JP6609191B2 - 高粘度樹脂の無溶媒乳化 - Google Patents
高粘度樹脂の無溶媒乳化 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6609191B2 JP6609191B2 JP2016002705A JP2016002705A JP6609191B2 JP 6609191 B2 JP6609191 B2 JP 6609191B2 JP 2016002705 A JP2016002705 A JP 2016002705A JP 2016002705 A JP2016002705 A JP 2016002705A JP 6609191 B2 JP6609191 B2 JP 6609191B2
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- neutralizing agent
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- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 37
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- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 33
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- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
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- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
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- AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoquinoline Chemical compound C1=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
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- HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-benzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=NC2=C1 HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JFJNVIPVOCESGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dipyridin-2-ylpyridine Chemical compound N1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CN=C1C1=CC=CC=N1 JFJNVIPVOCESGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- IMSODMZESSGVBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Oxazoline Chemical compound C1CN=CO1 IMSODMZESSGVBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- HONIICLYMWZJFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azetidine Chemical compound C1CNC1 HONIICLYMWZJFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- QNXSIUBBGPHDDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N indan-1-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)CCC2=C1 QNXSIUBBGPHDDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- PZOUSPYUWWUPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N indole Natural products CC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CN2 PZOUSPYUWWUPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N indolenine Natural products C1=CC=C2CC=NC2=C1 RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxadiazole Chemical compound C1=CON=N1 WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- DNXIASIHZYFFRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrazoline Chemical compound C1CN=NC1 DNXIASIHZYFFRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCN1 HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylenediamine Chemical compound C1CN2CCN1CC2 IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- VLLMWSRANPNYQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiadiazole Chemical compound C1=CSN=N1.C1=CSN=N1 VLLMWSRANPNYQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2,2-difluorocyclopropane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1CC1(F)F JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VMRHCZNACCBXEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate;butyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C.CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C VMRHCZNACCBXEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KGVITRZHZPHLOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C.CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C KGVITRZHZPHLOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PSJCFABZBPCBNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate;prop-2-enoic acid;styrene Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C PSJCFABZBPCBNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DFYKHEXCUQCPEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C DFYKHEXCUQCPEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HOIWWOKSBHULCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl prop-2-enoate;2-methylbuta-1,3-diene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C.CCCCOC(=O)C=C HOIWWOKSBHULCU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HIZDLVPIKOYIOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl prop-2-enoate;2-methylprop-2-enoic acid;styrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCCCOC(=O)C=C HIZDLVPIKOYIOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QMRMTRCBDHFTIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl prop-2-enoate;prop-2-enenitrile;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound C=CC#N.OC(=O)C=C.CCCCOC(=O)C=C QMRMTRCBDHFTIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UPMATSCYHGMGSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl prop-2-enoate;prop-2-enenitrile;prop-2-enoic acid;styrene Chemical compound C=CC#N.OC(=O)C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCCCOC(=O)C=C UPMATSCYHGMGSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WWPXOMXUMORZKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl prop-2-enoate;prop-2-enenitrile;styrene Chemical compound C=CC#N.