JP6613746B2 - Drying system - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a drying system for drying a hydrous solid such as a hydrous solid fuel.

  Coal is a natural resource that can be stably supplied over a long period because it has a recoverable life of about 150 years, which is more than three times that of oil, and because the reserves are not unevenly distributed compared to oil. As expected. Coal is classified into peat, lignite, lignite, sub-bituminous coal, bituminous coal, semi-anthracite, and anthracite in ascending order of carbon content. The water content (water content) is higher than semi-anthracite and anthracite (hereinafter referred to as anthracite).

  Among hydrous solid fuels, lignite is said to occupy half of the world's coal reserves, so effective utilization of lignite is being studied. However, as described above, a hydrated solid fuel such as lignite has a higher moisture content than anthracite and the like, and therefore has a low calorific value per unit weight and a low energy efficiency as a fuel for transportation costs.

  Therefore, a heat transfer tube is arranged in the fluidized bed chamber where the fluidized bed of the hydrous solid fuel is formed, and the steam generated by heating the hydrous solid fuel is compressed by the compressor and distributed to the heat transfer tube as high-temperature and high-pressure steam. By doing so, a technique for transferring the heat of water vapor to the hydrated solid fuel to dry the hydrated solid fuel has been developed (for example, Patent Document 1). In this technique, the high-temperature and high-pressure steam generated by the compressor is also supplied to the fluidized bed chamber and functions as a fluidized gas for fluidizing the hydrous solid fuel.

International Publication No. 2012/141217

  In the technique of Patent Document 1, only water vapor generated from the hydrous solid fuel is supplied to the heat transfer tube and the fluidized bed chamber. Therefore, when the supply amount of the hydrated solid fuel to the fluidized bed chamber fluctuates or the moisture content of the hydrated solid fuel to be supplied to the fluidized bed chamber fluctuates, the steam supplied to the heat transfer tube, the fluidized bed There is a risk that the balance with the water vapor supplied to the chamber may be lost, and drying may be prolonged or a fluidized bed may not be formed.

  Here, in order to avoid prolonged drying time, it is conceivable to increase the temperature of the steam supplied to the heat transfer tubes by increasing the number of rotations of the compressor. ).

  Therefore, there is a demand for the development of a technology that can reduce the consumption energy and efficiently dry the hydrated solid fuel even when the supply amount of the hydrated solid fuel or the moisture content of the hydrated solid fuel varies.

  Therefore, in view of such problems, the present invention can efficiently dry a hydrated solid even when the supply amount of the hydrated solid such as a hydrated solid fuel or the moisture content of the hydrated solid varies. Is intended to provide a simple drying system.

In order to solve the above-described problem, the drying system of the present invention includes a first storage unit that stores a hydrated solid, and a first steam that is vaporized by heating the hydrated solid in the first storage unit. resulted in an external, and the mixing steam generating unit for generating a mixed vapor by mixing the second vapor is a vapor of a higher temperature than the first steam, the mixed steam generated by mixing the steam generating unit of the first housing portion A first fluidized gas supply unit that is supplied from the bottom surface and flows a hydrated solid in the first storage unit to form a fluidized bed, and the mixed steam generated by the mixed steam generation unit is distributed in the first storage unit. In addition, in the distribution process, the first heat transfer section that heats the hydrated solid with the heat of the mixed steam, the temperature sensor that measures the temperature of the fluidized bed in the first accommodating section, and the measured temperature of the fluidized bed Depending on A flow control unit for controlling the flow rate of the second steam mixing steam generating unit are mixed, and a second storage portion for storing the dried water-containing solids in the first housing portion, hydrous solid in the second housing portion is heated A second fluidized gas supply unit configured to supply the third water vapor, which is vaporized by being vaporized, from the bottom surface of the second storage unit, to flow a hydrated solid in the second storage unit to form a fluidized bed; And a second heat transfer part that heats the hydrated solid material with the heat of the second steam in the distribution process .

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, another drying system of the present invention includes a first storage unit that stores a hydrated solid, and a first steam that is vaporized by heating the hydrated solid in the first storage unit. A mixed water vapor generating unit that generates a mixed water vapor by mixing the water vapor and a second water vapor that is generated at a temperature higher than the first water vapor, and the mixed water vapor generated by the mixed water vapor generating unit is first accommodated. The first fluidized gas supply unit that is supplied from the bottom surface of the unit and causes the hydrous solids to flow in the first storage unit to form a fluidized bed, and the mixed steam generated by the mixed steam generation unit disposed in the first storage unit together but flows in the distribution process, a first heat transfer section for heating the water solids heat of the mixed vapor, and a flow rate sensor for measuring the flow rate of the mixed steam mixing steam generating unit has generated was measured In accordance with the flow rate of the case steam, a flow control unit for controlling the flow rate of the second steam mixing steam generating unit are mixed, and a second storage portion for storing the dried water-containing solids in the first housing portion, the second The second flow is to supply the third water vapor, which is vaporized by heating the water-containing solid in the housing portion, from the bottom surface of the second housing portion, and flow the water-containing solid in the second housing portion to form a fluidized bed. A gasification gas supply unit, and a second heat transfer unit that is disposed in the second storage unit and circulates the second water vapor, and heats the hydrated solids with the heat of the second water vapor in the distribution process. It is characterized by.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, another drying system of the present invention includes a storage unit that stores a hydrated solid, a first water vapor that is vaporized by heating the hydrated solid in the storage unit, and an external Heat exchange with the second water vapor, which is higher than the first water vapor, and the first water vapor heated by the heat exchange unit from the bottom surface of the housing unit. A fluidized gas supply unit configured to flow and form a fluidized bed by flowing water-containing solids in the storage unit, a temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of the fluidized bed in the storage unit, and a temperature according to the measured temperature of the fluidized bed. And a flow rate control unit for controlling the flow rate of the second water vapor supplied to the exchange unit.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, another drying system of the present invention includes a first storage unit that stores a hydrated solid, and a first steam that is vaporized by heating the hydrated solid in the first storage unit. and water vapor, generated externally, a second and a steam is steam of a higher temperature than the first steam to the heat exchanger, a heat exchange section for heating a first steam, the first steam heated by the heat exchanger the supplied from the bottom surface of the first housing portion, for measuring a first fluidizing gas supply unit that forms a water-containing solid to flow fluidized layer in the first container, the flow rate of the first steam discharged from the first housing portion A flow rate sensor, a flow rate control unit for controlling the flow rate of the second water vapor supplied to the heat exchange unit according to the measured flow rate of the first water vapor, and the hydrated solid material dried in the first storage unit are accommodated. The second container and the water-containing solid in the second container A second fluidized gas supply unit configured to supply third water vapor, which is vaporized by heating the material, from the bottom surface of the second storage unit, and to flow a hydrous solid in the second storage unit to form a fluidized bed; And a heat transfer section that is arranged in the second storage section and circulates the second water vapor, and heats the hydrated solid with the heat of the second water vapor in the distribution process .

