JP6672270B2 - トランスサイレチン(ttr)媒介アミロイドーシスの治療方法 - Google Patents
トランスサイレチン(ttr)媒介アミロイドーシスの治療方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本願は、2014年8月29日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/044,100号明細書、及び2015年4月24日に出願された米国仮特許出願第62/150,596号明細書の利益及びそれらに対する優先権を主張するものであり、これらの仮特許出願は両方ともにあらゆる目的から全体として参照により援用される。
本明細書に記載される方法は、TTR阻害組成物の投与を含む。TTR阻害組成物は、ヒト対象の血清中のTTRタンパク質濃度を低下させる任意の化合物であってもよい。例としては、限定はされないが、RNAi、例えばsiRNAが挙げられる。siRNAの例としては、TTR遺伝子を標的化するsiRNA、例えば、以下のパチシリン(patisirin)(更に詳細に記載する)及びレブシラン(revusiran)が挙げられる。例としてはまた、アンチセンスRNAも挙げられる。TTR遺伝子を標的化するアンチセンスRNAの例については、米国特許第8,697,860号明細書を参照することができる。
一部の実施形態において、本明細書に記載される方法は、TTR遺伝子の発現を阻害するため、RNAi、例えばsiRNA、例えばdsRNAであるTTR阻害組成物を使用する。一実施形態において、siRNAは、TTR遺伝子を標的化するdsRNAである。dsRNAは、TTR遺伝子の発現で形成されるmRNAの少なくとも一部と相補的な相補性領域を有するアンチセンス鎖を含み、この相補性領域は30ヌクレオチド長未満、概して19〜24ヌクレオチド長である。本発明のdsRNAは、1つ以上の一本鎖ヌクレオチドオーバーハングを更に含み得る。TTR阻害siRNAは、国際特許出願第PCT/US2009/061381号明細書(国際公開第2010/048228号パンフレット)及び国際特許出願第PCT/US2010/055311号明細書(国際公開第2011/056883号パンフレット)(双方とも全体として参照により本明細書に援用される)に記載されている。
一部の実施形態において、本明細書に記載される方法に用いられるdsRNAは、安定性を増強するため化学修飾される。本発明を特徴付ける核酸は、参照により本明細書に組み込まれる「Current protocols in nucleic acid chemistry,」Beaucage,S.L.et al.(Eds.),John Wiley&Sons,Inc.,New York,NY,USAに記載されているような、当技術分野にてよく確立された方法により合成及び/又は修飾することができる。本発明に有用なdsRNA化合物の特定の例は、修飾バックボーンを含む又は天然ヌクレオシド間結合を有さないRNAを含む。本明細書に定義されるように、修飾バックボーンを有するdsRNAは、バックボーン内にリン原子を保持するものと、バックボーン内にリン原子を有さないものとを含む。本明細書の目的において、及び、当技術分野にて時折言及されるように、それらのヌクレオシド間バックボーン内にリン原子を有さない修飾dsRNAも、オリゴヌクレオシドであると見なされてもよい。
一実施形態において、TTR阻害組成物はパチシランである。パチシランは、静脈内(IV)投与用の肝指向性脂質ナノ粒子(LNP)として製剤化された、TTRに特異的な低分子干渉リボ核酸(siRNA)である(Akinc A,Zumbuehl A,et al.「RNAi療法薬の送達用の脂質様物質コンビナトリアルライブラリ(A combinatorial library of lipid−like materials for delivery of RNAi therapeutics)」.Nat Biotechnol.2008;26(5):561−569)。このTTR siRNAは、WT TTR並びに既報告のあらゆるTTR突然変異との相同性を確保して裏付けるため、TTR遺伝子の3’UTR領域内に標的領域を有する。LNPの媒介によって肝臓に送達された後、パチシランはTTR mRNAを分解の標的とし、それによりRNAi機構を介して突然変異体及びWT TTRタンパク質の強力且つ持続的な減少が生じる。
一部の実施形態において、本明細書に記載される方法は、四量体安定化剤を別のTTR阻害組成物と共投与することを含む。
本明細書には、ヒト対象のニューロパチー障害スコア(NIS)又は改定NIS(mNIS+7)を低下させる又はその増加を抑制する方法が開示され、ここでヒト対象はTTR関連障害を有する。一部の実施形態において、TTR関連障害は、トランスサイレチン(TTR)遺伝子の突然変異によって引き起こされる疾患の一つである。ある実施形態では、この疾患はTTRアミロイドーシスであり、これは、家族性アミロイドポリニューロパチー(FAP)、トランスサイレチン媒介アミロイドーシス(ATTR)、及び症候性ポリニューロパチーなど、種々の形で現れる。末梢神経系がより顕著に冒される場合、この疾患はFAPと称される。病変が主に心臓にあり、神経系にない場合、この疾患は家族性アミロイド心筋症(FAC)と呼ばれる。主要なTTRアミロイドーシスの第3のタイプは、軟膜/CNS(中枢神経系)アミロイドーシスと呼ばれる。ATTRは自律神経系に発症する。
