JP6618731B2 - Braking device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a braking device, and more particularly to a device for stopping or decelerating a moving object using friction.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a device that stops or decelerates a moving object using friction is known. For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2011-012750 discloses a braking device including a bearing provided with a friction material, a shaft inserted through the bearing, and a one-way clutch that rotates the shaft only in one direction. Yes. This device generates friction between the shaft and the bearing during normal rotation of the shaft. However, the friction between the shaft and the bearing is configured to occur even when the shaft is reversed. Therefore, this device uses a one-way clutch to prevent the shaft from reversing. According to this apparatus, the movement of the object can be stopped or decelerated only when the object to be controlled (hereinafter, the object to be controlled is simply referred to as “object”) rotates in one direction. it can. Hereinafter, the ability to stop or decelerate the movement of an object only when the object rotates in one direction is referred to as “unidirectional”.

  However, in the prior art, a one-way clutch is required to regulate the rotation direction of the shaft. Accordingly, since the number of parts is large, the number of assembling steps is inevitably increased, resulting in a problem that the manufacturing cost is high. In addition, since the dimensional accuracy of the shaft attached to the one-way clutch is high and the surface hardness of the shaft is also required, there is a problem that the processing cost of the shaft is high. Furthermore, there is a problem that the one-way clutch is provided to increase the size of the apparatus.

JP 2011-012750 A

  The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a braking device that can realize unidirectionality without restricting the rotation direction of a member that rotates in conjunction with an object.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides the following braking device.
1. A braking chamber and a working chamber having a stop surface facing the braking surface , a shaft disposed in the working chamber and displaceable in the working chamber, and an elastic body, and the braking surface when the shaft is displaced in one direction A first portion having a surface in contact with the elastic member, and a second portion comprising an elastic body and having a surface in contact with the braking surface when the shaft is displaced in the reverse direction, and is rotatable about the shaft such a brake shoe, is larger than the dynamic frictional force when the dynamic friction force when the first portion and the braking surface is in contact is in contact with the second portion and the braking surface, and wherein A brake device, comprising: a first stop portion that stops rotation of the brake shoe by contacting the stop surface when the shaft is displaced in a reverse direction .
2. A braking chamber and a working chamber having a stop surface facing the braking surface, a shaft disposed in the working chamber and displaceable in the working chamber, and an elastic body, and the braking surface when the shaft is displaced in one direction A first portion having a surface in contact with the elastic member, and a second portion comprising an elastic body and having a surface in contact with the braking surface when the shaft is displaced in the reverse direction, and is rotatable about the shaft A dynamic friction force when the braking surface and the first portion are in contact with each other is larger than a dynamic friction force when the braking surface and the second portion are in contact with each other, and A brake device, comprising: a second stop portion that stops rotation of the brake shoe by contacting the stop surface when the shaft is displaced in one direction.
3. A working chamber having a braking surface, a shaft disposed in the working chamber and displaceable in the working chamber, and an elastic body, and a first surface having a surface that contacts the braking surface when the shaft is displaced in one direction. And a second portion having a surface that comes into contact with the braking surface when the shaft is displaced in the opposite direction, and includes a brake shoe that is rotatable about the shaft, A dynamic frictional force when the surface is in contact with the first part is larger than a dynamic frictional force when the braking surface and the second part are in contact, and the distance between the braking surface and the shaft is A braking device characterized by being not constant.

  According to the above configuration of the present invention, unidirectionality can be realized without restricting the rotation direction of a member that rotates in conjunction with an object. In addition, since the one-way clutch is unnecessary according to the present invention, it is possible to solve all the problems caused by providing the one-way clutch.

FIG. 1 is a plan view of a braking apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a front view of the braking apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along a line AA in FIG. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB in FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line CC of FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line DD in FIG. FIG. 7 is a plan view of the first member employed in Example 1 of the present invention. 8 is a cross-sectional view taken along line EE in FIG. FIG. 9 is a plan view of the lid employed in Example 1 of the present invention. FIG. 10 is a plan view of the second member employed in Example 1 of the present invention. 11 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line FF in FIG. FIG. 12 is a plan view of the brake shoe employed in Example 1 of the present invention. FIG. 13 is a front view of the brake shoe employed in Example 1 of the present invention. FIG. 14 is a plan view showing another embodiment of the brake shoe. FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view for explaining the operation of the braking device. FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view for explaining the operation of the braking device. FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view of the braking system related to Example 2 of the present invention.

