JP6640017B2 - Steam generator - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a steam generating device that generates steam by heat generated from a heat source.

Conventionally, steam having a temperature of 100 ° C. or higher and a pressure of normal pressure (0.1 MPa) or higher can heat an object to be heated in a short time by latent heat of the steam. In the field, it is used for baking and drying foods.
As an apparatus for generating such steam, for example, an internal combustion engine that generates a rotational power by compressing and combusting an air-fuel mixture of fuel and combustion air in a combustion chamber and driving a generator by the rotational power is used. An exhaust gas boiler that generates steam by using heat of combustion exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine as a heat source is known (see Patent Document 1).
With this configuration, in the technology disclosed in Patent Literature 1, by operating the internal combustion engine, the generator is rotated to generate electric power, and the combustion exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine is guided to the exhaust gas boiler. It functions effectively as a so-called steam generation type cogeneration system that generates high-temperature steam by the heat of the combustion exhaust gas.
In such an internal combustion engine, the engine cooling water for cooling the internal combustion engine recovers relatively low-temperature exhaust heat from the heat generated in the internal combustion engine. In recent steam generators, in order to generate steam using the low-temperature heat, a steam generator that heats hot and cold water by exhaust heat collected by engine cooling water, and a steam generator that generates the steam. A steam generator having a steam compressor having a steam compressor that compresses the compressed steam to a target steam pressure (for example, a pressure of about 0.4 to 0.7 MPaG) and pressurizes the steam to increase the steam amount. Are known.

JP 2014-19909 A

However, when the steam generator is provided with the steam generator as described above, the durability and performance of the rotary drive unit for compressing steam may be significantly reduced due to corrosion or blade loss due to high-temperature steam exposure. For this reason, relatively short-term maintenance was required.
Further, when the heat amount of the heat source is small or the actual target pressure is set low with respect to the design target pressure / processed steam amount, the load factor of the compression drive unit changes to a low value (partial load operation = low speed rotation). However, the efficiency may be significantly reduced.

  SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to relatively effectively use relatively low-temperature exhaust heat generated from a heat source such as an internal combustion engine for generating steam, while also using a relatively simple method. Another object of the present invention is to provide a steam generator which is highly economical, has a high economical efficiency, and can provide high efficiency without depending on the calorific value of the hot water heat source and the target pressure.

The steam generator for achieving the above object is:
A steam generator that generates steam by the heat generated from a heat source, the characteristic configuration of which is:
A heater for heating the working medium from the outside, a cooler for cooling the working medium from the outside, and acoustic energy of the sound wave between the heater and the cooler are filled in the acoustic cylinder in which the working medium is filled and the sound wave propagates. And at least one prime mover comprising a first regenerator for amplifying the heat, a heat absorber for absorbing the heat from the outside of the working medium, a radiator for the working medium to radiate heat to the outside, the heat absorber and the radiator. A thermoacoustic engine provided with at least one acoustic heat pump section comprising a second regenerator that compresses and expands in a form in which sound waves consume acoustic energy.
A heat medium passage that guides the heat medium having the heat generated from the heat source to both the heater and the heat absorber,
A refrigerant passage that guides a refrigerant having cold generated from a cold source to the cooler,
Hot water supply means for guiding hot water to the radiator to heat and evaporate the hot water with the heat radiated from the radiator.

According to the characteristic configuration, the first regenerator amplifies the acoustic energy of the sound wave to generate a sound wave in a form in which the heater is heated by the heat from the heat source and the cooler is cooled by the cool heat from the cold source. can do. Then, in the state where the heat absorber absorbs the heat from the heat source, when the sound wave propagates through the acoustic heat pump unit, when the traveling wave is formed from the heat absorber to the radiator, it is compressed by the second regenerator. Absorbs heat, raises the temperature, radiates heat at a high temperature in the radiator, and when forming a traveling wave from the radiator to the heat absorber, expands and radiates heat in the second regenerator to lower the temperature. Endothermic at low temperature.
Then, the hot and cold water supply means guides the hot and cold water to the radiator, whereby the hot and cold water is heated by the heat radiated by the radiator to generate steam.
That is, according to the above configuration, by providing the thermoacoustic engine, it is possible to satisfactorily generate steam by heating the hot water while using only the heat supplied from the heat source as the power source. In particular, the above-described thermoacoustic engine does not have any moving parts, unlike a steam compressor provided as a conventional steam generating facility, so that it has high durability, can perform long maintenance intervals, and reduces maintenance costs. it can.
In the acoustic heat pump section of a thermoacoustic engine, the temperature at which heat is radiated by the radiator can be higher than the temperature at which heat is absorbed by the heat absorber due to the heat pump effect. For example, an internal combustion engine is used as a heat source. In this case, steam can be satisfactorily generated even from relatively low-temperature exhaust heat such as cooling water.
By the way, in a thermoacoustic engine, since a gas such as helium is used as a working medium, it can be operated in a high-temperature region as compared with a generally known heat pump device using an alternative chlorofluorocarbon or natural refrigerant as a refrigerant, The vapor pressure can be increased relatively easily.
As described above, while using relatively low-temperature exhaust heat generated from a heat source such as an internal combustion engine effectively for steam generation, it has a relatively simple configuration, is highly economical, and has a calorific value It is possible to realize a steam generator capable of achieving high efficiency without depending on pressure.

Further features of the steam generator are:
The heat medium passage includes a first heat medium passage and a second heat medium passage that branch a heat medium having heat from the heat source and flow in parallel.
The first heat medium passage is arranged to guide the heat medium to the heater, and the second heat medium passage is arranged to guide the heat medium to the heat absorber. It is in.

  According to the above characteristic configuration, the heat medium guided to the heater as a power source for amplifying the acoustic energy of the sound wave by the prime mover, and the heat medium guided to the heat absorber as a heat source for generating steam in the acoustic heat pump unit. Since the first heat medium passage and the second heat medium passage can be guided separately from each other, a high-temperature heat medium from a heat source can be supplied to both the heater and the heat absorber. Both of the acoustic heat pump units can work well.

Further features of the steam generator are:
It is characterized in that it comprises a flow ratio adjusting means for adjusting a flow ratio of a flow rate of the heat medium flowing through the first heat medium passage and a flow rate of the heat medium flowing through the second heat medium passage. .

