JP6694195B1 - Spring type damping damper - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a spring type vibration control damper capable of preventing excessive deformation of a laminated rubber seismic isolation device at the time of a huge earthquake and imparting a rapid deformation restoring function to prevent damage to the laminated rubber. SOLUTION: A spring type vibration damping damper 11 is attached between an upper structure and a basic structure of a seismic isolated building structure in which a seismic isolation device is interposed between the upper structure and the basic structure. It is composed of a cylinder 18 provided with plates 23 and 24, a rod 22 having a piston 21 attached to its tip, and a coil spring 19 housed in the cylinder 18. The piston 21 is housed in the cylinder 18 and One end is fixed to the end plate 23 of the cylinder 18, the other end is fixed to the piston 21, and the relative displacement is returned to the original position by the compression of the coil spring 19 against the relative displacement due to the earthquake between the upper structure and the foundation structure. To do. [Selection diagram] Fig. 3

Description

  TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a spring type vibration damping damper used by being attached to a seismic isolation structure.

Several techniques are known for this type of damping damper.
According to the first known technique, a piston having a convex cross section including an axis is slidably fitted to a cylinder filled with oil, and a cylindrical body to which a small diameter portion of the piston is fitted is attached to one end of the cylinder. An oil hole provided with a check valve that is fitted and fixed to the portion and is closed when the piston moves toward the end portion, and a minute oil hole that communicates both sides of the large diameter portion of the piston in the piston. And when the small diameter portion of the piston is fitted into the cylindrical body, the closed oil chamber formed inside the cylindrical body communicates with the cylindrical oil chamber formed between the cylinder and the small diameter portion of the piston. An oil damper provided with a minute oil passage (see Patent Document 1).

  The damper according to the first known technique produces a very large damping force only in an appropriate partial range during the entire stroke. Therefore, it can be used by a simple mechanism by directly connecting it to a window or a door. Moreover, since the cylinder is fitted into the cylinder and the piston is formed in a convex shape, the structure can be easily manufactured.

  In the second known technique, a tubular body, a spring body (helical coil spring) housed in the tubular body for controlling the deformation of the laminated rubber, and one end of the tubular body in the axial direction of the tubular body. And a rod having a pressing portion for pressing the spring body, the other end portion extending from the end portion of the tubular body, and the length of the tubular body is at least that of the laminated rubber. A stopper in a seismic isolation structure characterized by adding an allowable deformation amount and a length capable of accommodating a spring body (see Patent Document 2).

  In the stopper according to the second known technique, when the laminated rubber G is excessively deformed due to an unexpected earthquake input, the pressing portion of the rod contacts the spring body, and the excessive deformation is controlled by the spring force. That is.

  The third known technique is provided between a first structure and a second structure that move relative to each other, and generates a damping force to damp the relative movement of the first structure and the second structure. Provided between the first structure body and the second structure body for generating a damping force larger than that of the damping means, and the relative movement of the first structure body and the second structure body. And a damping means for suppressing fluid flow, and the damping means is inserted into the cylinder and the cylinder is accommodated in the cylinder, and the damping mechanism is installed in the cylinder along with relative movement of the first structure and the second structure. When the relative movement of the rod inserted into and removed from the rod and the first structure and the second structure provided on the rod exceeds a predetermined value, the pressed portion provided on the stopper means is pushed to reduce the damping force. A damping device, comprising: Reference 3).

  According to the damping device of the third known technique, the rod is inserted into and removed from the cylinder as the first structure and the second structure move relative to each other. Thereby, the damping means generates a damping force, and the relative movement between the first structure and the second structure is damped. Further, when the relative movement amount of the first structure and the second structure exceeds a predetermined value, the pressed portion provided on the stopper means is pushed by the pressing portion provided on the rod, and the stopper means causes the damping means. It produces a greater damping force. Thereby, the relativeness between the first structure and the second structure is further attenuated. That is, the damping means generates a damping force for an expected earthquake or the like, and generates a stopper means damping force together with the damping means for an earthquake or more than expected. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the excessive deformation of the first structure and the second structure by causing the stopper means to function as a cushioning material at the time of an unexpected earthquake while maintaining the vibration damping efficiency against an unexpected earthquake or the like. That is.