  Further, the hydrated solid is a hydrated solid fuel, further comprising: a boiler that burns the dried hydrated solid fuel to heat the water to generate steam; and a steam turbine that generates power using the steam generated by the boiler. The second steam may be steam that has passed through the steam turbine.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, even if it is a case where the supply amount of water-containing solids, such as a water-containing solid fuel, and the water content of a water-containing solid are fluctuate | varied, it becomes possible to dry a water-containing solid efficiently.

It is a figure for demonstrating free water and combined water. It is a figure showing the schematic diagram of the drying system concerning a 1st embodiment. It is a figure which shows the schematic of the drying system concerning 2nd Embodiment.

  Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The dimensions, materials, and other specific numerical values shown in the embodiments are merely examples for facilitating the understanding of the invention, and do not limit the present invention unless otherwise specified. In the present specification and drawings, elements having substantially the same function and configuration are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted, and elements not directly related to the present invention are not illustrated. To do.

(First embodiment: drying system 100)
FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining free water and combined water. In addition, in FIG. 1, the ratio (water content of lignite) of the water contained in lignite is shown on a horizontal axis, and the temperature (degreeC) of the water vapor made to contact lignite is shown on a vertical axis. As described above, a hydrated solid fuel such as lignite contains free water and combined water. As shown in FIG. 1, when water vapor at 100 ° C. is brought into contact with lignite at normal pressure and heated, the moisture content of the lignite decreases to about 30%. Thus, the water which vaporizes at about 100 degreeC among the water contained in lignite is free water. On the other hand, when water vapor exceeding 100 ° C. and less than 200 ° C. is brought into contact with lignite and heated, the moisture content of lignite is reduced to about 3%. Thus, of the water contained in the lignite, the water that vaporizes above 100 ° C and below 200 ° C is the combined water. That is, free water requires less heat energy (vaporization heat, evaporation heat) required for vaporization than bound water. Therefore, in the present embodiment, first, free water is vaporized and removed from the hydrated solid, and then the bound water is vaporized and removed from the hydrated solid from which the free water has been removed. Here, the thermal energy is energy (kJ / mol) necessary for vaporizing water contained in the hydrous solid.

  FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a schematic diagram of the drying system 100 according to the first embodiment. In FIG. 2, the flow of lignite is indicated by a one-dot chain line arrow, the flow of gas such as water vapor and air is indicated by a solid line arrow, and the signal flow is indicated by a broken line arrow. In this embodiment, the case where lignite is dried as a water-containing solid material will be described as an example.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the drying system 100 includes a hydrated solid material introduction unit 102, a first drying furnace 110, a power generation unit 210, a mixed steam generation unit 250, a flow rate control unit 310, and a second drying furnace 410. And a cooling unit 510 and gas-liquid separation units 610 and 620.

  In the drying system 100 of the present embodiment, undried lignite is introduced into the first drying furnace 110 by the hydrated solid material introduction unit 102, and in the first drying furnace 110, the free water contained in the lignite is vaporized and removed. In the second drying furnace 410, the combined water contained in the lignite from which free water has been removed is vaporized and removed, and the lignite dried in the second drying furnace 410 is cooled by the cooling unit 510.

  Hereinafter, specific configurations of the first drying furnace 110, the power generation unit 210, the mixed steam generation unit 250, the flow rate control unit 310, the second drying furnace 410, the cooling unit 510, and the gas-liquid separation units 610 and 620 will be described.

(First drying furnace 110)
The first drying furnace 110 includes a first storage unit 112 (storage unit), a first fluidized gas supply unit 114 (fluidized gas supply unit), a first heat transfer unit 116 (heat transfer unit), and a temperature sensor. 118 and the flow sensor 120 are comprised.

  The 1st accommodating part 112 accommodates the lignite introduced by the hydrous solid substance introducing | transducing part 102. FIG. The first fluidizing gas supply unit 114 includes a wind box 114a and a blower 114b that feeds the first fluidizing gas into the wind box 114a. The wind box 114a is provided below the first housing part 112. When the drying system 100 is operated, the first fluidization is performed from the bottom surface of the first housing part 112 through the wind box 114a into the first housing part 112. Gas will be supplied.

  More specifically, the upper portion of the wind box 114a functions as a bottom surface of the first housing portion 112 and is formed of a dispersion plate 114c that can be ventilated. The dispersion plate 114c is constituted by, for example, a plate provided with a plurality of openings having a diameter smaller than the particle size of lignite, or a plate provided with a nozzle provided with an opening having a diameter smaller than the particle size of lignite. .

  The blower 114b sends the first fluidized gas into the wind box 114a. In the present embodiment, the blower 114b sends the mixed steam generated by the mixed steam generation unit 250 described later to the wind box 114a as the first fluidizing gas. As will be described in detail later, the mixed steam is first steam (for example, 103 ° C., hereinafter referred to as “free water derived”) which is steam generated by heating the lignite in the first housing portion 112 and evaporating free water. And a second water vapor (for example, 200 ° C., 9 atm) which is water vapor generated in the power generation unit 210 described later.