According to the above-mentioned characteristic configuration, the flow ratio adjusting means for adjusting the flow ratio of the flow rate of the heat medium flowing through the first heat medium passage and the flow rate of the heat medium flowing through the second heat medium passage is provided. For example, when temporarily reducing the amount of heat supplied to the steam, the amount of heat medium flowing through the second heat medium passage is temporarily reduced to reduce the amount of heat absorbed from the heat absorber. With this configuration, the amount of heat released to the hot water from the radiator can be reduced, and the amount of generated steam can be reduced. Further, the amount of heat guided to the heater of the prime mover is temporarily increased, the acoustic energy of the sound wave generated by the prime mover is increased, and the increased acoustic energy can be temporarily stored in the acoustic tube.
That is, the control of the amount of generated steam based on the demand for steam can be performed with a relatively simple configuration such as the control of the flow ratio of the heat medium by the flow ratio adjusting means, and the heat of the heat medium not used for generating steam is It can be temporarily stored as acoustic energy in the acoustic cylinder.
Incidentally, the present inventors have found that in a thermoacoustic engine including a prime mover and an acoustic heat pump unit, in order to efficiently generate steam, the heater of the prime mover and the heat absorbing part of the acoustic heat pump unit have a ratio of about 7: 1. It has been found that it is preferable to supply heat at a ratio.

Further features of the steam generator are:
The present invention is characterized in that a controller is provided for controlling the adjustment of the flow ratio by the flow ratio adjusting means on the basis of a heat quantity related value related to the heat quantity given to the heat medium by the heat source.

That is, according to the above-mentioned characteristic configuration, when the heat quantity related value related to the heat quantity such as the temperature or the heat quantity given to the heat medium from the heat source fluctuates, the heater and the heat absorber are based on the heat quantity related value. The optimal heat balance may fluctuate between the above and the above.
According to the above-mentioned characteristic configuration, the control device controls the adjustment of the flow ratio by the flow ratio adjusting means based on the heat amount-related value related to the heat amount given to the heat medium by the heat source. Based on the amount-related value, the balance of the amount of heat supplied to the heater and the heat absorber is appropriately adjusted, the amount of generated steam corresponds to the amount of heat generated by the warm heat source, and steam can be generated efficiently.

Further features of the steam generator are:
The heat medium flow path guides the heat medium having recovered heat from the heat source to the heater and the heat absorber, and then guides the heat medium to a preheater that preheats hot water before being guided to the radiator. The point is that it is arranged as follows.

  The heat medium after supplying the heat to the heater and the heat absorber is often hotter than the hot water introduced to the radiator. As in the above-mentioned characteristic configuration, after the heat medium from which heat is recovered by the heat source is guided to the heater and the heat absorber, the heat medium flows so as to be guided to the preheater that preheats the hot water before being guided to the radiator. By arranging the path, even low-temperature heat of the heat generated by the heat source can be favorably used for generating steam.

A further characteristic configuration of the steam generator includes an engine as the heat source,
An exhaust gas boiler that generates steam using the heat held by the combustion exhaust gas discharged from the engine as a heat source,
An engine cooling water circulation path for circulating engine cooling water of the engine is provided as the heat medium passage.

  According to the above characteristic configuration, of the exhaust heat from the engine as a heat source, the exhaust heat held by the relatively high-temperature combustion exhaust gas can generate steam in the exhaust gas boiler. Further, in the above-described characteristic configuration, steam can be satisfactorily generated by using the exhaust heat held by the relatively low-temperature engine cooling water in the thermoacoustic engine.

Further features of the steam generator are:
The heat source is a combustion engine that discharges combustion exhaust gas,
An exhaust path for guiding combustion exhaust gas as the heat medium to the heater as the heat medium passage,
The coolant passage includes a water passage that guides water as the coolant to the cooler,
The hot water flow path is characterized in that it functions as hot water supply means for heating and evaporating hot water with the heat radiated from the cooler.

According to this characteristic configuration, the heat medium guided to the heater of the prime mover is caused to flow through the combustion exhaust gas of a relatively high temperature (440 ° C. or more when the combustion engine is an internal combustion engine), thereby passing through the cooler of the prime mover. Heating can be performed to such an extent that hot water as the flowing refrigerant evaporates.
This makes it possible to evaporate hot water as a refrigerant for cooling the cooler of the prime mover and generate steam, and to use the heat guided to the heater of the prime mover to evaporate hot water as a refrigerant on the cooler side. It can be used effectively and the steam recovery efficiency can be increased.
Also, there is no need to provide a cooling tower or the like for cooling the refrigerant guided to the cooler, so that the configuration can be simplified, and the energy for cooling the refrigerant by the cooling tower can be omitted, and the energy efficiency can be improved.

As a further characteristic configuration of the steam generator,
An exhaust gas boiler that generates steam using the heat held by the combustion exhaust gas discharged from the combustion engine as a heat source,
It is preferable that the exhaust path guides the combustion exhaust gas of the combustion engine in the order described in the heater and the exhaust gas boiler.

According to the above-mentioned characteristic configuration, it is possible to generate sound energy satisfactorily in the prime mover using relatively high temperature combustion exhaust gas, and to generate steam in the cooler of the prime mover.
Furthermore, the exhaust heat of the flue gas not recovered by the prime mover can be used for steam generation in the exhaust gas boiler, and the exhaust heat of the flue gas can be more effectively utilized.

