JP6677894B2 - Apparatus for dismantling an object to be processed and method for dismantling an object to be processed - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a disassembly apparatus for dismantling an object to be processed and a method for dismantling an object to be processed using the same.

  An air conditioner is an example of an object to be processed in which a component containing a useful material such as metal is obtained by disassembly when recycling. For example, a home wall-mounted air conditioner indoor unit includes a heat exchanger or a motor containing copper, aluminum, or the like. Since these heat exchangers and motors are generally fastened to a housing made of a resin material, it is necessary to remove these heat exchangers and motors from the resin material when disassembling the air conditioner.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a method of dismantling waste home appliances, for example, Patent Document 1 discloses a method of separating metal parts such as a motor and a compressor and collecting valuable resources by using image processing using X-rays. There is disclosed a method for dismantling waste household electrical appliances, which detects the size of the home appliance, and punches and separates a metal component using a mold.

  Further, Patent Document 2 discloses that a rotating body provided with a striking body, which is a cutting blade, on its peripheral surface is rotated at a high speed and collides with a heat exchanger of an air conditioner at a speed higher than a critical impact speed, so that a collision portion is formed. A method for dismantling an air conditioner for cutting a heat exchanger while crushing a surface layer of the air conditioner is disclosed.

  Further, in Patent Document 3, the position of a plurality of stud bolts fixing an outdoor unit housing and a compressor in the outdoor unit housing is specified by image processing, the periphery of the stud bolt is cut out, and the compressor and the outdoor unit are separated. A method of disassembling an outdoor unit of an air conditioner for separating an air conditioner housing from the case is disclosed.

JP-A-09-057698 JP 2002-071156 A JP 2012-032021 A

  However, the method of dismantling waste home appliances described in Patent Document 1 requires cost and labor, such as performing X-ray imaging and image analysis to detect the position and size of a metal part, and dismantles efficiently. There was a problem that it was difficult to do.

  Further, in the method for dismantling an air conditioner described in Patent Document 2, the striking body is rotated at a high speed to collide with a heat exchanger for recovery, so that the heat exchanger itself is cut into chips. As a result, there is a problem that the handling of the collected material is not good.

  Further, in the method of disassembling an outdoor unit of an air conditioner described in Patent Document 3, it is necessary to specify a position of a stud bolt by image processing and then accurately position and cut a cutting tool around the stud bolt. However, there is a problem that it is difficult to efficiently disassemble in a short time. In addition, the present invention cannot be applied to a case where the part to be collected is fixed to the housing by means other than bolts.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described circumstances, and is capable of efficiently separating and disassembling a resin material constituting an object to be processed and components fastened to the resin material at low cost. It is an object of the present invention to provide a device for dismantling an object to be processed and a method for dismantling an object to be processed using the same.

In order to solve the above-described problems, an apparatus for dismantling an object to be processed according to the present invention includes a stage on which the object to be processed is mounted, and a measuring unit that measures a dimension of the object to be mounted mounted on the stage. A crushing blade for crushing the object to be processed, crushing position adjusting means for moving the crushing blade along the width direction of the stage, a projecting position where the crushing blade projects to the stage, and a retreat position where the crushing blade is retracted from the stage. A crushing blade projecting means for moving the crushing blade between the crushing blade and a control unit for determining a crushing position of the processing target based on the information of the dimensions , wherein the processing target is an air conditioner indoor unit, and the crushing position Is set between an area where a heat exchanger and a fan are arranged and an area where a motor for driving the fan is arranged .

  According to the disassembly apparatus for the object to be processed of the present invention, the arrangement of the components constituting the object to be processed measures the dimension of the object to be processed which is almost constant, and the crushing blade is moved to a crushing position corresponding to this dimension, Only by crushing the object to be processed with the crushing blade, the resin material constituting the object to be processed can be easily separated from a component including, for example, a metal. This eliminates the need for troublesome and costly processes such as grasping the layout of the entire component by X-ray imaging or the like and removing the screws or the like to release the fastening between the resin material and the component. The object to be processed can be easily and efficiently dismantled.

  Further, in the present invention, an opening / closing door that opens downward may be formed on the stage, and a receiving table may be provided below the stage.

  In the present invention, the conveyor may further include a conveyor having one end connected to the cradle and extending outward from the cradle.

  In the present invention, a plurality of the crushing blades may be formed.

