sheet may project from the upper surfaces of both breathable materials.
Further, the vertical hydroponics system of the present invention,
The upper end of the water retention sheet protruding from the upper end of the breathable material is bent and placed on the upper surface of at least one of the breathable materials,
In some cases, the nutrient solution may be configured to be bent and dropped from the nutrient solution supply opening onto the water-retaining sheet placed.
Furthermore, the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of the present invention further comprises:
The water-retentive sheet that has been bent is formed in an inclined shape in which the upper surface of the water-retaining sheet becomes higher toward the outside by increasing the thickness as it goes to the tip,
In some cases, the nutrient solution may be configured to be dripped from the nutrient solution supply opening portion onto the water-holding sheet that has been folded and placed.
Furthermore, the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of the present invention further comprises:
At least a bent member having a tilted upper surface on the upper surface of the breathable material on the side of the water-retaining sheet, which becomes higher toward the outside centering on the water-retaining sheet,
In some cases, the nutrient solution may be configured to be bent and dropped from the nutrient solution supply opening onto the water-retaining sheet placed.
Furthermore, the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of the present invention further comprises:
The upper surface of the breathable material on the side of the water-retentive sheet that has been bent is formed in an inclined shape with the water-retaining sheet as the center and increasing toward the outside,
In some cases, the nutrient solution may be configured to be bent and dropped from the nutrient solution supply opening onto the water-retaining sheet placed.

Further, the vertical hydroponics system of the present invention,
The cap may be equipped with a light-shielding wall that shields the upper end side of the medium contained in the vertical hydroponic culture tube in a state of closing the slit or the opening surface side of the vertical hydroponic culture tube.

Further, the vertical hydroponics system of the present invention,
The upper opening edge of the cap may be provided with a lid that can open and close the upper opening of the cap.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation method of the present invention is a vertical hydroponic cultivation tube hung on the ceiling of a house or erected on the floor surface, a culture medium removably accommodated in the vertical hydroponic cultivation tube, and a nutrient solution. And a nutrient solution supply means for supplying a nutrient solution from the storage tank to the medium,
The vertical hydroponics cylinder comprises at least one vertical slit or a plurality of openings for planting seedlings or seeds of plants in at least one direction thereof,
The medium is composed of a water-retaining sheet and a breathable material sandwiching at least both sides thereof,
The vertical type hydroponic cultivation tube is provided with a guide member having a nutrient solution supply opening portion at the lower end portion for guiding the nutrient solution dropped from the nutrient solution supply means to the upper end portion of the water retentive sheet,
The nutrient solution is supplied from the nutrient solution supply means to the water retentive sheet via the guide member, so that seedlings or seeds of the plant are grown with the nutrient solution supplied to the water retentive sheet.

Further, the vertical hydroponics method of the present invention,
The guide member is a funnel-type cap having a nutrient solution supply opening portion at the lower end portion for guiding the nutrient solution dropped from the nutrient solution supply means to the upper end portion of the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder to the upper end portion of the water retention sheet. There are cases.

Further, the vertical hydroponics method of the present invention,
The nutrient solution supply opening may be brought into contact with the water retention sheet.

Further, the vertical hydroponics method of the present invention,
The thickness of the water retention sheet may be 2 mm or more.

Further, the vertical hydroponics method of the present invention,
In some cases, the upper end of the water retentive sheet may protrude from the upper surface of both breathable materials.
Furthermore, the vertical hydroponics method of the present invention,
Bend the upper end of the water retention sheet protruding from the upper end of the breathable material on the upper surface of at least one breathable material,
In some cases, the nutrient solution may be dropped from the nutrient solution supply opening portion onto the water-holding sheet that is folded and placed.
Furthermore, the vertical hydroponics method of the present invention further comprises
The bent water-retaining sheet is formed in an inclined shape in which the upper surface of the folded water-retaining sheet becomes thicker as it goes toward the tip, and the upper surface of the water-retaining sheet becomes higher toward the outside.
In some cases, the nutrient solution may be configured to be bent and dropped from the nutrient solution supply opening portion onto the water-retaining sheet placed.
Furthermore, the vertical hydroponics method of the present invention further comprises
At least a bent member having a tilted upper surface on the upper surface of the breathable material on the side of the water-retaining sheet, which becomes higher toward the outside centering on the water-retaining sheet,
In some cases, the nutrient solution may be configured to be bent and dropped from the nutrient solution supply opening portion onto the water-retaining sheet placed.
Furthermore, the vertical hydroponics method of the present invention further comprises
The upper surface of the breathable material on the side of the folded water-retaining sheet is formed in an inclined shape with the water-retaining sheet as the center and becoming higher toward the outside,
In some cases, the nutrient solution may be configured to be bent and dropped from the nutrient solution supply opening portion onto the water-retaining sheet placed.

Further, the vertical hydroponics method of the present invention,
The cap may be equipped with a light-shielding wall that shields the upper end side of the medium contained in the vertical hydroponic culture tube in a state of closing the slit or the opening surface side of the vertical hydroponic culture tube.

Further, the vertical hydroponics method of the present invention,
The upper opening edge of the cap may be provided with a lid that can open and close the upper opening of the cap.

Further, the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of the present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems is a vertically long medium composed of a water-retaining sheet and a breathable material sandwiching at least both surfaces thereof, and one side edge of the water-retaining sheet. A pair of split-type outer frames that sandwich one or more gaps for planting seedlings or seeds between the water-retaining sheet and the breathable material and sandwich the medium from both breathable material sides, and both outer frames A connecting means for detachably connecting each other, a solution storage tank, and a nutrient solution supply means for supplying a nutrient solution from the solution storage tank to the medium,
The cross-sections of both outer frames are substantially U-shaped or substantially semicircular to surround the outer periphery of each breathable material leaving the gap portion,
It is characterized in that the nutrient solution is dropped from the nutrient solution supply means onto the water-retaining sheet.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation system of the present invention is a vertically long medium composed of a water-retaining sheet and a breathable material sandwiching at least both sides thereof, and a water-retaining sheet and breathability near both side edges of the water-retaining sheet, respectively. A pair of split-type outer frames that sandwich the medium from both sides of the breathable material with one or more gaps for planting seedlings or seeds between the material and the outer frames are detachably connected. A connecting means, a solution storage tank, and a nutrient solution supply means for supplying a nutrient solution from the solution storage tank to the medium,
The cross-sections of both outer frames are substantially U-shaped or substantially semicircular to surround the outer periphery of each breathable material leaving the gap portion,
It is characterized in that the nutrient solution is dropped from the nutrient solution supply means onto the water-retaining sheet.

Further, the vertical hydroponics system of the present invention,
There may be a top plate portion that covers at least a part of the upper end surfaces of both outer frames.
Further, the vertical hydroponics system of the present invention,
The top plate portion may be formed on an inclined surface that is inclined downward toward the opposite sides of both outer frames.

Further, the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of the present invention,
There may be a case in which a gap between the outer frames for planting a plant seedling or a seed is elongated and continuous in the longitudinal direction.

Further, the vertical hydroponics system of the present invention,
In order to plant seedlings or seeds between the outer frames, a plurality of gaps may be formed under a certain vertical interval.

Further, the vertical hydroponics system of the present invention,
In some cases, the connecting means has a structure in which the outer frames are detachably engaged with each other.

Further, the vertical hydroponics system of the present invention,
The connecting means may be a binding band that winds and fastens at least one location on the outer circumference of both outer frames.

Further, the vertical hydroponics system of the present invention,
The connecting means may be a heat-melting band that winds and fastens at least one location on the outer circumference of both outer frames.

Further, the vertical hydroponics system of the present invention,
There may be a case where a fixing means is provided for fixing the lower portion of the nutrient liquid droplet of the nutrient solution supplying means so as to be located right above the water retaining sheet.

Further, the vertical hydroponics system of the present invention,
There is a case where the lower end of the nutrient liquid droplet of the nutrient liquid supply means touches the water retaining sheet.

Further, the vertical hydroponics system of the present invention,
In some cases, the lower drop of the nutrient solution of the nutrient solution supply means is sandwiched between the water-retaining sheet and the upper end portion of the one breathable material.

Further, the vertical hydroponics system of the present invention,
The lower end has a nutrient solution supply opening for guiding the nutrient solution dripping from the nutrient solution supply means to the upper end portion of the water-retaining sheet at the upper end opening portion of the vertically long columnar body formed by the two outer frames and the medium that are connected to each other. It may be provided with a guide member.
Further, the vertical hydroponics system of the present invention,
The guide member may be a funnel-shaped cap having a nutrient solution supply opening portion at the lower end portion for guiding the nutrient solution dropped from the nutrient solution supply means to the upper end portions of both outer frames to the upper end portion of the water retention sheet. .
Furthermore, the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of the present invention further comprises:
The cap may be provided with a light shielding wall that shields the upper end side of the culture medium contained in both outer frames in a state of closing at least a part of the side surface portion not surrounded by both outer frames.

Further, the vertical hydroponics system of the present invention,
The upper end of the water retention sheet may project from the upper surfaces of both breathable materials.
Further, the vertical hydroponics system of the present invention,
There is a case where the upper end portion of the water retention sheet protruding from the upper end of the breathable material is bent and placed on the upper surface of at least one of the breathable materials.

Further, the vertical hydroponics system of the present invention,
The nutrient solution supplying means is provided with a flow rate adjusting means for adjusting the amount of the nutrient solution supplied to the water retaining sheet, and is configured to drop the nutrient solution from the flow rate adjusting means onto the water retaining sheet,
A water content sensor may be provided at the lower end of the water retention sheet.

Further, the vertical hydroponics system of the present invention,
A warm heater may be provided in contact with the water retention sheet.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation method of the present invention is a vertically long medium composed of a water-retaining sheet and a breathable material sandwiching at least both sides thereof, and a water-retaining sheet and breathability near one side edge of the water-retaining sheet. A pair of split outer frames that sandwich the medium from both sides of the breathable material with one or more gaps for planting seedlings or seeds between the material and the outer frames are detachably connected to each other. A connecting means, a solution storage tank, and a nutrient solution supply means for supplying a nutrient solution from the solution storage tank to the medium,
The cross-sections of both outer frames have a substantially U shape or a semi-circular shape that surrounds the outer periphery of each breathable material leaving the gap portion,
It is characterized in that the nutrient solution is dropped from the nutrient solution supply means onto the water-retaining sheet.

The vertical hydroponic cultivation method of the present invention is a vertically long medium composed of a water-retaining sheet and a breathable material sandwiching at least both sides thereof, and a water-retaining sheet and breathability near both side edges of the water-retaining sheet, respectively. A pair of split outer frames that sandwich the medium from both sides of the breathable material with one or more gaps for planting seedlings or seeds between the material and the outer frames are detachably connected to each other. A connecting means, a solution storage tank, and a nutrient solution supply means for supplying a nutrient solution from the solution storage tank to the medium,
The cross-sections of both outer frames have a substantially U shape or a semi-circular shape that surrounds the outer periphery of each breathable material leaving the gap portion,
It is characterized in that the nutrient solution is dropped from the nutrient solution supply means onto the water-retaining sheet.

Further, the vertical hydroponics method of the present invention,
There may be a top plate portion that covers at least a part of the upper end surfaces of both outer frames.
Furthermore, the vertical hydroponics method of the present invention,
The top plate portion may be formed on an inclined surface that is inclined downward toward the opposite sides of both outer frames.

Further, the vertical hydroponics method of the present invention,
There may be a case in which a gap between the outer frames for planting a plant seedling or a seed is elongated and continuous in the longitudinal direction.

Further, the vertical hydroponics method of the present invention,
In order to plant seedlings or seeds between the outer frames, a plurality of gaps may be formed under a certain vertical interval.

Further, the vertical hydroponics method of the present invention,
In some cases, the connecting means has a structure in which the outer frames are detachably engaged with each other.

Further, the vertical hydroponics method of the present invention,
The connecting means may be a binding band that winds and fastens at least one location on the outer circumference of both outer frames.

Further, the vertical hydroponics method of the present invention,
The connecting means may be a heat-melting band that winds and fastens at least one location on the outer circumference of both outer frames.

Further, the vertical hydroponics method of the present invention,
There may be a case where a fixing means is provided for fixing the lower portion of the nutrient liquid droplet of the nutrient solution supplying means so as to be located right above the water retaining sheet.

Further, the vertical hydroponics method of the present invention,
There is a case where the lower end of the nutrient liquid droplet of the nutrient liquid supply means touches the water retaining sheet.

Further, the vertical hydroponics method of the present invention,
In some cases, the lower drop of the nutrient solution of the nutrient solution supply means is sandwiched between the water-retaining sheet and the upper end portion of the one breathable material.