Schematic configuration diagram of a steam generator according to the present invention Schematic configuration diagram of a steam generator according to the related art Schematic configuration diagram showing another embodiment of the steam generator Schematic configuration diagram showing another embodiment of the steam generator

  As shown in FIG. 1, the steam generator 100 has a relatively simple configuration while effectively using relatively low-temperature exhaust heat generated from a heat source of the engine 26 as a heat source for generating steam. The present invention relates to a steam generator having good maintainability.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the steam generator 100 generates steam by the heat generated from the engine 26 as a heat source. At least one prime mover 70 comprising a heater 71 for heating from the outside, a cooler 72 for cooling the working medium from the outside, and a first regenerator 73 for amplifying the acoustic energy of sound waves between the heater 71 and the cooler 72. In addition to the above (one in the present embodiment), the heat absorber 81 absorbs heat from the outside of the working medium, the radiator 82 radiates heat to the outside of the working medium, and the acoustic wave between the heat sink 81 and the radiator 82. A thermoacoustic engine 90 including at least one or more (one in the present embodiment) acoustic heat pump unit 80 including a second regenerator 83 that compresses and expands in a form that consumes A heat medium passage for guiding the heat medium having the heat generated from the heat source 26 to both the heater 71 and the heat absorber 81, and the cooler 72 having the cool heat generated in the cooling tower 91 as a cold heat source. And hot water supply means for guiding hot water to the radiator 82 to heat the hot water with the radiated heat.

To add further description, the steam generator 100 includes an exhaust gas boiler 60 that generates steam using heat of the combustion exhaust gas E discharged from the engine 26 as a heat source, a synchronous generator 28 driven by the rotational power of the engine 26, And a control device R (a concept including an ECU as a control device for the engine) for controlling these components.
The synchronous generator 28 connected to the rotating shaft of the engine 26 is configured so that the frequency of the generated power can be adjusted to the same frequency as the frequency of the power supplied from the commercial power system 75. Further, the synchronous generator 28 is provided with an automatic voltage regulator for adjusting the voltage so that the voltage of the generated power is the same as the voltage of the power supplied from the commercial power system 75. It is adjusted to. A distribution board 74 is provided between the synchronous generator 28 and the commercial power system 75, and the distribution board 74 is configured to supply power to a power load in the steam generator 100. I have.

[Configuration related to engine]
The engine 26 generates rotational power by rotating a rotary shaft 40 by compressing and burning a mixture M of a fuel gas F (an example of fuel) such as natural gas and combustion air A in a combustion chamber 26a. Then, the generator 28 is driven by the rotation power.
In this type of engine 26, although not shown in detail, an air-fuel mixture M sucked as fresh air from the intake passage 20 into the combustion chamber 26a is compressed by an upward movement of a piston to a spark plug (not shown). By burning and expanding by spark ignition, the piston is pushed down to output rotational power from the rotary shaft 40, and the combustion exhaust gas E generated by combustion is pushed out from the combustion chamber 26a to the exhaust passage 27 and discharged to the outside. Is done.

  In the intake passage 20, an air cleaner 21 for purifying the combustion air A, a venturi-type mixer 14 for mixing the combustion air A with the fuel gas F at an appropriate ratio, and an air-fuel mixture M to the combustion chamber 26a by adjusting the opening degree. A throttle valve 24 capable of adjusting the intake air amount is provided in the stated order from the upstream side. That is, in the intake path 20, the mixture M generated by mixing the fuel gas F and the combustion air A in the mixer 14 is adjusted to a predetermined flow rate through the throttle valve 24 and introduced into the combustion chamber 26a. .

  In the fuel supply path 11 for guiding the fuel gas F to the mixer 14, a differential pressure for keeping a difference between the pressure of the combustion air A in the intake path 20 upstream of the mixer 14 and the pressure of the fuel gas F in the fuel supply path 11 constant. A fuel supply amount adjusting valve V2 for adjusting the supply amount of the fuel gas F supplied to the combustion chamber 26a via the regulator V1 and the mixer 14 is provided.

The engine 26 is provided with an engine jacket 26b in a cylinder head thereof. Engine cooling water (an example of a heat medium) is provided between the engine jacket 26b and the heater 71 and the heat absorber 81 of the thermoacoustic engine 90 described above. ), And a cooling water circulating pump P1 for circulating engine cooling water through the cooling water circulating passage C.
In this embodiment, the cooling water circulation path C is a second cooling water circulation path C2 (first heat medium communication passage) that branches the engine cooling water having the heat from the engine 26 and flows in parallel. ) And a first cooling water circulation path C1 (an example of a second heat medium passage). A second cooling water circulation path C2 is provided to guide the engine cooling water to the heater 71. One cooling water circulation path C <b> 1 is provided to guide the engine cooling water to the heat absorber 81. Further, as a flow ratio adjusting means for adjusting a flow ratio between the flow rate of the engine cooling water flowing through the second cooling water circulation path C2 and the flow rate of the engine cooling water flowing through the first cooling water circulation path C1, the second cooling means A three-way flow control valve V5 is provided at a branch point between the water circulation path C2 and the first cooling water circulation path C1.
The control device R adjusts the flow rate ratio by the three-way flow control valve V5 based on the measurement result of the temperature sensor S4 that measures the temperature of the engine cooling water guided from the engine jacket 26b of the engine 26 to the thermoacoustic engine 90 described later ( It is configured to control based on an example of the heat amount related value).
Further, the cooling water circulation path C guides the engine cooling water, whose heat has been recovered by the engine jacket 26b of the engine 26, to the heater 71 and the heat absorber 81, and then preheats the hot water before being guided to the radiator 82. It is arranged to lead to the preheater EX. In other words, the cooling water circulation path C is connected to the engine 26 in the flow direction of the engine cooling water from the engine 26 as a starting point, with the downstream cooling part of the junction between the second cooling water circulation path C2 and the first cooling water circulation path C1. And a preheater EX that preheats the hot water in a form in which heat exchange between the engine cooling water and the hot water guided to the radiator 82 is performed.
Incidentally, although detailed illustration and description of the configuration are omitted, of the heat held by the engine cooling water flowing through the cooling water circulation path C, heat that cannot be recovered by the thermoacoustic engine 90 described later (for example, when the steam load is (If unnecessary), the heat is radiated by the cooling tower 91 described later.