  In the method for dismantling an object to be treated according to the present invention, the resin material constituting the object to be treated is crushed by using the object dismantling apparatus described in each of the above items, and a part fastened to the resin material is removed. A method for dismantling a processed object, wherein a measuring step of measuring the dimensions of the object to be processed, a crushing position determining step of determining the crushing position based on the information of the dimensions, and based on the information of the crushing position. A crushing position adjusting step of moving the crushing blade to the crushing position; and a crushing step of displacing the crushing blade from the retracted position to the projecting position to crush the resin material at the crushing position. It is characterized by the following.

  Further, the present invention may further include a dropping step of dropping the crushed object to be processed downward and promoting separation of the resin material and the component by a landing impact.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the disassembly apparatus of the to-be-processed object which can isolate | separate and disassemble the resin material and the part fastened to this resin material efficiently at low cost, and the to-be-processed object using this Can be provided.

It is an external appearance top view which shows an example of the dismantling apparatus of a to-be-processed object. It is a principal part schematic block diagram of a to-be-processed object and the dismantling apparatus of a to-be-processed object. It is the flowchart which showed the disassembly method of the to-be-processed object of this embodiment step by step.

(Device for dismantling the object)
First, an object dismantling apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 1 is an external plan view showing an example of an apparatus for dismantling an object to be processed. FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of a main part of a processing target and a disassembling apparatus for the processing target.
A processing object dismantling apparatus (hereinafter, may be simply referred to as a dismantling apparatus) 10 according to the present embodiment is a wall-mounted air conditioner indoor unit (processing object) 1 as an example of waste household electrical appliances that are processing objects. Is preferably used for dismantling.

  The dismantling device 10 includes a stage 11 on which the air conditioner indoor unit 1 is mounted, a measuring unit 12 for measuring the dimensions of the air conditioner indoor unit 1, a crushing blade 13 for crushing the air conditioner indoor unit 1, and a crushing blade 13 for connecting the crushing blade 13 to the air conditioner room. A crushing blade projecting means 14 for pushing out toward the machine 1, a crushing position adjusting means 15 for moving the crushing blade 13 along the width direction L of the stage 11, and a control unit 16 for controlling these parts are provided.

  The dismantling apparatus 10 further includes a receiving table 17 for receiving the air conditioner indoor unit 1 dropped from the stage 11 and a conveyor 18 having one end connected to the receiving table 17 and extending outward from the receiving table 17. .

  Here, a schematic configuration of a general wall-mounted air conditioner indoor unit 1 will be described. The air conditioner indoor unit 1 includes a housing 2 made of a resin material, a heat exchanger (parts) 3, a fan (part) 4, a motor (part) 5, and a control board (part) 6 fastened to the housing 2. Is arranged.

  The heat exchanger 3 is a component that exchanges heat between the air taken in by the fan 4 and the circulating refrigerant, and is made of copper, aluminum, or the like having excellent heat conductivity. The fan 4 is a component that allows air to flow through the heat exchanger 3, and is a cylindrical sirocco fan made of resin, aluminum, or the like. The motor 5 is a component for rotating the fan 4, and includes aluminum or steel as an exterior material, and copper wire or the like as a coil.

  The components constituting the air conditioner indoor unit 1 are arranged in a substantially fixed layout irrespective of the manufacturer and the size of the housing 2. That is, when the air conditioner indoor unit 1 is mounted, the heat exchanger 3 is arranged on the upper side, and the fan 4 is arranged on the lower side. A motor 5 is arranged adjacent to the fan 4, and a control board 6 is arranged adjacent to the heat exchanger 3.

  When each component is separated by crushing from the casing 2 of the air conditioner indoor unit 1 having such a component layout, a space between one side of the casing 2 and one end of the heat exchanger 3 and the fan 4 is provided. The housing 2 is crushed along the first crushing line C1 set to. Further, the casing 2 is crushed along a second crushing line C2 set between the other end of the heat exchanger 3 and the fan 4 and the motor 5 and the control board 6. When the housing 2 is crushed along the first crushing line C1 and the second crushing line C2, the heat exchanger 3, the fan 4, the motor 5, and the like, which are parts fastened to the housing 2 which is a resin material, are obtained. Separate from the housing 2.

  The stage 11 mounts the air conditioner indoor unit 1. The stage 11 includes a bottom plate 11A and a back plate 11B. The air conditioner indoor unit 1 is placed so that the lower side contacts the bottom plate 11A and the rear side contacts the rear plate 11B.

