JP6641083B2 - Tile construction method and exterior wall tiled structure - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a tile construction method using a polymer cement-based elastic adhesive excellent in deformation followability and workability, and an outer wall tiled structure.

  Up to now, when attaching tiles to the outer walls of building structures, it has been common to attach them using cement mortar. When the jointing material is applied after the tiles are attached, there is a tendency to adjust the amount of the mortar sticking out around the tiles in order to facilitate the installation. Therefore, if the adhesion to the tile is insufficient, the tile will peel off due to aging. The stress applied to the tile mortar includes a differential movement caused by expansion and contraction of tiles due to a temperature difference between daytime and nighttime, deformation due to earthquake, and the like. Due to these effects, the rainwater penetrates due to cracks generated at the interface between the tile attaching mortar itself and the concrete of the tile frame, and the expansion of the cracks and the expansion of the delamination occur due to the freezing of water. As a countermeasure, a construction method has been devised in which a mesh sheet is constructed after tile mortar construction, a tile mortar is constructed again, and tile construction is performed (Patent Documents 1 and 2). However, in this method, there is a possibility that the mesh sheet constructed in the tile-attached mortar becomes a peeling surface. In addition, the structure of the back surface of the tile becomes complicated, and there is a possibility that the adhesion to the tile is reduced.

  Also, in order to improve the ability to follow the expansion and contraction of the tile due to the temperature difference between daytime and nighttime and the deformation of the building due to the earthquake, a method of constructing the tile with an organic elastic adhesive has been proposed (Patent Document 3, Patent Document 3). 4). However, this method has a problem that when the tile is constructed with an organic material, if the moisture content of the skeleton concrete is high, sufficient adhesion strength cannot be obtained. After construction, even if rainwater permeates into the back of the tile or the moisture content of the skeleton concrete increases, the adhesion strength to the tile or skeleton concrete may be reduced.

  In addition, as a method of ground treatment, a method has been devised in which high-pressure jet water is sprayed onto the skeleton concrete with a spraying machine equipped with a special nozzle to perform coarsening, and then tiles are laid with mortar. (Patent Document 5). However, in general, the concrete surface of the frame is not finished smoothly due to the influence of the formwork. In order to finish the tile surface smoothly, it is necessary to smooth the concrete surface of the skeleton, and consequently, the foundation adjustment is performed with the mortar attached with tiles. Although the number of materials can be reduced, the number of steps is not reduced. If it takes time for roughening with a special spraying machine, the construction period may be extended.

JP 2013-2218 A JP 2012-241371 A JP-A-7-139124 JP 2012-117266 A JP 2004-92216 A

As described above, when the mesh sheet is provided inside the tile-attached mortar, the bending rigidity is improved, but the mesh sheet may become a peeling interface. In addition, the organic elastic adhesive has deformation followability and durability against repeated stress due to expansion and contraction of tiles, and furthermore, it is hard to cause thermal deterioration, but there is a possibility that adhesion strength may be reduced due to penetration of rainwater.
In addition, the surface treatment method of roughening the skeleton concrete with high-pressure jet water with a spraying machine using a special nozzle improves the adhesion strength between the mortar and the mortar concrete, but it does not lead to simplification of the construction method If the mortar is not deformable, long-term adhesion durability may not be obtained.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a tile construction method and an outer wall tiled structure that can obtain long-term adhesion durability without tile peeling and floating even under the influence of environmental conditions and deformation due to earthquake. It is in.

  The inventors of the present invention have conducted various studies on the tile construction method and the outer wall tiling structure. As a result, (1) a foundation treatment is applied to the skeleton concrete, and then (2) a foundation adjustment mortar (a) containing cement, polymer, etc. (3) a step of subjecting the surface of the base adjustment mortar (a) to a base treatment again, (4) a step of setting a tile with an elastic adhesive (b) containing cement, fiber, polymer, etc., (5) further It has been found that if the step of applying the joint material (c) containing cement, alkali-resistant fiber, polymer and the like is performed, excellent long-term adhesion durability can be obtained.

  That is, the present invention provides the following [1] to [5].

