JP6672133B2 - Building with earthquake damage assessment function - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a building with an earthquake damage evaluation function.

  Conventionally, as a program for evaluating damage to a building due to an earthquake, a collapse simulation program described in Patent Document 1 has been proposed.

  In this conventional example, in this conventional example, the simulation program models the structure of the house by combining the nodes and the springs by using the individual element method. When the seismic motion is input to the model generated as described above, the stress vectors of all the springs at a predetermined time and the acceleration, velocity, and displacement increment of each node are calculated based on these, and the collapse state of the structure is obtained. Can be

JP 2012-83813 A

  However, since the simulation program in the above-described conventional example is intended to evaluate the resistance to an earthquake by determining whether or not the structure can be collapsed due to a predetermined earthquake motion, an uncollapsed building after the earthquake is used. Is not suitable for structural evaluation of

  In addition, it has been observed that ground motions can differ greatly only a few kilometers from the observation point, whereas the ground motion data input in the simulation program is generally the result of measurement on the seismic observation network. However, there is also a problem that it is not suitable for accurately evaluating the influence on the building.

  The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-mentioned drawbacks, and an object of the present invention is to provide a building with an earthquake damage evaluation function capable of evaluating strength after an earthquake or presenting a repaired part.

  Another object of the present invention is to provide an earthquake-resistant building safety evaluation system capable of adding an earthquake damage evaluation function to a predetermined building.

According to the invention, the object is
Building part 1 to be evaluated, which is a wooden building by the framing method ,
A seismograph 2 for measuring a ground motion applied to the evaluation target building part 1 at the time of an earthquake;
Applying the output from the seismometer 2 to an analysis model in which the components of the building part 1 to be evaluated are modeled as stress-bearing elements during an earthquake, simulate the behavior due to seismic motion, and degrade the strength due to plasticization. An analysis unit 3 for extracting elements;
A display unit 4 for displaying the model components whose strength has deteriorated,
In the analysis model, the frame is modeled by an elastic-plastic spring, the joint is an elastic-plastic spring and an elastic-plastic rotating spring, the vertical and horizontal structures are truss springs, and the bracing is modeled by a compression bracing spring and a tension bracing spring. Be composed,
The analysis unit 3 is automatically activated when the output from the seismometer 2 exceeds a predetermined value, and calculates a stress vector including a moment for each of the springs at a predetermined time as a component using a discrete element method. In addition to extracting the spring after plasticization as an element of strength deterioration , and providing a building with an earthquake damage evaluation function that will sound an evacuation alarm if the plasticization of components that could lead to the danger of house collapse is confirmed It is achieved by doing.

  In the present invention, an analysis model in which the behavior with respect to the seismic motion is modeled in advance in the building part 1 to be evaluated such as a house, and when an earthquake occurs, the seismometer 2 analyzes the actually observed seismic motion. The behavior of the component can be simulated by applying to the model.

  In the analysis model, since the components constituting the building part 1 to be evaluated are modeled as stress-bearing elements against the seismic motion, the analysis model is plasticized by simulation, exceeds the maximum load, and further breaks to completely lose the proof stress. Can be determined regardless of the appearance of the building part 1 to be evaluated.

  As a result, even after the earthquake, even if the evaluation target building part 1 is not collapsed or the appearance is not changed, it is possible to know the damaged part occurring in the invisible part. In addition, it becomes possible to accurately evaluate the possibility of living after an earthquake, a reinforcement plan, or the application of insurance.

In this case ,
It is possible to configure a building with an earthquake damage evaluation function in which the seismometer 2 is installed in an area appropriately separated from the foundation of the evaluation target building unit 1.

  The seismometer 2 can be installed on the base or the like of the building 1 to be evaluated. However, if it is installed at an appropriate distance from the foundation of the building 1 to be evaluated, the behavior of the ground surface due to the earthquake can be accurately measured. be able to.

further,
The building part 1 to be evaluated is a wooden building by a framing method,
In the analysis model, the frame is modeled by an elastic-plastic spring, the joint is an elastic-plastic spring and an elastic-plastic rotational spring, the vertical and horizontal surfaces are truss springs, and the bracing is modeled by a compression bracing spring and a tension bracing spring. Be composed,
The analysis unit 3 calculates a stress vector including a moment for each of the springs at a predetermined time as a component by using the individual element method, and extracts the spring after plasticization as a strength deterioration element.