  Hereinafter, the embodiment of the present invention will be described more specifically based on examples of the present invention, but the technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the contents of the following description.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 6, the braking device according to the first embodiment of the present invention includes a first member 10, a lid 11, a second member 12, a shaft 13, and a brake shoe 14.

  As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the first member 10 includes a peripheral wall 10a, a bottom wall 10b, and a flange 10c. The peripheral wall 10a is cylindrical (refer FIG. 7). A bottom wall 10b provided on one end side of the peripheral wall 10a is formed integrally with the peripheral wall 10a (see FIG. 8). The bottom wall 10b includes a hole 10d into which the shaft portion 12b of the second member 12 is inserted and a hole 10e into which the shaft 13 is inserted (see FIGS. 7 and 8). The flange 10c is formed integrally with the peripheral wall 10a so as to protrude outward from the peripheral wall 10a. In a typical use example of the present embodiment, the first member 10 is fixed to an object. The bolt for fixing the first member 10 is inserted into a hole 10f formed in the flange 10c (see FIG. 7).

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 4 to 6, the lid 11 is attached to the other end of the peripheral wall 10 a. The lid 11 is prevented from falling off by caulking the end of the peripheral wall 10a (see FIGS. 4 to 6). The lid 11 includes a hole 11a into which the shaft portion 12c of the second member 12 is inserted and a hole 11b into which the shaft 13 is inserted (see FIG. 9). In order to normally displace the shaft 13 in the working chamber 15, the lid 11 preferably rotates stably together with the bottom wall 10b. In this embodiment, the concave portion 11c is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the lid 11, and the convex portion 10g is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the peripheral wall 10a, and the concave portion 11c and the convex portion 10g are engaged, whereby the lid 11 and the bottom wall 10b are joined together. (See FIGS. 7 and 9).

  As shown in FIGS. 3 to 6, the second member 12 is provided inside the first member 10. The second member 12 has an outer diameter substantially equal to the inner diameter of the peripheral wall 10a, and has a disk-shaped main body portion 12a having a height substantially equal to the distance between the bottom wall 10b and the lid 11, and both surfaces of the main body portion 12a. Shaft portions 12b and 12c that protrude from each other are provided (see FIGS. 10 and 11). The second member 12 includes an arc-shaped hole 12d penetrating the main body 12a in the height direction (see FIGS. 10 and 11). In this embodiment, a space surrounded by the inner surface of the hole 12d, the lower surface of the lid 11, and the upper surface of the bottom wall 10b is the working chamber 15 (see FIGS. 3 and 6). The working chamber 15 has a braking surface 15a and a stop surface 15b. In the present embodiment, the curved surface existing at the outer position in the inner surface of the hole 12d is the braking surface 15a, and the curved surface existing at the position facing the braking surface 15a in the inner surface of the hole 12d is the stop surface 15b (FIG. 10). And FIG. 11). In a typical use example of the present embodiment, the second member 12 is an axis (not shown in the figure. In the following, this axis is simply referred to as “the axis of the object”). Connected. The second member 12 includes a hole 12e to which an object axis is coupled (see FIGS. 10 and 11).

  In a typical use example of this embodiment, when the object moves in one direction, the first member 10 rotates forward (rotates counterclockwise in FIG. 3) around the second member 12. When the object moves in the reverse direction, the first member 10 reverses around the second member 12 (rotates in the clockwise direction in FIG. 3), but is not limited thereto. For example, when the axis of the object rotates in conjunction with the movement of the object, the first member 10 may be fixed so as not to rotate, and the second member 12 may be rotated inside the first member 10. Good. Further, when the object and the axis of the object rotate in opposite directions, both the first member 10 and the second member 12 may be rotated in opposite directions.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the shaft 13 is disposed in the working chamber 15. The shaft 13 is fixed to the first member 10 and the lid 11 (see FIGS. 1, 3 and 5). More specifically, one end of the shaft 13 inserted into the hole 10e formed in the bottom wall 10b is fixed to the bottom wall 10b, and the other end of the shaft 13 inserted into the hole 11b formed in the lid 11 is the lid 11. It is fixed to. This shaft 13 can be displaced in the working chamber 15. That is, when the first member 10 rotates around the second member 12, the shaft 13 moves in the working chamber 15 in conjunction with the rotation of the first member 10, so that the shaft 13 moves to the working chamber 15. The position within can be changed. On the other hand, when the second member 12 rotates inside the first member 10, the position of the shaft 13 in the working chamber 15 can be changed by the rotation of the second member 12.