[1] A tile construction method characterized by sequentially performing the following steps (1) to (5).
(1) a step of applying a foundation treatment to the skeleton concrete,
(2) a step of applying a cement, a fine aggregate containing a lightweight fine aggregate having a particle diameter of 1 to 3 mm, a base adjustment mortar (a) containing a water retention agent and a polymer,
(3) a step of subjecting the surface of the base adjustment mortar (a) to a base treatment again;
(4) a step of setting a tile with an elastic adhesive (b) containing cement, lightweight fine aggregate made of organic material, ordinary fine aggregate, a water retention agent, fiber and polymer;
(5) A step of applying a joint material (c) containing cement, ordinary fine aggregate, a water retention agent, an alkali-resistant fiber, and a polymer to joints provided between tiles.
[2] The tile construction method according to [1], wherein the foundation treatment applied to the skeleton concrete is water spraying or application of an aqueous polymer dispersion.
[3] The tile construction method according to [1] or [2], wherein the joint material (c) further contains at least one selected from a high performance water reducing agent or a high performance AE water reducing agent and a water repellent.
[4] The tile construction according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the mass ratio (fiber / polymer) of the alkali-resistant fiber and the polymer in the joint material (c) is 0.25 to 1.6. Method.
[5] An outer wall tiled structure having the following layers (A), (B), (C), (D) and (E) in order from the side in contact with the skeleton as the skeleton concrete outer wall.
(A) a base treatment layer,
(B) cement, fine aggregates containing lightweight fine aggregate particle size 1 to 3 mm, base adjustment mortar layer containing the water retention agent and port Rimmer,
(C) a base treatment layer,
(D) cement, an organic material lightweight fine aggregate, ordinary fine aggregate, a water retention agent, an elastic adhesive layer containing fibers and polymers,
(E) A joint material layer containing cement, ordinary fine aggregate, a water retention agent, alkali-resistant fiber and polymer.

  According to the present invention, a base treatment is applied even under the influence of environmental conditions or deformation due to an earthquake, then a base adjustment mortar (a) is applied, and after curing, the base treatment is applied again, and the elastic adhesive (b) By applying a joint material (c) containing a fiber and a polymer, long-term adhesion durability can be obtained. It is useful for the construction of exterior wall tiles for apartment houses, hospitals, public structures, etc. where long-term adhesion durability is required.

The conceptual diagram (comparative example) of the outer wall tile structure obtained without base treatment is shown. A conceptual diagram (comparative example) of an outer wall tile structure in which an outer wall is laid with a base adjustment mortar without using an elastic adhesive is shown. A conceptual diagram of an exterior wall tile structure in which a foundation adjustment mortar is applied to a part of skeleton concrete and tiled with an elastic adhesive is shown. A conceptual diagram of an exterior wall tile structure in which a foundation adjustment mortar is applied to the entire surface of a skeleton concrete and tiled with an elastic adhesive is shown. The conceptual diagram of the exterior wall tile structure which used the elastic adhesive as a base adjustment mortar and laid the tile again with the elastic adhesive is shown. The outline of the bending strength test is shown below. An outline of the split tensile strength test is shown below. FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal sectional view of an adhesion test specimen. The outline of the deformation following test is shown below.

  According to the tile construction method of the present invention, (1) a step of applying a foundation treatment to a skeleton concrete, and then (2) a foundation adjustment mortar containing a cement, a fine aggregate containing a lightweight fine aggregate, a water retention agent and a polymer (a) (3) a step of re-priming the surface of the base adjustment mortar (a); (4) an elastic adhesive containing cement, lightweight fine aggregate, ordinary fine aggregate, fiber and polymer (b) )), And (5) a step of applying a joint material (c) containing cement, ordinary fine aggregate, a water retention agent, an alkali-resistant fiber and a polymer to joints provided between the tiles. Features.

  In the base treatment in the step (1) of the present invention, it is preferable to spray water or a polymer dispersion as the base treatment in order to prevent the moisture of the base preparation mortar (a) from being taken out excessively by the concrete and drying out. . As such a base treatment, a polymer dispersion treatment is more preferable from the viewpoint of a dryout prevention effect.

As the polymer dispersion, preferably ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, or a polyacrylic acid ester and the like as a main component, for example, Pacific Material Co., Ltd. manufactured by "Pacific Tofcon E", "Pacific mole hit emulsion" and diluted Can be used. The standard of the dilution ratio is preferably 3 to 8 times from the viewpoint of the water absorption adjustment effect. Further, it is preferably 4 to 7 times. The standard of the coating amount is preferably 100 to 150 g / m ² from the viewpoint of the water absorption adjustment effect and the adhesion. In addition, any polymer dispersion other than those described above may be used as long as it can be used for construction or mortar / concrete.

  The base preparation mortar (a) used in the step (2) of the present invention contains cement, fine aggregate including lightweight fine aggregate, a water retention agent, fibers and a polymer.

  As the cement, Portland cement such as ordinary Portland cement and early-strength Portland cement, and mixed cement such as blast furnace cement and fly ash cement can be used.