Further, the vertical hydroponics method of the present invention,
The lower end has a nutrient solution supply opening for guiding the nutrient solution dripping from the nutrient solution supply means to the upper end portion of the water-retaining sheet at the upper end opening portion of the vertically long columnar body formed by the two outer frames and the medium that are connected to each other. It may be provided with a guide member.
Furthermore, the vertical hydroponics method of the present invention,
The guide member may be a funnel-shaped cap having a nutrient solution supply opening portion at the lower end portion for guiding the nutrient solution dropped from the nutrient solution supply means to the upper end portions of both outer frames to the upper end portion of the water retention sheet. .
Furthermore, the vertical hydroponic cultivation method according to the present invention,
The cap may be provided with a light shielding wall that shields the upper end side of the culture medium contained in both outer frames in a state of closing at least a part of the side surface portion not surrounded by both outer frames.

Further, the vertical hydroponics method of the present invention,
The upper end of the water retention sheet may project from the upper surfaces of both breathable materials.
Furthermore, the vertical hydroponics method of the present invention,
There is a case where the upper end portion of the water retention sheet protruding from the upper end of the breathable material is bent and placed on the upper surface of at least one of the breathable materials.

Further, the vertical hydroponics method of the present invention,
The nutrient solution supplying means is provided with a flow rate adjusting means for adjusting the amount of the nutrient solution supplied to the water retaining sheet, and is configured to drop the nutrient solution from the flow rate adjusting means onto the water retaining sheet,
A water content sensor may be provided at the lower end of the water retention sheet.

Further, the vertical hydroponics method of the present invention,
A warm heater may be provided in contact with the water retention sheet.

Further, the vertical hydroponics method of the present invention,
The cuttings of plants may be planted between the water retention sheet and the water permeable material.

Further, the vertical hydroponics method of the present invention,
There is a case where a plant rooted in a water retaining sheet is planted by being sandwiched between both breathable materials while being attached to the water retaining sheet.

In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of the present invention, as described above, the medium that is accommodated in the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder in a removable manner, a water-retaining sheet into which plant seedlings or seeds are planted, and both sides of which are aerated. It is composed of a water-repellent material, and the nutrient solution is dripped on the upper edge of the water-retaining sheet, so that water and oxygen are reliably supplied to the roots of plant seedlings sandwiched between the water-retaining sheet and the breathable material. Therefore, withering and root rot of the cultivated plant can be prevented.
In addition, by using a water-holding sheet and a breathable material as the medium, and sharing the roles, the water-holding ability is low, but it is excellent in breathability and inexpensive, and easy to supply. It can be widely used as long as it is excellent and inexpensive or easily supplied, and the range of choice of materials can be expanded.
Further, by selecting a material that is light in weight and is not easily broken, it is possible to improve performance such as ease of use.

Further, by providing a guide member having a nutrient solution supply opening portion at the lower end portion that guides the nutrient solution dropped from the nutrient solution supply means to the upper end portion of the vertical hydroponic culture tube to the upper end portion of the water retention sheet, The nutrient solution can be reliably guided to the water retaining sheet without leaking in the direction of the breathable material. This reduces the risk that the nutrient solution that reaches the plant will decrease and die even if the nutrient solution lower position shifts slightly to the left or right using the nutrient solution supply device that has a large variation in the nutrient solution drop position. it can.
The nutrient solution can be collected in the water-retaining sheet by a method of sandwiching the tip of the tube for feeding water under the liquid droplets between the breathable material and the water-retaining sheet without using the above-mentioned guide member. Since it is possible to make the drip opening portion of the nutrient solution lowering means visible, it is easier to check whether the nutrient solution is clogged.
This makes it easy to visually check, and also enables remote monitoring by linking the monitoring camera.

Further, in the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of the present invention, as described above, the medium that is accommodated in the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder so that the medium can be inserted/removed, the water retention sheet for planting seedlings or seeds of the plant, and both sides thereof are sandwiched. It is composed of a breathable material, and the nutrient solution is allowed to drip to the upper edge of the water retention sheet, so that water and oxygen can be reliably applied to the roots of plant seedlings sandwiched between the water retention sheet and the breathable material. Is supplied, it is possible to prevent the death and root rot of cultivated plants.
In addition, by using a water-holding sheet and a breathable material as the medium, and sharing the roles, the water-holding ability is low, but it is excellent in breathability and inexpensive, and easy to supply. It can be widely used as long as it is excellent and inexpensive or easily supplied, and the range of choice of materials can be expanded.
Further, by selecting a material that is light in weight and is not easily broken, it is possible to improve performance such as ease of use.

Further, as the guide member, a funnel-shaped cap having a lower end of a nutrient liquid droplet lowering port that guides the nutrient liquid dropped from the nutrient liquid supply means to the upper end portion of the water retaining sheet to the upper end opening portion of the vertical hydroponic cultivation tube. By doing so, it is possible to significantly reduce the open area of the upper end opening of the vertical hydroponic cultivation tube, and to prevent dust (including mold spores) from entering the vertical hydroponic cultivation tube. be able to.
In addition, if the cultivated plant grows higher than the upper end of the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder, the leaves and stems will enter the cultivation cylinder at the time of harvesting etc. if it is not capped, and it will be left as it is and thus the spider mites It becomes a source of breeding insects and rots. By using the above-mentioned cap, the invasion of leaves and stems can be suppressed, and the leaves and stems can be easily cleaned by removing only the cap, and the risk of pest damage can be reduced by a simple method. .
Further, since it is possible to suppress the penetration of light into the medium, it becomes possible to suppress the generation of mold and algae in the medium.
Even if the plant does not have a disease-causing property, if the cultivation is continued for a long period of time, the algae will grow on the surface of the water-retaining sheet, which will not only give a bad appearance but also the surface of the water-retaining sheet. Becomes hydrophobic and the water retention capacity decreases. As a result, part of the dropped nutrient solution is lost to the side of the breathable material, and eventually the nutrient solution supply to the plants becomes insufficient.
On the other hand, by using the funnel-shaped cap as described above, the plant can be efficiently cultivated with a minimum required amount of nutrient droplets even during long-term continuous cultivation.

Further, in the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of the present invention, as described above, the lower end opening of the guide member is brought into contact with the upper end of the water retention sheet, so that the nutrient solution leaks in the direction of the breathable material. Without, it can be surely dropped on the water retention sheet.
Also, it is possible to easily confirm that the nutrient solution is not clogged from the tube under the nutrient solution.
As a result, it becomes possible to cultivate the plant with the minimum required amount of the nutrient solution.

Further, in the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of the present invention, as described above, by setting the thickness of the water retaining sheet to 2 mm or more, the nutrient solution can be more surely dropped onto the water retaining sheet.
As a result, it becomes possible to cultivate the plant with the minimum required amount of the nutrient solution.

Further, in the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of the present invention, as described above, the upper end of the water-retaining sheet is projected from the upper surfaces of both air-permeable materials, so that the distance to the drip port can be reduced, so that the nutrient solution Can be first dripped onto the water retentive sheet.
As a result, it becomes possible to cultivate the plant with the minimum required amount of the nutrient solution.

Further, in the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of the present invention, as described above, the upper end portion of the water-retaining sheet protruding from the upper end of the breathable material is simply folded and placed on the upper surface of at least one of the breathable materials. Compared to the case where the water retaining sheet is sandwiched between the breathable materials, the nutrient solution can be effectively collected in the water retaining sheet without losing a part of the nutrient solution to the side of the breathable material.

Further, in the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of the present invention, as described above, the folded water retention sheet has its upper surface going outward with the water retention sheet as the center because the wall thickness becomes thicker toward the tip thereof. By forming it in an inclined shape that becomes higher with the increase in the water retention sheet, it prevents the nutrient solution dripping on the folded water retention sheet from splashing outside, and the time to stay on the upper surface is shorter than when there is no inclination. It is possible to effectively utilize the nutrient solution by suppressing leakage of the nutrient solution dropped on the water retaining sheet toward the breathable material and evaporation on the upper surface.

Further, in the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of the present invention, as described above, at least the upper surface of the breathable material on the side of the water-retaining sheet has an inclined upper surface which becomes higher as going outward with the water-retaining sheet as the center. By providing the inclined member having, the upper surface of the folded water retaining sheet becomes an inclined surface, thereby preventing splashing of the nutrient solution dripped on the folded water retaining sheet to the outside and keeping the time on the upper surface. By shortening compared to when there is no inclination, leakage of the nutrient solution dropped on the water retention sheet toward the breathable material and evaporation on the upper surface are suppressed, so that the nutrient solution can be used efficiently. Become.

Further, in the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of the present invention, as described above, the upper surface of the breathable material on the side of the folded water-retaining sheet is formed in an inclined shape that becomes higher toward the outside with the water-retaining sheet as the center. With this, the upper surface of the folded water-retaining sheet becomes an inclined surface to prevent splashing of the nutrient solution dripped on the folded water-retaining sheet to the outside, and when there is no inclination to stay on the upper surface. By making the length shorter than that, it is possible to suppress the leakage of the nutrient solution dropped on the water-retaining sheet toward the breathable material and the evaporation on the upper surface, so that the nutrient solution can be efficiently used.

Further, in the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of the present invention, the cap has a light-shielding wall that shields the upper end side of the medium contained in the vertical hydroponic cultivation tube from a slit or an opening of the vertical hydroponic cultivation tube. By providing the part surface side in a closed state, it is possible to prevent dust (including mold spores) from adhering to the surface of the water-retaining sheet and to prevent light from shining on the surface of the water-retaining sheet. It becomes possible to suppress the generation of mold and algae.

Further, in the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of the present invention, the upper end opening edge portion of the cap is provided with a lid body capable of opening and closing the upper end opening portion of the cap, so that the guide member when the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder is not used. By completely closing the mouth, it becomes possible to prevent the entry of dust (including mold spores) into the cap.

Further, in the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of the present invention, as described above, plant seedlings or seeds are planted as an outer frame between the water-retaining sheet and the breathable material near one side edge of the water-retaining sheet. For this reason, a pair of split-type outer frames that sandwich the culture medium from both sides of the breathable material with one or more gaps between them are made detachable by connecting means between the two outer frames. Therefore, the preparation work such as planting seedlings or seeds of the plant, which required time and labor, and the cleaning work of the outer frame after harvesting the plant can be easily performed without requiring time and labor.
Further, by making the outer frame a split type, there is an advantage that the volume can be about half that of the conventional cultivation cylinder during transportation, and the space can be reduced when it is stored as inventory.

In addition, in the type in which the medium described in Patent Document 3 is inserted and removed, since it is pulled by a hook or the like at the time of planting and removing seedlings, when repeatedly used, the part that folds and hooks is deteriorated, and the medium is torn and endured. It had the drawback of being poor in sex.
On the other hand, when the outer periphery of the culture medium is surrounded by the split-type outer frame as in the present application, it is not necessary to insert and remove the culture medium, so that the culture medium is not torn off, and as a result, the life of the entire cultivation device is improved.

Also, since it is not necessary to fold the medium in half so that it can be inserted and removed, that is, it is not necessary to secure the thickness of the folded part for withdrawal, so at the longest, the entire gap length is used for planting plants. it can.
As a result, more seedlings can be planted in one cultivation cylinder of the same length as compared with the conventional pull-out type (outer cylinder integrated type).

Further, since the insertion/removal is unnecessary, the shape of the gap does not necessarily have to be continuous in the vertical direction, and it is possible to keep the shape closed except for the minimum gap for planting seedlings. This makes it possible to prevent light from shining on the base of the plant or the underground part of the plant grown on the medium, and also to suppress the evaporation of water from the medium.

In addition, one or more gaps for planting seedlings or seeds of plants are provided between the water-retaining sheet and the breathable material in the vicinity of both side edges of the water-retaining sheet, so that the conventional one side is planted. Compared with the case, the number of cultivatable plant seedlings can be doubled at the maximum, and the production yield of plants can be greatly increased.

Also, by providing a top plate that covers the upper end surfaces of both outer frames, the open area of the upper end opening can be greatly reduced, and dust (including mold spores) can enter the outer frames. Can be suppressed. Further, since it is possible to suppress the penetration of light into the medium, it becomes possible to suppress the generation of mold and algae in the medium.
In addition, since the top plate portion is formed on the inclined surface that is inclined downward toward the opposite sides of both outer frames, the dropped nutrient solution can be concentratedly supplied to the water retaining sheet.

In addition, the gap for planting seedlings or seeds of the plant is formed in a state of being elongated in the longitudinal direction, so that the plant interval can be flexibly adjusted according to the size of the plant to be planted.

On the other hand, in the case where a plurality of gaps are formed under a constant vertical interval, even a person who is not skilled in the work can quickly plant seedlings at the intervals that should be planted.

Further, by providing a fixing means for fixing the nutrient solution lower opening of the nutrient solution supply means so as to be located right above the water retaining sheet, the nutrient solution can be applied to the water retaining sheet without leaking in the direction of the breathable material. It can be surely dropped.
As a result, it becomes possible to cultivate the plant with the minimum required amount of the nutrient solution.