本明細書に開示される方法は、トランスサイレチン(TTR)阻害組成物の投与によってヒト対象のニューロパチー障害スコア(NIS)を低下させ又はその増加を抑制する。NISは、特に末梢性ニューロパチーに関して、筋力低下、感覚、及び反射を計測するスコア化法を指す。NISスコアは、筋力低下について標準筋肉群(1は25%の低下、2は50%の低下、3は75%の低下、3.25は重力に抗して動かすことができる、3.5は重力を除くと動かすことができる、3.75は筋攣縮はあるが動かない、及び4は麻痺状態である)、標準筋伸展反射群(0は正常、1は低い、2は無しである)、及び触圧、振動、関節位置及び運動、及びピン痛覚(全て示指及び母趾について採点する:0は正常、1は低い、2は無しである)を評価する。評価は、年齢、性別、及び体力で補正する。
一部の実施形態において、本明細書に開示される方法は、トランスサイレチン(TTR)阻害組成物の投与によってヒト対象の改定ニューロパチー障害スコア(mNIS+7)を低下させ又はその増加を抑制する。当業者に周知のとおり、mNIS+7は、大小神経線維機能の電気生理学的計測(NCS及びQST)及び自律神経機能の計測(体位血圧)と組み合わせた臨床検査に基づく神経学的障害(NIS)の評価を指す。
本明細書に記載される方法は、ヒト対象に有効量のトランスサイレチン(TTR)阻害組成物を投与するステップを含み、ここで有効量は、ヒト対象の血清中TTRタンパク質濃度を50μg/ml未満に低下させるか、又は少なくとも80%低下させる。血清TTRタンパク質濃度は、当業者に公知の任意の方法、例えば、抗体ベースのアッセイ、例えばELISAを用いて直接決定することができる。或いは、血清TTRタンパク質濃度は、TTR mRNAの量を計測することにより決定してもよい。更なる実施形態において、血清TTRタンパク質濃度は、代用物質、例えばビタミンA又はレチノール結合タンパク質(RBP)の濃度を計測することによって決定される。一実施形態において、血清TTRタンパク質濃度は、以下の実施例に記載するとおりELISAアッセイを用いて決定される。
AUCは、ある用量の薬物、例えばTTR阻害組成物を患者に投与した後の時間の経過に伴う血流の血漿中における組成物、例えばTTRの濃度の曲線下面積を指す。AUCは、患者の血漿への組成物の吸収速度及び血漿からのその除去速度の影響を受ける。当業者に公知のとおり、AUCは、薬物投与後の血漿組成物濃度の積分を計算することによって決定し得る。別の態様において、AUCは、以下の式を用いて予測することができる:
本明細書に記載される方法は、TTR阻害組成物、例えば、TTR遺伝子を標的化するsiRNA、例えばパチシランの投与を含む。一部の実施形態において、TTR阻害組成物は医薬組成物である。
当業者は、対象の有効な治療に必要な投薬量及びタイミングに、限定はされないが、疾患又は障害の重症度、前治療、対象の全般的な健康及び/又は年齢、及び他の既存疾患を含めた特定の要因が影響を及ぼし得ることを理解するであろう。更に、治療有効量の組成物による対象の治療には、単回治療又は連続治療が含まれ得る。本発明に包含されるTTR阻害組成物の有効な投薬量及び生体内半減期の推定は、本明細書の他の部分に記載されるとおり、従来の方法を用いるか、又は適切な動物モデルを使用したインビボ試験に基づき行うことができる。
臨床第I相試験では、パチシランが28日間にわたって患者のTTRレベルを低下させることが分かった。この試験の結果は、New England Journal of Medicine(Coelho et al.,N Engl J Med 2013;369:819−29)に発表した。この発表はあらゆる目的から参照によって援用される。研究デザイン及び結果の概要について、以下のとおり再掲する。
最も低い2つのパチシラン用量では、TTRレベルの有意な変化は(プラセボと比較したとき)観察されなかった。しかしながら、0.15〜0.5mg/kgの用量を投与された全ての参加者で実質的なTTRのノックダウンが観察された(データは示さず)。TTRノックダウンは、3つの用量レベル全てにおいて急速、強力且つ持続的であり、28日目までプラセボと比較したとき極めて有意に変化した(P<0.001)。0.15及び0.3mg/kgで見られたロバストな反応及び0.5mg/kgでの中程度の漸進的な反応改善を踏まえ、1人の参加者のみが0.5mg/kgの用量を受けた。
パチシランの効果の特異性を更に実証するため、ALN−PCS(これは、パチシランに使用されるのと同種の脂質ナノ粒子に製剤化された、PCSK9(コレステロール降下の標的)を標的化するsiRNAを含む)の第1相試験における健常ボランティア群のTTRも計測した。0.4mg/kg ALN−PCS(いわゆる対照siRNA)の単回投与はTTRに何ら効果を及ぼさなかったことから(データは示さず)、TTRに対するパチシランの効果はsiRNAによる特異的な標的化に起因したもので、脂質ナノ粒子の製剤の非特異的な効果ではなかったことが示された。
この臨床第II相試験では、TTR媒介性FAP患者に複数用量のパチシランを投与して、これらの患者における複数漸増静脈内用量のパチシランの安全性、忍容性、薬物動態、及び薬力学を判定した。このデータは、2013年11月に行われた家族性アミロイドポリニューロパチー国際シンポジウム(International Symposium on Familial Amyloidotic Polyneuropathy:ISFAP)において発表した。