  The analysis unit 3 analyzes the behavior of the evaluation target building part 1 with respect to the seismic motion, and can employ various well-known structural calculation and structural analysis methods as long as constituent members that have deteriorated in physical properties can be extracted. The discrete element method belongs to the particle method without a continuous mesh like the finite element method, and there is no constraint to find a solution that minimizes the energy of the whole system based on the principle of virtual work like the finite element method. Since the motion of the particle element can be solved according to the basic principles of physics, the computational load on the computer can be reduced.

  In addition, in the ordinary individual element method, when the object comes into contact with each other, only the repulsive frictional force is calculated, and there is no structural element of the building such as a beam element. In the present invention for modeling, it is possible to specify each structural element, and it is possible to specifically extract a deteriorated element.

  As the analysis unit 3 described above, a collapse simulation program described in Patent Document 1 described above and practically used as “wallstat” can be used.

Further, the analysis unit 3 is automatically activated when the output from the seismometer 2 exceeds a predetermined value.

  In the present invention which uses the output from the seismometer 2 as an operation start trigger, since the evaluation of the components of the building part 1 to be evaluated is started together with the occurrence of the earthquake of the predetermined seismic intensity, for example, a configuration leading to the danger of house collapse When plasticization of the member is confirmed, an evacuation alarm can be sounded and the damage avoidance action can be promptly promoted.

In addition, the building with damage evaluation function during earthquake
A seismometer 2 installed in the building 1 to be evaluated , which is a wooden building by the framing method ,
Applying the output from the seismometer 2 to an analysis model in which the components of the building part 1 to be evaluated are modeled as stress-bearing elements during an earthquake, simulate the behavior due to seismic motion, and degrade the strength due to plasticization. A simulation unit 5 for extracting elements,
Having a display unit for displaying the model components whose strength has deteriorated,
In the analysis model, the frame is modeled by an elastic-plastic spring, the joint is an elastic-plastic spring and an elastic-plastic rotational spring, the vertical and horizontal surfaces are truss springs, and the bracing is modeled by a compression bracing spring and a tension bracing spring. Be composed,
The simulation unit 5 is automatically started when an output from the seismometer 2 exceeds a predetermined value, and calculates a stress vector including a moment for each of the springs at a predetermined time as a component using a discrete element method. In addition to extracting the spring after plasticization as a factor of strength deterioration , use an earthquake-rated building safety evaluation system that sounds an evacuation alarm when plasticization of components that could lead to the danger of house collapse is confirmed. Can be.

  In this case, the simulation unit 5 can constitute a seismic building safety evaluation system mounted on a server device connected to the seismometer 2 via the Internet (N).

  By moving the simulation unit 5 from the evaluation target building unit 1 to the server device, the risk of stopping the operation of the simulation unit 5 due to the collapse of the evaluation target building unit 1 can be reduced. In addition, in order to enable centralized management of analysis models and simulation results for a plurality of buildings, the server manages data such as on-site verification of the damage situation after the earthquake and comparison of the simulation results with the simulation results. It becomes possible to collect.

Further, by using the above-mentioned earthquake-resistant building safety evaluation system,
An analysis model in which the components of the building 1 to be evaluated are modeled as stress-bearing elements during an earthquake is stored, and the output from the seismic-motion measuring unit 14 is applied to the analysis model to simulate the behavior due to the seismic motion, and to plasticize. A simulation unit 5 for extracting model components whose strength has been deteriorated by
It is possible to configure a seismic building safety evaluation device in which the display unit 4 that displays the model components whose strength has deteriorated is housed in the same housing.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the intensity | strength evaluation after an earthquake, or a repair part can be shown.

It is a figure showing the present invention. FIGS. 7A and 7B are diagrams showing model components, (a) is an analysis model of a frame member, (b) is a skeleton curve of the frame member, (c) is an analysis model showing a joint between the frame members, and (d) is ( FIG. 3C is a diagram illustrating the restoring force characteristics of the elasto-plastic spring, and FIG. It is a figure which shows a model component, (a) is a figure which shows the analytical model of a structural surface, (b) shows the restoring force characteristic of a truss spring, and (c) is an analytical model of a bracing. 5A and 5B are views showing a display screen of a display unit, wherein FIG. 5A shows a screen before an earthquake, FIG. 5B shows a screen at an early stage of an earthquake, FIG. FIG. 9 is a diagram showing another embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure showing a seismic building safety evaluation device.

  As shown in FIG. 1, a building with an earthquake damage evaluation function is composed of a building part 1 to be evaluated and a safety evaluation system 7 for a building to be evaluated which evaluates the degree of damage of the building part 1 during the earthquake. Be composed.