  An opening / closing door 11C is provided on the bottom plate 11A of the stage 11 so as to rotate downward and drop the placed air conditioner indoor unit 1. In the present embodiment, the opening / closing door 11C is formed by dividing the bottom plate 11A into two parts and rotatably attaching each of them. The opening and closing door 11C is opened and closed by a door opening and closing mechanism 11D including, for example, a hydraulic cylinder.

  The measuring means 12 is a device for measuring the dimensions of the air conditioner indoor unit 1 prior to disassembly, and in the present embodiment, is constituted by a device for measuring the length by reflection of laser light. The measuring unit 12 irradiates the side surface of the air conditioner indoor unit 1 with the laser beam S to measure the dimensions of the air conditioner indoor unit 1. In the present embodiment, the dimension W of the air conditioner indoor unit 1 measured by the measuring unit 12 is the width of the air conditioner indoor unit 1 along the width direction L of the stage 11. The information on the dimension W measured by the measuring unit 12 is output to the control unit 16.

In the present embodiment, the crushing blades 13 are formed at two places, and are crushing blades 13A and 13B, respectively. The crushing blade 13 is made of a steel plate having a predetermined thickness. The crushing blade 13 is formed in a rectangular plate shape. In addition, one side of the crushing blade 13 facing the air conditioner indoor unit 1 may be formed in a blade shape whose thickness gradually decreases toward the tip.
Of the crushing blades 13, one crushing blade 13A crushes the housing 2 along the first crushing line C1, and the other crushing blade 13B crushes the housing 2 along the second crushing line C2.

  The crushing blade projecting means 14 is located at a position in front of the front surface of the air conditioner indoor unit 1 mounted on the stage 11, that is, a retracted position P1 retracted from above the stage 11, and a position to bite into the housing 2 of the air conditioner indoor unit 1, That is, the crushing blade 13 is a device for moving the crushing blade 13 back and forth between the protrusion position P2 protruding above the stage 11, and in the present embodiment, the crushing blade protruding means 14 is configured by a hydraulic cylinder.

The crushing blade projecting means 14 includes crushing blade projecting means 14A for moving one crushing blade 13A back and forth, and crushing blade projecting means 14B for moving the other crushing blade 13B back and forth. The crushing blade protruding means 14 performs a forward and backward movement according to an operation signal output from the control unit 16.
The crushing blade projecting means 14 may be constituted by, for example, a motor and a gear other than the hydraulic cylinder.

  The crushing position adjusting means 15 is for moving the crushing blade 13 and the crushing blade projecting means 14 along the stage 11. In the present embodiment, the crushing blade 13 is perpendicular to the longitudinal movement direction of the crushing blade 13, and It is moved along the width direction L along one side. The crushing position adjusting means 15 includes, for example, a rail extending along the width direction L, and a motor for moving the crushing blade 13 and the crushing blade projecting means 14 on the rail.

  The crushing position adjusting means 15 is operated by an operation signal output from the control unit 16, and the crushing blade 13 and the crushing blade 13 are located at positions corresponding to the first crushing line C1 and the second crushing line C2 which differ depending on the size W of the air conditioner indoor unit 1. The blade projecting means 14 is moved. The crushing position adjusting means 15 may be constituted by, for example, a hydraulic cylinder in addition to the rail and the motor.

  The control unit 16 includes, for example, a CPU, a memory, a driver circuit, and the like. The information of the dimension W of the air conditioner indoor unit 1 output from the measuring unit 12 is input, and the crushing position adjusting unit 15 and the crushing blade projecting unit are provided. 14 operation signals are output. Further, it controls a door opening and closing mechanism 11D that opens and closes the opening and closing door 11C of the stage 11.

  In the memory of the control unit 16, the positions of the first crushing line C1 and the second crushing line C2 based on the relationship between the component arrangement and the dimension W of the air conditioner indoor unit 1, which is an object to be processed, are stored in advance.

  The cradle 17 is disposed immediately below the stage 11, receives the crushed air conditioner indoor unit 1 that has fallen due to the opening of the opening and closing door 11C, and is entirely made of steel or stainless steel. It is desirable that the receiving table 17 be formed to have a high strength receiving surface in order to facilitate separation of the housing 2 of the air conditioner indoor unit 1 and each component after being crushed by a landing impact.

  The conveyor 18 is a transport device that pulls out the crushed air-conditioner indoor unit 1 dropped on the cradle 17 to the outside of the cradle 17, and includes, for example, a belt conveyor or a roller conveyor. In the present embodiment, the conveyor 18 is formed so as to extend from the cradle 17 disposed at a position lower than the stage 11 to a height substantially equal to that of the stage 11. Note that the conveyor 18 may be configured to also serve as the cradle 17.