[Exhaust gas boiler]
An exhaust passage 27 of the engine 26 is provided with an exhaust gas boiler 60.
When the description is added, the exhaust gas boiler 60 is provided with an exhaust gas flow chamber 27a through which the combustion exhaust gas E of the engine 26 flows, and a plurality of steam generation pipes 62a are provided in the exhaust gas flow chamber 27a. And a hot water preheating section 61 disposed downstream of the steam generating section 62 and having a plurality of hot water heating pipes 61a disposed therein. The hot water heating pipe of the hot water preheating section 61 is provided. The reference numeral 61a is connected to the steam generating pipe 62a of the steam generating section 62 in communication.
Thereby, the hot water flowing into the hot water heating pipe 61a of the hot water preheating section 61 is preheated by the exhaust heat of the combustion exhaust gas E in the hot water preheating section 61, and then flows into the steam generating pipe 62a of the steam generating section 62, After being further heated and evaporated by the exhaust heat of the combustion exhaust gas E, it is discharged as the first steam St1.
Here, a flow path through which the first steam St1 discharged from the steam generation unit 62 flows is provided with a steam pressure gauge S2 for measuring the pressure of the first steam St1 flowing through the flow path, and a flow path through the flow path. A flow control valve V3 for controlling the flow rate of the flowing first steam St1 is provided. The controller R adjusts the opening of the flow control valve V3 so that the pressure of the first steam St1 is a desired pressure (for example, a pressure of about 0.4 to 0.7 MPaG). Note that the supply amount of the first steam St1 is determined according to the temperature of the combustion exhaust gas E (the amount of exhaust heat held by the combustion exhaust gas E), but can be appropriately changed according to the demand for the steam.

[Configuration related to thermoacoustic engine]
As shown in FIG. 1, the thermoacoustic engine 90 includes an acoustic tube T configured by connecting a first loop tube T1 and a second loop tube T2, each of which is filled with a working medium and propagates a sound wave, by a connecting tube. In this embodiment, a single prime mover 70 is provided in the first loop tube T1, and a single acoustic heat pump unit 80 is provided in the second loop tube T2.

  Hereinafter, a heater 71 for heating the working medium from the outside, a cooler 72 for cooling the working medium from the outside, and a first regenerator 73 for amplifying acoustic energy of sound waves between the heater 71 and the cooler 72 are provided. The motor 70 will be described.

  Although not shown in detail, the heater 71 has a jacket (not shown) through which the engine cooling water flows through the second cooling water circulation path C2, and extends from the jacket into the acoustic tube T. And fins (not shown). The heater 71 heats the working fluid in such a manner that the fins are heated by the engine cooling water flowing through the jacket portion and heat is transmitted from the fins to the working fluid inside the acoustic tube T.

  The cooler 72 passes the cooling water of the third cooling water circulation path C3 (an example of the refrigerant passage) that circulates the cooling water (an example of the refrigerant) cooled by the cooling tower 91 provided with a heat pump (not shown). It comprises a flowing jacket portion (not shown) and fins (not shown) extending from the jacket portion into the interior of the acoustic tube T. The cooler 72 cools the working fluid in a form in which the fins are cooled by the cooling water flowing through the jacket portion and conducts cold from the fins to the working fluid inside the acoustic tube T.

The first regenerator 73 provided between the heater 71 and the cooler 72 has, for example, a plate surface along a direction orthogonal to the cylinder axis direction of the acoustic cylinder T, It is composed of a plurality of thin plate-like members (not shown) arranged along.
The thin plate member has a thickness of, for example, 50 μm or more and 100 μm or less, and is provided in about 300 to 600 sheets. The thin plate-shaped member is provided with a large number of through holes (not shown) penetrating in a direction along the cylinder axis direction with a diameter of about 200 μm to 300 μm.

The working fluid exists inside the acoustic cylinder T in a state where a slight fluctuation occurs in the direction of the cylinder axis. In other words, the sound wave propagating through the working fluid forms a traveling wave from one side to the other side and a traveling wave from the other side to the one side between both the heater 71 and the cooler 72.
When forming a traveling wave from the cooler 72 to the heater 71 side, the sound wave propagating through the working fluid passes through a plurality of through holes of the thin plate member as the first regenerator 73 near the heater 71. Sometimes, it is heated while being in contact with the inner wall of the through hole, and is expanded by being directly heated by the fins of the heater 71. On the other hand, when the sound wave propagating through the working fluid forms a traveling wave from the heater 71 to the cooler 72, a plurality of through holes of the thin plate-shaped member as the first regenerator 73 near the cooler 72. When it passes through the inner wall of the through hole, it is cooled by contact with the inner wall of the through hole, and is directly cooled by the fins of the cooler 72 to contract.
As a result, the sound wave as the traveling wave causes self-excited vibration, and the heat energy is converted into the sound energy of the sound wave in a form in which the sound energy is amplified.

  The working medium can be composed of a gas that propagates sound waves. Here, since it is desirable that heat exchange in the first regenerator 73 be performed quickly, helium and hydrogen having a high thermal diffusion coefficient are desirable as the working medium. For the purpose of power generation, a gas having a high molecular weight is desirable, so that a gas such as argon may be mixed. In this embodiment, helium is used as the working medium because it is thermally stable.

The acoustic energy of the sound wave amplified by the prime mover 70 propagates from the first loop tube T1 of the acoustic tube T to the acoustic heat pump unit 80 of the second loop tube T2.
The acoustic heat pump unit 80 includes a heat absorber 81 in which the working medium absorbs heat from the outside, a radiator 82 in which the working medium radiates heat to the outside, and a sound wave between the heat absorber 81 and the radiator 82 in which the acoustic wave consumes acoustic energy. And a second regenerator 83 that expands.

  Although not shown in detail, the heat absorber 81 includes a jacket (not shown) through which the engine cooling water circulates in the first cooling water circulation path C <b> 1, and a fin extending from the jacket to the inside of the acoustic tube T. (Not shown). In the heat absorber 81, the fin absorbs heat from the engine cooling water flowing through the jacket portion, and the working medium inside the acoustic tube T absorbs heat from the fin.