The fine aggregate may be any fine aggregate including a lightweight fine aggregate, and may include only the lightweight fine aggregate, or may include a lightweight fine aggregate and a normal fine aggregate. Examples of ordinary fine aggregate include fine aggregate such as silica sand and limestone. Examples of the lightweight fine aggregate include polyethylene vinyl acetate foam, perlite, slaglite and the like. In the case of the base adjustment mortar (a), it is preferable to use a fine aggregate having a maximum particle size of more than 0.09 mm from the viewpoint of preventing cracks due to drying shrinkage and peeling. When an aggregate having a thickness of less than 0.09 mm is used, cracks due to drying shrinkage tend to occur when the thickness is 10 mm or more. The preferred aggregate maximum particle size in the case of construction of 5 mm or more is 3 mm, and more preferably 2.5 mm.
In the case of the foundation adjustment mortar (a), considering the construction efficiency, the foundation adjustment mortar (a) containing the lightweight fine aggregate having a particle diameter of 1 to 3 mm in the fine aggregate depending on the construction thickness of the step (2) is used. Is preferred. When the construction thickness is less than 5 mm, the base adjustment mortar (a) in which the maximum particle size of the aggregate is 1.2 mm or less is preferable.
The lightweight fine aggregate is preferably used in an amount of 2 to 10 parts by mass, more preferably 3 to 9 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the cement. When a fine aggregate containing a lightweight fine aggregate is used, the compounding amount of the lightweight fine aggregate is preferably 2.0 to 7.0% by mass based on the total fine aggregate.

As the water retention agent, a water-soluble cellulose derivative is preferable. Preferred examples of the water-soluble cellulose derivative include methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, hydroxyethylmethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, and cellulose sulfate.
The water retaining agent is preferably used in an amount of 0.09 to 0.20 part by mass, more preferably 0.12 to 0.18 part by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the cement.

As the polymer, one or more selected from a surface hydrophilic polymer and a surface hydrophobic polymer can be used. Specifically, epoxy resin, polyacrylate, styrene butadiene copolymer, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, styrene acrylic copolymer, vinyl acetate / vinyl versatate copolymer, vinyl acetate / vinyl versatate / Acrylic acid ester copolymer as an active ingredient.
The polymer is preferably used in an amount of 1.3 to 4.3 parts by mass, more preferably 1.5 to 4.0 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the cement. When the surface hydrophilic polymer and the surface hydrophobic polymer are used in combination, the ratio of surface hydrophobic polymer / surface hydrophilic polymer is preferably 0.18 to 0.43.

  In addition, in addition to the above components, the base adjustment mortar (a) contains 0.10 to 0.30 parts by mass of a water repellent and / or 0.10 to 0.25 parts by mass of a fiber with respect to 100 parts by mass of cement. Is preferable.

  The foundation adjustment mortar (a) can be applied immediately after the foundation treatment in step (1) or after drying.

  After curing of the base adjustment mortar (a), a base treatment is performed again on the surface of the base adjustment mortar (a) as step (3). In the base treatment in the step (2), water or a polymer dispersion can be sprayed similarly to the base treatment in the step (1). Also in the base treatment in the step (2), the polymer dispersion treatment is preferable from the viewpoint of the dryout prevention effect.

  In the present invention, after performing the base treatment of the step (2), the elastic adhesive (b) containing the cement, the lightweight fine aggregate, the ordinary fine aggregate, the water retention agent, the fiber and the polymer is then processed as the step (4). ) Can improve the adhesion durability.

  Tiling using the elastic adhesive (b) can be performed immediately after the base treatment in the step (3) or can be performed after drying.

  The elastic adhesive (b) used in the present invention contains cement as a hardening component. As the cement of the present invention, commercially available Portland cement can be used. For example, ordinary Portland cement, early-strength Portland cement, moderate heat Portland cement, sulfate-resistant Portland cement and the like can be used. In addition, special cements such as mixed cements such as blast furnace cement and silica cement, white cements and jet cements can also be used.

  The fine aggregate used for the elastic adhesive (b) used in the present invention includes lightweight fine aggregate and ordinary fine aggregate. Examples of the ordinary fine aggregate include quartz sand, cold water stone, lime sand, river sand, land sand, crushed sand and the like. The particle size of the fine aggregate is preferably 1.2 to 0.09 mm. The coarse particle ratio is preferably from 1.4 to 1.9. The blending amount of the fine aggregate (lightweight fine aggregate and ordinary fine aggregate) is preferably 71 to 115 parts by mass, and more preferably 71 to 100 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of cement from the viewpoint of strength development and deformation followability. More preferably, it is 85 to 100 parts by mass.

  As the lightweight fine aggregate used for the elastic adhesive (b) used in the present invention, a lightweight fine aggregate made of an organic material, in particular, a lightweight fine aggregate having a high porosity for imparting heat insulation and anti-modification is used. preferable. For example, a lightweight fine aggregate having a porosity of 40 to 90% is preferable. A specific example is an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer foam. The particle size of the lightweight fine aggregate is preferably 0.09 to 1.0 mm from the viewpoint of workability and strength.

  The compounding amount of the lightweight fine aggregate is preferably 1.0 to 8.0% by mass based on the total fine aggregate from the viewpoint of deformation followability, adhesion to the tile, bending strength, and adhesion to the skeleton concrete. , More preferably 1.0 to 7.6% by mass, and still more preferably 5.6 to 7.6% by mass.