  The seismic building safety evaluation system 7 is connected to the seismometer 2 having the seismometer 2 for measuring the seismic motion applied to the evaluation target building unit 1, the analysis unit 3, and the display unit 4. And an indoor unit 8.

  The analysis unit 3 includes a simulation unit 5 including a model storage unit 9, a calculation unit 10, and a display calculation unit 11, and a control unit 12 that controls the display unit 4 and the simulation unit 5. Is realized by running a collapse simulation program described in Patent Literature 1 and put to practical use as “wallstat” on a general-purpose computer system.

  Hereinafter, the configuration of the simulation unit 5 will be described based on the above Patent Document 1 and the technical description of “wallstat”. First, an analysis model obtained by analyzing the structure of the evaluation target building unit 1 is stored in the model storage unit 9 of the simulation unit 5.

  The analysis model is constructed by combining nodes and springs in the same way as the matrix method, and each component and its joints are divided into a frame, joint, vertical plane, vertical plane, and bracing. Be transformed into

Frame members such as columns, bundles, beams, girders, window stands, and lintels are modeled by elasto-plastic rotating springs (plastic hinges) and elastic beam elements, as shown in FIG. FIG. 2B is a skeleton curve of the frame member, which is defined by the M-θ relationship. When the bending moment exceeds the maximum bending moment (M _p ), the moment starts to decrease, and when the bending moment reaches zero rotation angle, Assuming that the member has been broken, the rotary spring between the members is changed to a pin joint.

  In addition, a Young's modulus, a second moment of area, a maximum bending moment, and a cross-sectional area are given to the frame member as structural parameters that determine a mechanical behavior when a seismic motion is applied.

Further, as shown in FIG. 2 (c), the joint between the shafts is modeled by an elastic-plastic rotary spring and an elastic-plastic spring that is rigid against shearing. The restoring force characteristic shown in FIG. 2D is assumed for the elastic-plastic spring at the joint, and the first to third stiffness (K _s1 , K _s2 , K _s3 ) in the restoring force characteristic, and the inflection point of the skeletal curve thereof D ₁ and D ₂ are given as parameters.

Furthermore, elastoplastic rotational spring of the joint portion has a hysteresis characteristics shown in FIG. 2 (e), as a parameter, 1 to 3-order stiffness restoring force characteristic _{(K s1, K s2, K} s3), and its backbone The inflection points D ₁ and D _{2 of the} curve are given as parameters.

As shown in Fig. 3 (a), the vertical construction surfaces such as walls, hanging walls, and waist walls, and the horizontal construction surfaces such as floors and roofs are replaced with truss springs that transmit only axial force, thereby modeling the shear force as shown in Fig. 3 (a). Is performed. As shown in FIG. 3B, a restoring force characteristic obtained by synthesizing the bilinear model and the slip model is assumed for the surface spring, and the break points P ₁ , P ₂ , P _3. Displacement break points D ₁ , D ₂ , D ₃ and the damping constant of the spring are given as parameters.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 3 (c), the model of the bracing spring is modeled by arranging two trusses for compression and tension for one bracing, and the restoring force. The characteristics are obtained by synthesizing a biolinear model and a slip model as in the case of the above-described surface spring. Further, a break point P of the spring load, a break point of the displacement, and a damping constant of the spring are set as the parameters for the bracing spring.

  The calculation unit 10 gives the output from the seismometer 2 to the analysis model to obtain the displacement, load, moment, etc. of each element and each spring. The seismometer 2 outputs displacement in the X, Y, and Z directions with respect to time, and is stored in a file in a predetermined format as necessary.

  Further, the arithmetic unit 10 calculates the response of the entire model at each time when the output from the seismometer 2 is applied to the model as an external force using the individual element method. The response of the whole model is calculated by establishing an independent second-order ODE for each spring, approximating the difference, and solving it step-by-step in the time domain in a step-by-step manner. This is done by tracking.

That is, the increment [Δf _i ] _t between Δt from time (t−1) to (t) of the stress vector in the member coordinate system at time (t−1) between both ends of a certain spring (i) is expressed by time the increment of the displacement vector (t-1) from to (t) When [Δd _{i] t,}
[Δf _i ] _t = [K _i ] _t [Δd _i ] _t−1 where [K _i ] _t is given by the stiffness matrix of the spring (i),
The stress vector [f _i ] _{t at the} time (t) is given by [C _i ] _t as the damping matrix of the spring (i).
[f _i ] _t = [f _i ] _t-1 + [Δf _i ] _t + [C _i ] _t [Δd _i ] _t-1
Can be given by

Therefore, if the coordinate transformation matrix of the member coordinate system from the global coordinate system is [T _i ] _t , the stress vector [F _i ] _t in the global coordinate system at time _t is
[F _i ] _t = [T _i ] _t ^-1 [f _i ] _t
Given by

The calculation unit 10 first calculates the stress vector [F _i ] _t of the single spring for all the springs as described above, and then connects the stress vector acting on the node of the spring to the node. Calculated as the sum of spring stress vectors.

