JP6664650B2 - Manufacturing method of molded object - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a shaped article using a powder bed fusion bonding method.

  2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, a powder bed fusion bonding method has attracted attention as a method for manufacturing ceramic members having complicated shapes, model products, or ceramic members of various types in small quantities. The powder bed fusion bonding method is a layered molding method using powder as a raw material, and a powder layer forming step of forming a powder layer having a thickness of several tens to several hundreds μm of the molding powder, and a powder layer thus formed. By selectively irradiating the cross-sectional shape of the three-dimensional object with a laser, an electron beam, or the like, and melting and solidifying or sintering the cross-sectional shape forming process. This is a method of manufacturing a product.

  However, since ceramics and metals have a higher melting point than resins, it is difficult to produce a shaped article by melting and solidifying or sintering these materials themselves. In addition, ceramics and some metals are difficult to plastically deform and have high thermal stress, so even if they can be melted and solidified or sintered, cracks and cracks are likely to occur in the molded product, and a good molded product It is difficult to get. Therefore, in the powder additive manufacturing of these ceramics and metals, first, a raw material powder containing a binder is laminated, and the binder is solidified by a laser or the like to form a compact, and then sintering is performed. ing.

  For example, Patent Literature 1 discloses a microsphere used in a powder-sintering lamination molding method including a thermoplastic resin and having an average particle diameter of 1 to 100 μm, and part or all of the surface of the microsphere is included. It describes a microsphere suitable for powder sintering additive manufacturing, which is coated with anti-agglomeration particles, has excellent slipperiness or fluidity, and can achieve a high filling rate.

  Further, in Patent Document 2, a material composed of 30 to 90% by weight of a synthetic resin powder and 10 to 70% by weight of an inorganic filler is spread on a powder layer, and irradiated with laser light to melt and solidify an irradiated portion. It is described that a three-dimensional model is produced by repeatedly performing powder layer development of a material and melting and solidification by laser light irradiation.

  Further, Patent Document 3 discloses a process of forming a resin-coated sand having a surface of sand particles coated with a thermosetting resin component in a powder layer, and irradiating a laser beam to form a cured layer having a required two-dimensional pattern. And a method of obtaining a three-dimensional structure by repeating the above. According to this method, even if the resin-coated sand formed on the powder layer is not preheated, the curing agent crosslinks the resin and becomes a thermosetting resin when irradiated with a laser beam. The dimensional pattern can be cured.

JP 2006-321711 A JP 2011-242649 A JP 2003-26647 A

However, in the conventional powder bed fusion bonding method using a ceramic or metal powder as a raw material, when a powder layer is heated by a laser or the like, a problem occurs in that a rapid change in temperature causes warpage or cracks in a formed object. there were. In order to solve this problem, it has been practiced to preheat the powder layer to near the melting point before irradiating with a laser or the like. However, in order to preheat the powder layer, it is necessary to heat the entire inside of the apparatus, which requires a lot of time and energy, resulting in a problem that the production speed is reduced and the cost is increased.
Further, in the method for manufacturing a molded article using a molding powder containing a curing agent and a resin described in Patent Document 3, a gas accompanying a thermosetting reaction is generated at the time of irradiation with laser light, and the gas is generated inside the molded article. There is a problem that defects occur.
The present invention has been made in view of the above-described conventional circumstances, and in a powder bed fusion bonding method, it is possible to form a shaped article without preheating a powder layer, and to generate a gas during laser beam irradiation. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a modeled object in which a defect is not generated inside the modeled object due to occurrence.

  The method for producing a shaped article of the present invention is a method for producing a shaped article using a powder bed fusion bonding method, wherein a thermoplastic binder having a melting point or a glass transition point of 20 ° C or more and 130 ° C or less, ceramics and / or A molding powder preparation step of mixing a metal raw material powder with a molding powder to form a molding powder; a powder layer forming step of forming a powder layer without preheating the molding powder on a molding stage; and And an irradiation step of irradiating the substrate with a laser beam to solidify it into a predetermined pattern shape.