As the water retention agent to be used, a water-soluble cellulose derivative is preferable. Preferred examples of the water-soluble cellulose derivative include methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, hydroxyethylmethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, and cellulose sulfate.
The water retention agent is preferably used in an amount of 0.15 to 0.35 parts by mass, more preferably 0.22 to 0.33 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the cement.

  The fiber that can be used for the elastic adhesive (b) preferably has a fiber length of 1 mm or more and 10 mm or less. That is, in order to simultaneously improve the adhesion to the tile, the ability to follow the deformation, and the workability of the iron, it is necessary to use a fiber having a fiber length of 1 mm or more and 10 mm or less, which is useful for preventing sagging and improving the amount of deformation at break. It is effective. Commercially available fibers include short fibers and convergent fibers, both of which can be used. Such fibers desirably have alkali resistance, and include organic fibers and glass fibers that are miscible with mortar, and may be used in combination. Nylon, polypropylene, polyester, acrylic, and the like can be used as the organic fibers.

  As the polymer to be used, a re-emulsifiable powder resin and a polymer dispersion can be used. As the re-emulsifying type powder resin, those specified in JIS A 6203 can be used, and as the polymer dispersion, those also specified in JIS A 6203 can be used. That is, as the re-emulsifying type powder resin, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, vinyl acetate / vinyl versatate copolymer, vinyl acetate / vinyl versatate / acrylate copolymer, polyacrylate, etc. are mainly used. A powdery resin as a component can be used. The method for producing the re-emulsified powder resin is not limited, and the resin may be produced by any method such as a powdering method and a blocking prevention method. In addition, as the polymer dispersion, a resin containing ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyacrylate, styrene-butadiene copolymer, or the like as a main component can be used. Further, two or more of these polymers can be used in combination.

  The mixing amount of the polymer is 2.00 to 6.70 mass in terms of solid content with respect to 100 mass parts of cement from the viewpoints of adhesion to the skeleton concrete and the tile, conformability to deformation, viscosity, and workability (prevention of tile displacement). Parts by mass, more preferably 2.00 to 5.00 parts by mass.

  When two or more polymers are used in combination, it is preferable to use an acrylic resin containing polyacrylate as a main component for improving deformation followability. The mass ratio of the acrylic resin in the polymer (acrylic resin / total polymer) is preferably from 0.13 to 1.00. More preferably, it is 0.14 to 0.50.

  In the present invention, the tile is attached with the elastic adhesive (b) in the step (4), and after the elastic adhesive (b) is cured, the joint material (c) is then applied to the joint provided between the tiles in the step (5). Execute.

The joint material (c) used in the present invention contains cement, ordinary fine aggregate, a water retention agent, alkali-resistant fibers and a polymer. It is preferable that the fine aggregate has a maximum particle size of 600 μm, since the polymer contains the polymer so that excellent workability can be obtained and water absorption can be suppressed. Further, the fine aggregate preferably has a particle size of 88 μm or less of 15 to 70 mass%. In order to improve crack resistance and suppress water absorption, the mass ratio of the alkali-resistant fiber to the polymer is preferably from 0.25 to 1.60.
With such a configuration, crack resistance can be improved, water absorption can be suppressed low, and durability can be improved when used as a joint material for large tiles.

  There is no limitation on the cement used for the joint material (c) used in the present invention. White cement, alumina cement blast furnace cement A, B, C, fly ash cement A, B, C, silica cement A, B, C, ultra-fast cement, etc. Can be used. In consideration of design, white cement is preferred.

  As the ordinary fine aggregate used for the joint material (c) used in the present invention, silica sand, lime sand, river sand, mountain sand, sea sand, crushed sand and the like having a maximum particle size of 600 μm can be used. Blast furnace slow-cooled slag aggregate, sewage sludge slag, municipal waste slag, and the like can be used. The amount of the ordinary fine aggregate is preferably 150 to 400 parts by mass, more preferably 200 to 400 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of cement, from the viewpoints of workability, prevention of increase in mixing water amount, prevention of cracking, and wiping properties. Parts, more preferably 210 to 400 parts by mass.

  The water retention agent used for the joint material (c) used in the present invention may be any water-soluble derivative of cellulose, for example, alkyl cellulose such as methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, and propyl cellulose; carboxyalkyl cellulose such as carboxymethyl cellulose; hydroxyethyl cellulose; Hydroxyalkyl cellulose such as propylcellulose; hydroxyalkyl / alkylcellulose such as hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and hydroxyethylmethylcellulose; and cellulose esters such as cellulose sulfate. Of these, alkylcellulose, hydroxyalkylcellulose and hydroxyalkyl / alkylcellulose are preferable, and methylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and hydroxyethylmethylcellulose are particularly preferable.