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCCCOC(=O)C=C WWPXOMXUMORZKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IYCOKCJDXXJIIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl prop-2-enoate;prop-2-enoic acid;styrene Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCCCOC(=O)C=C IYCOKCJDXXJIIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WIHMDCQAEONXND-UHFFFAOYSA-M butyl-hydroxy-oxotin Chemical compound CCCC[Sn](O)=O WIHMDCQAEONXND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VSGNNIFQASZAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium acetate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O VSGNNIFQASZAOI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001639 calcium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960005147 calcium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000011092 calcium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QXDMQSPYEZFLGF-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium oxalate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O QXDMQSPYEZFLGF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002843 carboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008119 colloidal silica Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000007771 core particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- QYQADNCHXSEGJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,1-dicarboxylate;hydron Chemical compound OC(=O)C1(C(O)=O)CCCCC1 QYQADNCHXSEGJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PDXRQENMIVHKPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,1-diol Chemical compound OC1(O)CCCCC1 PDXRQENMIVHKPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FOTKYAAJKYLFFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N decane-1,10-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCCCO FOTKYAAJKYLFFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010908 decantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- JGFBRKRYDCGYKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl(oxo)tin Chemical compound CCCC[Sn](=O)CCCC JGFBRKRYDCGYKD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012975 dibutyltin dilaurate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- JLVWYWVLMFVCDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl benzene-1,3-dicarboxylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(=O)OCC)=C1 JLVWYWVLMFVCDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ONIHPYYWNBVMID-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(=O)OCC)C=C1 ONIHPYYWNBVMID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- VNGOYPQMJFJDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl benzene-1,3-dicarboxylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(=O)OC)=C1 VNGOYPQMJFJDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LDCRTTXIJACKKU-ARJAWSKDSA-N dimethyl maleate Chemical compound COC(=O)\C=C/C(=O)OC LDCRTTXIJACKKU-ARJAWSKDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTDYIOOONNVFMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl pentanedioate Chemical compound COC(=O)CCCC(=O)OC XTDYIOOONNVFMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBSAITBEAPNWJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl phthalate Natural products CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1OC(C)=O FBSAITBEAPNWJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001826 dimethylphthalate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylene glycol Chemical compound OCCCOCCCO SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMQZZQFYHUDLSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;1-dodecylnaphthalene;sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.C1=CC=C2C(CCCCCCCCCCCC)=CC=CC2=C1 SMQZZQFYHUDLSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- GTZOYNFRVVHLDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)O GTZOYNFRVVHLDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNAHIZMDSQCWRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecane-1-thiol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCS WNAHIZMDSQCWRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DKSRNSSBMXOZAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecanoic acid;ethene Chemical compound C=C.CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O DKSRNSSBMXOZAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DDXLVDQZPFLQMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M dodecyl(trimethyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C DDXLVDQZPFLQMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007720 emulsion polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- RXQXUXZUWNFWJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate;2-methylbuta-1,3-diene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C.CCOC(=O)C(C)=C RXQXUXZUWNFWJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- REYZQLSIADJXGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl prop-2-enoate;2-methylbuta-1,3-diene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C.CCOC(=O)C=C REYZQLSIADJXGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- VANNPISTIUFMLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N glutaric anhydride Chemical compound O=C1CCCC(=O)O1 VANNPISTIUFMLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MHIBEGOZTWERHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCCCCC(O)O MHIBEGOZTWERHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SXCBDZAEHILGLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptane-1,7-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCO SXCBDZAEHILGLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ACCCMOQWYVYDOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)O ACCCMOQWYVYDOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCO XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydrogensulfate Chemical compound OS([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000019447 hydroxyethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004694 iodide salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009191 jumping Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UEGPKNKPLBYCNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium acetate Chemical compound [Mg+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O UEGPKNKPLBYCNK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011654 magnesium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011285 magnesium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940069446 magnesium acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OTCKOJUMXQWKQG-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium bromide Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Br-].[Br-] OTCKOJUMXQWKQG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001623 magnesium bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-NSCUHMNNSA-N mesaconic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(/C)=C/C(O)=O HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylfumaric acid Natural products OC(=O)C(C)=CC(O)=O HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012184 mineral wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- RXOHFPCZGPKIRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=C(C(O)=O)C=CC2=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 RXOHFPCZGPKIRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPUMVKJOWWJPRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-2,7-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC(C(O)=O)=CC2=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 WPUMVKJOWWJPRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KQOQVIIBQUKTPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N octa-1,3-diene prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C.CCCCC=CC=C KQOQVIIBQUKTPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OEIJHBUUFURJLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane-1,8-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCCCO OEIJHBUUFURJLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002114 octoxynol-9 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UWJJYHHHVWZFEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCCC(O)O UWJJYHHHVWZFEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012169 