  In addition to the above-described configuration, the dismantling device 10 is connected to one end of the stage 11, for example, an introduction conveyor for sending the air conditioner indoor unit 1 before dismantling to the stage 11, and scattering of crushed pieces when the air conditioner indoor unit 1 is crushed. A hood or the like for preventing the noise may be provided.

Next, a method for dismantling an object to be processed according to an embodiment of the present invention using the above-described object dismantling apparatus will be described.
FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a step-by-step method of disassembling the object according to the present embodiment.
When disassembling the air conditioner indoor unit 1 which is an example of an object to be processed by the dismantling device 10 and taking out parts, first, the air conditioner indoor unit 1 of waste household electrical appliances is introduced into the stage 11 (mounting step S1). The air conditioner indoor unit 1 is mounted on the stage 11 such that the lower side contacts the bottom plate 11A and the rear side contacts the rear plate 11B.

  Next, the dimension W of the air conditioner indoor unit 1 placed on the stage 11 is measured (measuring step S2). In the measurement step S2, for example, a laser beam S is emitted from the laser distance measuring device, which is the measuring unit 12, toward the side surface of the air conditioner indoor unit 1, and the dimension W of the air conditioner indoor unit 1 along the width direction L of the stage 11 is measured. Measure.

  In measurement, one side surface of the housing 2 is aligned with a fixed position on the stage 11, and the other side surface of the housing 2 is irradiated with laser light S to receive reflected light, thereby obtaining a known standard size. , The data of the actually measured value of the dimension W of the air conditioner indoor unit 1 can be obtained. The obtained information of the dimension W of the air conditioner indoor unit 1 is input to the control unit 16.

Next, the control unit 16 refers to the respective positions (crush positions) of the first crush line C1 and the second crush line C2 corresponding to the dimension W of the air conditioner indoor unit 1 stored in advance (crush position determining step). S3). The positions (crushing positions) of the first crushing line C1 and the second crushing line C2 may be determined by the calculation of the control unit 16 with respect to the dimension W of the air conditioner indoor unit 1. For example, the first crushing line C <b> 1 and the second crushing line C <b> 2 are set at a certain distance from the both ends of the air conditioner indoor unit 1 along the width direction L with respect to the dimension W of the air conditioner indoor unit 1. In this case, the respective positions (crushing positions) of the first crushing line C1 and the second crushing line C2 are determined by the dimension W of the air conditioner indoor unit 1 and the respective ratios.
Then, an operation signal is output to the crushing position adjusting means 15, and the crushing blades 13A and 13B are moved toward positions (crushing positions) that match the first crushing line C1 and the second crushing line C2 according to the dimension W. Each of them is moved along the width direction L (crushing position adjusting step S4).

  After the crushing blades 13A and 13B have moved to positions that respectively match the first crushing line C1 and the second crushing line C2, the control unit 16 outputs operation signals to the crushing blade projecting means 14A and 14B, respectively. . As a result, the hydraulic pressure in the hydraulic cylinders constituting the crushing blade protruding means 14A, 14B is increased, and the crushing blades 13A, 13B protrude into the housing 2 from the retracted position P1, which is closer to the front than the front surface of the air conditioner indoor unit 1. It protrudes toward the position P2 (crushing step S5).

  By the crushing step S5, the housing 2 made of a resin material is crushed along the first crushing line C1 and the second crushing line C2, respectively. Of these, by crushing the housing 2 along the first crushing line C1, the fastening between one side surface of the housing 2 and one end of each of the heat exchanger 3 and the fan 4 is released.

  Further, by crushing the casing 2 along the second crushing line C2, a region where the heat exchanger 3 and the fan 4 are arranged and a region where the motor 5 and the control board 6 are arranged are separated. The fastening between the other end of each of the heat exchanger 3 and the fan 4 and the housing 2 is released. Further, the connection between the motor 5 and the control board 6 and the casing 2 is released.

  As described above, by crushing the housing 2 along the first crushing line C1 and the second crushing line C2, the heat exchanger 3, the fan 4, and the motor 5, which are parts including metal, are made of a resin material. It can be separated from a certain housing 2.

Thereafter, the control unit 16 outputs an operation signal to the door opening / closing mechanism 11D, and turns the opening / closing door 11C of the stage 11 to open downward. Thus, the crushed air conditioner indoor unit 1 falls toward the cradle 17 (falling step S6). Then, the crushed casing 2 and the components such as the heat exchanger 3, the fan 4, and the motor 5 are more reliably separated by the impact of landing on the cradle 17.
Then, the housing 2 and the components such as the heat exchanger 3, the fan 4, and the motor 5 that are separated from each other are drawn out of the cradle 17 by the conveyor 18.