In the method for producing a molded article according to the present invention, first, as a molding powder preparation step, a thermoplastic binder and a ceramic and / or metal raw material powder are mixed to form a molding powder. Then, as a powder layer forming step, a powder layer is formed without preheating the forming powder on the forming stage. Further, as an irradiation step, the powder layer is irradiated with laser light to be solidified into a predetermined pattern shape. Here, as the thermoplastic binder mixed with the molding powder constituting the powder layer, a material having a low melting point or a glass transition point of 20 ° C. or more and 130 ° C. or less is used. When the binder is melted by irradiating the laser beam, the temperature does not change so sharply, and the molded article is less likely to warp or crack. Therefore, it is not necessary to preheat the powder layer before irradiating it with a laser, etc., and it does not require much time and energy, thereby improving the production speed and reducing the production cost. it can.
Here, the thermoplastic binder means that it does not include a thermosetting binder which is cured by heating and does not include a curing agent for performing a crosslinking reaction. For this reason, unlike a thermosetting binder containing a curing agent, no gas is generated at the time of laser beam irradiation, and no defect occurs inside the molded article due to gas generation.

  As the ceramic and / or metal, at least one of a metal oxide, a metal non-oxide, and a metal can be used.

  The solidification step can be performed in an air atmosphere or an inert gas atmosphere. It is preferable to carry out the solidification step in an inert gas atmosphere because no chemical change occurs when ceramics or metals that react easily with oxygen are used. As the inert gas, argon, helium, nitrogen or the like can be used.

  According to the method for manufacturing a shaped object of the present invention, a shaped object can be created without preheating the powder layer, and a shaped object that does not cause defects inside the shaped object due to generation of gas at the time of laser light irradiation can be manufactured. Can be.

It is a schematic diagram of the molding powder used in the Example.

Hereinafter, embodiments embodying the present invention will be described.
(Modeling powder adjustment process)
The ceramic used as the raw material of the molding powder used in the method for producing a molded article of the present invention is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include metal oxides, metal nitrides, metal carbides, and composite oxides. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Examples of the metal which is a raw material of the molding powder of the present invention include silicon, aluminum, iron, stainless steel, titanium, and tungsten.

The metal oxide is not particularly limited, for example, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, silicon oxide, calcium oxide, titanium oxide, vanadium oxide, chromium oxide, manganese oxide, iron oxide, cobalt oxide, copper oxide, zinc oxide, yttrium oxide , Zirconium oxide, niobium oxide, molybdenum oxide, tantalum oxide, tungsten oxide, apatite, and the like.
Further, the metal nitride is not particularly limited, for example, aluminum nitride, silicon nitride, boron nitride, titanium nitride, vanadium nitride, chromium nitride, zirconium nitride, niobium nitride, tantalum nitride, and the like,
Further, the metal carbide is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include silicon carbide, titanium carbide, vanadium carbide, zirconium carbide, niobium carbide, molybdenum carbide, tantalum carbide, and tungsten carbide.
The composite oxide is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include cordierite, mullite, sialon, barium titanate, and strontium titanate.

  In addition, as a binder added to the molding powder, a binder that melts or softens when heated and has a melting point or a glass transition point of 20 ° C. or more and 130 ° C. or less is a crystalline organic material having a melting point. A compound, a non-crystalline organic compound having a glass transition point, or the like can be used. If the melting point or the glass transition point is 20 ° C. or more and 130 ° C. or less, the powder layer formed in the powder layer forming step is easily melted and solidified by irradiating a laser or an electron beam or the like. Since a model can be formed, it is not necessary to perform preheating.

