JP6622194B2 - 連続ガス発酵のための多段リアクタシステム及びプロセス - Google Patents
連続ガス発酵のための多段リアクタシステム及びプロセス Download PDFInfo
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- JP6622194B2 JP6622194B2 JP2016523690A JP2016523690A JP6622194B2 JP 6622194 B2 JP6622194 B2 JP 6622194B2 JP 2016523690 A JP2016523690 A JP 2016523690A JP 2016523690 A JP2016523690 A JP 2016523690A JP 6622194 B2 JP6622194 B2 JP 6622194B2
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- bioreactor
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Description
本出願は、米国特許法111(a)条の下での非仮出願であり、米国特許法119(e)条の下で2013年7月4日に出願された米国仮出願第61/843,046号の優先権の利益を主張するものであり、その全体が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
6CO+3H2O→C2H5OH+4CO2
12H2+4CO2→2C2H5OH+6H2O
CO2の生成は、全体的な炭素捕捉の非効率を表しており、放出される場合、温室効果ガス排出に寄与する可能性もある。
a.発酵ブロスを生成するための1つ以上の微生物によるガス状基質の発酵に適合した2つ以上の一次バイオリアクタと、
b.1つ以上の生成物を生成するための1つ以上の微生物によるガス状基質の発酵に適合した1つ以上の二次バイオリアクタと、
c.中央ブリードラインと、を備え、
システムの一次バイオリアクタのうちの少なくとも2つは、中央ブリードラインを介して互いに流体連通可能であり、かつ少なくとも1つの二次バイオリアクタと流体連通可能である、システムが提供される。一実施形態では、一次バイオリアクタの発酵ブロスで生成された1つ以上の酸の少なくとも一部は、1つ以上の二次バイオリアクタ(複数可)でその対応するアルコールに変換される。
a.液体栄養培地を含む第1の一次バイオリアクタにガス状基質を供給することと、
b.第1の一次バイオリアクタに1つ以上の微生物を植菌することと、
c.ガス状基質を発酵させて、1つ以上の微生物及び1つ以上の生成物を含む発酵ブロスを生成することと、
d.第1の一次バイオリアクタから発酵ブロスの少なくとも一部を流して、中央ブリードラインを介して1つ以上の他の一次バイオリアクタに植菌することと、
e.微生物増殖を主に促進する条件で少なくとも1つの他の一次バイオリアクタを操作することと、
f.1つ以上の一次バイオリアクタから発酵ブロスの少なくとも一部を流して、中央ブリードラインを介して1つ以上の二次バイオリアクタに植菌することと、を含む、プロセスが提供される。
a.1つ以上の微生物を含有する液体栄養培地を含む2つ以上の一次バイオリアクタにガス状基質を供給することと、
b.2つ以上の一次バイオリアクタ内のガス状基質を発酵させて、1つ以上の微生物及び1つ以上の生成物を含む発酵ブロスを生成することと、
c.中央ブリードラインを介して1つの一次バイオリアクタから1つ以上の二次バイオリアクタに発酵ブロスの少なくとも一部を流すことと、
d.(c)の一次バイオリアクタのうちの1つ以上が操作可能であるか否かを決定することであって、一次バイオリアクタのうちの1つ以上が操作不能な場合、1つ以上の操作可能な一次バイオリアクタからの発酵ブロスの少なくとも一部が、中央ブリードラインを介して(c)の1つ以上の二次バイオリアクタに提供される、決定することと、を含む、プロセスが提供される。
特に定義されない限り、本明細書全体にわたって使用されるような以下の用語は、次のように定義される。
ガス状基質(上記の背景技術の項で記載されたものなど)からエタノール及び他のアルコールの生成のためのプロセスは既知である。例示的プロセスとしては、例えば、国際特許公開第2007/117157号及び国際特許公開第2008/115080号、ならびに米国特許第6,340,581号、同第6,136,577号、同第5,593,886号、同第5,807,722号、及び同第5,821,111号に記載されるものが挙げられ、これらの各々が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
CnHm+nH2O→nCO+(m/2+n)H2
本発明のある特定の実施形態によれば、CO2除去に使用されるシステムは、混合流からCO2を選択的に分離するための手段、CO2を生成物に変換する手段、及び/またはCO2を貯蔵もしくはさらなる使用のために用意するための手段を含む。あるいは、このプロセスは、流中のCO2を生成物及び/または貯蔵もしくはさらなる使用に好適な物質に直接変換するための手段を含む。
本発明のある特定の実施形態によれば、ガス分離に使用されるプロセスは、極低温分別法、分子ふるい法、吸着法、圧力スイング吸着法、または吸収法のうちの1つ以上のステップを含む。どのプロセスが使用されるにしても、ガス分離を実施して、ガス流から以下の成分:H2、O2、CO2、及びCOのうちの1つ以上の少なくとも一部を単離することができる。加えてまたはあるいは、本発明の実施形態によるガス分離は、ガス流(例えば、N2、O2)から1つ以上の部分を除去するために使用され、それにより残りは、バイオリアクタなどでより効率的に使用され得るようにする。