  The mixing amount of the water retention agent is preferably 0.10 to 0.40 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of cement from the viewpoints of ensuring water retention, workability, and wiping properties. More preferably, 0.19 to 0.40 parts by mass is more preferable, and 0.28 to 0.40 parts by mass is more preferable.

  The alkali-resistant fiber used for the joint material (c) used in the present invention preferably has a fiber length of 10 mm or less so as not to deteriorate the workability as the joint material. There are short fibers and convergent types in commercially available fibers, but a convergent type having a small fiber diameter is preferable in consideration of workability at joints. Further, the convergent fiber length is preferably 3 to 10 mm. Organic fibers and alkali-resistant glass fibers that are miscible with mortar can be used as long as they have alkali resistance, and can be used in combination. As the organic fiber, polyester, acrylic, nylon, polypropylene and the like can be used, and as the glass fiber, any glass fiber having alkali resistance can be used. The compounding amount of the alkali-resistant fiber is preferably 0.5 to 3.5 parts by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 2.9 parts by mass, based on 100 parts by mass of the cement. More preferably, the amount is 1.5 to 2.8 parts by mass.

  As the polymer used for the joint material used in the present invention, a polymer dispersion and a re-emulsifying powder resin can be used. As the polymer dispersion, those specified in JIS A6203 can be used, and as the re-emulsifiable powder resin, those also specified in JIS A6203 can be used. That is, as the polymer dispersion, a resin containing polyacrylate, styrene butadiene, ethylene vinyl acetate, or the like as a main component can be used. Further, as the re-emulsifying type powder resin, a powdery resin mainly composed of polyacrylate, ethylene vinyl acetate, vinyl acetate / vinyl versatate, vinyl acetate / vinyl versatate / acrylate, etc. is used. can do. The method for producing the re-emulsifiable powder resin is not limited, and may be produced by any method such as a powdering method and a blocking prevention method.

  The amount of the polymer is 1.5 to 10.5 parts by mass in terms of solid content, based on 100 parts by mass of cement, from the viewpoint of the effect of reducing water absorption, workability, filling property to joints, and wiping properties. Preferably, it is more preferably 1.5 to 8 parts by mass. More preferably, 3 to 8 parts by mass is good.

  The ratio of the alkali-resistant fiber and the polymer (alkali-resistant fiber / polymer) is set to 0 in order to highly balance the crack resistance, the reduction of water absorption, and the wiping property of the highly durable joint material of the present invention protruding from the tile surface. .25 to 1.60 are preferred.

  The joint material (c) used in the present invention preferably contains a water repellent. The water repellent to be used is not particularly limited, but a fine powder is easy to handle because it is mixed, and a commercially available water repellent can be used. For example, calcium stearate (trade name) NOF Corporation, such as "Calcium stearate" and "Zinc stearate" may be mentioned. The use of the water repellent prevents the penetration of rainwater or the like from the joints, makes it difficult for erosion, and improves the durability. The compounding amount is preferably 0.7 to 1.8 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of cement from the viewpoints of water repellency and water absorption reducing effect. Further, the content is preferably 0.9 to 1.7 parts by mass, and more preferably 0.9 to 1.2 parts by mass.

  For the joint material (c) used in the present invention, a high performance water reducing agent or a high performance AE water reducing agent can be used for the purpose of improving workability. Even if it is used in combination with a thickener, it can be used as long as it does not lose the water reducing effect and can obtain good workability. For example, Taiheiyo Materials Co., Ltd., whose main component is a polycarboxylic acid compound: trade name "Coreflow NF-200", Kao Corporation: trade name "Mighty 21P", Takemoto, a polycarboxylic acid water-soluble polymer Fat & Oil Co., Ltd .: Trade names “Tupole SD-100”, “Tupole SD-200” and the like. In the case of an already prepared product, a powdery product is easy to handle. The compounding amount is preferably 0.03 to 0.08 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of cement. Further, the amount is preferably 0.03 to 0.07 parts by mass, and more preferably 0.03 to 0.06 parts by mass.

  The joint material (c) used in the present invention can be produced by blending the above-mentioned components, kneading the mixture with water and curing the mixture according to a conventional method. Specifically, the amount of water used is preferably 30 to 90 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of cement.

According to the tile construction method of the present invention, an outer wall tiled structure having the following layers (A), (B), (C), (D) and (E) is obtained in order from the side in contact with the skeleton as the skeleton concrete outer wall. .
(A) a base treatment layer,
(B) cement, fine aggregate containing lightweight fine aggregate, foundation adjustment mortar layer containing water retention agent and polymer,
(C) a base treatment layer,
(D) an elastic adhesive layer containing cement, lightweight fine aggregate, ordinary fine aggregate, water retention agent, fiber and polymer;
(E) A joint material layer containing cement, ordinary fine aggregate, a water retention agent, alkali-resistant fiber and polymer.