Bulletin Bulletin No. 51-774 Publication No. 3-23004 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2011-47421

Laminated rubber seismic isolation devices are often used for seismic isolation structures, but the laminated rubber seismic isolation device itself cannot absorb the energy of the earthquake and cannot deform along the swing width to suppress the swing width. To prevent this, it is necessary to install a vibration control damper and use it together with the laminated rubber seismic isolation device. Among the vibration control dampers, the oil damper is often used because it can convert seismic energy into heat energy and reduce the shaking of the entire building. It is one of them.
However, since the oil damper can absorb seismic energy but has no restoring force, it cannot return to the original state due to the relative displacement of the upper and lower structures caused by the earthquake, and the laminated rubber There is a problem that the elastic isolation force of the seismic isolation device causes the laminated rubber seismic isolation device to be heavily loaded, and the seismic isolation rubber is excessively deformed and destroyed. In addition, the oil damper may explode when exposed to high temperatures during a fire and destroy the structure.

  In Patent Document 2, it is possible to suppress the excessive deformation of the laminated rubber by using the oil damper and the stopper together, but it is essential to use the stopper and the oil damper together. Therefore, in the technique of Patent Document 2, not only the double material is required and the material is wasted, but also the double labor and time are required for the mounting work, and further, the spring body is not attached to the pressing portion. Since it is attached in the state of a cantilever, if it is subjected to repeated seismic force, the spring body will buckle, and if it becomes slanted or the tip is slack, it will be rubbed against the wall of the cylinder and it will not be able to move in parallel. However, once buckled, the device cannot operate normally after that, and in short, the stopper function is lost, and there is a problem that continuous use becomes impossible.

In the technique of Patent Document 3, since it is necessary to provide a damping device with a damping device using a fluid such as oil and a stopper device using a spring, the structure is complicated, the number of parts is increased, and the cost is increased. Since a fluid is used, the danger at the time of fire cannot be avoided as in the case of Patent Document 1.
Further, since it is indispensable to provide a seal member such as an O-ring for preventing the fluid such as oil from leaking in the insertion hole of the rod, the cost of the device also becomes high. Even if a liquid (oil) is replaced with a gas (air) to be used as an air damper, sealing for gas leakage is also required, and thus there is a problem that the cost becomes high.

  Therefore, the present invention solves all the problems in the above-mentioned conventional technology, uses no fluid such as oil at all, absorbs seismic energy, and has a stopper function that prevents excessive deformation of the laminated rubber seismic isolation device. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a seismic damper having three functions, a deformation restoring function for promptly restoring the deformation of a structure caused by an earthquake.

  As a specific means for solving the above-mentioned problems of the conventional example, the invention according to the present invention is a damper used in a seismic isolated building structure in which a seismic isolation device is interposed between an upper structure and a foundation structure. The damper includes a cylinder having end plates at both ends, a rod slidably disposed in the cylinder and having a piston attached to one end, and a pair of springs provided on both sides of the piston. An elastic cushioning member installed inside each of the end plates, one end of the spring is fixed to the piston, and a clearance is provided between the other end and the elastic cushioning member. When the relative displacement with the foundation structure exceeds the clearance, the function of absorbing seismic energy by the elastic reaction force generated by the compression of the spring, the stopper function of preventing excessive deformation of the seismic isolation device, and the isolation after the earthquake. Quake building deformation There is provided a spring Seismic damper being characterized in that a configuration and a function to restore.

  In the above invention, the clearance is set to 70 to 80% of the limit deformation allowable value of the seismic isolation device, and the spring is closely contacted immediately before the relative displacement reaches the limit deformation allowable value of the seismic isolation device. The spring is a coil spring, and a plurality of buckling prevention materials are installed inside the spring with a required gap over the entire length of the cylinder; and the spring has a series of at least two different spring coefficients. It is an additional requirement that they are combined in the length direction.