  As shown in FIGS. 3 and 5, the brake shoe 14 is disposed between the braking surface 15 a and the shaft 13. The brake shoe 14 is attached to the shaft 13 so that it can rotate around the shaft 13. The brake shoe 14 employed in this embodiment includes a semicircular groove 14c into which the shaft 13 is fitted (see FIGS. 12 and 13).

  As shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, the brake shoe 14 employed in this embodiment further includes a first portion 14a, a second portion 14b, a first stop portion 14d, and a second stop portion 14e. ing.

  The first portion 14a is a portion having a surface that contacts the braking surface 15a when the shaft 13 is displaced in one direction. The second portion 14b is a portion having a surface that contacts the braking surface 15a when the shaft 13 is displaced in the reverse direction. The first portion 14a and the second portion 14b are made of an elastic body such as rubber or elastomer, and generate elasticity that pushes the braking surface 15a by deformation. The radial length D1 from the inner peripheral surface of the groove 14c to the outer surface of the second portion 14b is larger than the interval between the shaft 13 and the braking surface 15a (the radial length from the outer peripheral surface of the shaft 13 to the braking surface 15a). The radial length D2 from the inner peripheral surface of the groove 14c to the outer surface of the first portion 14a is set longer than D1. This is because the elasticity of the first portion 14a when the first portion 14a is in contact with the braking surface 15a and the elasticity of the second portion 14b when the second portion 14b is in contact with the braking surface 15a. It is for making it larger. According to this configuration, the dynamic friction force when the braking surface 15a and the first portion 14a are in contact is greater than the dynamic friction force when the braking surface 15a and the second portion 14b are in contact.

  In the configuration of the brake shoe 14, the first portion 14a and the second portion 14b may be clearly distinguished, and there is an overlapping portion between the first portion 14a and the second portion 14b. Also good. The brake shoe 14 of the present embodiment has an overlapping portion between the first portion 14a and the second portion 14b, and therefore, when the first portion 14a contacts the braking surface 15a, the second portion 14b. Is also configured to simultaneously contact the braking surface 15a.

  The first stop portion 14d is a portion that functions to stop the rotation of the brake shoe 14 by contacting the stop surface 15b when the shaft 13 is displaced in the reverse direction (see FIG. 16). Since the rotation of the brake shoe 14 is stopped by the first stop portion 14d, the contact state between the braking surface 15a and the second portion 14b is maintained. That is, when the shaft 13 is displaced in the reverse direction, the brake shoe 14 rotates excessively. As a result, when the braking surface 15a and the second portion 14b are not in contact with each other, the brake shoe 14 rotates normally thereafter. It becomes difficult. The first stop portion 14d can effectively prevent this.

  The second stop portion 14e is a portion that functions to stop the rotation of the brake shoe 14 by contacting the stop surface 15b when the shaft 13 is displaced in one direction (see FIG. 15). Since the rotation of the brake shoe 14 is stopped by the second stop portion 14e, when the shaft 13 is displaced in one direction, the first portion 14a reliably contacts the braking surface 15a and stably generates the braking force. It becomes possible.

  In the present embodiment, the entire brake shoe 14 is formed of an elastic body, but is not limited thereto. For example, as shown in FIG. 14, a portion 14f other than the first portion 14a and the second portion 14b is made of a material that is difficult to deform (for example, metal or hard material) different from the first portion 14a and the second portion 14b. It may be made of plastic or the like. In this embodiment, one brake shoe 14 is composed of a single part. However, as shown in FIG. 14, one brake shoe 14 may be composed of a plurality of parts. .

  The braking device configured as described above operates as follows. That is, when the first member 10 rotates forward, the shaft 13 moves in one direction (hereinafter, this direction is referred to as “braking direction”) as the first member 10 rotates (see FIG. 15). ). At this time, the first portion 14a of the brake shoe 14 comes into contact with the braking surface 15a, whereby the first portion 14a is compressed and deformed between the braking surface 15a and the shaft 13. As a result, the brake shoe 14 moves while pushing the braking surface 15a by the elasticity of the first portion 14a, so that the friction between the brake shoe 14 and the second member 12 stops or decelerates the movement of the object. Will occur.