Further, by making the nutrient solution lower opening of the nutrient solution supply means in contact with the upper end portion of the water retaining sheet, the nutrient solution can be surely dropped onto the water retaining sheet without leaking in the direction of the breathable material. it can.
As a result, it becomes possible to cultivate the plant with the minimum required amount of the nutrient solution.

Further, the nutrient solution lowering port of the nutrient solution supply means is sandwiched between the water retaining sheet and the upper end portions of the one breathable material, so that the nutrient solution can be surely dropped onto the water retaining sheet.
As a result, it becomes possible to cultivate the plant with the minimum required amount of the nutrient solution.

Further, by providing a guide member having a nutrient solution supply opening at the lower end portion for guiding the nutrient solution dripping from the nutrient solution supply means to the upper end portion of the water-retaining sheet, the drip opening portion of the nutrient solution lowering means can be visually observed. Since the liquid can be reliably collected in the water retaining sheet even when the medium is placed at a position separated from the easily visible medium, it is easy to check whether the nutrient solution is clogged.
This makes it easy to visually check, and also enables remote monitoring by linking the monitoring camera.
As a result, the burden on the operator is reduced.

Further, by providing a light shielding wall for shielding the upper end side in a state of closing at least a part of the side surface portion not surrounded by the split type outer frame, the surface of the water retentive sheet can be further improved as compared with the case where only the upper surface is covered. It is possible to suppress the adhesion of dust (including mold spores) and to prevent the surface of the water-retaining sheet from being exposed to light, thereby suppressing the generation of mold and algae in the medium.

In addition, instead of rooted plants, the method of sandwiching the cuttings is used to transplant normal plants with roots. In addition to the method of arranging plants on a water-retaining cloth placed on a sheet and then putting the other breathable material on top to create a sandwiched state and binding, a thing with a water retaining sheet sandwiched between breathable materials is separated. It is also easy to implement the columnar body surrounded by the frame without the plant and insert it between the breathable material and the water retention sheet. Even if the planting work is performed by one person, it takes time. It becomes possible to easily carry out without calling.
Moreover, cutting cuttings from plants that are being cultivated for harvesting in the surroundings can increase the number of cultivated plants without raising a nursery space or a raising period, which also contributes to the reduction of work.

Also, by using a method of planting both sides of the plant attached to the water retention sheet with breathable material, it is easy to plant even if you want to transplant in a state where the plant height is high and the underground part has developed to some extent. You can do the work.

Further, a nutrient solution collecting means for collecting the nutrient solution dropped from the lower part of the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder and collecting it in the nutrient solution storage tank is provided, wherein the nutrient solution collecting means is dripped from the lower part of the vertical hydroponic cultivation tube. By providing a drain pan for collecting the nutrient solution, and circulating the nutrient solution collected in the drain pan to the nutrient solution storage tank, the nutrient solution can be efficiently utilized and The cost can be reduced.
In addition, the disposal of the nutrient solution does not have much impact on the environment.

Further, the nutrient solution supplying means is provided with a flow rate adjusting means for adjusting the amount of the nutrient solution supplied to the water retaining sheet, and the nutrient solution is dropped from the flow rate adjusting means to the water retaining sheet. By installing a water content sensor in the section, the water content at the lower end of the water retention sheet can be adjusted so that it does not exceed the saturation level, and no nutrient solution recovery/circulation device is installed, or simple equipment such as a saucer can be installed. Is also possible. Alternatively, it is possible to use a system in which a very small amount of nutrient solution that exceeds the saturation amount by a small amount is circulated.

In addition, by providing a thermal heater in contact with the water retention sheet, the temperature around the fine roots of the plant in contact with the water retention sheet can be maintained at an appropriate temperature even in winter, which promotes the development of fine roots and nourishing them. It is possible to obtain an effect that the liquid absorption rate can be significantly improved and the yield can be improved.

It is a whole explanatory view showing a vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 1. FIG. 3 is an enlarged perspective view of a main part of the first embodiment. FIG. 3 is an enlarged front view of a main part showing the medium of Example 1. FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG. 1. It is the whole explanatory view showing the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 2. It is a principal part expanded vertical cross-sectional front view which shows the vertical type hydroponic cultivation system of Example 2. It is an enlarged plan view showing a cap of the second embodiment. It is sectional drawing in the BB line of FIG. It is sectional drawing in the CC line of FIG. It is a principal part expanded vertical cross-sectional front view which shows the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 3. It is a principal part expansion vertical cross-sectional front view which shows the vertical type hydroponic cultivation system of Example 4. It is a principal part expanded vertical cross-sectional front view which shows the vertical type hydroponic cultivation system of Example 5. It is a principal part expanded vertical cross-sectional front view which shows the vertical type hydroponic cultivation system of Example 6. It is a principal part expanded vertical cross-sectional front view which shows the vertical type hydroponic cultivation system of Example 7. It is a perspective view which shows the inclination member of Example 7. It is a principal part expanded vertical cross-sectional front view which shows the vertical type hydroponic cultivation system of Example 8. It is a top view which shows the cap of Example 9. It is a vertical side view in the DD line of FIG. It is a principal part expanded vertical cross-sectional front view which shows the vertical type hydroponic cultivation system of Example 10. It is a principal part expanded vertical cross-sectional front view which shows the vertical type hydroponic cultivation system of Experimental example 1. It is the whole explanatory view showing the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 11. FIG. 22 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG. 21. It is a principal part enlarged front view which shows the culture medium of Example 11. It is a perspective view which shows an outer frame. It is a principal part expanded vertical cross-sectional front view which shows the vertical type hydroponic cultivation system of Example 11. It is a principal part expanded vertical cross-sectional front view which shows the vertical type hydroponic cultivation system of Example 12. It is a principal part expanded vertical cross-sectional front view which shows the vertical type hydroponic cultivation system of Example 13. It is a principal part expanded vertical cross-sectional front view which shows the vertical type hydroponic cultivation system of Example 14. It is a principal part expanded vertical cross-sectional front view which shows the vertical type hydroponic cultivation system of Example 15. It is a principal part expansion vertical cross-sectional front view which shows the vertical type hydroponic cultivation system of Example 16. It is a principal part expanded vertical cross-sectional front view which shows the vertical type hydroponic cultivation system of Example 17. It is a principal part expansion vertical cross-section front view which shows the vertical type hydroponic cultivation system of Example 18. It is a perspective view which shows the inclination member of Example 18. It is a principal part expanded vertical cross-sectional front view which shows the vertical type hydroponic cultivation system of Example 19. It is the whole explanatory view showing the vertical hydroponics system of Example 20. It is the whole explanatory view showing the vertical hydroponics system of Example 21. It is a principal part expanded vertical cross-sectional front view which shows the vertical type hydroponic cultivation system of Example 22. It is a perspective view which shows the outer frame of Example 23. It is a perspective view which shows the outer frame of Example 24. It is a perspective view which shows the outer frame of Example 25. It is a principal part enlarged front view which shows the vertical hydroponics system of Example 26. It is an expanded transverse cross section which shows the vertical type hydroponic cultivation system of Example 27. It is an expanded transverse cross section which shows the vertical type hydroponic cultivation system of Example 28. It is the whole explanatory view showing the vertical hydroponics system of Example 29. It is a principal part expansion perspective view of Example 29. It is the whole explanatory view showing the vertical hydroponics system of Example 30. It is a principal part expanded vertical cross-sectional front view which shows the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 30. It is an expansion top view which shows the cap of Example 30. It is sectional drawing in the BB line of FIG. It is sectional drawing in the CC line|wire of FIG. It is an expansion top view which shows the cap of Example 31. It is sectional drawing in the DD line of FIG. FIG. 33 is an enlarged vertical sectional view showing a cap of Example 32.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

First, the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 1 will be described with reference to the drawings.
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 1 includes a vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 101, a medium 102, a nutrient solution storage tank 103, a nutrient solution supply means 104, and a nutrient solution. The liquid recovery means 105, a plant seedling or seed 106, a nutrient solution 107, and a guide member 108 are provided as main components.

More specifically, the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 101 has a rectangular cross section in the first embodiment, and has a vertical slit 111 for planting a plant seedling or seed 106 on one side surface thereof, It will be hung from the ceiling or installed upright on the floor.
It should be noted that the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 101 can be created by opening the slit 111 or a plurality of openings in a shape such as a square or circular cross section that is easy to mold. Alternatively, it is possible to utilize ready-made products such as ZIPGROW (trademark) manufactured by BrightAgorotech.

The culture medium 102 is composed of a water-retaining sheet 121 and breathable materials 122 and 123 sandwiching both sides thereof, and is inserted and stored in the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 101 so as to be removable.

The guide member 108 serves to properly guide the nutrient solution 107 dropped from the nutrient solution supply means 104 to the upper end opening of the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 101 to the upper end portion of the water retention sheet 121.
As shown in detail in FIG. 2, the guide member 108 is provided in a state of being hooked on the front and rear edge portions of the upper end opening edge portion of the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 101, and is fed from the nutrient solution supply means 104. A nutrient solution supply opening 108b is provided at the bottom of the wide upper end opening 108a for receiving the solution via an inclined surface inclined toward the center. In the first embodiment, the nutrient solution supply opening 108b is formed in a long slit shape along the longitudinal direction of the water retention sheet 121.

The nutrient solution supply unit 104 includes a nutrient solution supply pump 141, and the nutrient solution is supplied from the nutrient solution storage tank 103 to the upper end opening 108a of the guide member 108 through the nutrient solution supply pipe 104a to supply the nutrient solution at the lower end. The nutrient solution 107 is dropped onto the upper end of the water retentive sheet 121 from the opening 108b.
The dropping rate of the nutrient solution 107 is preferably 0.05 g/sec to 100 g/sec. Particularly preferred is 0.1 g/sec to 50 g/sec.
If it is less than 0.05 g/sec, even if the nutrient solution 107 is dropped onto the water retention sheet 121, the water retention sheet 121 is dried by evaporation and a sufficient amount of the nutrient solution 107 cannot be supplied to the roots of the plant.
On the other hand, if the value is larger than 100 g/sec, the nutrient solution 107 that cannot be retained in the water-retaining sheet 121 will flow out to the surface of the plant and wet the floor. Further, when the outflow of the liquid through the plants continues for a long time, the whole amount of the circulating nutrient solution is consumed, and the nutrient solution 107 to be supplied is exhausted and the plants die.
Moreover, when the nutrient solution 107 pumped up by one pump is circulated and used in the vertical hydroponic cultivation facility, the larger the number of the vertical hydroponic cultivation tubes 101, the one of the vertical hydroponic cultivation tubes 101. The drip rate that can be distributed around the area must be small.
Therefore, if the drip rate is set to be small, it becomes possible to cultivate plants with a large number of cultivation cylinders without using a high output and expensive pump.

The nutrient solution recovery means 105 includes a drain pan 151 for receiving the nutrient solution 107 dripping from the lower end of the water retaining sheet 121 and a nutrient solution recovery circulation pump 152, and the nutrient solution 107 accumulated in the drain pan 151 is recovered and recycled. The pump 152 collects and circulates the nutrient solution in the tank 103.

The thickness of the water retention sheet 121 is preferably 2 mm or more.
That is, the thicker the thickness, the more reliably the dripping nutrient solution 107 can be dripped onto the water retention sheet 121.
The water-retaining sheet 121 does not necessarily have to be one sheet, and a plurality of sheets may be stacked and used.
For example, two or more sheets having a thickness of 1 mm may be overlapped and sandwiched between the breathable materials 122 and 123 for use.
The upper limit of the thickness is preferably 80% of the thickness of the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 101, more preferably 70%. If the thickness is thicker than that, the amount of the nutrient solution 107 contained is too large and the weight becomes heavy, resulting in poor workability.

Next, the operation and effect of the first embodiment will be described.
Since the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of the first embodiment is configured as described above, as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, a plurality of plants are provided between the water retention sheet 121 and the breathable material 122 or 123. By inserting and mounting the medium 102 into the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 101 with the seedlings or seeds 106 sandwiched therebetween, the nutrient solution supply pump 141 drops the nutrient solution 107 into the upper end opening 108a of the guide member 108. When the nutrient solution supply opening 108b at the lower end is dropped onto the upper end portion of the water retention sheet 121, the seedlings or seeds 106 absorb the nutrient solution 107 from the water retention sheet 121 and grow.
In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of the first embodiment, as described above, the medium 102 that is accommodated in the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 101 in a removable manner, and the water retention sheet 121 into which the plant seedlings or seeds 106 are planted, It is composed of the breathable materials 122 and 123 sandwiching both sides thereof, and the nutrient solution 107 is made to drip to the upper end portion of the water retention sheet 121, so that the water retention sheet 121 and the breathable materials 122 and 123 are sandwiched between them. Since water and oxygen are reliably supplied to the roots of the sandwiched plant seedlings or seeds 106, it is possible to prevent the cultivated plants from dying and root rot.
In addition, the medium 102 has a two-part structure of a water-retaining sheet 121 and breathable materials 122 and 123, and by sharing the roles, it has a low water-retaining property but is excellent in breathability and is inexpensive or easy to supply. It can be widely used as long as it is low but excellent in water retention and inexpensive or easily supplied, and the range of selection of materials can be broadened.
Further, by selecting a material that is light in weight and is not easily broken, it is possible to improve performance such as ease of use.
Further, each vertical hydroponics cylinder by having at least one vertical slit or a plurality of openings for planting seedlings or seeds of plants in at least two directions of the vertical hydroponics device. It is possible to significantly increase the number of cultivatable plant seedlings and consequently the production yield of plants.