  Thus, the mixed steam (first fluidizing gas) supplied to the first storage unit 112 by the first fluidization gas supply unit 114 causes the lignite to flow in the first storage unit 112 to form a fluidized bed. A part of the free water contained in the lignite is vaporized by bringing the mixed steam (first fluidizing gas) into contact with the lignite. The mixed steam supplied to the first storage unit 112 is a temperature at which a fluidized bed of lignite is efficiently formed and the free water is efficiently evaporated (for example, 120 ° C., 2 atm) by the flow rate control unit 310 described later. And adjusted to flow rate.

  The first heat transfer unit 116 is constituted by, for example, a pipe through which a heat medium flows, and is arranged in the first housing unit 112. The first heat transfer unit 116 heats the lignite with the heat of the heat medium in the circulation process of the heat medium. In the present embodiment, the mixed water vapor generated by the mixed water vapor generating unit 250 is supplied to the first heat transfer unit 116 as a heat medium by the blower 116a. Note that the mixed steam (heat medium) supplied to the first heat transfer unit 116 is adjusted to a temperature (for example, 120 ° C., 2 atm) and a flow rate at which the free water of lignite is efficiently evaporated by the flow rate control unit 310.

  With the configuration including the first heat transfer unit 116, heat exchange is performed between the heat medium and the first fluidizing gas in the first housing unit 112, and the first fluidizing gas moving upward is further heated. can do. Therefore, drying of lignite (vaporization of free water) with the first fluidizing gas is further promoted.

  In addition, when heat exchange is performed between the heat medium and the first fluidizing gas in the first heat transfer unit 116 (the outer surface of the pipe constituting the first heat transfer unit 116), a part of the heat medium is transferred to the first heat transfer unit 116. It will condense in the hot part 116. Therefore, a gas-liquid separation unit 610 is provided, and the heat medium sent from the first heat transfer unit 116 is gas-liquid separated by the gas-liquid separation unit 610. In this way, the separated condensed heat medium (liquid water) is sent to the outside.

  Thus, in the 1st drying furnace 110, undried lignite is introduced into the 1st storage part 112, lignite is heated by the 1st fluidization gas supply part 114 and the 1st heat transfer part 116, and free water from lignite Is vaporized and removed. On the other hand, the flow of lignite will be described. When undried lignite is introduced into the first housing portion 112, the volume of the introduced lignite and the volume of the fluidized bed increase. Then, the lignite (fluidized bed) from which the free water has been removed overflows from the outlet of the first storage unit 112, and passes through the piping connecting the first storage unit 112 and the second storage unit 412 of the second drying furnace 410. 2 will be introduced into the accommodating portion 412. Further, free water vaporized in the first drying furnace 110 (water vapor at about 103 ° C. (first water vapor)) is sent again to the wind box 114a by the blower 114b or supplied to the first heat transfer unit 116 by the blower 116a. It will be done.

  The temperature sensor 118 measures the temperature of the fluidized bed (brown coal fluidized bed) in the first housing part 112. The flow sensor 120 measures the flow rate of the mixed steam generated by the mixed steam generation unit 250.

(Power generation unit 210)
The power generation unit 210 includes a boiler 212, a steam turbine 214, and a generator 216, and converts rotational energy obtained by rotating the steam turbine 214 with steam generated by the boiler 212 into electric power. More specifically, the boiler 212 burns fuel to heat water and generate water vapor. In the present embodiment, the boiler 212 burns lignite that has been dried in the first drying furnace 110 and the second drying furnace 410 and cooled in the cooling unit 510 as fuel.

  The steam turbine 214 is rotated by the steam generated by the boiler 212, and the rotational energy obtained by the rotation is transmitted to the generator 216 through the rotation shaft. The generator 216 receives the rotational energy transmitted from the steam turbine 214. Convert to electricity.

  Then, the second steam (for example, 200 ° C., 9 atm) that is the steam that has passed through the steam turbine 214 is supplied to the mixed steam generation section 250 and the second heat transfer section 416 through the main flow path 220.

(Mixed steam generation unit 250)
The mixed water vapor generating unit 250 includes a first flow channel 252 branched from the main flow channel 220 connected to the steam turbine 214, and a discharge flow channel that sends the water vapor discharged from the first storage unit 112 to the first flow channel 252. 254, the second steam, which is the steam that has passed through the steam turbine 214, and the steam derived from free water (first steam) are mixed to generate mixed steam.

  The mixed water vapor generated in this way is supplied to the wind box 114a (first housing portion 112) through the fluidizing gas flow path 260 branched from the first flow path 252 and connected to the wind box 114a, or the first flow path 252. Or is supplied to the first heat transfer section 116 through the heat medium flow path 262 that is branched from the first heat transfer section 116 and connected to the first heat transfer section 116. The blower 114 b is provided in the fluidizing gas flow path 260, and the blower 116 a is provided in the heat medium flow path 262.

  Further, a second flow path 270 branched from the main flow path 220 and connected to the second heat transfer unit 416 is provided. The main flow path 220 is provided with a first valve 220a, the first flow path 252 is provided with a second valve 252a, and the second flow path 270 is provided with a third valve 270a.

(Flow control unit 310)
The flow control unit 310 is composed of a semiconductor integrated circuit including a CPU (Central Processing Unit), reads programs and parameters for operating the CPU itself from the ROM, and cooperates with the RAM as a work area and other electronic circuits. Then, the first valve 220a, the second valve 252a, and the third valve 270a are controlled.

  The flow control unit 310 feeds back the fluidized bed temperature measured by the temperature sensor 118 and the mixed steam flow rate measured by the flow sensor 120 to the two target values for the fluidized bed temperature and the mixed steam flow rate. The flow rate of the second water vapor mixed by the mixed water vapor generation unit 250 is derived through a predetermined transfer function. Here, although there is a correlation between the temperature of the fluidized bed and the flow rate of the mixed water vapor, the control amount is one (the flow rate of the second water vapor). However, it is difficult to achieve this, and it is controlled to an appropriate value within the range of the flow rate of a predetermined fluidized gas (mixed water vapor) in which the fluidized bed is normally formed.