According to the spring type vibration damping damper of the present invention, the following effects can be achieved.
1. If the relative displacement (extension or contraction of the relative distance) between the upper structure and the foundation structure due to an earthquake is provided within the clearance by providing the clearance between the spring and the elastic cushioning material, it is exempt. By performing horizontal deformation freely within the elastically deformable range of the seismic device, the seismic force on the superstructure becomes extremely small and the superstructure is not affected by the earthquake. In short, it is possible to deal with small and medium-sized earthquakes because the normal laminated rubber type seismic isolation device has horizontal deformation capability. Therefore, in small and medium-scale earthquakes, the restoring force of the laminated rubber type seismic isolation device is used to restore the seismic isolated building to its original state, and the number of turns, diameter, strength, etc. It is possible to reduce the size and cost of the spring type damping damper itself.
2. When the relative displacement (expansion or contraction of the relative distance) between the upper structure and the foundation structure due to a large earthquake exceeds the free space, the spring comes into contact with the elastic cushioning material and is compressed, resulting in an elastic reaction force to the spring. Occurs. This elastic reaction force has the function of absorbing seismic energy. Then, when the relative variable reaches a predetermined value, the coil spring is compressed and brought into close contact, and the relative movement of the piston in the cylinder is stopped, which limits the relative displacement between the upper structure and the foundation structure, resulting in seismic isolation. A stopper function of preventing excessive deformation of the device can be obtained. Further, against the relative displacement between the upper structure and the foundation structure due to the earthquake and the rubber deformation of the seismic isolation device, the spring elastic reaction force generated by the compression of the coil spring quickly restores the deformation of the seismic isolated building after the earthquake. Restore function is obtained. In other words, unlike the prior art, it is not necessary to install both stoppers and dampers, and one device has three functions: seismic energy absorption function, stopper function to prevent excessive deformation of seismic isolation device, and deformation restoration function. Become a vibration control damper. The predetermined value is preferably a limit deformation allowable value of the laminated rubber seismic isolation device.
3. The above-mentioned deformation restoring function means that an elastic reaction force (restoring force) is generated by the compression of the spring. In the event of a large earthquake, when the relative displacement between the upper structure and the foundation structure exceeds the clearance and the laminated rubber seismic isolation device is largely deformed, elastic reaction force is generated and suppressed by compression of the spring. In short, when a large earthquake occurs, the large deformation that the laminated rubber seismic isolation device receives is suppressed by the restoring force of the spring, and if the deformation is reduced to the play area, it can be restored by the elastic restoring force of the seismic isolation device itself. Even if the seismic isolation device receives repeated horizontal forces, the laminated rubber of the seismic isolation device can prevent deterioration due to load fatigue, and the service life of the seismic isolation device can be extended.
4. Further, the clearance is set to 70 to 80% of the limit deformation allowable value of the laminated rubber type base isolation device, and the spring is moved immediately before the relative displacement between the upper structure and the foundation structure reaches the limit deformation allowable value of the base isolation device. The close contact not only allows for a large earthquake expected in the design with a margin, but also suppresses excessive deformation of the seismic isolation device to prevent seismic isolation even when an unexpected large earthquake occurs. The damage to the device itself can be prevented, and the safety of the entire seismic isolated building structure can be greatly improved.
5. By installing the buckling prevention material, it is possible to prevent the spring from being unable to expand and contract in the axial direction of the cylinder due to buckling or bending of the tip even when subjected to repeated earthquakes or strong winds. Particularly, even a spring mounted in a cantilever manner can prevent buckling and tip bending.
6. Further, since no fluid such as oil is used, it suffices to provide a hole through which the rod can penetrate in the end plate of the cylinder, so that it is not necessary to take measures against oil or gas leakage, and the structure can be provided simply and at low cost.