Further, a guide member 108 having a nutrient solution supply opening 108b at the lower end portion for guiding the nutrient solution 107 dropped from the nutrient solution supply means 104 to the upper end portion of the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 101 to the upper end portion of the water retention sheet 121. By including the nutrient solution 107, it is possible to reliably guide the nutrient solution 107 to the water retaining sheet 121 without leaking in the directions of the breathable materials 122 and 123. As a result, even if the lower position of the nutrient solution is slightly shifted to the left or right by using the nutrient solution supply device having a large variation in the dropping position of the nutrient solution 107, there is a risk that the nutrient solution reaching the plant will be reduced and die. It can be reduced.
The nutrient solution 107 can be collected in the water retention sheet 121 by a method of sandwiching the tip of the nutrient solution supply pipe 104a between the breathable materials 122 and 123 and the water retention sheet 121 without using the guide member 108. When the guide member 108 is used, the nutrient solution supply opening 108b of the guide member 108 can be made visible, so that it is easier to check whether the nutrient solution 107 is clogged.
As a result, the plant can be efficiently cultivated with the minimum required amount of nutrient droplets.

Further, by setting the thickness of the water retention sheet 121 to 2 mm or more, the nutrient solution 107 can be more surely dropped onto the water retention sheet 121.
As a result, it becomes possible to cultivate the plant with the minimum required amount of the nutrient solution.

Further, a nutrient solution collecting means 105 for collecting the nutrient solution 107 dropped from the lower portion of the vertical hydroponic cultivation tube 101 and collecting it in the nutrient solution storage tank 103 is provided, and the nutrient solution collecting means 105 is a vertical hydroponic cultivation tube. A drain pan 151 for collecting the nutrient solution 107 dripping from the lower part of 101 is provided, and the nutrient solution 107 collected in the drain pan 151 is configured to circulate in the nutrient solution storage tank 103, so that the nutrient solution 107 can be efficiently supplied. Can be utilized, and the cost of the nutrient solution 107 can be reduced. In addition, the disposal of the nutrient solution 107 does not cause much impact on the environment.

Next, another embodiment will be described. In the description of the other embodiments, the same components as those in the first embodiment will be omitted from the drawings, or the same reference numerals will be given and the description thereof will be omitted, and only the differences will be described.

In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to the second embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 5 to 9, the guide member 108 drops the nutrient solution from the nutrient solution supply means 104 to the upper end opening of the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 101. This is different from the first embodiment in that it is a funnel-shaped cap having a nutrient solution supply opening 108b at the lower end for guiding 107 to the upper end of the water retention sheet 121.
In the second embodiment, as described above, as the guide member 108, the nutrient solution 107 dropped from the nutrient solution supply means 104 to the upper end opening of the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 101 is guided to the upper end portion of the water retention sheet 121. By using a funnel-shaped cap having a lower end of the nutrient liquid droplet lower opening 108b at the lower end, the open portion area of the upper end opening of the vertical hydroponic cultivation tube 101 can be significantly reduced, and the vertical hydroponic cultivation tube 101 can be obtained. Dust (including mold spores) can be prevented from entering the inside.
In addition, when the cultivated plant grows higher than the upper end of the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 101, the leaves and stems enter the cultivation cylinder at the time of harvesting etc. without a cap, and the mites are left unattended. It becomes a breeding source for insects and rots. By using the above-mentioned cap, the invasion of leaves and stems can be suppressed, and the leaves and stems can be easily cleaned by removing only the cap, and the risk of pest damage can be reduced by a simple method. .
Further, since it is possible to suppress the penetration of light into the medium, it becomes possible to suppress the generation of mold and algae in the medium.
Even if the plant does not have a disease-causing property, if the cultivation is continued for a long period of time, the algae will grow on the surface of the water-retaining sheet, which will not only give a bad appearance but also the surface of the water-retaining sheet. Becomes hydrophobic and the water retention capacity decreases. As a result, part of the dropped nutrient solution is lost to the side of the breathable material, and eventually the nutrient solution supply to the plants becomes insufficient.
On the other hand, by using the funnel-shaped cap as described above, the plant can be efficiently cultivated with a minimum required amount of nutrient droplets even during long-term continuous cultivation.

In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 3, as shown in FIG. 10, the nutrient liquid droplet lower opening 104b of the nutrient solution supply unit 104 is in contact with the upper end portion of the water retention sheet 121, so that the above Example 1 is adopted. 2 is different.
In the third embodiment, as described above, the nutrient solution lower port 104b of the nutrient solution supply means 104 is brought into contact with the upper end portion of the water retention sheet 121, so that the nutrient solution 107 is directed toward the breathable materials 122 and 123. It is possible to surely drop the water retaining sheet 121 without leaking.
As a result, it becomes possible to cultivate the plant with the minimum required amount of the nutrient solution.

In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 4, as shown in FIG. 11, the upper end of the water retention sheet 121 is slightly projected from the upper surfaces of both the breathable materials 122 and 123, and a separate water retention sheet is placed on top. It is different from the above-mentioned Examples 1 to 3 in that the T-shaped water-retaining portion is formed by mounting it on the substrate.
The protruding length may be in contact with a separate sheet placed on the upper surface, and for example, about 1 mm is sufficient.
In the fourth embodiment, the nutrient solution 107 is guided to the lower part of the water retaining sheet 121 no matter where it falls on the separate water retaining sheet, that is, the upper surface portion of the T-shaped water retaining portion. , 123 can be surely dropped by the water retention sheet 121 without leaking.
As a result, it becomes possible to cultivate the plant with the minimum required amount of the nutrient solution.

In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of this Example 5, as shown in FIG. 12, the upper end portion of the water retaining sheet protruding from the upper ends of the breathable materials 122 and 123 is covered on the upper surface of at least one of the breathable materials 123. It is different from the above-described first to fourth embodiments in that it is bent and placed.
In the fifth embodiment, as described above, the upper end portion of the water retention sheet protruding from the upper ends of the breathable materials 122 and 123 is simply folded and placed on the upper surface of at least one of the breathable materials 123, so that the water retention sheet is simply placed. Compared to the case where 121 is sandwiched between the breathable materials 122 and 123, a part of the nutrient solution 107 is not lost to the breathable materials 122 and 123 side, and the nutrient solution 107 is bent and placed through the water retention sheet 121a. Since the water-retaining sheet 121 can be effectively collected by the water-retaining sheet 121, even if the lower position of the nutrient solution is slightly shifted to the left or right by using the nutrient solution supply device having a large variation in the dropping position of the nutrient solution 107, a small amount of the nutrient solution is generated. The plant can be surely cultivated even by supplying 107.

The water retaining sheet 121 does not necessarily have to be one continuous sheet. The same effect can be obtained even when two or more water-retaining sheets 121 are in contact with each other. For example, as shown in FIG. 9, by placing a water retention sheet of a size covering the upper surface of the breathable material on the water retention sheet 121a bent and placed on the upper surface of the breathable material 123 on one side, No matter where the nutrient solution 107 is dropped, the nutrient solution 107 can be guided to the water-retaining sheet 121 and thus the roots of plant seedlings without loss.

In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 6, as shown in FIG. 13, the folded water retention sheet 121a has a thicker wall toward the tip thereof, so that the upper surface of the water retention sheet 121a is centered on the water retention sheet 121. Is different from Embodiment 6 in that it is formed in an inclined shape that becomes higher as it goes outward.
In the sixth embodiment, as described above, the thickness of the folded water retention sheet 121a increases toward the tip thereof, so that the upper surface of the water retention sheet 121a becomes inclined with the water retention sheet 121 as the center. By forming the sheet-like shape, the time to stay on the upper surface of the folded water-retaining sheet 121a becomes shorter than that in the case where there is no inclination, so that the nutrient solution 107 can be efficiently utilized.

As shown in FIGS. 14 and 15, in the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of this Example 7, at least the folded water-holding sheet 121a is placed on the upper surface of the breathable material 123 on the side of the water-holding sheet 121a. This is different from the sixth and seventh embodiments in that an inclined member 121b having an inclined upper surface that rises with it is provided.
In the seventh embodiment, as described above, the inclined member 121b having the inclined upper surface at least on the upper surface of the breathable material 123 on the side of the water retaining sheet 121a, which has a height that increases as it goes outward with the water retaining sheet 121 as the center. By including the above, the upper surface of the folded water retention sheet 121a becomes an inclined surface, and the nutrient solution 107 dripped on the inclined surface is prevented from splashing to the outside, and the nutrient solution 107 dripped onto the water retention sheet 121a is prevented. The nutrient solution 107 can be used more efficiently by preventing leakage and evaporation into the breathable material 123.
Although the material of the inclined member 121b is arbitrary, it is desirable that at least the inclined upper surface is made of a material that does not have air permeability.
Further, the shape of the inclined member 121b is not limited to the substantially right triangle but its cross section is arbitrary as long as it forms the inclined upper surface. Further, the inclined upper surface of the inclined member 121b is not limited to a straight line, but may be, for example, a concave curved surface.

In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of this Example 8, as shown in FIG. 16, the slope of the upper surface of the breathable material 123 on the side of the folded water retentive sheet 121a becomes higher as going outward with the water retentive sheet 121 as the center. It is different from Embodiments 6 to 7 in that it is formed in a shape.
In this embodiment 108, as described above, the bent upper surface of the breathable material 123 on the side of the water retaining sheet 121a is formed in a slanted shape with the water retaining sheet 121 as a center and becomes higher toward the outside, so that the folded sheet is bent. The upper surface of the water-retaining sheet 121a thus formed becomes an inclined surface to prevent the nutrient solution 107 dripped on the inclined surface from splashing to the outside, and the nutrient solution 107 dripped on the water-retaining sheet 121a to the breathable material 123. It is possible to prevent leakage and evaporation and more efficiently utilize the nutrient solution 107.

In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 9, as shown in FIGS. 17 and 18, the cap shields the light from the upper end side of the medium 102 housed in the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 101. Is provided in a state of closing the slit 111 or the opening surface side of the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 101, which is different from the above Examples 2 to 8.
In the tenth embodiment, as described above, by providing the light shielding wall 109 that shields the upper end side of the medium 102 from light, adhesion of dust (including mold spores) to the surface of the water retentive sheet 121 is suppressed. It is possible to prevent the surface of the water-retaining sheet 121 from being exposed to light, thereby suppressing the generation of mold and algae on the medium 102.