実施例2に記載するプロトコルを用いてFAP患者で非盲検拡大研究を実施した、及び実施する。パチシランの投与により、NIS及びmNIS+7の両方が低下した。
Claims (22)
- TTR関連障害を有するヒト対象のニューロパチー障害スコア(NIS)又は改定NIS(mNIS+7)を低下させるための医薬組成物であって、0.3mg/kgの以下に記載されるとおりのパチシランを含み、:
前記パチシランが静脈内投与され、且つ有効量により、前記ヒト対象の血清中TTRタンパク質濃度が50μg/ml未満に低下するか、又は少なくとも80%低下し、前記TTR濃度が酵素結合免疫吸着測定法(ELISA)によって決定される、医薬組成物。 - TTR関連障害を有するヒト対象のニューロパチー障害スコア(NIS)又は改定NIS(mNIS+7)を低下させる又はその増加を抑制するための医薬組成物であって、以下に記載されるとおりのパチシランを含み、
ここで、0.3mg/kgの医薬組成物が前記ヒト対象に21日に1回静脈内投与され、血清TTRタンパク質濃度を50μg/ml未満に低下させるか、又は少なくとも80%低下させる、医薬組成物。 - TTR関連障害を有するヒト対象のニューロパチー障害スコア(NIS)又は改定NIS(mNIS+7)を低下させる又はその増加を抑制するための医薬組成物であって、有効量のトランスサイレチン(TTR)阻害組成物を含み、前記有効量が治療6ヵ月後に9000〜18000の平均血清TTR AUCをもたらす、請求項1または2に記載の医薬組成物。
- 以下
に記載されるとおりのパチシランを含む、ヒト対象のトランスサイレチン(TTR)発現を阻害するための医薬組成物。 - 以下
に記載されるとおりのパチシランからなる医薬組成物であって、ここで前記医薬組成物がバイアルに含まれる、ヒト対象のトランスサイレチン(TTR)発現を阻害するための医薬組成物。 - 前記組成物が0.01〜0.5mg/kgの用量で投与される、請求項4または5に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記組成物が0.15〜0.3mg/kgの用量で投与される、請求項4または5に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記組成物が0.3mg/kgの用量で投与される、請求項4または5に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記組成物が0.3mg/kgの用量で21日に1回投与される、請求項4または5に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記組成物が、1mL/分で15分間、続いて3mL/分で55分間の70分間の注入によって0.3mg/kgの用量で21日に1回投与される、請求項4または5に記載の医薬組成物。
- 治療が、血清トランスサイレチンに関するELISAによって決定するとき82.3〜86.8%の範囲の平均トランスサイレチンレベル低下をもたらす、請求項4または5に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記ヒト対象が、軽度から中等度のニューロパチーを伴うトランスサイレチンアミロイドーシスの生検による確定診断を有する、請求項4または5に記載の医薬組成物。
- ヒト対象におけるトランスサイレチン媒介アミロイドーシス(ATTR)の治療のための、請求項4又は5に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記組成物が0.01〜0.5mg/kgの用量で投与される、請求項13に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記組成物が0.15〜0.3mg/kgの用量で投与される、請求項13に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記組成物が0.3mg/kgの用量で投与される、請求項13に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記組成物が0.3mg/kgの用量で21日に1回投与される、請求項13に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記組成物が、1mL/分で15分間、続いて3mL/分で55分間の70分間の注入によって0.3mg/kgの用量で21日に1回投与される、請求項13に記載の医薬組成物。
- 治療が前記対象のニューロパチー障害スコア(NIS)の低下をもたらす、請求項13に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記ヒト対象が症候性ポリニューロパチーを有する、請求項13に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記ヒト対象が、確認されているTTR突然変異を有するFAPの診断を有する、請求項13に記載の医薬組成物。
- 請求項4又は5に記載の組成物と使用説明書とを含むキット。
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