  Through the above steps, the housing 2 made of a resin material and the parts (the heat exchanger 3, the fan 4, and the motor 5) fastened to the housing 2 and containing metal useful for recycling can be easily attached. In addition, the air conditioner indoor unit 1 can be dismantled efficiently and separately.

  As described above, according to the object dismantling apparatus and the object dismantling method using the same according to the embodiment, the waste home appliances in which the layout of parts including metal and the like is almost common regardless of the model or the manufacturer. Just measure the dimensions of the product (object to be processed), for example, the air conditioner indoor unit, move the crushing blade to the crushing position according to the size, and crush the resin material housing at the crushing position with this crushing blade. The resin material is separated from the parts including the metal and the like fastened to the resin material.

  This eliminates the need for troublesome and costly processes such as grasping the layout of the entire component by X-ray imaging or the like and removing the screws or the like to release the fastening between the resin material and the component. The object to be processed can be easily and efficiently dismantled.

  In the apparatus for dismantling an object to be treated and the method for dismantling an object to be treated using the same according to the embodiment, the parts themselves are not crushed. , And can be collected in a size that can be easily transported.

In the above-described embodiment of the processing object dismantling apparatus and the processing method of the processing object using the same, the air conditioner indoor unit is exemplified as the processing object, but the processing object is not limited to this. .
For example, it can be used when separating a storage room portion made of a resin material of a waste refrigerator from a compressor and a radiator plate which are parts including metal. In general refrigerators, the layout (layout) of components such as compressors and heat sinks in the storage room is fixed. For example, only measuring the height (dimensions) and using a resin material without performing image analysis etc. The effective crushing position for separation from the crushing can be determined.

  Further, for example, it can also be used for separating a washing tub portion made of a resin material of a waste washing machine from a motor which is a component including metal. In a general washing machine, the arrangement (layout) of components such as a motor with respect to a washing tub is determined. For example, only a height (dimension) or a width (dimension) is measured without performing image analysis or the like. An effective crushing position for separating the component from the resin material can be determined.

  Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above, these embodiments are presented as examples and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. These embodiments can be implemented in other various forms, and various omissions, replacements, and changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. These embodiments and their modifications are included in the scope and gist of the invention, and are also included in the invention described in the claims and equivalents thereof.

1. Indoor unit of air conditioner (object to be processed)
2. Housing (resin material)
3. Heat exchanger (parts)
4 ... Fan (parts)
5 ... Motor (parts)
6 ... Control board (parts)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Disassembly apparatus 11 ... Stage 12 ... Measurement means 13 ... Crushing blade 14 ... Crushing blade protruding means 15 ... Crushing position adjusting means 16 ... Control part P1 ... Retreat position P2 ... Protruding position

Claims (6)

A stage on which the object is placed,
Measuring means for measuring the size of the object to be processed mounted on the stage,
A crushing blade for crushing the object,
Crushing position adjusting means for moving the crushing blade along the width direction of the stage,
Crushing blade projecting means for moving the crushing blade between a projecting position projecting to the stage and a retracted position retracted from the stage,
A control unit that determines a crushing position of the object to be processed based on the information of the dimensions ,
The object to be processed is an air conditioner indoor unit, and the crushing position is set between an area where a heat exchanger and a fan are arranged and an area where a motor for driving the fan is arranged. Dismantling device for processed objects.   2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an opening / closing door that opens downward is formed on the stage, and a receiving table is disposed below the stage. 3.   3. The apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising a conveyor having one end connected to the cradle and extending outward from the cradle.   The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a plurality of the crushing blades are formed. 5. A method for dismantling a workpiece, which comprises using the apparatus for dismantling a workpiece according to any one of claims 1 to 4, crushing a resin material constituting the workpiece and removing a part fastened to the resin material. And
A measuring step of measuring the dimensions of the object,
A crushing position determining step of determining the crushing position based on the information of the dimensions,
Based on the information of the crushing position, a crushing position adjusting step of moving the crushing blade to the crushing position,
A crushing step of displacing the crushing blade from the retracted position to the projecting position and crushing the resin material at the crushing position;
A method for dismantling an object to be processed, comprising at least:   6. The method according to claim 5, further comprising a dropping step of dropping the crushed object to be processed downward and promoting separation of the resin material and the component by a landing impact. .

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