It is the side view which showed only the principal part of the seismic isolation structure to which the spring type damping damper which concerns on this invention was attached. It is a top view showing only an important section of the seismic isolation structure. It is sectional drawing in the mounting state of the spring type damping damper of the Example which concerns on this invention. It is an expanded sectional view which follows the AA line of FIG. It is an expanded sectional view showing an example of the important section of the attachment state of the buckling prevention material in the spring type damping damper of the example concerning the present invention. It is an expanded sectional view of other examples which show the important section of the attachment state of the buckling prevention material in the spring type damping damper of the example concerning the present invention. (A), (b), (c) is an explanatory view of the relative displacement between the foundation structure and the upper structure when the earthquake of the spring type damping damper of the embodiment is received. It is a graph showing the characteristic of the coil spring in the example.

  Examples of the present invention will be described with reference to the illustrated embodiments. First, FIGS. 1 and 2 will be described. Generally, as a seismic isolation structure, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, an upper structure 2 is constructed on a foundation structure 1. The foundation structure 1 includes a plurality of foundation piles 4 on a ground 3. And the wrinkle foundation 5 is formed on each of the foundation piles 4, and a mat slab 6 made of concrete is formed between the foundation piles 4. In the upper structure 2, a footing 8 is installed between the lapping foundation 5 and a seismic isolation device 7 of a laminated rubber type, and a large beam (underground beam) 9 is arranged between the footing 8. A pillar 10 is built on the upper surface of the footing 8, and beams, slabs, walls (not shown), etc. are sequentially formed to construct the upper structure 2.

  The spring-type damping damper 11 according to the present invention is attached between the base structure 1 and the superstructure 2 to the base-isolated structure constructed as described above. Between the support base 12 provided on the (mat slab 6) and the support base 13 provided on the upper structure 2 side (large beam 9) via mounting bases 14 and 15 made of steel metal fittings and connecting pins 16 and 17, The spring type vibration damper 11 is installed horizontally and freely rotatable in the left and right directions. Although illustration is omitted, the spring-type vibration damping damper 11 can be attached so as to be able to rotate in the vertical and horizontal directions by using the attachment bases 14 and 15 having a spherical connection structure.

  As shown in FIGS. 3 to 8, the spring type vibration damping damper 11 according to the specific embodiment of the present invention prevents the coil spring 19 and the buckling of the coil spring 19 from being inside the cylinder 18 of the required length. A plurality of anti-buckling members 20 for preventing and a piston 21 are arranged. The piston 21 is connected (attached) to the tip of a piston rod 22 and slidably arranged in the cylinder 18. The rear end of the rod 22 is arranged so as to protrude from the one end of the cylinder 18 by a required length, and the protruding end of the rod 22 is attached to the support base 12 by the connecting pin 16 and the attachment base 14.

  Regarding the arrangement of these members in the cylinder 18, the end plates 23 and 24 made of steel metal fittings are firmly attached to both ends of the cylindrical cylinder 18 by welding or the like. Has a plurality of holes to which a plurality of buckling prevention members 20 are attached, and in the illustrated embodiment (see FIGS. 4 to 6), four holes or screw holes 25 are preliminarily provided near the peripheral edge at even intervals. Insertion is made so that the head portions of the four buckling prevention members 20 made of round steel contact the end plate 23 provided on the side (the left side in FIG. 3), and the insertion end is screwed into the right side screw hole 25. The end portion of the cylinder 18 so that the end portion protrudes from the cylinder 18 by a required length, and the nut 28 is screwed onto the protruding end portion to fix the end portion of the buckling prevention member 20 over the entire length of the cylinder 18. And install the buckling prevention member 20 inside. As saddled with the gap disposing the coil spring 19. The piston 21 is also provided with an insertion hole 26 through which the buckling prevention member 20 is inserted, and the rear end portion of the piston rod 22 is inserted into an insertion hole 31 provided in the end plate 24 so as to be required from the cylinder 18. The length is projected.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 3, the piston 21 attached to the piston rod 22 is arranged so as to be located at the center of the cylinder 18, and the coil spring 19 attached to the piston 21 has the same spring coefficient on both sides of the piston 21. A pair of coil springs 19c and 19d, and a gap portion 32 is provided between the coil springs 19c and 19d and the cushioning members 29 provided inside the end plates 23 and 24 on both sides, respectively. .. The clearance 32 is appropriately determined according to the elastic deformation capacity of the laminated rubber of the seismic isolation device 7, and is preferably 70 to 80% of the limit deformation allowable value of the seismic isolation device 7.