Thereafter, the stress vector at each contact point is numerically integrated by the Newmark β method (averaging speed method β = 1/4) to obtain the acceleration [a] _t , speed [v] _t , displacement at time (t). The increment [ΔD] _{t is obtained} for all nodes.

  The calculation of the stress vectors for all the springs described above and the calculation of the acceleration, velocity, and displacement increment that follow are repeated at predetermined time intervals until the end of the earthquake, that is, until the output of the seismometer 2 disappears.

  The stress vector contains a moment as a component, and based on the moment value at the end of the earthquake, the state where plasticization has started, the state where the maximum load has been exceeded and the negative gradient region has been reached, and the proof stress has been completely The lost state is distinguished, and the corresponding element is output to the display operation unit 11.

  The display operation unit 11 outputs the initial state of the model and, if necessary, the deformation state of the model based on the movement trajectory of each element to the display unit 4, and displays the damaged element such as plasticization on the display unit 4. For example, elements that have begun plasticization are displayed in yellow, elements that have exceeded the maximum load are displayed in orange, and elements that have completely lost proof stress are displayed in red.

  4A and 4B show display examples on the display unit 4, and FIG. 4A shows a state in which the analysis model stored in the model storage unit is displayed on the display unit 4 by the display calculation unit. When an earthquake occurs from this state and the output from the seismometer 2 exceeds a predetermined threshold, the simulation in the calculation unit is started, and as the simulation progresses, the analysis models become (b), (c), and ( It changes in the order of d).

  As described above, in the present example, the element which started plasticization is yellow (shown by hatching in FIG. 4), the element exceeding the maximum load is orange (shown by hitting points in FIG. 4), and the proof stress. Are completely lost (shown in black in FIG. 4).

  In the example shown in FIG. 4, with the progress of the earthquake, first, as shown in (b), plasticization and the maximum load excess occur in some members, and gradually as shown in (c). As the plasticization and the members exceeding the maximum load increase, a member with a loss of strength starts to occur. Thereafter, when the seismic motion further continues, as shown in FIG.

  As described above, the display calculation unit 11 not only indicates the damaged portion extracted by the calculation unit 10 but also collapses the displacement of the member calculated by the calculation unit 10 as shown in FIG. Include and display.

  Therefore, in this example, as shown in FIG. 4 (b) or (c), even if no change has occurred in the appearance, it is possible to know that there is a damaged portion in the invisible portion, Furthermore, by performing a simulation by giving a new assumed ground motion based on this state, it is possible to predict further collapse or the like when an earthquake occurs.

  Also, evacuation alarms from the house are provided under predetermined conditions during the simulation, for example, that a plasticized member has occurred, that the ratio of the plasticized member has reached a predetermined ratio, or that a member exceeding the maximum load has occurred. , It is possible to evacuate at an early stage before collapse.

  FIG. 5 shows a seismic building safety evaluation system 7 capable of performing a safety evaluation of a plurality of building sections 1 to be evaluated. The earthquake-resistant building safety evaluation system 7 in this example includes a seismometer 2 and an indoor device 8 arranged in the evaluation target building unit 1 and a simulation server 6 connected to each indoor device 8 via the Internet (N). It is composed of

  The indoor device 8 includes a control unit 12, a display unit 4 operated under the control of the control unit 12, and an input unit 13. The control unit 12 outputs an output of the seismometer 2 exceeding a preset seismic force. When it is detected that the input or output has been received by the input / output unit 13 from the simulation server 6 to be described later, the output of the seismometer 2 is input / output together with the house ID preset for each evaluation target building unit 1. It is set in the section 13 and transmitted to the simulation server 6.

  The simulation server 6 includes a control unit 6a, an input / output unit 6b, and a simulation unit 5. The simulation unit 5 includes a model storage unit 9, a calculation unit 10, and a display unit, as in the above-described embodiment. An operation unit 11 is included.

  The model storage unit 9 stores an analysis model corresponding to the building ID. When the control unit 6a detects that the input / output unit 6b has received the output of the seismometer 2, the control unit 6a responds from the corresponding building ID. The analysis model is extracted, and the calculation unit 10 starts the simulation.