petroleum derived wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019381 petroleum wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RAFRTSDUWORDLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl 3-chloropropanoate Chemical compound ClCCC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RAFRTSDUWORDLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000612 phthaloyl group Chemical group C(C=1C(C(=O)*)=CC=CC1)(=O)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012165 plant wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002959 polymer blend Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002952 polymeric resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000259 polyoxyethylene lauryl ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000256 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010486 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GRLPQNLYRHEGIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J potassium aluminium sulfate Chemical compound [Al+3].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O GRLPQNLYRHEGIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- OIMDJNFWDDTLOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl prop-2-enoate;styrene Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 OIMDJNFWDDTLOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920005604 random copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940080264 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium titanate Chemical class [Sr+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O VEALVRVVWBQVSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001384 succinic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005590 trimellitic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001043 yellow dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001052 yellow pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004246 zinc acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940102001 zinc bromide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/02—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques
- C08J3/03—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in aqueous media
- C08J3/05—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in aqueous media from solid polymers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/0802—Preparation methods
- G03G9/0804—Preparation methods whereby the components are brought together in a liquid dispersing medium
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
- G03G9/08742—Binders for toner particles comprising macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- G03G9/08755—Polyesters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2367/00—Characterised by the use of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
- Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
Description
本開示は、加圧された反応容器中、樹脂を加熱することによって、溶媒非存在下、粘性樹脂を乳化するためのプロセスを提供する。
本明細書で使用される場合、ある量と組み合わせて使用する修飾語「約」は、述べられている値を含み、その内容で示されている意味を有する(例えば、特定の量の測定に関連する程度の誤差を少なくとも含む)。いくつかの実施形態において、目的の用語は、述べられている値から約10%未満の変動を含む。ある範囲という内容で使用する場合、修飾語「約」は、2つの終点の絶対値によって定義される範囲を開示しているものとも考えるべきである。例えば、「約2〜約4」の範囲は、「2〜4」の範囲も開示している。
目的のトナー粒子は、本発明の無溶媒乳化プロセスによって調製される少なくとも1つのポリエステル樹脂エマルションを含む。トナー粒子は、当該技術分野で知られている方法によって調製されるポリエステル樹脂および/またはポリスチレン/アクリレート樹脂を含め、さらなる樹脂を含んでいてもよい。
いくつかの実施形態において、本発明の無溶媒高粘度樹脂乳化プロセスによって調製される少なくとも1つの樹脂エマルションを含むトナーが開示され、ここで、トナーは、限定されないが、任意要素のラテックス、任意要素のワックス、任意要素の着色剤および任意要素のポリマーシェルを含有するEAトナーであってもよい。
いくつかの実施形態において、本開示のプロセスは、場合により、樹脂を高温で溶融混合する前、溶融混合中、または混合した後に、界面活性剤を加えることを含む。いくつかの実施形態において、樹脂を高温で溶融混合した後に界面活性剤を加える。利用される場合、樹脂エマルションは、1種類、2種類、またはそれより多い界面活性剤を含んでいてもよい。界面活性剤は、イオン系界面活性剤および非イオン系界面活性剤から選択されてもよい。アニオン系界面活性剤およびカチオン系界面活性剤は、「イオン系界面活性剤」という用語に包含される。いくつかの実施形態において、界面活性剤を濃度が約5重量%〜約100重量%(純粋な界面活性剤)、約30〜約100重量%の水溶液として加えてもよい。いくつかの実施形態において、樹脂の約0.01重量%〜約25重量%、例えば、樹脂の0.1重量%〜約20重量%、いくつかの実施形態において、樹脂の約1重量%〜約15重量%の量で存在するように、界面活性剤を利用してもよい。
いくつかの実施形態において、高粘度ポリエステル樹脂を含む樹脂を塩基または中和剤と混合してもよい。いくつかの実施形態において、いくつかの実施形態において、中和剤を使用し、樹脂中の酸基を中和してもよく、そのため、本明細書の中和剤は、「塩基性中和剤」と呼ばれることもある。
当量の10%NH3/樹脂(g)/樹脂での中和比率 酸価/0.303*100。
ラテックスプロセスおよびトナープロセスにおいて、任意の適切な開始剤または開始剤混合物を用いてもよい。
場合により、連鎖移動剤を使用し、ラテックスの重合度を制御してもよく、それによって、ラテックス製品の分子量および分子量分布を制御してもよい。理解され得るだろうが、連鎖移動剤は、ラテックスポリマーの一部となってもよい。
目標ラテックスの分岐度および構造を制御するために、場合により分岐剤が含まれていてもよい。例示的な分岐剤としては、限定されないが、デカンジオールジアクリレート(ADOD)、トリメチロールプロパン、ペンタエリスリトール、トリメリット酸、ピロメリット酸、3個以上の酸基を含むカルボン酸、およびこれらの混合物が挙げられる。
