JP6698696B2 - 核酸分子の検出 - Google Patents
核酸分子の検出 Download PDFInfo
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Description
(i)生物学的試料から単離/取得されたDNA又はcDNAを含むバッチAを準備する工程と、
(ii)工程(i)で準備されたバッチAの3つ以上のアリコートを準備して、該3つ以上のアリコートのそれぞれを用いて独立したポリメラーゼ連鎖反応(PCR)を実施することで、特定の核酸分子を増幅させ、それにより増幅された特定の核酸分子を含む3つ以上のバッチBを準備する工程と、
(iii)等量の3つ以上のバッチBを混合することによりバッチCを準備して、該バッチCにおいてPCRベースのアプローチによって特定の核酸分子のレベルを測定する工程と、
を含み、ここで、工程(iii)で測定されるレベルが、生物学的試料中の特定の核酸分子の発現レベルに相当する、方法に関する。
(i)生物学的試料から単離/取得されたDNA又はcDNAを含むバッチAを準備する工程と、
(ii)工程(i)で準備されたバッチAの3つ以上のアリコートを準備して、該3つ以上のアリコートのそれぞれを用いて独立したポリメラーゼ連鎖反応(PCR)を実施することで、特定の核酸分子を増幅させ、それにより増幅された特定の核酸分子を含む3つ以上のバッチBを準備する工程と、
(iii)3つ以上のバッチBのそれぞれにおいてPCRベースのアプローチによって特定の核酸分子のレベルを測定する工程と、
を含み、ここで、工程(iii)で測定されるレベルの平均値が、生物学的試料中の特定の核酸分子の発現レベルに相当する、方法に関する。
(ia)生物学的試料からRNAを単離する工程と、
(ib)工程(ia)で単離されたRNAをcDNAへと変換し、それによりcDNAを含むバッチAを準備する工程と、
を含む。
(ia)生物学的試料からRNAを単離する工程と、
(ib)工程(ia)で単離されたRNAをcDNAへと変換し、それによりcDNAを含むバッチAを準備する工程と、
を含む。
a)RNA単離
血清試料から、トータルRNAを、QIAGEN社製のmiRNeasy Mini Kitを使用して製造元の使用説明書に従って血清試料について若干の変更を加えて単離した:200 μlの血清に対して1 mlのQIAzol及び200 μlのクロロホルムを使用した。
血清試料中のmiR-371a-3pの定量化のために、6 μlのトータルRNAを、TaqMan(商標)microRNART Kit(Life Technologies社製)並びにmiR-371a-3p及びmiR-93-5p(正規化のため)(Life Technologies、アッセイID:002124(miR-371a-3p)及び000432(miR-93-5p))に関するステムループプライマーそれぞれ1 μlからなるプライマープールを使用して逆転写した。
血清中のRNA/miRNAの濃度が低いため、qRT-PCRの前に、前増幅工程を実施した。前増幅反応物は、4 μlの逆転写(RT)産物、1.12 μlの分析物(1:100希釈)(miR-371a-3p及びmiR-93-5pのそれぞれ)、4 μlの5×Real Time ready cDNA Pre-Amp Master(Roche、ドイツ、マンハイム)及びヌクレアーゼ不含の水からなっており、その水は20 μlの全反応容量になるまで加えられる。前増幅は、95℃で1分間に引き続き、95℃で15秒及び60℃で4分間を14サイクルで行った。次いで、前増幅産物を、ヌクレアーゼ不含の水中で1:2希釈し、その希釈された前増幅産物5 μlを、qRT-PCRのために使用した。
qRT-PCR反応物は、10 μlのFASTstart Universal Probe Master(Roche、ドイツ、マンハイム)、1 μlの特定の分析物、及びヌクレアーゼ不含の水からなっており、全反応容量は20 μlであった。qRT-PCRは、7500Fast Real-Time PCR System(Life Technologies社製)において、以下のサイクル条件:95℃で10分間、次いで95℃で15秒及び60℃で1分間を40サイクルで行った。相対量(RQ)は、ΔΔCt法を使用して計算した。
上記データは、検出下限での信頼することができる結果をもたらすという課題が前増幅工程に関連していることを示している。1つの試料について1回の前増幅が実施され、かつこの前増幅産物がqRT-PCRを使用して測定される場合に、これは、毎回一定の結果をもたらす(表1、表2及び表3における3回/2回のqRT-PCRアッセイを参照)。しかしながら、数回の前増幅が、1つのcDNA反応チューブのなかで実施され、かつこれらの前増幅が、統計学によって種々の量のcDNA分子を含む場合に、これは、後続のqRT-PCRにおけるCt値に顕著な差異をもたらす。最良の混合手順であっても、cDNA合成からの少量のcDNA分子を均等な部で前増幅の反応チューブに分配することは不可能である。その後に、誤差が現れ、Ct値の大きな変動が起こる。このことは、14サイクルのそれぞれで分子数が2倍になることによって説明される。