本発明の様々な態様によれば、発酵基質は、産業発生源から誘導される。典型的には、産業発生源由来の基質はガス状であり、このようなガスは、組成及び/または圧力が様々である場合があり、場合によっては間欠性であり得る。ある特定の実施形態では、本発明は、特に基質供給が間欠的または非連続的性質である場合に、生成物を生成するために発酵用バイオリアクタへのガス状基質の供給を改良及び/または「滑らかに」するための手段を提供する。ガス状基質流の連続性を改良または「平滑化」するための任意の既知の手段が使用され得るが、本発明の特定の実施形態は、間欠的な基質流を受容し、かつ実質的に連続した基質流をバイオリアクタに送達するように適合された少なくとも1つの緩衝手段を含むプロセスまたはシステムを含む。
本発明の他の態様によれば、産業廃ガスが発酵反応に使用され、その際、それに好適なガスにするために使用される追加のスクラビングまたは前処理ステップがないかまたはごく最小限である。
前述のように、発酵反応の効率、アルコール生成、及び/または全体的な炭素捕捉を改善するために、産業廃水流を1つ以上のさらなる流とブレンドすることが望ましい場合がある。理論に拘束されることを望むものではないが、本発明のいくつかの実施形態では、カルボキシド栄養性細菌は、下記に従ってCOをエタノールに変換する。
6CO+12H2+3H2O→C2H5OH+4CO2
しかしながら、H2の存在下では、全体的な変換は次の通りである。
6CO+12H2+3H2O→3C2H5OH
Claims (9)
- 複数のバイオリアクタにわたってガス状基質の安定した発酵を維持するためのプロセスであって、
a.1つ以上の微生物を含有する液体栄養培地を含む2つ以上の一次バイオリアクタにガス状基質を供給することと、
b.前記2つ以上の一次バイオリアクタ内の前記ガス状基質を発酵させて、1つ以上の微生物及び1つ以上の生成物を含む発酵ブロスを生成することと、
c.中央ブリードラインを介して1つの一次バイオリアクタから1つ以上の二次バイオリアクタに前記発酵ブロスの少なくとも一部を流すことと、
d.(c)の前記一次バイオリアクタのうちの1つ以上が操作可能であるか否かを決定することとを含み、ここで、前記一次バイオリアクタのうちの1つ以上が操作不能な場合、1つ以上の操作可能な一次バイオリアクタからの発酵ブロスの少なくとも一部が、前記中央ブリードラインを介して(c)の前記1つ以上の二次バイオリアクタに提供される、前記プロセス。 - 前記一次バイオリアクタは、微生物増殖を主に促進する条件で操作され、前記二次バイオリアクタは、1つ以上の生成物を主に生成する条件で操作される、請求項1に記載の前記プロセス。
- 中央ブリードラインを利用して複数のバイオリアクタに植菌するためのプロセスであって、
a.液体栄養培地を含む第1の一次バイオリアクタにガス状基質を供給することと、
b.前記第1の一次バイオリアクタに1つ以上の微生物を植菌することと、
c.前記ガス状基質を発酵させて、1つ以上の微生物及び1つ以上の生成物を含む発酵ブロスを生成することと、
d.中央ブリードラインを介して前記第1の一次バイオリアクタから前記発酵ブロスの少なくとも一部を流して1つ以上の他の一次バイオリアクタまたは二次バイオリアクタに、実質的に同時に植菌することと、
e.微生物増殖を主に促進する条件で前記1つ以上の他の一次バイオリアクタを操作することと、
f.前記中央ブリードラインを介して前記1つ以上の一次バイオリアクタから前記発酵ブロスの少なくとも一部を同時に流して、1つ以上の二次バイオリアクタに植菌することとを含み、前記二次バイオリアクタは、前記1つ以上の生成物を主に生成する条件で操作される、前記プロセス。 - 中央ブリードラインを利用して複数のバイオリアクタに植菌するためのプロセスであって、
a.液体栄養培地を含む第1の一次バイオリアクタにガス状基質を供給することと、
b.前記第1の一次バイオリアクタに1つ以上の微生物を植菌することと、
c.前記ガス状基質を発酵させて、1つ以上の微生物及び1つ以上の生成物を含む発酵ブロスを生成することと、
d.中央ブリードラインを介して前記第1の一次バイオリアクタから前記発酵ブロスの少なくとも一部を流して、少なくとも1つの他の一次バイオリアクタに植菌することと、
e.微生物増殖を主に促進する条件で前記少なくとも1つの他の一次バイオリアクタを操作することと、
f.前記中央ブリードラインを介して前記1つ以上の一次バイオリアクタから前記発酵ブロスの少なくとも一部を流して、少なくとも1つの二次バイオリアクタに植菌することとを含み、前記二次バイオリアクタは、前記1つ以上の生成物を主に生成する条件で操作される、前記プロセス。 - 前記一次バイオリアクタまたは二次バイオリアクタへの前記ガス状基質の前記供給が限られているかどうかを決定することをさらに含み、ガス状基質の前記供給が限られている場合、少なくとも1つの一次バイオリアクタまたは二次バイオリアクタは、前記ガス状基質の十分な供給が再開するまで一時的に停止される、請求項2に記載の前記プロセス。
- 少なくとも1つの一次バイオリアクタまたは少なくとも1つの二次バイオリアクタが操作不能となるとき、1つ以上の操作可能な一次バイオリアクタまたは1つ以上の操作可能な二次バイオリアクタ内の発酵ブロスの体積を増加させることと、前記ガス状基質を前記操作不能なバイオリアクタから前記操作可能なバイオリアクタに迂回させ、それにより安定した生成物形成を維持することと、をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の前記プロセス。
- (d)の前記操作不能な一次バイオリアクタは、前記中央ブリードラインを介して1つ以上の操作可能な一次バイオリアクタによって再植菌される、請求項1に記載の前記プロセス。
- 前記生成物は、エタノール、2,3−ブタンジオール、及び酢酸塩からなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の前記プロセス。
- 前記ガス状基質は、CO、CO2、H2、またはこれらの混合物からなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の前記プロセス。
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