  The outer wall tiled structure obtained has an excellent foundation treatment method even under the influence of environmental conditions and deformation due to earthquake, and has good deformation followability of the foundation adjustment mortar layer, elastic adhesive layer, and joint material layer. Long-term adhesion durability is obtained.

  1 to 5 show conceptual diagrams of an outer wall tiled structure obtained in a comparative example (FIGS. 1 and 2) and an embodiment of the present invention (FIGS. 3 to 5). FIG. 1 shows an example in which the background processing is not performed. FIG. 2 shows an example in which tiled construction is performed with a base adjustment mortar without using an elastic adhesive. FIG. 3 shows an example in which the foundation adjustment mortar is applied to a part of the skeleton concrete and tiled with an elastic adhesive. FIG. 4 shows an example in which the foundation adjustment mortar is applied to the entire surface of the skeleton concrete and tiled with an elastic adhesive. FIG. 5 shows an example in which an elastic adhesive is used as a base adjustment mortar and tiled with an elastic adhesive again.

  Next, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples.

  First, various test methods will be described.

[Confirmation of fresh property of base adjustment mortar (a)]
The test was performed in a test room at 20 ° C. and 80% RH.
<Flow test>
The measurement was performed according to JISR5201.
<Measurement of unit mass>
The measurement was performed using a 500 mL stainless steel container in accordance with JIS A1171.
<Target values for fresh properties>
The target value of the flow value is “180 ± 10 mm”, and the target value of the unit volume mass is “1.65 ± 0.05 kg / L” for those using the lightweight fine aggregate. Those not used were set to “1.95 ± 0.10 kg / L” (Table 1).

[Confirmation of curing properties of base adjustment mortar (a)]
The test was performed in a test room at 20 ° C.
<Bending strength>
The test was performed using a 4 × 4 × 16 cm specimen according to JIS A6916CM-2. Those with a material age of 7 days or more and 5 N / mm ² or more were evaluated as “good”, and those less than 5 N / mm ² were evaluated as “bad”.
<Compression strength>
In accordance with JIS A6916CM-2, the test was performed using the specimen after measuring the compressive strength. Those with a material age of 24 N / mm ² or more at 7 days were rated “good”, and those less than 24 N / mm ² were rated “poor”.
<Measurement of static elastic modulus>
The 弾 性 5 × 10 cm specimen of each sample prepared in accordance with JIS 11171 was measured for the static elastic modulus according to JIS 1149 at the age of 7 days. The test was performed with n = 3, and the average value was used as the test value.
<Adhesion strength>
According to JIS A6916CM-2, the measurement was performed using a mortar substrate of 70 × 70 × 20 mm. Those with an adhesion strength of 2.0 N / mm ² or more at 7 days of age were rated “good”, and those with less than 2.0 N / mm ² were rated “poor”.
<Evaluation of curing properties>
When the evaluation results of all items of the curing properties are all “good”, the overall evaluation is “good”, and when the evaluation result is “bad” even in one item, the overall evaluation is “bad” (Table 2). .

[Evaluation of ironing workability of base adjustment mortar (a)]
The ironing workability of the prepared mortar was evaluated in the environment of a temperature of 20 ° C. by the following method. That is, a concrete plate of 60 × 120 × 6 cm was installed vertically on the ground. An acrylic emulsion of a 5-fold dilution was applied to the placed concrete plate at 0.15 kg / m ² . After drying, it was applied using a commercially available gold trowel with a thickness of 5 mm, and the ironing workability of the base adjustment mortar (a) was evaluated. The mortar that was easily and smoothly applied was evaluated as having a good iron elongation, and the one with the iron wave was evaluated as “bad”. When the mortar had little residual mortar on the used ironing iron, the cut iron was determined to be "good", and when the mortar was remarkably adhered and remained on the gold iron, the defective iron was determined to be "poor". When the mortar surface was finished smoothly and no crack was observed in the mortar applied after 24 hours from the application, the finished surface was judged to be "good". A finished surface was judged to be "poor" when a mortar was formed and cracks occurred in the mortar applied 24 hours after the application. Those having cracks on the mortar surface after 24 hours of application were judged as "poor" regardless of the smoothness of the mortar surface. Any one of these items that was “defective” was judged to be “poor” for ironing workability (Table 3).

[Confirmation of fresh property of elastic adhesive (b)]
The test was performed in a test room at 20 ° C. and 80% RH.
<Flow test>
The measurement was performed according to JISR5201.
<Measurement of unit mass>
The measurement was performed using a 500 mL stainless steel container in accordance with JIS A1171.
<Water retention>
The water retention after 60 minutes was measured using filter paper 5A according to JIS A6916 Appendix.
<Evaluation criteria for fresh properties>
Table 4 shows the evaluation criteria for each test item of fresh properties, and Table 5 shows the overall evaluation criteria.