Next, cultivation comparison experimental examples of Examples 1 to 6 will be described.
1. Experimental Example 1 (Reference Example): Breathable materials 122 and 123 (material: polyethylene) having a thickness of 4.8 cm, a width of 10 cm and a length of 150 cm are folded in half with a length of 2 and a thickness of 2 mm is provided between them. Width 9 cm, length 70 cm polyester felt (water retaining sheet 21) manufactured by Taiso Sangyo Co., Ltd. so that the height of the upper surface is the same as that of the breathable materials 122 and 123 (the upper end of the felt does not project upward). It was inserted into a vertical hydroponic cultivation tube 101 (made of polyvinyl chloride) having a square cross section with a side of 10 cm and a slit 111 having a width of 2 cm at the center of the side.
Another felt (75 cm long) in which the same felt as described above was sandwiched between breathable materials was prepared, and a total of two felts were filled in the cultivation cylinder.
Six vertical type hydroponic cultivation cylinders 101 were prepared.
Basil seedlings were planted in these vertical hydroponic cylinders.
The seedlings are planted in a 9 cm pot and have a plant height of 7 to 10 cm. After the soil is washed off with tap water, the polyethylene and felt are separated by 20 cm each with 6 cm (upper and lower air permeability). The basil seedlings (three for each material) were inserted into the vertical hydroponic cultivation tube 101 by inserting the underground part of the basil seedling.
The vertical hydroponic tube 101 is suspended from the ceiling, and as shown in FIG. 20, the vertical hydroponic tube 101 passes through the central portion of the slit 111, and the cross section of the vertical hydroponic tube 101 has the same area. The vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 101 and the nutrient solution supply pipe 104a were arranged so that the nutrient solution supply pipe 104a was located on the line dividing into two rectangles.
A drip tube 104d was connected to each nutrient solution supply pipe 104a through a cock 104c for opening and closing and controlling the amount of the nutrient solution so that the nutrient solution 107 could be dripped from the drip tube 104d.
Six vertical type hydroponic cultivation cylinders 101 were prepared. (The dripping position is theoretically a position where the thickness of the water retaining sheet 121 is accurately divided into two, but as shown in FIG. 6, the accuracy of the thickness of the breathable materials 122 and 123, the dripping tube connected under the cock 104c. There was some blurring in the left-right direction due to the warp of 104d.)
2. Experimental Example 2 (Comparative Example): In the same manner as in Experimental Example 1, except that the medium 102 is sandwiched only in a polyethylene containing no felt, a vertical hydroponic cultivation tube 101 equipped with basil seedlings is prepared.
The basil seedling basement was sandwiched between both polyethylenes.
Two vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinders 101 were prepared.
3. Experimental Example 3: The positional relationship between the breathable materials 122 and 123 and the water retention sheet 121 is shown in FIG.
A hydroponic cultivation cylinder 101 without the guide member 8 was prepared.
4. Experimental Example 4: A type hydroponic cultivation cylinder 101 equipped with the same basil seedling as in Experimental Example 3 was prepared.
After suspending the above-mentioned hydroponic culture tube 101 from the ceiling, a funnel-shaped cap as shown in FIG.
The positional relationship between the breathable materials 122 and 123 and the water retention sheet 121 is as shown in FIG.
The difference is that the experimental example 3 does not have the guide member 108, and the experimental example 3 has the guide member 108 shown in FIGS.
5. Experimental Example 5: In FIGS. 17 and 18 (mode of Example 9), the positional relationship between the breathable materials 122 and 123 and the water retention sheet 121 was as shown in FIG.
6. The fertilizer nutrient solution (an aqueous solution in which OAT House No. 1 was dissolved to a concentration of 0.8 g/L) was dropped into the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinders 101 of Experimental Examples 1 to 4 at a rate of 20 g/min for 3 days while the sun was applied. It was cultivated under the light.
The growth state of each cultivation cylinder was confirmed.
Regarding the test plots in which all the basil seedlings grew (Experimental Examples 3, 4 and 5),
After 3 days, 7 days, and 42 days, changes in the upper surface portion (initially white) of the water retention sheet 121a were observed.
7. Comparative experiment result 1
Experimental Example 1 (Reference Example): Out of 36 seedlings in total of 6 points in the vertical hydroponics cylinder 101, 21 seedlings grew smoothly.
In the vertical hydroponics cylinder 101 that grew most smoothly, all 6 seedlings out of 6 seedlings grew smoothly.
In the vertical hydroponics cylinder 101, which was the worst, 5 out of 6 seedlings died.
Experimental Example 2 (Comparative Example): Of the 12 seedlings in total in the vertical hydroponic cultivation tube 101, 1 seedling grew smoothly.
In the first vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 101, 1 of 6 seedlings continued to grow, but 5 seedlings died.
In the second vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 101, 6 out of 6 seedlings died.
Experimental Examples 3 to 5: In all, all 6 seedlings out of 6 seedlings grew smoothly.
8. Comparative experiment result 2
3 days later:
Experimental Example 3: The sheet was colored brownish.
Experimental Example 4: Although not so clear as Experimental Example 3, it became slightly brown.
Experimental Example 5: No coloring was confirmed.
7 days later:
Experimental Example 3: Coloring is darker than after 3 days. The surface of the sheet is becoming water repellent.
Experimental Example 4: Thinner than in Experimental Example 3 The water retention performance of the surface is about the same as at the start (visual confirmation).
Experimental Example 5: It was slightly colored. The water retention performance of the surface is about the same as at the start (visual confirmation).
42 days later:
Experimental Example 3: Algae propagate on the entire upper surface.
The surface is hydrophobic, rather than immersing in a water retaining cloth, rather than flowing into the middle of the breathable material and the water retaining sheet in the center.
Experimental Example 4: The entire surface of the water retention sheet bent to the upper surface is colored brown.
The surface is hydrophilic and retains water.
Experimental Example 5: Only the area around which the nutrient solution is dripped is thin and partially colored.
The surface is hydrophilic and retains water.

As shown in FIG. 19, the vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to the tenth embodiment has the cap 110 that can open and close the upper opening 108a of the cap at the upper opening edge of the cap. This is different from Examples 2 to 9.
In the tenth embodiment, as described above, the upper end opening edge portion 108a of the cap is provided with the lid 110 capable of opening and closing the upper end opening portion 108a of the cap, so that the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 101 is not used. By completely closing the mouth of the guide member 108, it becomes possible to prevent dust (including mold spores) from entering the cap.

Although a plurality of embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and even if there are design changes and the like within the scope not departing from the gist of the present invention, they are included in the present invention. Be done.

For example, in the embodiment, the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 101 is provided in a state of being suspended from the ceiling of the house, but it may be provided in a state of standing on the floor.

Further, in the embodiment, the vertical slit 111 for planting the plant seedlings or seeds 106 is provided on one side surface of the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 101, but a plurality of slits or openings may be provided in the vertical direction. May be.

In addition to sunlight, artificial light such as LEDs can be used as the light source of the vertical hydroponic cultivation system or method. When using artificial light, for example, an artificial light device such as an LED is provided on the side surface of the slit 111 of the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 101.

In addition, although an example of planting seedlings or seeds has been shown in the examples, plant seedlings with a medium when separately cultivated in a seeding facility may be planted. When this method is used, for example, seeding is carried out in a urethane medium and sandwiched while leaving the medium around each seedling, so that the labor of root washing can be omitted. Further, it becomes possible to cultivate a plant species which has a thin root and is damaged by washing the root, and the subsequent growth thereof is deteriorated without fail.
Further, since it is possible to reliably supply water and oxygen to the plant with a small amount of nutrient solution, the planting may be carried out in the state of cuttings in which roots have not yet emerged. By using this method, seedlings can be grown in a short period of time even for plant species that grow slowly after sowing.

Embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the drawings.

First, the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of this Example 11 is demonstrated based on drawing.
As shown in FIGS. 21 to 25, the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 11 has a vertically long medium 1 composed of a water retention sheet 11 and breathable materials 12 and 13 sandwiching at least both sides thereof, In the vicinity of both side edges of the water-retaining sheet 11, leaving gaps W, W which are long and continuous in the longitudinal direction for planting plant seedlings or seeds 8 between the water-retaining sheet 11 and the breathable materials 12, 13, respectively. A pair of split-type outer frames 2 and 2 having a substantially U-shaped cross section surrounding the outer circumference of each breathable material, a connecting means 3 for detachably connecting the outer frames 2 and 2, and a solution storage tank 4. And a solution recovery means 5 for supplying the nutrient solution 6 from the solution storage tank 4 to the medium 1 and a solution recovery means 7 as main components, and the nutrient solution 6 is supplied from the nutrient solution supply means 5 to the water retentive sheet 11. Is configured to be dropped.

More specifically, as the connecting member 3 that detachably connects the outer frames 2 and 2, in the eleventh embodiment, a plurality of binding bands 31 that are wound around the outer frames 2 and 2 and tightened. It is used.
The outer frames 2 and 2 are provided in a suspended state via a suspending member (wire or string) 9b on a suspending pipe 9a provided along the ceiling of a house or the like.
The suspending member 9b is preferably a flexible material that can be twisted or has a structure including a rotatable shaft portion. This makes it possible to harvest the two sides from the same place, improving work efficiency.

The nutrient solution supply unit 5 includes a nutrient solution supply pump 51, and drops the nutrient solution 6 from the nutrient solution storage tank 4 to the upper end portion of the water retention sheet 11 via the nutrient solution supply pipe 5a.
The dropping rate of the nutrient solution 6 is preferably 0.05 g/sec to 100 g/sec. Particularly preferred is 0.1 g/sec to 50 g/sec.
If it is less than 0.05 g/sec, even if the nutrient solution 6 is dropped onto the water retaining sheet 11, the water retaining sheet 11 is dried by evaporation and a sufficient amount of the nutrient solution 6 cannot be supplied to the roots of the plant.
On the other hand, if the value is larger than 100 g/sec, the nutrient solution 6 that cannot be retained in the water-retaining sheet 11 will flow out to the surface of the plant and wet the floor. Furthermore, when the outflow of the liquid through the plants continues for a long time, the whole amount of the circulating nutrient solution is consumed, and the nutrient solution 6 to be supplied is exhausted and the plants die.
Further, when the nutrient solution 6 drawn up by one pump is circulated and used in the vertical hydroponics facility, the larger the number of the outer frames 2 and 2, the more the outer frames 2 and 2 can be distributed per one. The drip rate must be reduced.
Therefore, if the drip rate is set to be small, it becomes possible to cultivate plants with a large number of cultivation cylinders without using a high output and expensive pump.

The nutrient solution recovery means 7 includes a drain pan 71 for receiving the nutrient solution 6 dropped from the lower end of the water retention sheet 11 and a nutrient solution recovery circulation pump 72, and the nutrient solution 6 collected in the drain pan 71 is recovered and recycled. The pump 72 collects and circulates the nutrient solution in the tank 4.

The thickness of the water retaining sheet 11 is preferably 2 mm or more.
That is, the thicker the thickness, the more reliably the dripping nutrient solution 6 can be dripped onto the water retaining sheet 11.
The water retention sheet 11 does not necessarily have to be a single sheet, and a plurality of sheets may be stacked and used.
For example, two or more sheets having a thickness of 1 mm may be stacked and used by being sandwiched between the breathable materials 12 and 13.
The upper limit of the thickness is preferably 80%, more preferably 70% of the thickness of the vertical hydroponic tube 1. If the thickness is thicker than that, the amount of the nutrient solution 6 contained is too large and the weight becomes heavy, resulting in poor workability.

Next, the operation and effect of the eleventh embodiment will be described.
In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 11, since it is configured as described above, as shown in FIGS. With the seedlings or seeds 8 of the plant being planted between the water-retaining sheet 1 and the air-permeable materials 12, 33 through the formed gaps W, W, the nutrient solution 6 is supplied to the water-retaining sheet 211 by the nutrient solution supply pump 51. When dropped onto the upper end, the seedlings or seeds 8 absorb the nutrient solution 6 from the water retention sheet 11 and grow.
In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 11, as described above, the medium 1 is composed of the water-retaining sheet 11 into which plant seedlings or seeds 8 are planted, and the breathable materials 12 and 13 sandwiching both sides thereof. Then, by dropping the nutrient solution 6 on the upper end of the water retention sheet 11, water and oxygen are surely supplied to the roots of the plant seedlings or seeds 8 sandwiched between the water retention sheet 11 and the breathable materials 12 and 13. Since it is supplied, it is possible to prevent the cultivated plants from withering and root rot.

Further, in the vicinity of both side edges of the water retention sheet 11, longitudinally elongated gaps W, W for planting plant seedlings or seeds 8 between the water retention sheet 11 and the breathable materials 12, 33 are opened. By providing a pair of outer frames 2 and 2 having a substantially U-shaped cross section for sandwiching the culture medium 1 from both sides of the air-permeable material 12, 12 side, it is possible to cultivate plant seedlings as compared with the conventional case of planting only on one side surface. The number of plants can be doubled at maximum, and the production yield of plants can be greatly increased.
In addition, 8 seedlings of basil, 16 seedlings in total, were planted on one side in the cultivation system of Example 11 and cultivated for 42 days in the sunlight.
In addition, under the same conditions, 8 basil seedlings were cultivated using the same size cultivation cylinder having a slit on one side disclosed in JP-A-2018-113927 described in Patent Document 3, and per one tower The yields were compared.
After planting, a total of three harvests were carried out every two weeks, and the total yield was compared. As a result, the yield of Example 11 was 1.7 times that of the conventional tower having only one side slit. ..

In addition, the water-retaining sheet 21 and the breathable materials 12 and 13 are used as the culture medium 1 in two parts, and by sharing the roles, the water-retaining property is low but the breathability is excellent and the cost is low, and the supply is easy. It can be widely used as long as it is low but excellent in water retention and inexpensive or easily supplied, and the range of selection of materials can be broadened.
Further, by selecting a material that is light in weight and is not easily broken, it is possible to improve performance such as ease of use.

In addition, since the connecting member 3 that connects the outer frames 2 and 2 to each other is configured to detachably connect the outer frames 2 and 2 by the binding band, the water retention sheet 11 and the breathability which are two-part configuration It becomes possible to efficiently perform the work of assembling the materials 12 and 13 and the parts replacement work.

In addition, by making the outer frames 2 and 2 separate, it is possible to reduce the volume to about half that of a conventional cultivation cylinder during transportation, and it also has the advantage that it requires less space when stored as inventory. There is.