  And the opening degree of the 1st valve 220a and the 2nd valve 252a is adjusted so that the 2nd water vapor of the flow volume derived may be mixed with the water vapor (first water vapor) derived from free water sent out from discharge channel 254. To do. In the present embodiment, the ratio between the amount of the mixed steam generated by the mixed steam generation unit 250 supplied to the first storage unit 112 and the amount supplied to the first heat transfer unit 116 is fixed. ing. Therefore, the transfer function stabilizes the fluidized bed of lignite by the mixed steam supplied to the first accommodating part 112, and efficiently evaporates the free water of the lignite by the mixed steam supplied to the first heat transfer part 116. In this way, the flow rate of the second water vapor is designed to be derived.

  Even if it is a case where the supply amount of the lignite to the 1st accommodating part 112 fluctuates by this structure or the moisture content of the lignite supplied to the 1st accommodating part 112 fluctuates, the 1st heat-transfer part 116 is changed. It is possible to efficiently dry the lignite while maintaining the balance between the steam supplied to the steam and the steam supplied to the first housing portion 112 and maintaining the fluidized bed of lignite. More specifically, when the supply amount of lignite to the first housing part 112 increases from the rating, or when lignite having a higher water content than expected is supplied to the first housing part 112, the temperature of the fluidized bed decreases. To do. Then, the temperature sensor 118 detects this, and the flow rate control unit 310 increases the flow rate of the second water vapor mixed by the mixed water vapor generation unit 250. Thereby, the flow volume of the 2nd water vapor | steam supplied to the 1st heat-transfer part 116 is increased, and the temperature of the mixed steam which distribute | circulates the 1st heat-transfer part 116 can be raised. Therefore, it becomes possible to dry lignite efficiently.

  Moreover, when the supply amount of the lignite to the 1st accommodating part 112 falls from a rating, or when the lignite with a moisture content lower than assumption is supplied to the 1st accommodating part 112, the amount of water vapor | steam which arises from lignite (vaporizes) descend. If it does so, the flow sensor 120 will detect this and the flow control part 310 will increase the flow volume of the 2nd water vapor | steam which the mixed water vapor | steam production | generation part 250 mixes. Thereby, the flow volume of the 2nd water vapor | steam supplied to the 1st accommodating part 112 is increased, and the fluidized bed of lignite can be stabilized. Therefore, it becomes possible to dry lignite efficiently while maintaining the fluidized bed of lignite.

  The flow controller 310 adjusts the opening degree of the first valve 220a and the third valve 270a according to the temperature of the fluidized bed measured by the temperature sensor 418. Such control will be described in detail later.

(Second drying furnace 410)
The second drying furnace 410 includes a second storage unit 412, a second fluidized gas supply unit 414, a second heat transfer unit 416, and a temperature sensor 418.

  The second storage unit 412 stores the lignite from which free water has been removed by the first drying furnace 110. Similar to the first fluidizing gas supply unit 114 that constitutes the first drying furnace 110, the second fluidizing gas supply unit 414 includes an air box 414a and a blower 414b that feeds the second fluidizing gas into the air box 414a. Consists of including. The wind box 414a is provided below the second storage part 412, and when the drying system 100 is operated, the second fluidization is performed from the bottom surface of the second storage part 412 through the wind box 414a into the second storage part 412. Gas will be supplied.

  More specifically, the upper portion of the wind box 414a functions as the bottom surface of the second housing portion 412 and is formed of a dispersion plate 414c that can be ventilated. The dispersion plate 414c is constituted by, for example, a plate provided with a plurality of openings having a diameter smaller than the particle size of lignite, or a plate provided with a nozzle provided with an opening having a diameter smaller than the particle size of lignite. .

  The blower 414b sends the second fluidized gas into the wind box 414a. In the present embodiment, the blower 414b uses water vapor (for example, 115 ° C., hereinafter referred to as “water vapor derived from combined water”) generated by heating the lignite in the second housing portion 412 and vaporizing the combined water. Two fluidized gases are sent to the wind box 414a.

  Thus, the second fluidized gas supplied to the second accommodating part 412 by the second fluidized gas supply part 414 causes the lignite to flow in the second accommodating part 412 to form a fluidized bed and the second fluidized gas. A part of the bound water contained in the lignite is vaporized by bringing the gasified gas (for example, steam at 115 ° C.) into contact with the lignite.

  The second heat transfer unit 416 is configured by, for example, a pipe through which a heat medium flows, and is disposed in the second storage unit 412, similarly to the first heat transfer unit 116 configuring the first drying furnace 110. The second heat transfer unit 416 heats the lignite with the heat of the heat medium in the flow process of the heat medium. In the present embodiment, the second heat transfer unit 416 is supplied with second steam (for example, 200 ° C., 9 atm) that is steam that has passed through the steam turbine 214 as a heat medium.

  With the configuration including the second heat transfer unit 416, heat exchange is performed between the heat medium and the second fluidizing gas in the second accommodating unit 412, and the second fluidizing gas moving upward is further heated. can do. Therefore, drying of lignite (vaporization of bound water) with the second fluidizing gas is further promoted.

  The temperature sensor 418 measures the temperature of the fluidized bed (brown coal fluidized bed) in the second housing portion 412. Then, the flow control unit 310 derives the flow rate of the second steam supplied to the second heat transfer unit 416 so that the temperature of the fluidized bed measured by the temperature sensor 418 is within a predetermined range. And the opening degree of the 1st valve | bulb 220a and the 3rd valve | bulb 270a is adjusted so that it may become the flow volume of the derived | led-out 2nd water vapor | steam. Thereby, even if the supply amount of the lignite to the second storage unit 412 varies or the moisture content of the lignite supplied to the second storage unit 412 varies, the lignite can be efficiently dried. Can do.

  In addition, when heat exchange is performed between the heat medium and the second fluidizing gas in the second heat transfer unit 416 (outer surface of the pipe constituting the second heat transfer unit 416), part of the heat medium is transferred to the second heat transfer unit. It will condense in the hot part 416. Therefore, a gas-liquid separation unit 620 is provided, and the heat medium sent from the second heat transfer unit 416 is gas-liquid separated by the gas-liquid separation unit 620. In this way, the separated condensed heat medium (liquid water) is returned to the boiler 212 constituting the power generation unit 210.