Regardless of whether the thermoplastic binder is crystalline or amorphous, at least one selected from the group consisting of petroleum wax, fatty acids, fatty acid esters, and fatty acid amides can be used.
As the petroleum wax, any of paraffin wax, microcrystalline wax, and petrolatum specified by Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS K2235) can be used. Preferably, the carbon chain is a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon having a straight-chain structure and has 18 to 35 carbon atoms, and more preferably 20 to 30 carbon atoms.
The fatty acid is not particularly limited by the shape of the carbon chain, the number of carbon atoms, and the bonding state of the carbon chain (saturated or unsaturated), but is preferably a saturated fatty acid having a straight-chain carbon chain. And those having 10 to 25 carbon atoms are preferable, and those having 15 to 20 carbon atoms are more preferable.
Further, the fatty acid ester is not particularly limited by the shape of the carbon chain of the fatty acid and the alcohol, the number of carbon atoms, and the bonding state (saturated or unsaturated) of the carbon chain, but preferably the carbon chain has a linear structure. Is preferably a saturated fatty acid ester having a carbon atom number of 10 or more and 25 or less, more preferably 15 or more and 20 or less.
The fatty acid amide is not particularly limited by the shape of the carbon chain of the fatty acid, the number of carbon atoms, or the bonding state of the carbon chain (saturated or unsaturated), but preferably the carbon chain has a linear structure. Is preferably a saturated fatty acid amide having 10 to 25 carbon atoms, and more preferably 15 to 20 carbon atoms.
Further, as polyvinyl acetal, polyvinyl butyral may be mentioned. Polyvinyl butyral has a molecular weight of 1.0 × 10 ⁴ or more and 20.0 × 10 ⁴ , preferably 1.5 × 10 ⁴ or more and 10.0 × 10 ⁴ .

  Further, the melting point or glass transition point of the thermoplastic binder, if less than 20 ℃, can not be used to easily start melting of the thermoplastic binder at the time of handling, if it exceeds 130 ℃, requires preheating at the time of molding, It is necessary to be in the range of 20 ° C. or more and 130 ° C. or less. Preferably it is 30 to 120 degreeC, More preferably, it is 40 to 110 degreeC. Further, two or more kinds of thermoplastic binders may be used as a mixture, or a crystalline thermoplastic binder and an amorphous thermoplastic binder may be used as a mixture.

Further, the Hausner ratio of the molding powder is preferably from 1.10 to 1.40, more preferably from 1.10 to 1.30, and more preferably from 1.11 to 1.20. Most preferred. When the Hausner ratio is less than 1.10, the fluidity of the molding powder is excellent, so that the layer is likely to be disordered when the powder layer is formed. On the other hand, when the Hausner ratio exceeds 1.40, the fluidity of the molding powder becomes poor, and the layer is likely to be disturbed when the powder layer is formed.
The Hausner ratio refers to a value obtained by calculating the values of the quiet density and the tap density of the molding powder using the following equation (1). Here, the bulk density is the density of the powder when the molding powder is gently placed in a container, and refers to a value measured according to JIS-R1628.
In addition, the tap density refers to the density of the powder when the volume change is eliminated after the shaping powder is put into a container and the container is subjected to an impact by tapping, and the number of taps is 200 times according to JIS-K5101. Means the value when

  The modeling powder preferably has a single or plural particle size distribution peaks in a range of 10 μm to 500 μm, more preferably 20 μm to 300 μm, and most preferably 30 μm to 100 μm. When the particle size distribution peak of the molding powder is 10 μm or more, the fluidity is excellent, and the accuracy in forming the powder layer is improved. If the particle size distribution peak of the molding powder is 500 μm or less, the produced molded article has excellent strength. The particle size distribution of the molding powder is not particularly limited in the measuring method, but can be measured by, for example, a dry laser diffraction / scattering type particle size distribution meter or a distribution measurement by photographing and image analysis.

The value obtained by dividing the volume of the thermoplastic binder by the surface area of the ceramic and / or metal raw material powder is preferably from 0.03 μm to 3.00 μm, and more preferably from 0.04 μm to 1.00 μm. When the value obtained by dividing the volume of the thermoplastic binder by the surface area of the raw material powder is less than 0.03 μm, the strength of the solidified body of the molding powder due to heating becomes small. If it exceeds 3.00 μm, the content of the thermoplastic binder is too large, and the dimensional accuracy of the molded article may be reduced due to melting of the thermoplastic binder during heating. The surface area of the raw material powder is not particularly limited in the measuring method. For example, after measuring the specific surface area by a surface area analyzer using a gas adsorption method, the surface area can be calculated using the equation (2). it can.
The volume of the thermoplastic binder can be calculated from Equation (3) from the weight of the thermoplastic binder and the density of the thermoplastic binder.