Here, the acoustic heat pump unit 80 compresses when the sound wave propagating through the working fluid forms a traveling wave from the heat absorber 81 to the radiator 82 side, and compresses the traveling wave from the radiator 82 to the heat absorber 81 side. The heat absorber 81, the second regenerator 83, and the radiator 82 are arranged at appropriate positions in the acoustic tube T so as to expand when forming the sound tube T.
Thereby, when the sound wave propagating through the working fluid forms a traveling wave from the heat absorber 81 to the radiator 82 side, it absorbs heat while compressing in the second regenerator 83 and rises in temperature. Dissipates heat when the temperature rises to a high temperature. Thereby, in the radiator 82, the hot water flowing through the jacket portion is heated in such a manner as to exchange heat with the working medium having a higher temperature than the engine cooling water flowing through the jacket portion of the heat absorber 81, thereby generating steam.
On the other hand, when the sound wave propagating through the working fluid forms a traveling wave from the radiator 82 to the heat absorber 81, heat is released while expanding in the second regenerator 83, and the temperature is reduced. Endothermic at low temperature. As a result, in the heat absorber 81, the working medium having a sufficiently low temperature absorbs heat well from the engine cooling water flowing through the jacket portion.
Incidentally, as described above, in the step of absorbing heat while compressing and the step of releasing heat while expanding in the second regenerator 83, the acoustic energy of the sound wave is consumed and the sound wave is attenuated. Since the replenishment is performed sequentially, the heat pump function of the acoustic heat pump unit 80 is maintained.

  The radiator 82 includes a jacket (not shown) through which hot and cold water supplied from the outside flows, and fins (not shown) extending from the jacket to the inside of the acoustic tube T. In the radiator 82, the hot water is heated and steam is generated in such a manner that the working medium inside the acoustic tube T radiates heat to the fins and the radiated heat is radiated to the hot water flowing through the jacket portion.

A description will be added regarding the configuration relating to hot water flowing through the jacket of the radiator 82.
In the present embodiment, a hot water flow passage L through which hot and cold water supplied at a high water pressure flows is connected to a lower portion of a steam tower 92 that stores hot water and steam described below. Incidentally, as described above, the hot water flow passage L is provided with a preheater that preheats the hot water in such a manner that heat exchanges between hot water flowing through the hot water flow passage L and engine cooling water circulating in the cooling water circulation passage C. EX is provided, and a hot water flow rate control valve V6 for controlling the flow rate of hot water flowing through the hot water flow passage L is provided. Further, the steam tower 92 is provided with a gas-liquid circulation path C4 that connects the lower part of the steam tower 92, the jacket of the radiator 82, and the upper part of the steam tower 92 in the stated order. The hot water pumped from the lower part of the steam tower 92 by the hot water pump P2 provided in the gas-liquid circulation path C4 is heated by the jacket of the radiator 82 to be vaporized to become the second steam St2. Through the upper part, it will be supplied to an external steam demand part (not shown).
As described above, the hot and cold water flow path L, the steam tower 92, the hot and cold water pump P2, and the gas-liquid circulation path C4 function as hot and cold water supply means.
Incidentally, a flow path connecting the steam tower 92 and the steam demand section has a steam pressure gauge S3 for measuring the pressure of the second steam St2 flowing through the flow path, and a second steam St2 flowing through the flow path. A flow control valve V4 for controlling the flow rate is provided. The control device R adjusts the opening of the flow control valve V4 so that the pressure of the second steam St2 is a desired pressure (for example, a pressure of about 0.4 to 0.7 MpaG). The supply amount of the second steam St2 is appropriately controlled according to the amount of heat held by the engine cooling water of the engine 26.

The second regenerator 83 provided between the heat absorber 81 and the radiator 82 has the same shape and material as the first regenerator 73.
Note that the diameter, length, shape, and the like of the acoustic cylinder T are converted from the thermal energy of the prime mover 70 to acoustic energy based on the diameters of the through holes of the first regenerator 73 and the second regenerator 83. The efficiency and the conversion efficiency of the acoustic heat pump unit 80 from acoustic energy to heat energy are set appropriately.

Next, a description will be added in comparison with the simulation result of the power generation amount, the amount of generated steam, the overall efficiency, and the like by the steam generator 100 according to the embodiment in comparison with the conventional steam generator 200 shown in FIG.
Prior to the description, a description of the conventional steam generator 200 shown in FIG. 2 will be added. The conventional steam generator 200 shown in FIG. 2 has a configuration related to the cooling water circuit C of the engine 26, a configuration related to the thermoacoustic engine 90, and hot water supply means, as compared with the steam generator 100 according to the embodiment. The main difference is that the steam generator 50 is provided instead of the steam generator 50, and the other configuration is substantially the same as the steam generator 100. In the following, description of the different components will be added, and the same components will be denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted.

As shown in FIG. 2, in the conventional steam generator 200, the engine 26 is provided with an engine jacket 26 b in a cylinder head thereof, and the engine jacket 26 b and the exhaust heat recovery heat provided outside the engine 26 are provided. A cooling water circulation path C that circulates engine cooling water with the exchanger 51a, and a cooling water circulation pump P1 that circulates engine cooling water through the cooling water circulation path C are provided.
Note that the exhaust heat recovery heat exchanger 51a is provided in the steam generation facility 50 for evaporating hot water in a form in which heat is exchanged between engine cooling water and hot water. The steam generating equipment 50 compresses the steam generated in the low-pressure boiler 51 with the low-pressure boiler 51 that heats the hot and cold water W by the exhaust heat of the engine 26, and sets the target steam pressure (for example, about 0.4 to 0.7 MPaG). (Pressure).
To add an explanation, the low-pressure boiler 51 is provided with an exhaust heat recovery heat exchanger 51a of the cooling water circulation path C of the engine 26, and the engine heat water and the hot water W are separated by the exhaust heat recovery heat exchanger 51a. In the form of heat exchange, the engine cooling water heats the hot water W with the engine exhaust heat collected by the engine jacket 26b to generate steam.