  As described above, in the second drying furnace 410, the lignite from which the free water has been removed in the first drying furnace 110 is introduced into the second storage unit 412, and the second fluidized gas supply unit 414 and the second heat transfer unit 416 The lignite is heated and the bound water is vaporized and removed from the lignite. On the other hand, the flow of the lignite will be described. When the lignite from which free water has been removed is introduced from the first drying furnace 110 into the second storage part 412, the volume of the introduced lignite and the volume of the fluidized bed increase. Then, the lignite (fluidized bed) from which the bound water has been removed overflows from the outlet of the second housing part 412, and the third housing is made through a pipe that connects the second housing part 412 and the third housing part 512 of the cooling unit 510. It will be introduced to the part 512. Moreover, the combined water (water vapor of about 115 ° C.) vaporized in the second drying furnace 410 is sent again into the wind box 414a by the blower 414b.

(Cooling unit 510)
The cooling unit 510 includes a third storage unit 512 and a cooling gas supply unit 514. The third storage unit 512 stores the lignite from which the bound water has been removed by the second drying furnace 410. The cooling gas supply unit 514 includes an air box 514a and a blower 514b that sends a cooling gas (for example, air) to the air box 514a in the same manner as the first fluidization gas supply part 114 and the second fluidization gas supply part 414. Consists of including. The air box 514a is provided below the third housing part 512, and when operating the drying system 100, the cooling gas is supplied into the third housing part 512 from the bottom surface of the third housing part 512 through the air box 514a. Will be.

  More specifically, the upper portion of the wind box 514a functions as the bottom surface of the third housing portion 512, and is formed of a dispersion plate 514c that can be ventilated. The dispersion plate 514c is constituted by, for example, a plate provided with a plurality of openings having a diameter smaller than the particle size of lignite, or a plate provided with a nozzle provided with an opening having a diameter smaller than the particle size of lignite. .

  With the configuration including the cooling unit 510, the lignite from which free water and combined water have been removed can be cooled (for example, up to about 50 ° C.). The lignite that has been cooled in this manner is sent to a lignite utilization facility (for example, the boiler 212 of the power generation unit 210) at the subsequent stage.

  As described above, in the drying system 100 according to the present embodiment, the flow rate controller 310 performs mixing according to the temperature of the fluidized bed measured by the temperature sensor 118 and the flow rate of the mixed water vapor measured by the flow rate sensor 120. By the structure which controls the flow volume of the 2nd water vapor | steam which the water vapor | steam production | generation part 250 mixes, the supply amount of the lignite to the 1st accommodating part 112 changes, or the moisture content of the lignite supplied to the 1st accommodating part 112 changes. Even if it is a case, it becomes possible to dry a lignite efficiently while maintaining the fluidized bed of lignite.

  Further, in the drying system 100 of the present embodiment, the steam turbine 214 is passed through the first housing part 112 and the first heat transfer part 116 of the first drying furnace 110 and the second heat transfer part 416 of the second drying furnace 410. Water vapor is circulated as the second water vapor. In recent years, means for utilizing thermal energy of water vapor that has passed through the steam turbine 214 has been developed, but efficient utilization means have not yet been developed. Therefore, by using the thermal energy of the steam (second steam) that has passed through the steam turbine 214 for drying the lignite, it is possible to dry the lignite while efficiently using the thermal energy of the second steam. It becomes. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the cost of the compressor itself for generating the high-temperature and high-pressure heat medium and the energy consumption of the compressor as compared with the conventional case.

  Furthermore, since the second water vapor used as the heat medium in the second heat transfer unit 416 can be returned to the steam turbine 214 by the configuration including the gas-liquid separation unit 620, the second water vapor can be used effectively. .

  Further, in the drying system 100 according to the present embodiment, free water is removed in the first drying furnace 110 and bound water is removed in the second drying furnace 410. That is, free water and combined water are removed stepwise in different drying furnaces.

  In the conventional configuration, since free water and combined water are vaporized at a time in one drying furnace, it is necessary to supply a heat medium having heat of vaporization (thermal energy) of the combined water to the heat transfer section. If it does so, it will vaporize with the heat medium (heat medium which has the heat of vaporization of combined water) also about free water whose vaporization heat is smaller than combined water, and the heat medium which has the heat energy of overspec Was supposed to be generated.

  However, in the drying system 100 according to the present embodiment, it is only necessary to supply the first heat transfer unit 116 with a heat medium (water vapor) having vaporization heat that can vaporize at least free water. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the cost of the apparatus itself and the running cost for generating the heat medium to be circulated through the first heat transfer unit 116 as compared with the conventional case.

  In addition, the first fluidizing gas supply unit 114 of the present embodiment supplies free water-derived water vapor to the first storage unit 112, and the first heat transfer unit 116 uses free water-derived water vapor as a heat medium. Since it circulates, the latent heat of water vapor derived from free water can be used (recovered) effectively, and energy efficiency can be improved. Similarly, since the 2nd fluidization gas supply part 414 is supplying the water vapor | steam derived from combined water to the 2nd accommodating part 412, the sensible heat of the water vapor | steam derived from combined water can be used effectively (recovery). .

(Second Embodiment: Drying System 700)
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a schematic diagram of a drying system 700 according to the second embodiment. In FIG. 3, the flow of lignite is indicated by a one-dot chain line arrow, the flow of gas such as water vapor and air is indicated by a solid line arrow, and the signal flow is indicated by a broken line arrow. As shown in FIG. 3, the drying system 700 includes a hydrated solid material introduction unit 102, a first drying furnace 710, a power generation unit 210, a second drying furnace 810, a cooling unit 510, a gas-liquid separation unit 610, 620 and a flow rate control unit 910. In addition, about the structure substantially equal to the structure of the said drying system 100, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected and description is abbreviate | omitted, and here it is detailed about the 1st drying furnace 710, the 2nd drying furnace 810, and the flow control part 910. Describe.

(First drying furnace 710)
The first drying furnace 710 includes a first storage unit 112 (storage unit), a first fluidized gas supply unit 714 (fluidized gas supply unit), a first heat transfer unit 116, a temperature sensor 118, and a flow rate sensor. 720 and a first heat exchange unit 730 (heat exchange unit).