前増幅プロセスのために、試料をcDNA合成の後に3つの反応チューブに分けた。その後に、qRT-PCRを、3つの反応チューブのそれぞれで別々に実施した(表4及び図1を参照)。Ct値の偏差及び得られた種々の発現レベル(ここでは、例としてmiR-371a-3pについて)を検討するために、3つのRQ値の平均値を、数学的に決定した(算術平均)(RQ=相対量=発現)。
試料を、実施例1のようにcDNA合成後に、前増幅のために3つの反応チューブに分けた。その後に、同一容量を、3つの前増幅反応チューブのそれぞれから取り、一緒にしてピペット操作で1つの反応チューブに入れ、そして単回の後続のqRT-PCRのために良く混合した(図2を参照)。
Claims (15)
- 生物学的試料中の特定の核酸分子の発現レベルを測定する方法であって、該方法は、
(i)前記生物学的試料から単離/取得されたDNA又はcDNAを含むバッチAを準備する工程と、
(ii)工程(i)で準備されたバッチAの3つ以上のアリコートを準備して、該3つ以上のアリコートのそれぞれを用いて独立したポリメラーゼ連鎖反応(PCR)を実施することで、前記特定の核酸分子を増幅させ、それにより増幅された特定の核酸分子を含む3つ以上のバッチBを準備する工程と、
(iii)等量の前記3つ以上のバッチBを混合することによりバッチCを準備して、該バッチCにおいてPCRベースのアプローチによって前記特定の核酸分子のレベルを測定する工程と、
を含み、ここで、工程(iii)で測定されるレベルが、前記生物学的試料中の特定の核酸分子の発現レベルに相当する、方法。 - 前記生物学的試料中の特定の核酸分子の濃度は、1×10-11 M以下である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記生物学的試料中の特定の核酸分子の濃度は、1×10-11 Mから1×10-17 Mの間である、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 前記特定の核酸分子は、特定のmiRNA、特定の無細胞循環DNA、特定の無細胞循環腫瘍DNA、特定のmRNA、特定のsiRNA及び特定のsnRNAからなる群から選択される、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記特定の核酸分子は、特定のmiRNAである、請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記特定のmiRNA分子は、miR-371a-3p、miR-93-5p、miR-372、miR-373、miR-367及びmiR-20a-5pからなる群から選択される、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記生物学的試料は、体液、組織、細胞、細胞溶解物及び細胞培養上清からなる群から選択される、請求項1〜6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記体液は、血清、血漿、精漿、水瘤液、精液瘤液、全血、尿、羊水、滲出液、痰、唾液及び脳脊髄液からなる群から選択される、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記組織は、天然組織、急速凍結された組織及びホルマリン固定パラフィン包埋(FFPE)された組織からなる群から選択される、請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記組織は、腫瘍組織である、請求項7又は9に記載の方法。
- バッチAは、前記生物学的試料から単離/取得されたcDNAを含む、請求項1〜10のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 工程(i)は、
(ia)前記生物学的試料からRNAを単離する工程と、
(ib)工程(ia)で単離された前記RNAをcDNAへと変換し、それにより該cDNAを含むバッチAを準備する工程と、
を含む、請求項11に記載の方法。 - 工程(ii)において、バッチAの3つのアリコートを準備する、請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記PCRベースのアプローチは、定量的リアルタイムPCR(qRT-PCR)又はデジタルPCR(dPCR)である、請求項1〜13のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 被験体において疾病若しくは疾患を検出する方法又は被験体において疾病若しくは疾患の程度/進行度を測定する方法であって、該方法は、
(a)前記被験体から生物学的試料を取得する工程と、
(b)前記生物学的試料中の特定の核酸分子の発現レベルを、請求項1〜14のいずれか一項に記載の方法で測定する工程と、
を含み、ここで、前記生物学的試料中の特定の核酸分子の発現レベルが、前記被験体における疾病又は疾患の有無及び/又は程度/進行度の指標である、方法。
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