  The simulation result in the arithmetic unit 10 is transmitted from the input / output unit 6b to the corresponding evaluation target building unit 1 and displayed on the display unit 4, and when a dangerous state is detected, an alarm device (not shown) is sounded. Let it.

  In the above, the case where the display operation unit 11 for displaying the analysis model on the display unit 4 is arranged in the simulation server 6 has been described, but the model display function is also arranged in the indoor unit 8 of the evaluation target building unit 1. Only the deteriorated member information extracted by the display operation unit 11 of the simulation server 6 and the displacement information of each member are transmitted to the indoor unit 8 and displayed on the display unit 4 of the indoor unit 8 including deformation and the like. You can also.

  In addition, if the model storage, the simulation calculation, and the extraction of the degraded members are performed by the simulation server 6 that is not affected by the earthquake, the earthquake-resistant building safety evaluation system 7 according to the present example, for example, sets the display unit 4 to the simulation server. Appropriate modifications such as addition are possible.

  Further, in each of the above-described embodiments, the case where the seismometer 2 and the simulation unit 5 are configured separately is shown. However, the above-described indoor device 8 of the building with the damage evaluation function at the time of earthquake and the seismometer 2 can be stored in the same housing 15 to constitute an earthquake-rated building safety evaluation device.

  That is, the earthquake-rated building safety evaluation device includes a model storage unit 9, a calculation unit 10, a simulation unit 5 including a display calculation unit 11, a display unit 4, and a seismometer 2, and a control unit 12 that controls these operations. And are formed by arranging them.

  In this case, as shown in FIG. 6, the size of the housing 15 is reduced by using, as the seismometer 2, a seismic-motion measuring unit 14 formed by a small acceleration sensor manufactured by MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical System) technology. be able to.

  With this configuration, for example, an acceleration sensor incorporated in a portable communication terminal device such as a smartphone can be used as the seismic-motion measuring unit 14, a memory can be used as the model storage unit 9, and simulation software can be installed in the memory. Thereby, the portable communication terminal device can be used as an earthquake-rated building safety evaluation device.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Evaluation target building part 2 Seismograph 3 Analysis unit 4 Display part 5 Simulation part 6 Server device 14 Earthquake motion measurement part

Claims (3)

The evaluation target building part which is a wooden building by the frame construction method ,
A seismometer that measures the ground motion applied to the building to be evaluated during an earthquake,
Applying the output from the seismometer to an analysis model in which the components of the evaluation target building part are modeled as stress-bearing elements during an earthquake, simulate the behavior due to seismic motion, and model components whose strength has deteriorated due to plasticization. An analysis unit to be extracted;
Having a display unit for displaying the model components whose strength has deteriorated,
In the analysis model, the frame is modeled by an elastic-plastic spring, the joint is an elastic-plastic spring and an elastic-plastic rotating spring, the vertical and horizontal structures are truss springs, and the bracing is modeled by a compression bracing spring and a tension bracing spring. Be composed,
The analysis unit is automatically started when an output from the seismometer exceeds a predetermined value, calculates a stress vector including a moment for each of the springs at a predetermined time as a component using a discrete element method, A building with a damage evaluation function during earthquakes that, after extracting the spring as an element of strength deterioration, emits an evacuation alarm when the plasticization of components that could lead to house collapse is confirmed . A seismometer installed in the building to be evaluated , which is a wooden building using the framing method ,
Applying the output from the seismometer to an analysis model in which the components of the evaluation target building part are modeled as stress-bearing elements during an earthquake, simulate the behavior due to seismic motion, and model components that have deteriorated in strength due to plasticization. A simulation unit to be extracted,
Having a display unit for displaying the model components whose strength has deteriorated,
In the analysis model, the frame is modeled by an elastic-plastic spring, the joint is an elastic-plastic spring and an elastic-plastic rotational spring, the vertical and horizontal surfaces are truss springs, and the bracing is modeled by a compression bracing spring and a tension bracing spring. Be composed,
The simulation unit is automatically started when an output from the seismometer exceeds a predetermined value, calculates a stress vector including a moment for each of the springs at a predetermined time as a component using a discrete element method, A safety evaluation system for earthquake-resistant buildings that extracts a spring after the construction as a factor of strength deterioration and sounds an evacuation alarm when plasticization of a component that leads to the danger of house collapse is confirmed .   The system according to claim 2, wherein the simulation unit is mounted on a server device connected to the seismograph via the Internet.

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