[Confirmation of Curing Properties of Elastic Adhesive (b)]
The test was performed in a test room at 20 ° C.
<Confirmation of curing properties>
2-1. Flexural strength test According to JIS A1171, a flexural strength test was carried out at a material age of 28 days with a constant deflection of 0.5 mm / min using a 4 × 4 × 16 cm specimen prepared in a test room at 20 ° C. In the test, n = 3, and the average value was used as the test value.
The loading was a centralized loading as shown in FIG.

  Table 6 shows the evaluation criteria of the bending strength.

2-2. Split Tensile Strength Test According to JIS A1171, using a specimen of φ5 × 10 cm prepared in a test room at 20 ° C., a split tensile strength test was performed at a material age of 28 days with a constant deflection of 0.5 mm / min. In addition, a strain gauge was placed at the position shown in FIG. 7 and the strain at break was measured. Table 7 shows the split tensile strength and the evaluation criteria at break.

2-3. Measurement of Static Elastic Modulus A φ5 × 10 cm specimen of each sample prepared in accordance with JIS A1171 was subjected to JIS at the age of 7 days.
The static elastic modulus was measured according to 1149. The test was performed with n = 3, and the average value was used as the test value.

2-4. Adhesion test According to JIS A6916 Annex A, in a test room at 20 ° C., a 5 × solution of Pacific Tofcon E (trade name, manufactured by Taiheiyo Materials Co., Ltd.) was applied to a 70 × 70 × 20 mm mortar plate coated with 150 g / m ² of 45 × 45 × 7 mm. A tile was applied to each sample. The bond strength was measured at the age of 7 days. The test was performed with n = 3, and the average value was used as the test value. FIG. 8 shows a longitudinal sectional view of the test piece.

  Table 8 shows the evaluation criteria for the static elastic modulus and the adhesive strength.

<Comprehensive evaluation criteria for curing properties>
Table 9 shows the overall evaluation criteria for the curing properties.

<Confirmation of workability>
Evaluation test of iron workability and adhesion to tiles 4 g of each sample was placed on a 450 × 900 × 60 mm concrete plate previously coated with 150 g / m ² of a 5 times solution of Pacific Tofcon E (trade name, manufactured by Taiheiyo Materials Co., Ltd.) and dried. It was applied in a thickness of 400 × 800 mm, and the items in Table 10 were confirmed.
The adhesion between the tile and each sample was confirmed by applying each sample and then attaching 45 two-piece tiles. Each sample was applied to a concrete plate, and 45 double tiles were attached at intervals of 10 minutes until 40 minutes. After being adapted to the tile and each sample, the peeling operation was repeated. The state of each sample remaining on the back of the tile and the side of the concrete plate was confirmed, and the adhesion and open time were evaluated. The time during which the tile was peeled off and the sample adhered to the back of the tile by 70% or more was defined as the open time.

[Confirmation of fresh properties of joint material (c)]
The test was performed in a test room at 20 ° C. and 80% RH.
<Flow test>
The measurement was performed according to JISR5201.
<Measurement of unit mass>
The measurement was performed using a 500 mL stainless steel container in accordance with JIS A1171.
<Water retention>
In a test room at 20 ° C., the water retention after 10 minutes with a 5A filter paper was measured according to the Public Building Association Standard “Pre-mixed Joint Base Material”.
<Evaluation criteria for fresh properties>
Table 11 shows the evaluation criteria for each of the fresh property test items, and Table 12 shows the overall evaluation criteria.

[Confirmation of curing properties of joint material (c)]
2-1. Bending strength test According to JIS A1171, using a 4 × 4 × 16 cm specimen prepared in a test room at 20 ° C., a bending strength test was performed at a material age of 7 days with a constant deflection of 0.5 mm / min. In the test, n = 3, and the average value was used as the test value.
The loading was a centralized loading as shown in FIG.
Table 13 shows the evaluation criteria of the bending strength.

2-2. Split Tensile Strength Test According to JIS A1171, using a specimen of φ5 × 10 cm produced in a test room at 20 ° C., a split tensile strength test was performed at a material age of 7 days with a constant deflection of 0.5 mm / min. In addition, a strain gauge was placed at the position shown in FIG. 7 and the strain at break was measured. Table 14 shows the splitting tensile strength and the evaluation criteria at break.

2-3. Measurement of Static Elastic Modulus The static elastic modulus of a φ5 × 10 cm test specimen of each sample prepared in accordance with JIS A1171 was measured according to JIS 1149 at the age of 7 days. The test was performed with n = 3, and the average value was used as the test value.