In short, the horizontal deformation of a base-isolated building due to an earthquake is usually small during a small-to-medium-scale earthquake, and therefore, when the coil spring 19 (19c, 19d) does not abut on the cushioning material 29, the base isolation is The seismic isolated building after the earthquake can be restored to its original state by the elastic restoring force of the device 7 itself, but for horizontal deformation at the time of a large earthquake, the clearance 32 is eliminated and the coil spring 19 absorbs the cushioning material 29. With respect to horizontal deformation that abuts against and compresses, the elastic reaction force due to the compression of the coil spring 19 restores the deformation of the base-isolated building to the length of the free space 32 after the earthquake, and then restores the elasticity of the seismic isolation device 7. They are restored by their ability, and each role is divided so that the seismically isolated building after the earthquake is restored to its original state.
The cushioning member 29 is provided so as to be elastically and smoothly compressed until the spring 19 comes into close contact, and is the same as the conventional cushioning member. Alternatively, rubber or spring may be used.
The buckling prevention member 20 may be fixed by screwing as shown in FIG. 5, but may be fixed by tightening with a nut 28 via a washer 27 as shown in FIG.
The limit deformation allowable value of the seismic isolation device referred to in the present invention is the maximum horizontal deformation amount of the seismic isolation device 7 within the elastic range. Therefore, the seismic isolation device should retain the ability to recover even after a huge earthquake.

The relative displacement between the base structure 1 and the superstructure 2 when the spring type damping damper 11 according to the above-described embodiment is subjected to an earthquake will be described with reference to FIGS. 7 (a), 7 (b), and 7 (c).
First, Fig. (A) shows a state in which the relative displacement is deformed in the direction indicated by the arrow a (direction in which the relative distance extends) and reaches a predetermined value, and Fig. (B) shows the coil springs 19c, 19d in the installed state. The non-acting state (no relative displacement) is shown, and the figure (c) shows the state where the relative displacement is deformed in the direction indicated by the arrow b (the direction in which the relative distance decreases) and reaches a predetermined value.
For example, in a seismic isolation structure, the seismic isolation device 7 is installed against the normally assumed seismic force. If the seismic isolation device 7 is within the assumption, the seismic isolation device 7 returns to its original state due to elastic deformation of the laminated rubber. In the event of a large earthquake that exceeds expectations, the laminated rubber is excessively deformed and the seismic isolation device 7 is destroyed.

  In any case, by installing a pair of coil springs 19c and 19d having the same spring coefficient on both sides of the piston 21, even if the relative displacement between the base structure 1 and the upper structure 2 extends beyond the clearance 32 and contracts. It is possible to restore the relative displacement between the base structure 1 and the upper structure 2 by absorbing the seismic energy by the elastic reaction force of one of the coil springs 19c and 19d and absorbing the seismic energy. Therefore, the stroke L of relative displacement between the basic structure 1 and the upper structure 2 is a stroke in which the piston 21 moves (displaces) from the intermediate position in the free space portion 32 in the cylinder 18 to whichever end plate 23, 24 side. Also, since the initial restoring forces of both coil springs 19c and 19d act strongly, not only the deterioration of the function of the seismic isolation device 7 due to the fatigue load can be prevented, but also the buckling prevention material 20 is provided. , 19d can be smoothly and repeatedly expanded and contracted in the cylinder 18 without buckling. In addition, the end plates 23 and 24 of the cylinder 18 exhibit a stopper function against an excessive relative displacement.

  Further, as the coil springs 19c and 19d used, those obtained by combining a plurality of coil springs having different panel coefficients in series can be used, and for example, those formed by changing the diameter, the number of windings and the material of the spring wire. In any case, as shown in FIG. 8, the characteristic of the coil spring becomes curved (non-linear elastic characteristic), the initial spring reaction force is reduced, and the basic structure 1 and the superstructure 2 are connected. The relative movement of is not strongly restrained.