  The molding powder can be produced by mixing a ceramic and / or metal raw material powder and a thermoplastic binder. The mixing method includes a dry method (a method of mixing the raw material powder and the thermoplastic binder in a dry manner) and a wet method (a method in which the raw material powder and the thermoplastic binder are dispersed in a wet solvent, or in which the dissolved thermoplastic binder is mixed with the raw material powder). After the mixing, the solvent is removed, and the thermoplastic binder is fixed to the particle surface of the raw material powder by mixing. Examples of the dry mixing method include a mixing method using a ball mill or a V-type mixer. In the case of wet mixing, a solution in which a binder is dispersed is mixed with a raw material powder, and then a spray drying method in which heating is sprayed and dried, or a solvent is used. And a method in which the solvent dissolved in the binder is removed under heating and reduced pressure to remove the solvent. In the case of mixing by a wet method, when a thermoplastic binder dispersed in a solvent is used, the solvent is removed at a temperature lower than the melting point of the thermoplastic binder after mixing with the raw material powder, so that the thermoplastic binder is dispersed particles. In a state, the solvent is removed at a temperature higher than the melting point of the dispersed thermoplastic binder, or the thermoplastic binder is applied to the particle surface of the raw material powder when the thermoplastic binder dissolved in the solvent is used. Adsorbed in film form.

(Powder layer forming step)
As the powder layer forming step in the manufacturing method of the molded article of the present invention, a method of moving the blade or the like to spread the powder on the powder layer, a method of moving the rotating roller to spread the powder on the powder layer, a reverse rotation And developing the powder into a powder layer by moving the roller.

(Irradiation process)
In the irradiation step, examples of a laser for irradiating the powder layer include a CO ₂ laser, a fiber laser, a YAG laser, an excimer laser, a He—Cd laser, and a semiconductor-excited solid laser. Among them, the CO ₂ laser can be easily controlled and can be particularly preferably used. One of these lasers can be used alone, or two or more can be used in combination.
The laser beam irradiation may be performed in a gas such as helium, nitrogen, or argon, or in the atmosphere. By using an inert gas as the atmosphere, it is possible to prevent the molding powder from being oxidized and corroded, and to prevent deformation of the molded article due to overheating due to laser beam irradiation.

[Example 1]
15 parts by weight of stearic acid was dissolved in 100 parts by weight of alumina coarse powder (particle size distribution peak 41 μm) in warm ethanol (50 ° C.) and mixed with alumina coarse powder. The ethanol was removed under heating and reduced pressure, and pulverized. Coarse particles were removed through a 100 μm sieve to obtain a molding powder of Example 1.

[Example 2]
Alumina coarse powder and stearic acid emulsion such that the solid component in the stearic acid emulsion (solid component 30% by weight, solvent: water) is 20 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the alumina coarse powder (particle size distribution peak 41 μm). Was mixed. The mixed aqueous solution was dried at room temperature and pulverized. Coarse particles were removed through a 100 μm sieve to obtain a molding powder of Example 2.

[Examples 3 to 11]
15 parts by weight of stearic acid coarse particle powder (particle size distribution peak 125 μm) is mixed with 100 parts by weight of alumina coarse particle powder (particle size distribution peak 31 μm) using a V-type mixer (VM-2: manufactured by Tsutsui Rikakiki Co., Ltd.) did. Coarse particles were removed through a 250 μm sieve to obtain a molding powder of Example 3.
Further, in Example 4, polyvinyl butyral coarse powder (particle size distribution peak 55 μm) was used as the thermoplastic binder, in Example 5, behenyl ester coarse powder (particle size distribution peak 76 μm) was used, and other conditions were the same as those in Example 3. In the same manner as in the above, a molding powder was obtained.
Further, in Example 6, silicon coarse powder (particle size distribution peak 23 μm), in Example 7, silica coarse powder (particle size distribution peak 46 μm), in Example 8, mullite coarse powder (particle size distribution peak 15 μm), and in Example 9, Using zirconia coarse powder (particle size distribution peak 28 μm), silicon carbide coarse powder (particle size distribution peak 26 μm) in Example 10, and silicon carbide coarse powder (particle size distribution peak 43 μm) in Example 11, A molding powder was obtained in the same manner as in Example 3.