Further, by setting the thickness of the water retention sheet 11 to 2 mm or more, the nutrient solution 6 can be more surely dropped onto the water retention sheet 11.
This makes it possible to grow plants with the minimum amount of nutrient droplets required.

Further, a nutrient solution recovery means 7 for collecting the nutrient solution 6 dropped from the lower part of the water retention sheet 11 and collecting it in the nutrient solution storage tank 4 is provided, and the nutrient solution recovery means 7 drops from the lower part of the water retention sheet 11. By providing the drain pan 71 for collecting the nutrient solution 6 and circulating the nutrient solution 6 collected in the drain pan 71 to the nutrient solution storage tank 4, the nutrient solution 6 can be efficiently utilized. The cost of the nutrient solution 6 can be reduced. In addition, the disposal of the nutrient solution 6 does not cause much impact on the environment.

Next, another embodiment will be described. In the description of the other embodiments, the same components as those of the eleventh embodiment are omitted from the drawings, or the same reference numerals are given and the description thereof is omitted, and only different points will be described.

In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 12, as shown in FIG. 26, the lower end of the nutrient liquid droplet lower opening 5b connected to the nutrient solution supply pipe 5a in the nutrient solution supply means 5 is the true water retaining sheet 11. This embodiment differs from the eleventh embodiment in that a fixing means 10 for fixing so as to be positioned above is provided.
In the twelfth embodiment, the fixing means 10 has a structure for fixing the solution supply pipe 5a to the suspension member (wire or string) 9b. The structure of the fixing means 10 is arbitrary, for example, the dropping tube 5d is directly fixed to the medium 1 or the outer frames 2 and 2.
According to the twelfth embodiment, by providing the fixing means 10 for fixing the nutrient solution lowering port 5b at the lower end of the nutrient solution supply pipe 5a in the nutrient solution supplying means 5 so as to be located right above the water retention sheet 11, The nutrient solution 6 can be reliably collected effectively without being lost in the water retaining sheet 11.
Therefore, it is possible to use a pump having a small capacity as a pump used for supplying or circulating the nutrient solution 6, and thus it is possible to reduce equipment cost and running cost.

In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 13, as shown in FIG. 27, the nutrient liquid droplet lower opening 5b of the nutrient solution supply means 5 is in contact with the upper end portion of the water retention sheet 11, and the above Example 11 is employed. , 12 are different.
In this Example 13, as described above, the nutrient solution lower port 5b of the nutrient solution supply means 5 is brought into contact with the upper end of the water-retaining sheet 11, so that the nutrient solution 6 moves toward the breathable materials 12 and 13. It is possible to surely drop the water retaining sheet 11 without leaking.
As a result, it becomes possible to cultivate the plant with the minimum required amount of the nutrient solution.

In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 14, as shown in FIG. 28, the nutrient solution lower opening 5b of the nutrient solution supply means 5 is sandwiched between the water retaining sheet 11 and the upper end portions of the one breathable material 12. This is different from Examples 11 to 13 described above.
In the fourteenth embodiment, as described above, the nutrient solution lower port 5b of the nutrient solution supply means 5 is sandwiched between the water retaining sheet 11 and the breathable material 12, so that the nutrient solution can be reliably stored in the water retaining sheet 11. Can be supplied to.
As a result, it becomes possible to cultivate the plant with the minimum required amount of the nutrient solution.

As shown in FIG. 29, the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 15 is different from Examples 11 to 14 in that the upper end of the water-retaining sheet 11 protrudes from the upper surfaces of the breathable materials 12 and 13. Is different.
In the fifteenth embodiment, as described above, the nutrient solution lower port 5b of the nutrient solution supply means 5 is brought into contact with the upper end portion of the water retention sheet 11 so that the nutrient solution 6 is directed toward the breathable materials 12 and 13. It is possible to surely drop the water retaining sheet 11 without leaking.
As a result, it becomes possible to cultivate the plant with the minimum required amount of the nutrient solution.

In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of this Example 16, as shown in FIG. 30, the upper end of the water-retaining sheet protruding from the upper ends of the breathable materials 12 and 13 is covered on the upper surface of at least one breathable material 13. It is different from the above Examples 11 to 15 in that it is bent and placed.
In the sixteenth embodiment, as described above, the upper end portion of the water retaining sheet protruding from the upper ends of the breathable materials 12 and 13 is simply folded and placed on the upper surface of at least one of the breathable materials 13 to simply hold the water retaining sheet. Compared to the case where 11 is sandwiched between the breathable materials 12 and 13, a part of the nutrient solution 6 is not lost to the breathable materials 12 and 13 side, and the nutrient solution 6 is bent and placed through the water retention sheet 11a. Since the water can be effectively collected in the water-retaining sheet 11, even if the lower position of the nutrient solution is slightly shifted to the left or right by using the nutrient solution supply device having a large variation in the dropping position of the nutrient solution 6, a small amount of the nutrient solution is used. Even with the supply of 6, the plant can be cultivated without fail.

The water retaining sheet 11 does not necessarily have to be one continuous sheet. The same effect can be obtained even when two or more water-retaining sheets 11 are brought into contact with each other. For example, as shown in FIG. 30, by placing a water retaining sheet having a size that covers the upper surface of the breathable material on the water retaining sheet 11a that is folded and placed on the upper surface of the breathable material 13 on one side, No matter where the nutrient solution 6 is dropped, the nutrient solution 6 can be guided to the water-retaining sheet 11 and thus the roots of plant seedlings without loss.

The eleventh embodiment can exemplify a configuration as shown in FIG. When all the materials used are manufactured with high precision, the nutrient solution is dripped onto the water-retaining sheet even with this configuration.
However, when the commercially available polyethylene was used as the breathable materials 12 and 13, the result was verified, and there was a thickness deviation.
In addition, the warp of the drip tube 5d was also blurred.
If the position of the tube where the liquid is dropped is set to a position where the distance from the left end of 12(1) in FIG. 22 to the right end of 13(1) is exactly divided into two, the same as 12(1) and 13(1). When using a material, it should be possible to drop the liquid on the water retaining sheet that is placed exactly in the center because it is theoretically the same thickness, but in reality, randomly taking the breathable material and the drip tube above, A vertical system used with a water-retaining sheet with a thickness of 1 mm. Cultivation verification with basil seedlings under sunlight for 3 days showed that the solution dropped onto the water-retaining sheet in the center and the nutrient solution was partially grown. Both cases were confirmed in which wilting seedlings emerged regardless of the water retention sheet.
In Examples 12 to 16, the nutrient solution can be more reliably concentrated on the water retaining sheet as compared with Example 11.
In any of the methods of Examples 12 to 16, the seedlings did not wilt in the same three-day cultivation verification as above.

In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of this Example 17, as shown in FIG. 31, the folded water retention sheet 11a has a thicker wall toward the tip thereof, so that the upper surface of the water retention sheet 11a is centered on the water retention sheet 11. The embodiment is different from the sixteenth embodiment in that it is formed in an inclined shape that becomes higher as it goes outward.
In the seventeenth embodiment, as described above, the thickness of the folded water retaining sheet 11a becomes thicker toward the tip thereof, so that the upper surface of the folded water retaining sheet 11a is inclined with the water retaining sheet 11 as the center toward the outside. By forming the sheet-like shape, the time for staying on the upper surface of the folded water-retaining sheet 11a becomes shorter than that when there is no inclination, so that the nutrient solution 6 can be efficiently utilized.

As shown in FIGS. 32 and 33, the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 18 is configured such that at least the folded water-retaining sheet 11a is placed on the upper surface of the breathable material 13 on the side of the water-retaining sheet 11 as the center. This embodiment differs from the above-described Embodiments 16 and 17 in that an inclined member 11b having an inclined upper surface that rises with the inclination is provided.
In the eighteenth embodiment, as described above, the inclined member 11a having the inclined upper surface at least on the upper surface of the breathable material 13 on the side of the water retaining sheet 11a, which has a height increasing toward the outside with the water retaining sheet 11 as the center. By including the bent water retaining sheet 11a, the upper surface of the water retaining sheet 11a becomes an inclined surface, and the nutrient solution 6 dropped on the inclined surface is prevented from splashing to the outside, and the nutrient solution 6 dropped on the water retaining sheet 11a is prevented. It is possible to prevent leakage and evaporation to the breathable material 13 and use the nutrient solution 6 more efficiently.
Although the material of the inclined member 11b is arbitrary, it is desirable that at least the inclined upper surface is made of a material having no air permeability.
Further, the shape of the inclined member 11b is not limited to a substantially right triangle but its cross section is arbitrary as long as it forms an inclined upper surface. Moreover, the inclined upper surface of the inclined member 11b is not limited to a straight line, but may be, for example, a concave curved surface.

In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of this Example 19, as shown in FIG. 34, the upper surface of the breathable material 13 on the side of the folded water retaining sheet 11a is inclined with the water retaining sheet 11 as the center toward the outside. It is different from Embodiments 16 to 18 in that it is formed into a shape.
In Example 19, as described above, the upper surface of the breathable material 13 on the side of the folded water retaining sheet 11a is formed in a slanted shape with the water retaining sheet 11 as the center and becomes higher toward the outside, and thus the folded sheet is bent. The upper surface of the water-retaining sheet 11a thus formed serves as an inclined surface to prevent the nutrient solution 6 dripped on the inclined surface from splashing to the outside, and the nutrient solution 6 dripped on the water-retaining sheet 11a to the breathable material 13 is prevented. It is possible to prevent leakage and evaporation and more efficiently utilize the nutrient solution 6.

In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 20, as shown in FIG. 35, the nutrient solution supplying means 5 is provided with a flow rate adjusting means 52 for adjusting the supply rate of the nutrient solution to the water retaining sheet 11, and the flow rate adjusting is performed. It is configured so that the nutrient solution 6 is dropped from the means 52 to the water retention sheet 11, and the water content sensor 14 is provided at the lower end portion of the water retention sheet 11, and the flow rate adjusting means 52 includes the electric valve 52a and the water content sensor. The above-mentioned Embodiments 11 to 19 are configured by the nutrient solution supply amount control means 52b that controls the water retention amount of the lower end portion of the water retention sheet 11 by automatically controlling the electric valve 52a with a signal from 14. It is different.
The water content sensor 14 measures the water content at the lower end of the water retention sheet 11, and is provided at the lower end of the water retention sheet 11. The water content measured by the water content sensor 14 is displayed on the water content meter 14a.
The flow rate adjusting means 52 adjusts the amount of the nutrient solution 6 dropped onto the water retaining sheet 11. In this embodiment 20, the electric valve 52a and the electric valve 52a are automatically controlled by a signal from the water content sensor 14. By so doing, the nutrient solution supply amount control means 52b for controlling the water retention amount at the lower end of the water retention sheet 11 to be saturated is provided.
In addition, by providing the drain pan 14b for receiving the nutrient solution 6 dropped from the water retention sheet 11 at the lower part of the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder 1, the water content at the lower end of the water retention sheet 11 exceeds the saturated state. The liquid 6 can be contained. In addition, the water retention material 14c is accommodated in the drain pan 14b to suppress the evaporation of the nutrient solution 6.

In this Example 20, as described above, the nutrient solution supplying means 5 is provided with the flow rate adjusting means 52 for adjusting the amount of the nutrient solution supplied to the water retaining sheet 11, and the nutrient solution 6 is retained by the flow rate adjusting means 52. The water retention sheet 11 is configured to be dropped, and a water content sensor 14 is provided at the lower end portion of the water retention sheet 11 so that the water content at the lower end portion of the water retention sheet 11 is adjusted so as not to exceed the saturation amount. It is also possible to install no liquid recovery and circulation device or install a simple device such as a saucer. Alternatively, it is possible to use a system in which a very small amount of the nutrient solution 6 that exceeds the saturation amount by a small amount is circulated.

Further, in the twentieth embodiment, the electric valve 52a and the nutrient solution supply amount control means 52b are provided as the flow rate adjusting means 52, whereby the electric valve 52a can be automatically controlled and the nutrient solution amount can be automatically adjusted to an appropriate amount. it can.
As a result, the amount of the nutrient solution can be automatically adjusted without delay even when the weather or the temperature fluctuates suddenly, including the case of the remote control from the outside of the cultivation house.

As shown in FIG. 36, the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of the twenty-first embodiment differs from that of the twentieth embodiment in that a manual valve 52c is used as the flow rate adjusting means 52.
In the twenty-first embodiment, as described above, by using the manual valve 52c as the flow rate adjusting means 52, it is possible to manually adjust the amount of the nutrient solution to an appropriate amount without particularly incurring the equipment cost.