The steam compressor 52 includes a compressor 52a for compressing steam generated by the low-pressure boiler 51 and increasing the pressure, and an electric motor 52b for rotating and driving the compressor 52a. The steam generated by the low-pressure boiler 51 is compressed by a motor-driven compressor 52a, is raised to a target steam pressure, and is discharged as a second steam St2. As will be described in detail later, the motor 52b as a driving source of the compressor 52a is supplied with a generator 28 that is rotationally driven by the engine 26 in addition to using the commercial power from the commercial power system 75 as the driving power. At least a part of the generated power is drivable as drive power. That is, in the conventional steam generator 200, the driving power is supplied from the distribution board 74 to the motor 52 b of the steam compressor 52.
Here, the flow path through which the second steam St2 discharged from the steam compressor 52 flows is provided with a steam pressure gauge S3 for measuring the pressure of the second steam St2 flowing through the flow path, and the flow path through the flow path. A flow control valve V4 for controlling the flow rate of the flowing second steam St2 is provided. The control device R adjusts the rotation speed of the motor-driven compressor 52a so as to set the pressure of the second steam St2 to a desired pressure (for example, a pressure of about 0.4 to 0.7 MPaG), and adjusts the flow rate. The opening of the control valve V4 is adjusted. The supply amount of the second steam St2 is determined according to the amount of exhaust heat recovered by the exhaust heat recovery heat exchanger 51a of the low-pressure boiler 51.
Then, both the first steam St1 supplied from the exhaust gas boiler 60 and the second steam St2 supplied from the steam generation facility 50 are supplied to the outside as supply steam.

[Explanation of simulation results]
The conventional steam generator 200 shown in FIG. 2 operates as natural gas having a calorific value of 40.6 MJ / m ³ N (lower heating value standard) as a fuel gas F supplied to the engine 26 at a flow rate of 170 m ^3. N / h, the heat is supplied so that the heat becomes 1917 kW, and the water supply to the exhaust gas boiler 60 (hot water W) and the water supply to the low pressure boiler 51 (hot water W) are supplied under the conditions shown in [Table 1]. As shown in [Table 1], the first steam St1 and the second steam St2 are generated, and the generator 28 generates 800 kW of power. Of the generated power, 98 kW is consumed by the steam compressor 52. For this reason, the total power generation of the substantial amount in the conventional steam generator 200 is 702 kW, and the total steam heat (the sum of the first steam St1 and the second steam St2) is 1003 kW as shown in [Table 1].
The parameters such as the temperature of the engine cooling water to the exhaust heat recovery heat exchanger 51a of the low-pressure boiler 51 and the temperature of the engine cooling water from the exhaust heat recovery heat exchanger 51a of the low-pressure boiler 51 are shown in [Table 2]. It has become.

On the other hand, the steam generator 100 according to the present embodiment operates as a fuel gas F supplied to the engine 26 as natural gas having a calorific value of 40.6 MJ / m ³ N (lower heating value standard) as a fuel gas F at a flow rate of 170 m. ^{At 3} N / h, the heat was supplied so that the heat amount became 1,917 kW, and the water supply to the exhaust gas boiler 60 (hot water W) and the water supply to the radiator 82 (hot water W) were supplied under the conditions shown in [Table 3]. .

  The prime mover 70 of the thermoacoustic engine 90 has a conversion efficiency of 8% from thermal energy to acoustic energy, and the acoustic heat pump section 80 of the thermoacoustic engine 90 has a COP of 2.76.

Further, when the flow ratio of the engine cooling water to the heater 71 of the prime mover 70 and the engine cooling water to the heat absorber 81 of the acoustic heat pump unit 80 is 7: 1, the engine cooling to the heater 71 of the prime mover 70 is performed. Water, engine cooling water to the heat absorber 81 of the acoustic heat pump unit 80, engine cooling water from the heater 71 of the prime mover 70, engine cooling water from the heat absorber 81 of the acoustic heat pump unit 80, cooling water to the cooler 72, The parameters such as the temperature of the cooling water from the cooler 72 and the like are as shown in [Table 4].
When the simulation of the steam generator 100 according to the present embodiment is performed under the above conditions, the heat input to the prime mover 70 of the thermoacoustic engine 90 is 211 kW, the generated acoustic energy is 16.5 kW, and the acoustic The heat radiation amount of the heat radiator 82 of the heat pump unit 80 was 45 kW.
Further, as shown in [Table 3], the first steam St1 and the second steam St2 generate 465 kW in total, and the generator 28 generates 800 kW of electric power. Here, 1.5 kW of the generated power is consumed in the cooling tower 91. Therefore, the total power generation of the substantial amount in the steam generator 100 according to the present embodiment is 798.5 kW, and the overall efficiency is 65.8%, which can sufficiently withstand practical use compared to the conventional steam generator 200. It turns out that it has become something.

  Furthermore, the inventors have also performed trial calculations regarding economics, and according to this, compared to the conventional steam generator 200, the steam generator 100 of the present embodiment can reduce the initial cost to about 1/6. It also estimates that annual maintenance costs can be reduced to about 1/10.

[Another embodiment]
(1) In the above embodiment, the heat source is described as being an internal combustion engine. However, various sources can be used as long as they generate heat. For example, a fuel cell that generates exhaust heat may be used. It does not matter. The heat source may include a steam drain.
Further, in the present application, even a heat source that generates heat of 100 ° C. or less can be effectively used.

(2) In the steam generator 100 according to the embodiment, the engine 26 may be an engine provided with a supercharger. In this case, the cooling of the intake air in the intercooler provided in the intake passage 20 downstream of the compressor of the supercharger and upstream of the combustion chamber of the engine may be included as a heat source.

(3) In the above embodiment, the cooling water circulation path C is a second cooling water circulation path C2 and a first cooling water circulation path C1 that branch and flow in parallel the engine cooling water having heat from the engine 26. The second cooling water circulation path C2 is arranged to guide the engine cooling water to the heater 71, and the first cooling water circulation path C1 is arranged to guide the engine cooling water to the heat absorber 81. An example of the configuration is shown.
However, the steam generator 100 of the present application is not limited to this configuration, and the cooling water circulation path C supplies the engine cooling water having recovered the exhaust heat of the engine 26 in series with the heat absorber 81 and the heater 71. A configuration in which the components are arranged so as to allow the current to flow may be adopted.
In the thermoacoustic engine 90, from the viewpoint of vaporizing hot water and generating steam in the radiator 82 of the acoustic heat pump unit 80, it is preferable that the radiator 82 radiates heat at as high a temperature as possible. In that sense, it is preferable to guide the engine cooling water as high as possible to the heat absorber 81 of the acoustic heat pump unit 80. From this viewpoint, it is preferable that the cooling water circulation path C be disposed in series with the heat absorber 81 and the heater 71 so that the engine cooling water from which the exhaust heat of the engine 26 has been recovered flows in series in the order of the heat absorber 81 and the heater 71.