  The first fluidizing gas supply unit 714 includes a wind box 114a and a blower 714b that feeds the first fluidizing gas into the wind box 114a. In the present embodiment, a discharge flow channel 716 through which water vapor discharged from the first storage unit 112 is guided, a heat medium flow channel 716a branched from the discharge flow channel 716 and connected to the first heat transfer unit 116, a discharge flow A fluidizing gas passage 716b branched from the passage 716 and connected to the wind box 114a is provided. The blower 714b is provided in the fluidizing gas passage 716b, and the blower 116a is provided in the heat medium passage 716a. . In addition, a first heat exchanging unit 730 described later is provided on the downstream side (wind box 114a side) of the blower 714b in the fluidizing gas channel 716b.

  The flow sensor 720 measures the flow rate of the first water vapor discharged from the first housing part 112. More specifically, in the present embodiment, the flow sensor 720 measures the flow rate of the first water vapor flowing through the discharge flow path 716.

  The first heat exchange unit 730 exchanges heat between water vapor derived from free water (first water vapor) flowing through the fluidizing gas flow path 716b and second water vapor that is water vapor that has passed through the steam turbine 214 of the power generation unit 210. Then, the first water vapor is heated. Specifically, in the present embodiment, the main flow path 220 connected to the steam turbine 214 of the power generation unit 210 is branched into a second flow path 270 and a main heat exchange flow path 920, and the main heat exchange flow path 920. Is branched into a first heat exchange channel 922 and a second heat exchange channel 924. The first heat exchange channel 922 is connected to the first heat exchange unit 730, and the second water vapor passes through the main channel 220, the main heat exchange channel 920, and the first heat exchange channel 922 to perform the first heat exchange. Will be supplied to the unit 730. Therefore, water vapor (first water vapor) derived from free water heated by the first heat exchanging unit 730 is supplied to the wind box 114a (first housing unit 112). The second water vapor after the heat exchange is sent to the gas-liquid separation unit 620.

(Second drying furnace 810)
The second drying furnace 810 includes a second storage unit 412 (storage unit), a second fluidized gas supply unit 814 (fluidized gas supply unit), a second heat transfer unit 416, a temperature sensor 418, and a flow rate sensor. 820 and the 2nd heat exchange part 830 (heat exchange part).

  The second fluidizing gas supply unit 814 includes a wind box 414a and a blower 814b that feeds the second fluidizing gas into the wind box 414a. In the present embodiment, there are provided a discharge channel 816 through which the first water vapor discharged from the second storage portion 412 is guided, and a fluidizing gas channel 816a branched from the discharge channel 816 and connected to the wind box 414a. The fluidizing gas channel 816a is provided with a blower 814b. In addition, a second heat exchanging unit 830 to be described later is provided on the downstream side (wind box 414a side) of the blower 814b in the fluidizing gas channel 816b.

  The flow sensor 820 measures the flow rate of the first water vapor discharged from the second storage unit 412. More specifically, in the present embodiment, the flow sensor 820 measures the flow rate of the first water vapor flowing through the discharge channel 816.

  The second heat exchange unit 830 exchanges heat between the steam (first steam) derived from the combined water flowing through the fluidizing gas flow path 816b and the second steam, which is steam that has passed through the steam turbine 214 of the power generation unit 210. Then, the first water vapor is heated. More specifically, a second heat exchange channel 924 is connected to the second heat exchange unit 830, and the second steam is the main channel 220, the main heat exchange channel 920, and the second heat exchange channel. It will be supplied to the second heat exchange unit 830 through 924. Therefore, steam (first water vapor) derived from combined water heated by the second heat exchange unit 830 is supplied to the wind box 414a (second storage unit 412). The second water vapor after the heat exchange is sent to the gas-liquid separation unit 620.

(Flow control unit 910)
The flow rate control unit 910 is composed of a semiconductor integrated circuit including a CPU (Central Processing Unit), reads programs and parameters for operating the CPU itself from the ROM, and cooperates with the RAM as a work area and other electronic circuits. Then, the first valve 220a, the third valve 270a, the main heat exchange valve 920a provided in the main heat exchange channel 920, and the auxiliary heat exchange valve 924a provided in the second heat exchange channel 924 are controlled.

  In this embodiment, the flow rate control unit 910 detects the temperature of the fluidized bed and the temperature of the fluidized bed measured by the temperature sensor 118 with respect to two target values for the flow rate of the first water vapor (water vapor derived from free water) to be discharged. The flow rate of the first water vapor measured by the flow sensor 720 is fed back and the flow rate of the second water vapor supplied to the first heat exchange unit 730 through a predetermined transfer function (the first water vapor in the first heat exchange unit 730). The amount of heating) is derived. In addition, the flow rate control unit 910 detects the temperature of the fluidized bed and the temperature of the fluidized bed measured by the temperature sensor 418 with respect to two target values for the flow rate of the first water vapor (water vapor derived from the combined water) to be discharged, and The flow rate of the first water vapor measured by the flow sensor 820 is fed back, and the flow rate of the second water vapor supplied to the second heat exchange unit 830 through a predetermined transfer function (the heating of the first water vapor in the second heat exchange unit 830). Derive). Here, although there is a correlation between the temperature of the fluidized bed and the flow rate of the first water vapor to be discharged, since the control amount is one (the flow rate of the second water vapor), the temperature of the fluidized bed and the flow rate are discharged. It is difficult to achieve both of the two target values for the flow rate of the first water vapor, and it is controlled to an appropriate value within a predetermined flow rate of the fluidized gas (first water vapor) in which the fluidized bed is normally formed. It will be.

  Then, the first valve 220a, the main heat exchange valve 920a, and the auxiliary heat exchange valve 924a are opened so that the derived second water vapor is supplied to the first heat exchange unit 730 and the second heat exchange unit 830, respectively. Adjust the degree.