  When the first member 10 is reversed, the shaft 13 moves in the reverse direction (see FIG. 16). At this time, the second portion 14b of the brake shoe 14 contacts the braking surface 15a, whereby the second portion 14b is compressed and deformed between the braking surface 15a and the shaft 13. However, since the elasticity of the second portion 14b generated at this time is smaller than the elasticity of the first portion 14a generated when the shaft 13 moves in the braking direction, the brake shoe 14 and the second member 12 There is no friction to stop or decelerate the movement of the object.

  As described above, in the braking device according to the present embodiment, the dynamic friction force when the braking surface 15a and the first portion 14a are in contact is the dynamic friction force when the braking surface 15a and the second portion 14b are in contact. The configuration is greater than the force. Therefore, according to this braking device, unidirectionality can be realized without restricting the rotation direction of the member (in this embodiment, the first member 10) that rotates in conjunction with the object. Moreover, since this braking device does not require a one-way clutch, the number of parts is very small. Therefore, there are advantages that the number of assembly steps is very small and the manufacturing cost is low. In addition, this braking device has a simple configuration and does not require a one-way clutch, so that the device can be downsized.

  As shown in FIG. 17, the braking device according to the second embodiment of the present invention is different from the braking device according to the first embodiment in that the distance between the braking surface 15a and the shaft 13 is not constant.

  In the first embodiment described above, the distance between the braking surface 15a and the shaft 13, that is, the radial length from the braking surface 15a to the outer peripheral surface of the shaft 13 is constant within a range in which the shaft 13 can be displaced. In this case, the dynamic friction force is constant because the elasticity of the first portion 14a of the brake shoe 14 does not change while the shaft 13 moves in the braking direction.

  In contrast, in this embodiment, the distance between the braking surface 15a and the shaft 13 is reduced as the shaft 13 moves in the braking direction. That is, in this embodiment, since the distance between the braking surface 15a and the shaft 13 is not constant, the first portion 14a of the brake shoe 14 is more strongly compressed when the distance is narrow than when the distance is wide. Therefore, the elasticity of the first portion 14a of the brake shoe 14 changes while the shaft 13 moves in the braking direction, and as a result, the dynamic friction force changes. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to change the braking force that decelerates or stops the movement of the object within a range in which the shaft 13 can be displaced.

10 first member 10a peripheral wall 10b bottom wall 10c flange 10d, 10e, 10f hole 10g convex part 11 lid 11a, 11b hole 11c concave part 12 second member 12a body part 12b, 12c shaft part 12d, 12e hole 13 shaft 14 brake Shoe 14a First portion 14b Second portion 14c Groove 14d First stop portion 14e Second stop portion 15 Working chamber 15a Braking surface 15b Stopping surface

Claims (3)

A working chamber having a braking surface and a stop surface facing the braking surface ;
Wherein arranged in the working chamber, the axis can be displaced in the working chamber, and
A first portion made of an elastic body and having a surface that contacts the braking surface when the shaft is displaced in one direction; and an elastic body that contacts the braking surface when the shaft is displaced in the opposite direction. A second portion having a surface that includes a brake shoe rotatable about the axis ;
The dynamic friction force when the braking surface and the first portion are in contact is greater than the dynamic friction force when the braking surface and the second portion are in contact ; and
The braking device according to claim 1, wherein the brake shoe includes a first stop portion that stops rotation of the brake shoe by contacting the stop surface when the shaft is displaced in the reverse direction . A working chamber having a braking surface and a stop surface facing the braking surface;
An axis disposed within the working chamber and displaceable within the working chamber; and
A first portion made of an elastic body and having a surface that contacts the braking surface when the shaft is displaced in one direction; and an elastic body that contacts the braking surface when the shaft is displaced in the opposite direction. Brake shoe comprising a second part having a surface to rotate and rotatable about said axis
With
The dynamic frictional force when the braking surface and the first part are in contact is greater than the dynamic frictional force when the braking surface and the second part are in contact; and the brake shoe has the shaft There wherein you wherein dynamic braking device further comprising a second stop for stopping the rotation of said brake shoe by abutting the stop surface when displaced in one direction. A working chamber having a braking surface,
An axis disposed within the working chamber and displaceable within the working chamber; and
A first portion made of an elastic body and having a surface that contacts the braking surface when the shaft is displaced in one direction; and an elastic body that contacts the braking surface when the shaft is displaced in the opposite direction. Brake shoe comprising a second part having a surface to rotate and rotatable about said axis
With
The dynamic friction force when the braking surface and the first portion are in contact is greater than the dynamic friction force when the braking surface and the second portion are in contact; and
It said braking surface and <br/> features and to that dynamic braking device that spacing of the axes is not constant.

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