[Examples 12 to 15]
1 part by weight of a dispersant (A6114, manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd.) and 25 parts by weight of water were added to 100 parts by weight of alumina fine powder (particle size distribution peak: 0.5 μm), and an aqueous emulsion of various thermoplastic binders (Example 12) In Example 13, an emulsion of microcrystalline wax, an emulsion of stearic acid in Example 13, an emulsion of paraffin wax in Example 14, and an emulsion of stearic acid amide in Example 15) were used. The mixture was mixed to 20 parts by weight. The mixed aqueous solution was prepared and granulated with a spray dryer (spray dryer ADL311S: manufactured by Yamato Scientific Co., Ltd.) so that the granulated particle diameter became about 30 μm. Coarse particles were removed through a 100 μm sieve to obtain molding powders of Examples 12 to 15.

[Example 16]
The solid component of the stearic acid emulsion (solid component 30% by weight, solvent: water) was mixed to 20 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the alumina fine powder (particle size distribution peak 0.5 μm). The mixed aqueous solution was dried at room temperature, and coarse particles were removed through a 100 μm sieve to obtain a molding powder of Example 16.

[Example 17]
70 parts by weight of alumina coarse powder (particle size distribution peak 12 μm) and 30 parts by weight of alumina fine powder (particle size distribution peak 0.5 μm) were mixed, and a dispersant (A6114, Toa Gosei) was mixed with 100 parts by weight of the mixed alumina raw material powder. 1 part by weight (produced by Co., Ltd.) and 25 parts by weight of water were added and mixed so that the solid component of the stearic acid emulsion (solid component: 30% by weight, solvent: water) was 20 parts by weight. The mixed aqueous solution was prepared and granulated with a spray dryer (spray dryer ADL311S: manufactured by Yamato Scientific Co., Ltd.) so that the granulated particle diameter became about 30 μm. Coarse particles were removed through a 100 μm sieve to obtain a molding powder of Example 17.

[Example 18]
80 parts by weight of alumina coarse powder (particle size distribution peak 31 μm) and 20 parts by weight of alumina fine powder (particle size distribution peak 0.5 μm) were mixed, and 100 parts by weight of the mixed alumina raw material powder was mixed with stearic acid emulsion (solid component 30). (% By weight, solvent: water) was mixed so as to be 20 parts by weight. The mixed aqueous solution was dried at room temperature and pulverized, and coarse particles were removed through a 100-μm sieve to obtain a molding powder of Example 18.

[Example 19]
1 part by weight of a dispersant (A6114, manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd.) and 30 parts by weight of water are added to 100 parts by weight of alumina fine powder (particle size distribution peak: 0.5 μm), and stearic acid emulsion (solid component: 30% by weight, solvent: : Water) was mixed such that the thermoplastic binder solid component was 30 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of alumina fine powder. The mixed aqueous solution was granulated with a spray dryer (spray dryer ADL311S: manufactured by Yamato Scientific Co., Ltd.). Coarse particles were removed through a 100 μm sieve to produce a granulated powder. Alumina coarse powder (particle size distribution peak: 31 μm) is blended in 20 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the prepared granulated powder, and mixed by a V-type mixer (VM-2: manufactured by Tsutsui Rikakiki Co., Ltd.). did. Coarse particles were removed through a 100 μm sieve to obtain a molding powder of Example 19.

[Comparative Example 1]
100 parts by weight of alumina coarse powder (particle size distribution peak: 31 μm) and 10 parts by weight of nylon resin coarse powder (particle size distribution peak: 50 μm) are mixed by a V-type mixer (VM-2: manufactured by Tsutsui Rikakiki Co., Ltd.). did. Coarse particles were removed through a 100 μm sieve to obtain a molding powder of Comparative Example 1.

[Comparative Example 2]
100 parts by weight of alumina coarse powder (particle size distribution peak 31 μm) was mixed with 10 parts by weight of a polypropylene resin powder using a V-type mixer (VM-2: manufactured by Tsutsui Rikakiki Co., Ltd.). Coarse particles were removed through a 100 μm sieve to obtain a molding powder of Comparative Example 2.

  The molding powders of Examples 1 to 19 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 obtained as described above were not preheated using a powder bed fusion bonding apparatus (Rafael 300: manufactured by Aspect Co., Ltd.), and the laser power was 10 W. A model was produced.