  With this configuration, even if the supply amount of lignite to the first storage unit 112 varies or the moisture content of the lignite supplied to the first storage unit 112 varies, the first storage unit 112, And the temperature of the water vapor | steam (fluidization gas) supplied to the 2nd accommodating part 412 can be raised, and it becomes possible to dry lignite efficiently.

  Further, in the drying system 700 of the present embodiment, the steam that has passed through the steam turbine 214 is supplied to the first heat exchange unit 730 and the second heat exchange unit 830 as the second steam. Therefore, the thermal energy possessed by the steam (second steam) that has passed through the steam turbine 214 can be used for heating the fluidizing gas, and the lignite is dried while efficiently utilizing the thermal energy possessed by the second steam. It becomes possible. Thereby, compared with the past, it becomes possible to reduce the cost of the compressor itself for generating a high-temperature and high-pressure heat medium, and the energy consumption of the compressor.

  As mentioned above, although preferred embodiment of this invention was described referring an accompanying drawing, it cannot be overemphasized that this invention is not limited to this embodiment. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made within the scope of the claims, and these are naturally within the technical scope of the present invention. Is done.

  For example, in the said embodiment, lignite was mentioned as an example and demonstrated as a water-containing solid substance. However, as long as the drying systems 100 and 700 are configured to contain water, it is possible to dry hydrous solid fuels such as peat, lignite, and subbituminous coal, and other hydrous solids.

  Moreover, in the said 1st Embodiment, the drying system 100 demonstrated and demonstrated the structure provided with the temperature sensor 118 and the flow sensor 120 as an example. However, the drying system may include only one of the temperature sensor and the flow rate sensor. For example, when the drying system does not include a flow sensor but includes only a temperature sensor, the flow control unit feeds back the fluidized bed temperature measured by the temperature sensor to the fluidized bed temperature, and mixes it through a predetermined transfer function. The flow rate of the second water vapor mixed by the water vapor generating unit may be derived. Further, for example, when the drying system includes only the flow sensor without the temperature sensor, the flow control unit feeds back the flow rate of the mixed water vapor measured by the flow sensor to the flow rate of the mixed water vapor, and passes through a predetermined transfer function. The flow rate of the second water vapor mixed by the mixed water vapor generating unit may be derived.

  Moreover, in the said 2nd Embodiment, the drying system 700 demonstrated and demonstrated the structure provided with the temperature sensors 118 and 418 and the flow sensors 720 and 820 as an example. However, the drying system may include only one of the temperature sensor and the flow rate sensor. For example, when the drying system does not include a flow sensor but includes only a temperature sensor, the flow control unit feeds back the temperature of the fluidized bed measured by the temperature sensor to the temperature of the fluidized bed, and performs heat transfer through a predetermined transfer function. The flow rate of the second water vapor supplied to the exchange unit may be derived. Further, for example, when the drying system does not include the temperature sensor but includes only the flow rate sensor, the flow rate control unit feeds back the flow rate of the first water vapor measured by the flow rate sensor to the flow rate of the second water vapor, and transmits the predetermined flow rate. The flow rate of the second steam supplied to the heat exchange unit may be derived through the function.

  Further, in the first embodiment, the temperature sensor 118 has been described by taking as an example the configuration for measuring the temperature of the fluidized bed in the first accommodating portion 112, but other places such as in the discharge flow path 254 are also described. The temperature may be measured. Further, in the first embodiment, the flow sensor 120 has been described by taking the configuration for measuring the flow rate of the mixed water vapor flowing through the first flow path 252 as an example, but the fluidizing gas flow path 260 and the heat medium are also described. You may measure the flow volume of other places, such as the mixing water vapor | steam which distribute | circulates the flow path 262, and the water vapor | steam which distribute | circulates the discharge flow path 254.

  In the second embodiment, the temperature sensor 118 measures the temperature of the fluidized bed in the first housing part 112, and the temperature sensor 418 measures the temperature of the fluidized bed in the second housing part 412. Was described as an example. However, the temperature sensor 118 may measure the temperature of other places such as in the discharge flow path 716, and the temperature sensor 418 may measure the temperature of other places such as in the discharge flow path 816. . Further, in the second embodiment, the flow sensor 720 has been described by taking as an example the configuration for measuring the flow rate of the first water vapor flowing through the discharge flow channel 716. However, the heat medium flow channel 716a and the fluidizing gas are described. You may measure the flow volume of other locations, such as the water vapor | steam which distribute | circulates the flow path 716b. Furthermore, in the second embodiment, the flow sensor 820 has been described by taking as an example a configuration that measures the flow rate of the first water vapor that flows through the discharge flow channel 816. You may measure the flow volume of other places, such as.

  Further, in the first embodiment, the configuration in which the flow rate control unit 310 feeds back the values of the temperature sensor 118 and the flow rate sensor 120 and controls the flow rate of the second water vapor through a predetermined transfer function has been described as an example. However, the control method is not limited to such a case, and various control methods can be adopted. For example, when ON / OFF control is employed, an upper limit value and a fluidized bed temperature and a mixed water vapor flow rate within a predetermined fluidized gas (mixed water vapor) flow rate range in which the fluidized bed is normally formed, A lower limit value may be set, and when the lower limit value is reached, a predetermined amount of second steam is added, and when the upper limit value is exceeded, the fluidized bed may be maintained by cutting the second steam.

  In the second embodiment, the flow rate control unit 910 feeds back the values of the temperature sensor 118 and the flow rate sensor 720, and controls the flow rate of the second water vapor supplied to the first heat exchange unit 730 through a predetermined transfer function. In addition, the configuration in which the values of the temperature sensor 418 and the flow rate sensor 820 are fed back and the flow rate of the second steam supplied to the second heat exchange unit 830 through a predetermined transfer function is described as an example. However, the control method is not limited to such a case, and various control methods can be adopted. For example, when ON / OFF control is employed, the temperature of the fluidized bed and the flow rate of the first steam discharged are within the range of the flow rate of a predetermined fluidized gas (first water vapor) in which the fluidized bed is normally formed. An upper limit value and a lower limit value may be set, and when the lower limit value is reached, a predetermined amount of the second steam is supplied, and when the upper limit value is exceeded, the fluidized bed may be maintained by cutting the second steam.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, the 2nd water vapor | steam which passed the steam turbine 214 was mentioned as an example, and the structure supplied to the 1st accommodating part 112, the 1st heat-transfer part 116, and the 2nd heat-transfer part 416 was demonstrated. However, if the 2nd water vapor | steam supplied to the 1st accommodating part 112, the 1st heat-transfer part 116, and the 2nd heat-transfer part 416 is produced | generated outside the drying systems 100 and 700, there will be no limitation in a supply source.