As shown in FIG. 37, the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of this Example 22 is different from the above Examples 11 to 21 in that it is provided with the warm heater 10 in a state of being in contact with the water retention sheet 21. ..
In this Example 22, as described above, the temperature heater 15 is provided in a state of being in contact with the water retention sheet 11, so that the temperature around the fine roots of the plant in contact with the water retention sheet 11 is maintained at an appropriate temperature even in winter. As a result, the effect of promoting the development of fine roots and significantly improving the nutrient solution absorption rate and leading to the improvement of the yield can be obtained.

As shown in FIG. 38, the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 23 is different from Examples 11 to 22 in that a top plate portion 21 that covers the upper end surfaces of the outer frames 2 and 2 is provided. It was done.
Therefore, in Example 23, it is possible to prevent dust from entering the both outer frames 2 and 2 and to block the sunlight, thereby suppressing the generation of algae and mold in the medium 1. ..

In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 24, as shown in FIG. 39, the top plate portion 21 is formed on a slope inclined downward toward the facing sides of the outer frames 2 and 2. , Which is different from the above Examples 11 to 23.
Therefore, in this twenty-fourth embodiment, if the water retaining sheet is placed at a position where it comes into contact with either of the inclined surfaces, no matter which portion of the inclined surface the nutrient solution 6 drips onto, the nutrient solution 6 can be reliably placed on the water retaining cloth. Will be able to supply intensively.

In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 25, as shown in FIG. 40, the outer frames 2 and 2 have a substantially semicircular cross section, and the outer frames 2 and 2 have upper and lower ends. The difference from the above-mentioned Examples 11 to 24 is that some of them are in contact with each other.

In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 26, as shown in FIG. 41, since the seedlings or seeds 8 of the plant between the outer frames 2 and 2 are planted, the gaps W, W are below a certain vertical interval. The difference from the above-mentioned Examples 11 to 25 is that a plurality of them are formed.

In the system of the twenty-fifth embodiment, it is possible to bind with a binding band, and it is also possible to bring them into an engaged state as shown in FIG. In addition, since it is possible to obtain the same finish regardless of the strength of the binding regardless of who carries out the binding, there are few failures even if the operator is not skilled.
In the system of Example 26, even a non-skilled person can easily know the distance between planting seedlings, and the planting work can be efficiently performed without mistakes.
On the other hand, in a system using an outer frame as shown in Examples 11 to 24, for example, by adjusting the strength of the binding, the length of the binding band, etc., the size of the scissors plant can be adjusted. It is possible to flexibly adjust the tightening according to the situation.
In addition, a system having a continuous vertical slit as shown in Examples 11 to 25 or a vertically elongated opening portion in which two or more seedlings are inserted is provided in advance in each of the systems of Example 26 and Patent Document 2. Compared to the holes provided at the positions for planting plant seedlings, it is superior in that it is possible to freely select the place that gives the optimum plant spacing. In other words, when planting large seedlings, it is possible to make the distance between the plants larger, while it is also possible to reduce the distance between the plants and plant a larger number of seedlings.
Among them, the continuous vertical slit is particularly excellent in that it can flexibly accommodate the number of seedlings and the number of plants.

As shown in FIG. 42, the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of this Embodiment 27 is different from the above Embodiments 11 to 26 in that the connecting means 3 has a structure in which the outer frames 2 and 2 are detachably engaged with each other. Is different.
That is, in the twenty-seventh embodiment, engaging claws 32 and 33 that mesh with each other are provided at both ends of both outer frames 2 and 2 so that the engaging state of both engaging claws 32 and 33 is maintained. .
The location and the number of the engaging claws 32 and 33 are arbitrary, but it is desirable to provide the engaging claws 32 and 33 at least near the upper and lower end portions of the outer frames 2 and 2.
Therefore, in the connecting means 3 of the twenty-seventh embodiment, the attachment/detachment operation between the outer frames 2 and 2 can be easily performed.

In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 28, as shown in FIG. 43, the gap W between the split outer frames 2 and 2 is formed only near one side edge of the water retention sheet 11. However, it is different from the above Examples 11 to 27.
Therefore, in Example 28, the same effects as in Examples 11 to 27 were obtained except that the amount of plant cultivation was small.

Comparative experiments were carried out between the cultivation system corresponding to Example 28 and the cultivation system corresponding to JP-A-2018-113927.
(The cultivation system corresponding to Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2018-113927 differs from Example 28 in that the finished shape is the same as that in FIG. 43, but it is an integral type cylinder with a slit that cannot be divided into two pieces.)
Specifically, Sample A was prepared as a cultivation system corresponding to JP-A-2018-113927 and Sample B was prepared as a cultivation system corresponding to Example 28 of the present application by the following methods.
Using them, the two points of “ease of taking out the seedling and the medium inside thereof” and “ease of washing the cultivation tube after taking out the medium” were compared and evaluated at the time of separating seedlings after 3 months of cultivation. How to prepare the sample:
(1) Prepare a split-type vertical hydroponic cultivation tube (made of polyvinyl chloride) having a cross section with a side of 10 cm and a slit (gap) with a width of 1 cm on one side and a length of 150 cm. did.
A breathable material (polyethylene) with a thickness of 4.8 cm, a width of 10 cm and a length of 150 cm is folded into two pieces with a half length, and in the meantime, a polyester felt (water-holding sheet) with a thickness of 1 mm, a width of 9 cm and a length of 70 cm. ) Was placed in between, and 3 basil seedlings were sandwiched between the air-permeable material and the water-retaining material by opening the basil seedlings at intervals of 20 cm.
Two sets of the above were prepared.
A square having a side of 10 cm, a slit (gap) having a width of 1 cm on one side, and a split type vertical hydroponic tube having a length of 150 cm is filled with two vertically stacked, Sample A was used.
(2) A vertical hydroponic cultivation tube (made of polyvinyl chloride) having a length of 150 cm and a slit (gap) having a width of 1 cm is formed in a slit (gap). ) Was cut with an electric saw so as to divide the surface opposite to the side surface having) into two vertically long pieces, and two substantially U-shaped outer frames were prepared.
Two sheets of breathable material (polyethylene) having a thickness of 4.8 cm, a width of 10 cm and a length of 150 cm were prepared, and one of them was placed in a direction that fits inside one substantially U-shaped outer frame. A 1 mm thick, 9 cm wide, 150 cm long polyester felt (water retaining sheet) is placed on the polyethylene sheet so that the above-ground part of the basil faces in the direction corresponding to the slit (gap), and in the vertical direction. The basil seedlings 6 were arranged on the water retaining sheet so that the intervals were the same as in Sample A, and another polyethylene sheet was placed from the top.
From there, cover the other U-shaped outer frame so that the slits are aligned, and adjust the position of the nails at the top, center, and bottom to adjust the crimping condition. Sample B was obtained by wrapping with a different type of binding band.
Comparative Experiment 1: Samples A and B were respectively cultivated in the apparatus shown in FIGS. 21 and 28 under sunlight for 3 months, and then Sample A used a hook to draw out the medium. For sample B, the binding band was loosened and removed, the outer frame was opened, and the medium was taken out.
The sample A was able to be taken out by pulling the hook with both hands while holding the cultivation tube with the feet.
In sample B, the medium could be taken out only with the hands because the binding band was simply loosened.
Further, in the sample A, the breathable material after being taken out was deformed by stretching the part to which the hook was applied.
It was also confirmed using another sample carried out under the same conditions that when the same 3-month cultivation was repeated 3 times, a medium in which the edge portion was torn off also appeared.
Sample B was used for the same number-of-times cultivation test, but no noticeable deterioration of the breathable material was observed. Therefore, it was confirmed that the present invention is superior in operability and durability during seedling replacement. It was
Comparative Experiment 2: Each of Samples A and B was rubbed with a sponge containing a highter solution to remove algae attached to the inside and washed with water.
The time required to wash one set of cultivation cylinders was 5 minutes for sample A and 2 minutes for sample B. Further, since the sample A is out of reach, it was necessary to rub the sponge with a thin stick.
As described above, it was confirmed that the operability of the present invention was overwhelmingly superior in terms of ease of washing.

In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 29, as shown in FIGS. 44 and 45, the nutrient solution 6 to be dripped from the nutrient solution supply means 5 is added to the upper end openings of both the connected outer frames 2 and 2. The difference from the above-mentioned Examples 11 to 28 is that a guide member 16 having a nutrient solution supply opening 16b at the lower end portion for guiding to the upper end portion of the water retention sheet 11 is provided.
The guide member 16 serves to properly guide the nutrient solution 6 dropped from the nutrient solution supply means 5 to the upper end openings of both outer cylinders 2 and 2 to the upper end portion of the water retention sheet 11.
As shown in detail in FIG. 45, the guide member 16 is provided in a state of being hooked on the front and rear edge portions of the upper opening edge portions of both outer cylinders 2 and 2, and the nutrient solution from the nutrient solution supply means 5 is provided. A nutrient solution supply opening 16b is provided at the bottom of the wide upper end opening 16a for receiving 6 through an inclined surface inclined toward the center. In the twenty-ninth embodiment, the nutrient solution supply opening 16b is formed in a long slit shape along the longitudinal direction of the water retention sheet 11.

Therefore, in this Example 29, the nutrient solution supply opening 16b for guiding the nutrient solution 7 dropped from the nutrient solution supply means 4 to the upper end portion of the vertical hydroponic cultivation tube 1 to the upper end portion of the water retaining sheet 21 is provided at the lower end. By providing the guide member 16 included in the portion, the nutrient solution 6 can be reliably guided to the water retention sheet 11 without leaking in the directions of the breathable materials 12 and 13. As a result, even if the lower position of the nutrient solution is slightly shifted to the left or right by using the nutrient solution supply device having a large variation in the dropping position of the nutrient solution 6, there is a risk that the nutrient solution reaching the plant will decrease and die. It can be reduced.
The nutrient solution 6 can be collected in the water retaining sheet 11 by sandwiching the tip of the nutrient solution supply pipe 5a between the breathable materials 12 and 13 and the water retaining sheet 11 without using the guide member 16 described above. When the guide member 16 is used, the nutrient solution supply opening 16b of the guide portion 19 can be made visible, so that it is easier to check whether the nutrient solution 6 is clogged.
As a result, the plant can be efficiently cultivated with the minimum required amount of nutrient droplets.

In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 30, as shown in FIGS. 46 to 50, the guide member 16 drops the nutrient solution 6 dropped from the nutrient solution supply means 5 into the upper end openings of both outer frames 2 and 2. This is different from Example 29 in that it is a funnel type cap having a nutrient solution supply opening 16b at the lower end for guiding the above to the upper end of the water retentive sheet 11.
In Embodiment 30, as described above, the guide member 16 guides the nutrient solution 6 dropped from the nutrient solution supply means 5 to the upper end openings of the outer frames 2 and 2 to the upper end portion of the water retention sheet 11. By using a funnel-shaped cap having the nutrient solution supply opening 16b at the lower end portion, the open area of the upper end opening portions of both outer frames 2 and 2 can be significantly reduced. It can prevent the invasion of dust (including mold spores) into the body.
Also, if the cultivated plant grows higher than the upper ends of both outer frames 2 and 2, the leaves and stems will enter the inside of the cultivating cylinder at the time of harvesting etc. if they are not capped, and they will be left unattended. It becomes a breeding source of insects and rots. By using the above-mentioned cap, the invasion of leaves and stems can be suppressed, and the leaves and stems can be easily cleaned by removing only the cap, and the risk of pest damage can be reduced by a simple method. .
Further, since it is possible to suppress the penetration of light into the medium, it becomes possible to suppress the generation of mold and algae in the medium.
Even if the plant does not have a disease-causing property, if the cultivation is continued for a long period of time, the algae will grow on the surface of the water-retaining sheet, which will not only give a bad appearance but also the surface of the water-retaining sheet. Becomes hydrophobic and the water retention capacity decreases. As a result, part of the dropped nutrient solution is lost to the side of the breathable material, and eventually the nutrient solution supply to the plants becomes insufficient.
On the other hand, by using the funnel-shaped cap as described above, the plant can be efficiently cultivated with a minimum required amount of nutrient droplets even during long-term continuous cultivation.

In the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of this Example 31, as shown in FIGS. 51 and 52, the cap shields the upper end side of the medium 1 housed in the outer frames 2 and 2 from the light shielding wall 16c. Is provided in a state of closing at least a part of the side surface portion not surrounded by the outer frames 2 and 2, which is different from the above-described thirty-third embodiment.
Therefore, in Example 31, as described above, by providing the light shielding wall 16c that shields the upper end side of the culture medium 1 from light, the adhesion of dust (including mold spores) to the surface of the water retention sheet 11 is suppressed. At the same time, it is possible to prevent the surface of the water-retaining sheet 11 from being exposed to light, thereby suppressing the generation of mold and algae on the medium 1.

As shown in FIG. 53, the vertical hydroponic cultivation system of Example 32 includes the lid 16d capable of opening and closing the upper end opening of the cap, as shown in FIG. Is different from.
Therefore, in the thirty-second embodiment, by providing the lid body 16d that can be closed, the mouth of the guide member 16 is completely closed when the outer frames 2 and 2 are not used, so that dust (mold Spores are also included).