<Confirmation of workability>
In a test room at 20 ° C., a 5-fold solution of a moltop emulsion is applied to a 300 × 300 × 60 mm concrete plate at 150 g / m ² , and 24 hours later, a 50-square mosaic tile is adhered with a tile attaching mortar of the present invention. Was. Forty-eight hours later, it was painted with a rubber iron and evaluated for workability according to the following criteria.
1) Iron workability and little sagging A: No joint material adheres to the iron at all, the iron elongation is extremely good, and the joint does not swell at all after filling into the joint.
：: The joint material hardly adheres to the iron, the iron elongation is good, and the joint does not swell at all after filling into the joint.
×: The joint material adheres to the iron, the filling property of the joint part is poor, and the joint part expands after filling.

2) Fillability ○: The finished surface is smooth and there are no unfilled parts.
Δ: Finished surface is not smooth, but there is no unfilled part.
X: The finished surface is not smooth and there are some unfilled parts.
3) Wipeability The walls constructed by the above workability test were cleaned, and the wiping properties were evaluated.
：: There is no wiping residue on both the tile surface and the joint.
X: There is a portion that cannot be wiped off on either the tile surface or the joint portion.

<Deformation followability of outer wall structure>
A concrete specimen having a compression strength of 35 ± 5 N / mm2, 10 × 10 × 40 cm, and two ceramic tiles stipulated in JIS A5209 of 45 × 45 × 7 mm were adhered to two side surfaces of the concrete specimen by the construction method of the present invention. Immediately before the application, an axial force was applied using a pressure resistance machine in accordance with JIS A1108, and the deformation of the base adjustment material, the tile mortar, and the joint material were confirmed (FIG. 9).

  <Evaluation items and evaluation methods for deformation followability>

  The case where no deformation occurred in each material was indicated by “○”, and the case where deformation occurred was indicated by “×”.

  Tables 18 to 20 show the composition of the base adjustment mortar (a), the elastic adhesive (b), and the joint material (c). The performance of each of the compositions was evaluated by the test method described above. Tables 18 to 20 also show the evaluation results.

In Table 18, the reference product is an example that does not contain a lightweight fine aggregate in the base adjustment mortar (a).
In Table 19, there is an example in which the reference product b11 does not contain a lightweight fine aggregate in the elastic adhesive (b). Reference product b12 is an example in which the elastic adhesive (b) does not contain a polymer. The reference product b13 is an example in which no fiber is contained in the elastic adhesive (b).
The reference product c11 in Table 20 is an example in which the joint material (c) does not contain a polymer. The reference product c12 is an example in which the joint material (c) does not contain an alkali-resistant fiber.

  Next, using the base adjustment mortar (a), the elastic adhesive (b), and the joint material (c) of the formulation in Table 21 (the composition of each composition is as described in Tables 18 to 20), the property of modifying conformability was used. Table 21 shows the results of the test.

  From Table 21, it was found that when the tile was constructed by a method that did not satisfy the requirements of any of the steps (1) to (5) of the present invention, excellent deformation followability was not exhibited.

Claims (5)

A tile construction method comprising sequentially performing the following steps (1) to (5).
(1) a step of applying a foundation treatment to the skeleton concrete,
(2) a step of applying a cement, a fine aggregate containing a lightweight fine aggregate having a particle diameter of 1 to 3 mm, a base adjustment mortar (a) containing a water retention agent and a polymer,
(3) a step of subjecting the surface of the base adjustment mortar (a) to a base treatment again;
(4) a step of setting a tile with an elastic adhesive (b) containing cement, lightweight fine aggregate made of organic material, ordinary fine aggregate, a water retention agent, fiber and polymer;
(5) A step of applying a joint material (c) containing cement, ordinary fine aggregate, a water retention agent, an alkali-resistant fiber, and a polymer to joints provided between tiles.   The tile construction method according to claim 1, wherein the foundation treatment applied to the skeleton concrete is water spraying or application of an aqueous polymer dispersion.   The tile construction method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the joint material (c) further contains at least one selected from a high performance water reducing agent or a high performance AE water reducing agent and a water repellent.   The tile construction method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a mass ratio (fiber / polymer) of the alkali-resistant fiber and the polymer in the joint material (c) is 0.25 to 1.6. An outer wall tiled structure having the following layers (A), (B), (C), (D) and (E) in order from the side in contact with the skeleton as the skeleton concrete outer wall.
(A) a base treatment layer,
(B) cement, fine aggregates containing lightweight fine aggregate particle size 1 to 3 mm, base adjustment mortar layer containing the water retention agent and port Rimmer,
(C) a base treatment layer,
(D) cement, an organic material lightweight fine aggregate, ordinary fine aggregate, a water retention agent, an elastic adhesive layer containing fibers and polymers,
(E) A joint material layer containing cement, ordinary fine aggregate, a water retention agent, alkali-resistant fiber and polymer.