  Moreover, the 1st drying furnace 110, the 2nd drying furnace 410, and the cooling unit 510 may each be comprised by one accommodating part, and may be comprised including the some accommodating part.

  INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be used for a drying system that dries a hydrous solid such as a hydrous solid fuel.

100 Drying system 112 1st accommodating part (accommodating part)
114 1st fluidization gas supply part (fluidization gas supply part)
116 1st heat transfer part (heat transfer part)
118 Temperature Sensor 120 Flow Rate Sensor 212 Boiler 214 Steam Turbine 310 Flow Control Unit 412 Second Accommodating Unit (Accommodating Unit)
418 Temperature sensor 700 Drying system 714 First fluidized gas supply unit (fluidized gas supply unit)
720 Flow sensor 730 1st heat exchange part (heat exchange part)
814 Second fluidizing gas supply unit (fluidizing gas supply unit)
830 2nd heat exchange part (heat exchange part)
910 Flow control unit

Claims (5)

A first containing portion for containing a hydrated solid;
Mixing and mixing the first water vapor that is vaporized by heating the hydrated solid in the first housing portion and the second water vapor that is generated outside and is higher than the first water vapor A mixed water vapor generating unit for generating water vapor;
Supplying a mixed vapor generated by the mixing steam generator from a bottom surface of said first housing portion, and a first fluidizing gas supply unit for forming a fluidized bed to fluidize the hydrous solids in said within the first housing portion,
A first heat transfer section that is disposed in the first storage section and that circulates the mixed steam generated by the mixed steam generation section and heats the hydrated solid with the heat of the mixed steam in the distribution process;
A temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of the fluidized bed in the first housing part;
According to the measured temperature of the fluidized bed, a flow rate control unit that controls the flow rate of the second water vapor mixed by the mixed water vapor generation unit;
A second housing portion for housing the hydrated solid material dried in the first housing portion;
Third water vapor that is vaporized by heating the water-containing solid in the second housing portion is supplied from the bottom surface of the second housing portion, and the water-containing solid material flows and flows in the second housing portion. A second fluidizing gas supply that forms a bed;
A second heat transfer section that is arranged in the second housing section and in which the second water vapor flows and heats the hydrated solid with heat of the second water vapor in the flow process;
A drying system comprising: A first containing portion for containing a hydrated solid;
Mixing and mixing the first water vapor that is vaporized by heating the hydrated solid in the first housing portion and the second water vapor that is generated outside and is higher than the first water vapor A mixed water vapor generating unit for generating water vapor;
Supplying a mixed vapor generated by the mixing steam generator from a bottom surface of said first housing portion, and a first fluidizing gas supply unit for forming a fluidized bed to fluidize the hydrous solids in said within the first housing portion,
A first heat transfer section that is disposed in the first storage section and that circulates the mixed steam generated by the mixed steam generation section and heats the hydrated solid with the heat of the mixed steam in the distribution process;
A flow rate sensor for measuring a flow rate of the mixed steam generated by the mixed steam generation unit;
A flow rate control unit for controlling the flow rate of the second water vapor mixed by the mixed water vapor generation unit according to the measured flow rate of the mixed water vapor;
A second housing portion for housing the hydrated solid material dried in the first housing portion;
Third water vapor that is vaporized by heating the water-containing solid in the second housing portion is supplied from the bottom surface of the second housing portion, and the water-containing solid material flows and flows in the second housing portion. A second fluidizing gas supply that forms a bed;
A second heat transfer section that is arranged in the second housing section and in which the second water vapor flows and heats the hydrated solid with heat of the second water vapor in the flow process;
A drying system comprising: A storage section for storing the water-containing solid matter;
Heat exchange is performed between the first water vapor, which is vaporized by heating the hydrated solid in the housing portion, and the second water vapor, which is generated outside and is higher than the first water vapor, A heat exchange part for heating the first water vapor;
A fluidized gas supply unit configured to supply the first water vapor heated by the heat exchange unit from a bottom surface of the storage unit, and flow the hydrated solid in the storage unit to form a fluidized bed;
A temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of the fluidized bed in the housing part;
A flow rate control unit for controlling the flow rate of the second water vapor supplied to the heat exchange unit according to the measured temperature of the fluidized bed;
A drying system comprising: A first containing portion for containing a hydrated solid;
Heat exchange is performed between the first water vapor that is vaporized by heating the hydrated solid in the first housing portion and the second water vapor that is generated outside and is higher than the first water vapor. A heat exchanging part for heating the first water vapor;
The first steam heated by the heat exchanger unit is supplied from the bottom surface of the first housing portion, and a first fluidizing gas supply unit for forming a fluidized bed to fluidize the hydrous solids in said within the first housing portion ,
A flow rate sensor for measuring a flow rate of the first water vapor discharged from the first housing portion;
A flow rate controller for controlling the flow rate of the second water vapor supplied to the heat exchange unit according to the measured flow rate of the first water vapor;
A second housing portion for housing the hydrated solid material dried in the first housing portion;
Third water vapor that is vaporized by heating the water-containing solid in the second housing portion is supplied from the bottom surface of the second housing portion, and the water-containing solid material flows and flows in the second housing portion. A second fluidizing gas supply that forms a bed;
A heat transfer section that is arranged in the second storage section and in which the second water vapor flows and heats the water-containing solid with the heat of the second water vapor in the flow process;
A drying system comprising: The water-containing solid is a water-containing solid fuel,
A boiler that burns the dried hydrous solid fuel to heat water and generate water vapor;
A steam turbine that generates electric power using steam generated by the boiler;
Further comprising
The drying system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the second steam is steam that has passed through the steam turbine.

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