<Evaluation>
The following measurements were carried out on the molding powders of Examples 1 to 19 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 prepared as described above, and the molded articles produced thereby. The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
[Measurement of thermoplastic binder content]
Using a thermal analyzer (TG8120: manufactured by Rigaku Corporation), the material is heated to 1000 ° C. in the atmosphere to burn the thermoplastic binder, and the content of the thermoplastic binder (g) is calculated from the weight loss, and the content of the raw material powder is calculated from the residual weight ( g) was calculated.
[Measurement of melting point of thermoplastic binder]
The DTA curve was determined from the DTA curve using a thermal analyzer (TG8120: manufactured by Rigaku Corporation).
[Measurement of glass transition point of thermoplastic binder]
Judgment was made from the DSC curve using a thermal analyzer (SDT Q600: manufactured by TA Instruments Japan Co., Ltd.).
[Measurement of Hausner ratio]
The quietness density and tap density of the powder were measured and calculated using the above-described equation (1).
[Measurement of particle size distribution]
It was measured by a dry laser diffraction / scattering particle size analyzer (MT3000, manufactured by Microtrack Bell).
[Surface of raw powder]
The specific surface area was measured using a surface area analyzer (AUTOSORB-3: manufactured by Yuasa Ionics Co., Ltd.), and calculated using the above-described equation (2).
[Volume of thermoplastic binder]
From the weight of the thermoplastic binder in the molding powder and the density of the thermoplastic binder, the volume was calculated using the above-described formula (3).
[Preparation of molded object]
A molded product (3 mm × 5 mm × 70 mm) was produced without preheating in the atmosphere using a powder bed fusion device (Rafael 300, light source: laser of CO ₂ , manufactured by Aspect Co., Ltd.).

As shown in Table 1, in Examples 1 to 11 using a thermoplastic binder having a low melting point (glass transition point in the case of amorphous), if the step of forming a powder layer is performed one or more times, no preheating is performed. In addition, it was possible to produce a shaped article by a powder bed fusion method. In addition, no gas was generated during laser light irradiation.
On the other hand, in Comparative Examples 1 and 2 using a high melting point thermoplastic binder, if the molding is performed without preheating the powder layer, warpage or cracks occur in the molded object, and a normal molded object may be created. could not.

  As shown in Table 2, when using the molding powders of Examples 12 to 19, without performing preheating of the powder layer, if the powder layer forming step is performed one or more times, without preheating, It was possible to produce a shaped article by the powder bed fusion method. It was possible to make a model. In addition, no gas was generated during laser irradiation.

<Structure of molding powder>
FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram obtained as a result of observing the molding powder of the example with a scanning electron microscope. The meaning of the wording in FIG. 1 is shown below.
Coarse powder: Raw material powder having a particle size distribution peak in the range of 10 μm or more and 400 μm or less.
Fine powder: a raw material powder having a particle size distribution peak in the range of 0.1 μm or more and less than 10 μm.
-Powder particle shape: A molding powder produced by dry mixing, and indicates that the raw material powder and the particles of the thermoplastic binder are in different particle states.
Film form: a molding powder produced by wet mixing, in which the raw material powder and the thermoplastic binder are contained in the molding powder particles, and the thermoplastic binder is melted and solidified.
・ Dispersed particle form: Modeling powder produced by wet mixing, in which the raw material powder and thermoplastic binder are contained in the molding powder particles, and the emulsified thermoplastic binder particles are adsorbed or partially dissolved on the surface of the raw material powder. Is shown.

  The present invention is not limited to the description of the embodiments and examples of the above invention. Various modifications are included in the present invention without departing from the scope of the claims and within the scope of those skilled in the art.

Claims (3)

A method for producing a shaped article using a powder bed fusion bonding method,
A thermoplastic binder having a melting point or a glass transition point of not less than 20 ° C. and not more than 130 ° C. and a raw material powder of ceramics and / or metal are mixed so as to form a molding powder having a Hausner ratio of 1.11 or more and 1.20 or less. Perform the molding powder preparation process to
A powder layer forming step of forming a powder layer without preheating the molding powder on a molding stage,
An irradiation step of irradiating the powder layer with laser light to solidify it into a predetermined pattern shape,
And a method for producing a modeled object by repeating the process.   The method according to claim 1, wherein the ceramic and / or metal is at least one selected from the group consisting of a metal oxide, a metal non-oxide, and a metal.   The method according to claim 1, wherein the solidifying step is performed in an air atmosphere or an inert gas atmosphere.