(4) In the above-described embodiment, the acoustic tube T is configured to connect the first loop tube T1 and the second loop tube T2 with the connecting tube, but is configured separately from a single loop tube. No problem. That is, a configuration in which both the prime mover 70 and the acoustic heat pump unit 80 are provided for the acoustic tube T composed of a single loop tube may be adopted.
Further, the thermoacoustic engine of the present application also includes a configuration in which a plurality of acoustic cylinders T each having the prime mover 70 and the acoustic heat pump unit 80 are provided.
Further, a configuration in which a plurality of prime movers 70 and acoustic heat pump units 80 are provided for one acoustic cylinder T is also included.

(5) In the above embodiment, the heat supplied to the thermoacoustic engine 90 is the heat held by the cooling water of the engine 26, but is separately the heat held by the combustion exhaust gas E of the engine 26. It does not matter.

(6) In the above embodiment, the control device R adjusts the flow ratio by the three-way flow control valve V5 to the temperature sensor S4 that measures the temperature of the engine cooling water guided from the engine jacket 26b of the engine 26 to the thermoacoustic engine 90. An example has been shown in which control is performed based on the measurement result (an example of a calorific value).
However, the control device R may be configured to execute the adjustment of the flow ratio by the three-way flow control valve V5 based on the amount of heat (heat amount-related value) held by the engine coolant of the engine 26. In this case, the control device R determines the measurement result of the temperature sensor S4 and the flow rate of the engine cooling water flowing through the cooling water circulation path C (the engine cooling water flowing through the second cooling water circulation path C2 and the first cooling water circulation path C1). The calorific value is derived by integrating the measurement result of a flow sensor (not shown) for measuring the total flow rate of water).

(7) In the above embodiment, engine cooling water is used as the heat medium guided to the heater 71 of the prime mover 70 of the thermoacoustic engine 90, and the cooling tower 91 serves as the coolant guided to the cooler 72 of the prime mover 70. The example using the cooled refrigerant has been described.
However, a configuration is employed in which the combustion exhaust gas E of the engine 26 is used as the heat medium guided to the heater 71 of the prime mover 70, hot water W is used as the coolant guided to the cooler 72, and steam is generated in the cooler 72. It does not matter.
Hereinafter, a steam generator 100 according to another embodiment (7) will be described with reference to FIG. In the following, a configuration different from the above embodiment will be described, and the same configuration as the above embodiment will be denoted by the same reference numeral and description thereof will be omitted.
As shown in FIG. 3, a steam generator 100 according to another embodiment (7) guides a combustion exhaust gas E from an engine 26 (an example of a combustion engine) to an exhaust gas boiler 60 after flowing through a heater 71. An exhaust path 27 is provided.
Further, in the other embodiment (7), the first hot water passage L1 that guides the hot water W to the radiator 82 and the hot water W that guides the hot water W to the hot water heating pipe 61a of the hot water preheating unit 61 of the exhaust gas boiler 60 are provided. A second hot water passage L2 and a third hot water passage L3 for guiding the hot water W to the heater 71 are provided. The hot water stored in the steam tower 92 is passed through the first hot water passage L1 and the second hot water passage L2. The water flows into the path L2 and the third hot / water flowing passage L3 in a form of being pumped by the hot / water pump P2.
The outlets of the first hot water passage L1 and the third hot water passage L3 are connected to a steam tower 92, and the second steam St2 generated by being heated by the radiator 82 and the second steam St2 being heated by the heater 71. The generated third steam St3 flows into the steam tower 92. The second steam St2 and the third steam St3 from the steam tower 92 are mixed with the first steam St1 generated in the exhaust gas boiler 60 and supplied to a steam utilization facility.
Incidentally, a seventh flow rate control valve V7 is provided in the first hot and cold water flow path L1, a ninth flow rate control valve V9 is provided in the second hot and cold water flow path L2, and an eighth flow rate control valve is provided in the third hot and cold water flow path L3. V8 is provided, and the control device R controls the steam amount of the first steam St1, the second steam St2, and the third steam St3 in a form in which each opening is adjusted.
In this configuration, the third hot water passage L3 (an example of the hot water passage), the hot water pump P2, and the steam tower 92 function as hot water supply means.

(8) In the configuration according to the above another embodiment (7), the engine 26 is provided as an example of the combustion engine, and the combustion exhaust gas E of the engine 26 (a gas after the catalytic treatment, for example, A configuration example using combustion exhaust gas of about 440 ° C. was shown.
However, the combustion engine may be configured to include a burner that mixes fuel and combustion air to burn. When this configuration is adopted, the combustion exhaust gas E as a heat medium has a high temperature of 1800 ° C. or more, depending on the combustion method in the burner, and has a high temperature of 2500 ° C. or more when performing oxygen-enriched combustion. As described above, when the high temperature combustion exhaust gas E is employed, the exhaust path 27 may be configured to guide the combustion exhaust gas E to the exhaust gas boiler 60 and then to the heater 71 of the prime mover 70. According to this configuration, it is possible to reduce the heat damage of the heater 71 and the first regenerator 73 of the prime mover 70 due to the combustion exhaust gas E having a relatively high temperature, and it can be adopted as the heater 71 and the first regenerator 73 of the prime mover 70. The choice of materials can be expanded.