  A spring type damping damper 11 according to the present invention is a damper used in a seismic isolated building structure in which a seismic isolation device 7 is interposed between an upper structure 2 and a foundation structure 1, and the damper 11 is , A cylinder 18 provided with end plates 23 and 24 at both ends, a rod 22 slidably disposed in the cylinder 18 and having a piston 21 attached to one end thereof, and a pair provided on both sides of the piston 21. Coil springs 19c and 19d and elastic cushioning members 29 installed inside both end plates 23 and 24, respectively. One ends of the coil springs 19c and 19d are fixed to the piston 21, and the other end and the elastic cushioning member. 29 is provided between the upper structure 2 and the basic structure 1 when the relative displacement between the upper structure 2 and the basic structure 1 exceeds the free space 32, the elasticity generated by the compression of the coil springs 19c and 19d. Since the structure has a function of absorbing seismic energy by force, a stopper function of preventing excessive deformation of the seismic isolation device 7, and a function of restoring the deformation of the seismic isolated building after the earthquake, the upper structure 2 and the basic structure With respect to the direction of relative displacement with respect to 1, both can be made effective without the need for disposing a device that is effective for expansion or contraction as in the prior art, and not only the cost of the device itself but also the labor of work can be reduced. it can. In addition, the cylinder 18 is provided with a stopper function (both side plates) for preventing excessive deformation of the laminated rubber seismic isolation device 7 without the need to install both a stopper and a damper, and three functions of a deformation restoring function and an earthquake energy absorbing function. It was a seismic control damper with. The reaction force (restoring force) due to the compression of the coil springs 19c and 19d suppresses the deformation of the laminated rubber seismic isolation device 7, and also includes the deformation caused by the horizontal force such as small and medium earthquakes and strong winds. Therefore, even if the laminated rubber seismic isolation device 7 receives repeated horizontal force, most of the burden is borne by the deformation restoring function of the coil springs 19c and 19d to restore the current state. The seismic isolation device 7 can be used in a wide range because it can be prevented from deteriorating and the service life of the seismic isolation device 7 can be extended.

1 Foundation structure 2 Superstructure 3 Ground 4 Foundation pile
5 Lapple foundation 6 Mat slab 7 Laminated rubber seismic isolation device 8 Footing 9 Large beam (Underground beam)
10 pillars 11 spring type vibration damper 12 support base 13 support bases 14, 15 mounting bases 16, 17 connecting pins 18 cylinders 19, 19c, 19d coil springs 20 buckling prevention material 21 pistons 22 rods (piston rods)
23, 24 End plate 25 Hole or screw hole 26 Insertion hole 27 Washer 28 Nut 29 Buffer material 30 Space part 31 Insertion hole 32 Free space part a, b Arrow

Claims (4)

A damper used in a seismic isolated building structure in which a seismic isolation device is interposed between the superstructure and the foundation structure,
The damper includes a cylinder having end plates at both ends, a rod slidably disposed in the cylinder and having a piston attached at one end, a pair of springs provided at both sides of the piston, and both ends. It consists of elastic cushioning materials installed inside the plate,
One end of the spring is fixed to the piston, and a play portion is provided between the other end and the elastic cushioning material.
When the relative displacement between the upper structure and the base structure exceeds the play part, a function of absorbing seismic energy by elastic reaction force generated by compression of the spring, and a stopper function of preventing excessive deformation of the seismic isolation device, A spring-type seismic damper, which has a function of restoring the deformation of a base-isolated building after an earthquake. The clearance is set to 70 to 80% of the limit deformation allowable value of the seismic isolation device, and the spring is closely contacted immediately before the relative displacement reaches the limit deformation allowable value of the seismic isolation device. The spring type damping damper according to claim 1. The spring type damping damper according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the spring is a coil spring, and a plurality of buckling prevention members are installed inside the spring with a required gap over the entire length of the cylinder. The spring type damping damper according to any one of claims 1 to 3 , wherein the spring is a combination of at least two different spring coefficients in series in the lengthwise direction.

Images