Although a plurality of embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and even if there are design changes and the like within the scope not departing from the gist of the present invention, they are included in the present invention. Be done.

For example, in the embodiment, the vertical hydroponic cultivation tube 1 is provided in a state of being suspended from the ceiling of the house, but it may be provided in a state of being erected on the floor surface.

Further, in the embodiment, as the outer frame, a cross-section having a substantially U-shape or a substantially semi-circular shape is exemplified, but if the cross-section surrounds the outer periphery of each breathable material leaving the gap portion, The specific shape is arbitrary.

In the embodiment, the binding band 31 that can be loosened is used as the connecting member 3, but Velcro (registered trademark), wire, string, tape, or the like can also be used.
Moreover, a large amount of binding can be performed in a short time by using an automatic binding machine. In the case of bundling with a heat-melting band, which is also used in automatic bundling machines, it can be cut with scissors when detaching, and it is possible to easily divide and clean up the cultivation cylinder.

In addition to sunlight, artificial light such as LEDs can be used as the light source of the vertical hydroponic cultivation system or method. When using artificial light, for example, an artificial light device such as an LED is provided on the surfaces of the gaps W, W of the present cultivation system.

In addition, although an example of planting seedlings has been shown in the examples, plant seedlings with a medium when separately cultivated in a seeding facility may be planted.
When this method is used, for example, seeding is carried out in a urethane medium and sandwiched while leaving the medium around each seedling, so that the labor of root washing can be omitted.
Further, it becomes possible to cultivate a plant species which has a thin root and is damaged by washing the root, and the subsequent growth thereof is deteriorated without fail.
Further, since it is possible to reliably supply water and oxygen to the plant with a small amount of nutrient solution, the planting may be carried out in the state of cuttings in which roots have not yet emerged.
By using this method, seedlings can be grown in a short period of time even for plant species that grow slowly after sowing.
Instead of rooted plants, use the method of sandwiching the cuttings, which is usually done when transplanting plants with roots, and place them on a breathable material on the floor or table. In addition to arranging plants on a water-retaining cloth, placing the other breathable material on top to create a sandwiched state and binding, a thing with a water-retaining sheet sandwiched between breathable materials with a split type outer frame It is also easy to assemble the enclosed cultivation tube first without the plant and insert it between the breathable material and the water retention sheet. Even if the planting work is carried out by one person, it does not take time. It can be implemented easily.
It is also possible to increase the number of cultivated plants without a nursery space and a period for raising seedlings by cutting the cuttings from the plants that are being cultivated for surrounding harvesting, which also contributes to the reduction of work.
In addition, by using a method of planting both sides of the plant attached to the water retention sheet with breathable material, it is easy to plant even if you want to transplant it in a state where the plant height is high and the underground part has developed to some extent. You can do the work.

101 Vertical Hydroponic Cultivation Tube 111 Slit 102 Medium 121 Water-Retaining Sheet 121a Bent Water-Retaining Sheet 121b Inclining Member 122 Breathable Material 123 Breathable Material 103 Nutrient Solution Storage Tank 104 Nutrient Solution Supply Means 104a Nutrient Supply Pipe 104b Nutrient Solution Drip port 104c Cock 104d Drip tube 141 Nutrient solution supply pump 105 Nutrient solution recovery means 151 Drain pan 152 Nutrient solution recovery circulation pump 106 Plant seedlings or seeds 107 Nutrient solution 108 Guide member 108a Upper end opening 108b Nutrient solution supply opening 109 Shielding wall 110 Lid 1 Medium 11 Water-retaining sheet 11a Bent water-retaining sheet 11b Inclination member 12 Breathable material 13 Breathable material 2 Outer frame 21 Top plate part 3 Connecting member 31 Binding band (connecting member)
32 Engaging claw (connecting member)
33 Engaging claw (connecting member)
4 nutrient solution storage tank 5 nutrient solution supply means 5a nutrient solution supply pipe 5b nutrient solution lower opening 5c cock 5d drip tube 51 nutrient solution supply pump 52 flow rate adjusting means 52a electric valve 52b nutrient solution supply amount control means 52c manual valve 6 nutrient solution 7 Nutrient Solution Recovery Means 71 Drain Pan 72 Nutrient Solution Recovery Circulation Pump 8 Plant Seedlings or Seeds 9a Suspension Pipe 9b Suspension Member 10 Fixing Means 14 Moisture Content Sensor 14a Moisture Meter 14b Drain Pan 14c Water Retaining Material 15 Heat Heater 16 Guide Member 16a Upper end opening 16b Nutrient solution supply opening 16c Light-shielding wall 16d Lid W gap

Claims (14)

A vertical hydroponic culture tube hung on the ceiling of the house or standing on the floor, a culture medium that can be inserted into and removed from the vertical hydroponic culture tube, and a nutrient solution that is supplied from the nutrient solution storage tank to the culture medium. A vertical hydroponic cultivation system comprising a liquid supply means,
The vertical hydroponics cylinder comprises at least one vertical slit or a plurality of openings for planting seedlings or seeds of plants in at least one direction thereof,
The medium is composed of a water-retaining sheet and a breathable material sandwiching at least both sides thereof,
The vertical type hydroponic cultivation tube is provided with a guide member having a nutrient solution supply opening portion at the lower end portion for guiding the nutrient solution dropped from the nutrient solution supply means to the upper end portion of the water retentive sheet,
Between the water-retaining sheet and the breathable material, sandwich seedlings or seeds of the plant,
The vertical hydroponic cultivation system, wherein the nutrient solution is supplied from the water-retaining sheet to seedlings or seeds of the plant. The vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 1,
The guide member is a funnel type having a nutrient solution supply opening portion for guiding the nutrient solution dropped from the nutrient solution supply means to the upper end portion of the water retaining sheet to the upper end opening portion of the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder at the lower end portion. A vertical hydroponic cultivation system, which is a cap of. The vertical hydroponics system according to claim 2,
The cap is provided with a light-shielding wall that shields the upper end side of the medium contained in the vertical hydroponic culture tube in a state of closing the slit or the opening surface side of the vertical hydroponic culture tube. Vertical hydroponics system. The vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 2 or 3,
A vertical hydroponic cultivation system, wherein a lid body that can open and close the upper end opening of the cap is provided at the upper end opening edge of the cap. A vertical hydroponic culture tube hung on the ceiling of the house or standing on the floor, a culture medium that can be inserted into and removed from the vertical hydroponic culture tube, and a nutrient solution that is supplied from the nutrient solution storage tank to the culture medium. And a liquid supply means,
The vertical hydroponics cylinder comprises at least one vertical slit or a plurality of openings for planting seedlings or seeds of plants in at least one direction thereof,
The medium is composed of a water-retaining sheet and a breathable material sandwiching at least both sides thereof,
The vertical type hydroponic cultivation tube is provided with a guide member having a nutrient solution supply opening portion at the lower end portion for guiding the nutrient solution dropped from the nutrient solution supply means to the upper end portion of the water retentive sheet,
By supplying the nutrient solution to the water retentive sheet from the nutrient solution supply means through the guide member, to grow seedlings or seeds of plants with the nutrient solution supplied to the water retentive sheet,
Between the water-retaining sheet and the breathable material, sandwich seedlings or seeds of the plant,
The vertical hydroponic cultivation method, wherein the nutrient solution is supplied to the seedlings or seeds of the plant from the water retention sheet. In the vertical hydroponics method according to claim 5,
The guide member is a funnel type having a nutrient solution supply opening portion at the lower end portion for guiding the nutrient solution dropped from the nutrient solution supply means to the upper end portion of the vertical hydroponic cultivation cylinder to the upper end portion of the water retentive sheet. A vertical hydroponic cultivation method characterized in that the cap is used. A vertically long medium composed of a water retaining sheet and a breathable material sandwiching at least both sides thereof, and a plant seedling or seeds between the water retaining sheet and the breathable material near one side edge of the water retaining sheet. a pair of split outer frame sandwiching the media from both breathable material side open one or more gaps for implantation, the coupling means for detachably coupling between outer frames mutually, and nutrient solution storage tank, nourishing And a nutrient solution supply means for supplying the nutrient solution from the liquid storage tank to the medium,
The cross-sections of both outer frames are substantially U-shaped or substantially semicircular to surround the outer periphery of each breathable material leaving the gap portion,
It is configured to drop the nutrient solution from the nutrient solution supply means to the water retentive sheet,
A nutrient solution supply opening portion for guiding the nutrient solution to be dropped from the nutrient solution supply means to the upper end portion of the water-retaining sheet at the upper end opening portion of the vertically elongated columnar body formed of the both outer frames and the culture medium connected to each other. A vertical hydroponic cultivation system comprising a guide member at a lower end. A vertically long medium composed of a water retaining sheet and a breathable material sandwiching at least both sides thereof, and a plant seedling or seed between the water retaining sheet and the breathable material in the vicinity of both side edges of the water retaining sheet, respectively. a pair of split outer frame sandwiching the media from both breathable material side open one or more gaps for implantation, the coupling means for detachably coupling between outer frames mutually, and nutrient solution storage tank, nourishing And a nutrient solution supply means for supplying the nutrient solution from the liquid storage tank to the medium,
The cross-sections of both outer frames are substantially U-shaped or substantially semicircular to surround the outer periphery of each breathable material leaving the gap portion,
It is configured to drop the nutrient solution from the nutrient solution supply means to the water retentive sheet,
A nutrient solution supply opening portion for guiding the nutrient solution to be dropped from the nutrient solution supply means to the upper end portion of the water-retaining sheet at the upper end opening portion of the vertically elongated columnar body formed of the both outer frames and the culture medium connected to each other. A vertical hydroponic cultivation system comprising a guide member at a lower end. The vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 7,
The guide member is a funnel-shaped cap having a nutrient solution supply opening portion at the lower end portion for guiding the nutrient solution dropped from the nutrient solution supply means to the upper end portions of the outer frames to the upper end portions of the outer frames. A vertical hydroponic cultivation system characterized by being present. The vertical hydroponics system according to any one of claims 7 to 9,
The cap is provided with a light shielding wall that shields the upper end side of the culture medium contained in the outer frames in a state of closing at least a part of a side surface portion not surrounded by the outer frames. Vertical hydroponics system. The vertical hydroponic cultivation system according to claim 9,
A vertical hydroponic cultivation system, wherein a lid body that can open and close the upper end opening of the cap is provided at the upper end opening edge of the cap. A vertically long medium composed of a water retaining sheet and a breathable material sandwiching at least both sides thereof, and a plant seedling or seeds between the water retaining sheet and the breathable material near one side edge of the water retaining sheet. a pair of split outer frame sandwiching the media from both breathable material side open one or more gaps for implantation, the coupling means for detachably coupling between outer frames mutually, and nutrient solution storage tank, nourishing And a nutrient solution supply means for supplying the nutrient solution from the liquid storage tank to the medium,
The cross-sections of both outer frames have a substantially U shape or a semi-circular shape that surrounds the outer periphery of each breathable material leaving the gap portion,
It is configured to drop the nutrient solution from the nutrient solution supply means to the water retentive sheet,
A nutrient solution supply opening for guiding the nutrient solution dropped from the nutrient solution supply means to the upper end portion of the vertically long columnar body formed of the both outer frames and the culture medium connected to each other to the upper end portion of the water retentive sheet. A vertical hydroponic cultivation method comprising a guide member having a lower end. A vertically long medium composed of a water retaining sheet and a breathable material sandwiching at least both sides thereof, and a plant seedling or seed between the water retaining sheet and the breathable material in the vicinity of both side edges of the water retaining sheet, respectively. a pair of split outer frame sandwiching the media from both breathable material side open one or more gaps for implantation, the coupling means for detachably coupling between outer frames mutually, and nutrient solution storage tank, nourishing And a nutrient solution supply means for supplying the nutrient solution from the liquid storage tank to the medium,
The cross-sections of both outer frames have a substantially U shape or a semi-circular shape that surrounds the outer periphery of each breathable material leaving the gap portion,
It is configured to drop the nutrient solution from the nutrient solution supply means to the water retentive sheet,
A nutrient solution supply opening that guides the nutrient solution dropped from the nutrient solution supply means to the upper end portion of the vertically long columnar body formed of the both outer frames and the culture medium connected to each other to the upper end portion of the water retentive sheet. A vertical hydroponic cultivation method comprising a guide member having a bottom end. The vertical hydroponics method according to claim 12 or 13,
The guide member is a funnel-shaped cap having a nutrient solution supply opening portion at the lower end portion for guiding the nutrient solution dropped from the nutrient solution supply means to the upper end portions of the outer frames to the upper end portions of the outer frames. A vertical hydroponics method characterized by being present.

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