(9) As another embodiment of the steam generator 100, a flue gas boiler 60 is provided as the exhaust gas boiler 60, and a factory K that generates exhaust heat, a fuel gas F, and combustion air (not shown) are used as heat sources. And a burner 93 that burns the gas.
Note that the configuration of the thermoacoustic engine 90 is the same as the configuration shown in the steam generator 100 of the above-described embodiment, and therefore, different configurations from the above-described embodiment will be described below, and the same configuration will be described. Are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.
The smoke tube boiler 60 includes a water supply storage section 63 for storing water supply (hot water W) from the outside, and a combustion exhaust gas flow pipe 27b disposed inside the water supply storage section 63. The combustion exhaust gas flow pipe 27b is disposed inside the water supply storage 63 so that the combustion exhaust gas E flows downward from above the water supply storage 63. When the flue gas E flows through the flue gas flow pipe 27b, the hot and cold water in the water supply reservoir 63 is heated and evaporated, and the first steam St1 is generated.
The exhaust passage 27 through which the combustion exhaust gas E (for example, the combustion exhaust gas of 1800 ° C. or more) from the burner 93 flows is arranged in the order of the heater 71 of the prime mover 70 and the combustion exhaust gas flow pipe 27 b of the smoke tube boiler 60 in the following order. The flue gas E is allowed to flow.
The fourth hot water passage L4 connects the lower part of the water supply storage part 63 of the smoke tube boiler 60, the hot water pump (not shown), the cooler 72 of the prime mover 70, and the upper part of the water supply storage part 63 of the smoke tube boiler 60 in the stated order. Channel. The hot and cold water guided to the cooler 72 of the prime mover 70 from the lower part of the water supply storage section 63 of the smoke tube boiler 60 is heated and evaporated by the cooler 72, and becomes the third steam St3 of the water supply storage section 63 of the smoke tube boiler 60. It flows into the upper part.
The heat medium circulation path C5 connects the factory K, a heat medium pump (not shown), a heat absorber 81 of the heat pump unit 80, and a preheater EX for preheating water supply in the stated order. The heat medium circulates through the heat medium circulation path C5 in a form in which the heat medium is pumped by a heat medium pump.
The fifth hot water flow passage L5 connects a lower portion of the water supply storage portion 63 of the smoke tube boiler 60, a hot water pump (not shown), a radiator 82 of the heat pump portion 80, and an upper portion of the water supply storage portion 63 of the smoke tube boiler 60 in the stated order. Channel. The hot and cold water guided to the radiator 82 of the heat pump unit 80 from the lower part of the water supply storage unit 63 of the smoke tube boiler 60 is heated and evaporated by the radiator 82, and becomes the second steam St2 as the water supply storage unit 63 of the smoke tube boiler 60. Flows into the upper part of.
With the above configuration, the first steam St1, the second steam St2, and the third steam St3 are supplied from the smoke tube boiler 60 to the steam utilization facility.
As the exhaust gas boiler 60, other than the smoke tube boiler, another boiler such as a once-through boiler can be suitably used.

  Note that the configuration disclosed in the above-described embodiment (including another embodiment, the same applies hereinafter) can be applied in combination with the configuration disclosed in other embodiments, as long as no contradiction occurs. The embodiment disclosed in the present specification is an exemplification, and the embodiment of the present invention is not limited thereto, and can be appropriately modified without departing from the object of the present invention.

  The steam generator of the present invention has a relatively simple configuration, is economical, and has a relatively high efficiency, while effectively utilizing relatively low-temperature exhaust heat generated from a heat source such as an internal combustion engine for steam generation. It can be effectively used as a steam generator capable of producing high efficiency without depending on the heat quantity and the target pressure.

26: Engine (combustion engine)
27: Exhaust path 60: Exhaust gas boiler 61: Hot water preheating unit 70: Motor 71: Heater 72: Cooler 73: First regenerator 80: Acoustic heat pump unit 81: Heat sink 82: Radiator 83: Second regenerator 90 : Thermoacoustic engine 91: Cooling tower 92: Steam tower 100: Steam generator C: Cooling water circulation path C1: First cooling water circulation path C2: Second cooling water circulation path EX: Preheater L: Hot water circulation path P1: Cooling water circulation Pump P2: Hot water pump R: Control device T: Sound tube V5: Three-way flow control valve

Claims (8)

A steam generator that generates steam by the heat generated from a heat source,
A heater for heating the working medium from the outside, a cooler for cooling the working medium from the outside, and acoustic energy of the sound wave between the heater and the cooler are filled in the acoustic cylinder in which the working medium is filled and the sound wave propagates. And at least one prime mover comprising a first regenerator for amplifying the heat, a heat absorber for absorbing the heat from the outside of the working medium, a radiator for the working medium to radiate heat to the outside, the heat absorber and the radiator. A thermoacoustic engine provided with at least one acoustic heat pump section comprising a second regenerator that compresses and expands in a form in which sound waves consume acoustic energy.
A heat medium passage that guides the heat medium having the heat generated from the heat source to both the heater and the heat absorber,
A refrigerant passage that guides a refrigerant having cold generated from a cold source to the cooler,
A steam supply device comprising: hot water supply means for guiding hot water to the radiator to heat and evaporate the hot water with the heat radiated from the radiator. The heat medium passage includes a first heat medium passage and a second heat medium passage that branch a heat medium having heat from the heat source and flow in parallel.
The first heat medium passage is arranged to guide the heat medium to the heater, and the second heat medium passage is arranged to guide the heat medium to the heat absorber. Item 2. The steam generator according to Item 1.   3. A flow rate adjusting means for adjusting a flow rate ratio between a flow rate of the heat medium flowing through the first heat medium flow path and a flow rate of the heat medium flowing through the second heat medium flow path. The steam generator according to claim 1.   4. The steam generator according to claim 3, further comprising: a controller that controls the flow rate ratio adjustment by the flow rate ratio adjusting unit based on a heat quantity related value related to a heat quantity given to the heat medium by the heat source. 5.   The heat medium flow path guides the heat medium having recovered heat from the heat source to the heater and the heat absorber, and then guides the heat medium to a preheater that preheats hot water before being guided to the radiator. The steam generator according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which is arranged as follows. An engine is provided as the heat source,
An exhaust gas boiler that generates steam using the heat held by the combustion exhaust gas discharged from the engine as a heat source,
The steam generator according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising an engine cooling water circulation path that circulates engine cooling water of the engine as the heat medium passage. The heat source is a combustion engine that discharges combustion exhaust gas,
An exhaust path for guiding combustion exhaust gas as the heat medium to the heater as the heat medium passage,
The coolant passage includes a water passage that guides water as the coolant to the cooler,
2. The steam generator according to claim 1, wherein the hot water passage serves as hot water supply means for heating and evaporating hot water with the heat radiated from the cooler. 3. An exhaust gas boiler that generates steam using the heat held by the combustion exhaust gas discharged from the combustion engine as a heat source,
The steam generator according to claim 7, wherein the exhaust path guides combustion exhaust gas of the combustion engine in the order of the heater and the exhaust gas boiler.

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