本発明のトナーは、本発明の無溶媒エマルションプロセスによって作られる少なくとも1つの高粘度樹脂粒子を用いて調製される。しかし、トナーは、他の既知のプロセスによって作られるさらなるラテックスおよび/またはエマルションを用いて調製されてもよい。
種々の既知の適切な着色剤、例えば、染料、顔料、染料混合物、顔料混合物、染料と顔料の混合物などがトナーに含まれていてもよい。着色剤は、トナー中に、例えば、トナーの約0〜約35重量%の量で含まれていてもよいが、この範囲からはずれる量を利用してもよい。
ポリマー樹脂に加え、本開示のトナーは、さらにワックスを含んでいてもよく、1種類のワックスまたは2種類以上の異なるワックスの混合物であってもよい。含まれる場合、ワックスは、例えば、トナー粒子の約1重量%〜約25重量%の量で存在していてもよい。ワックスの融点は、少なくとも約30℃であってもよい。選択可能なワックスとしては、例えば、重量平均分子量が約500〜約20,000のワックスが挙げられる。
当該技術分野の技術常識の範囲内にある任意の方法によって、トナー粒子を調製してもよい。実施形態を、乳化凝集(EA)プロセスに関して以下に記載しているが、例えば、米国特許第5,290,654号および第5,302,486号に開示される懸濁およびカプセル化のプロセスのような化学プロセスを含む、トナー粒子を調製する任意の適切な方法を用いてもよい。
いくつかの実施形態において、生成した凝集トナー粒子にシェルを塗布してもよい。コア樹脂に適していると上に記載した任意の樹脂をシェル樹脂として利用してもよい。当業者の常識内にある任意の方法によって、凝集した粒子にシェル樹脂を塗布してもよい。いくつかの実施形態において、アモルファスポリエステルを利用し、凝集物の上にシェルを作成し、コア−シェル構造を有するトナー粒子を作成してもよい。
望ましい粒径まで凝集させ、場合により、上述のようにシェルを作成した後、望ましい最終的な形状になるまで粒子を融着させてもよく、融着は、例えば、可塑化を防ぐために、混合物を約55℃〜約100℃(存在する任意の結晶性樹脂の融点より低くてもよい)まで加熱することによって達成される。もっと高い温度またはもっと低い温度を使用してもよいが、温度は、使用される樹脂の関数であることが理解される。約0.1〜約9時間融着を進めてもよい。
所望な場合、または必要な場合、トナー粒子は、他の任意要素の添加剤を含有していてもよい。例えば、トナーは、任意の既知の電荷添加剤を、トナーの約0.1〜約10wt%の量で含んでいてもよい。このような電荷添加剤の例としては、ハロゲン化アルキルピリジニウム、硫酸水素塩、米国特許第3,944,493号、第4,007,293号、第4,079,014号、第4,394,430号、第4,560,635号に記載の電荷制御添加剤、負の帯電向上添加剤、例えば、アルミニウム錯体などが挙げられる。
このようにして作成したトナー粒子を現像剤組成物に配合してもよい。例えば、トナー粒子をキャリア粒子と混合し、2成分現像剤組成物を得てもよい。現像剤中のトナーの濃度は、現像剤の合計重量の約1重量%〜約25重量%であってもよく、現像剤組成物の残りの部分は担体である。しかし、望ましい特徴を有する現像剤組成物を得るために、異なる割合のトナーおよび担体を用いてもよい。
トナー粒子と混合するための担体粒子の例としては、トナー粒子とは反対の極性の電荷を静電的に得ることができる粒子が挙げられる。適切な担体粒子の具体例としては、顆粒状ジルコン、顆粒状ケイ素、ガラス、鋼鉄、ニッケル、フェライト、鉄フェライト、二酸化ケイ素、1種類以上のポリマーなどが挙げられる。他の担体としては、米国特許第3,847,604号、第4,937,166号、第4,935,326号に開示されるものが挙げられる。
トナーを、密閉物または容器(例えば、バイアル、瓶、可撓性容器、例えば、袋またはパッケージなど)から、貯蔵機能以外の役割を果たすデバイスまでの範囲の多くのデバイスと合わせてもよい。
目的のトナーを、例えば、画像を作成するといった用途のためにトナーを運ぶための専門のデバイスに組み込んでもよい。従って、粒状トナーを運ぶデバイスは既知であり(例えば、米国特許第7,822,370号を参照)、目的のトナーを含んでいてもよい。このようなデバイスとしては、カートリッジ、タンク、容器などが挙げられ、交換可能であってもよく、使い捨て可能であってもよく、または再利用可能であってもよい。このようなデバイスは、貯蔵部分と、分注または輸送部分などを、トナーを添加し、デバイスから除去することができる種々のポートまたは開口部と共に備え、デバイス中のトナーの量を監視するための任意要素の部分、例えば、画像化デバイス中にデバイスを配置し、置くことができる作成された部分または成型された部分を備える。
目的のトナーは、例えば、トナーに必要な画像化デバイス要素(例えば、カートリッジ)にトナーを再投入または再充填するためにトナーを運ぶための専門のデバイスに含まれていてもよく(例えば、米国特許第7,817,944号を参照)、画像化デバイス要素は、交換可能であってもよく、または再利用可能であってもよい。
米国特許第4,295,990号に開示されるものを含め、静電印刷プロセスまたは電子写真プロセスでトナーを使用してもよい。いくつかの実施形態において、例えば、磁気ブラシによる現像、単成分のジャンピング現像、ハイブリッドスカベンジレスによる現像(HSD)などの任意の既知の種類の画像現像システムを画像現像デバイスに用いてもよい。これらの現像システムおよび類似の現像システムは、当業者の常識の範囲内である。
1リットルのBUCHI反応器に、250グラムの樹脂(軟化点が119.6℃、酸価が10.7)を投入した。攪拌を約20rpmから約800rpmまで増加しつつ、樹脂を約110〜120℃まで加熱し、その後、18.3グラムのアニオン系界面活性剤(DOWFAX、47wt%)を加えた。その後、12.8グラムの10wt% NH4OHを含有する150gのDIWを、2g/分の速度で反応器に圧送した。BUCHI反応器を、圧力が110〜150kPaの窒素によって加圧した。処理パラメータを表1にまとめている。
実施例1の材料および方法を繰り返したが、但し、アニオン系界面活性剤(DOWFAX、47wt%)の量が、18.3gから16.05gまで減り(乾燥樹脂を基準として3wt%)、NH4OHの量は、12.8gから19.2gに上昇した。
Claims (20)
- 無溶媒乳化プロセスであって、
(a)少なくとも1つの高粘度樹脂を90℃以上の温度まで加熱し、混合デバイスを備える反応容器中、加熱された樹脂を作成することにおいて、高粘度樹脂は、130℃において10〜1,000,000Pa・sの溶融粘度を有する樹脂である、加熱された樹脂を形成することと;
(b)有機溶媒非存在下、加熱された樹脂と、界面活性剤および中和剤とを合わせ、前記反応容器中で混合物を作成することと;
(c)前記容器中の圧力を10〜1000kPaまで上げることと;
(d)前記混合物に水を加え、攪拌下でエマルションを作成することと;
(e)前記容器中の圧力を下げ、樹脂粒子を含む無溶媒エマルションを得ることとを含む、プロセス。 - 界面活性剤が、乾燥樹脂の1重量%〜10重量%の量で存在する、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 中和剤が、乾燥樹脂の1重量%〜15重量%の量で存在する、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 中和剤の量が、樹脂の酸価に基づいて調節され、望ましい粒径の樹脂粒子を得る、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 樹脂粒子は、平均粒径が50nm〜900nmである、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 高粘度樹脂は、分子量が少なくとも5,000である、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 高粘度樹脂は、130℃において30〜500,000Pa・sの溶融粘度を有する、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 中和剤が無機塩基性剤または有機塩基性剤を含む、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 中和剤が、有機アミン、少なくとも1個の窒素原子を含む単環化合物、少なくとも1個の窒素原子を含む多環化合物、または二級アミンを含む、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 中和剤が、水酸化アンモニウム、水酸化カリウム、水酸化ナトリウム、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸水素ナトリウム、水酸化リチウム、炭酸カリウム、またはトリエチルアミンを含む、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 中和剤が、アジリジン、アゼチジン、ピペラジン、ピペリジン、ピリジン、ビピリジン、ターピリジン、ジヒドロピリジン、モルホリン、N−アルキルモルホリン、1,4−ジアザビシクロ[2.2.2]オクタン、1,8−ジアザビシクロウンデカン、1,8−ジアザビシクロウンデセン、ジメチル化ペンチルアミン、トリメチル化ペンチルアミン、ピロール、ピロリジン、ピロリジノン、インドール、インドリン、インダノン、イミダゾール、ベンズイミダゾール、イミダゾロン、イミダゾリン、オキサゾール、イソオキサゾール、オキサゾリン、オキサジアゾール、チアジアゾール、カルバゾール、キノリン、イソキノリン、ナフチリジン、トリアジン、トリアゾール、テトラゾール、ピラゾール、ピラゾリン、またはこれらの組合せを含む、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 界面活性剤が、アニオン系界面活性剤、カチオン系界面活性剤、およびこれらの組合せからなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 高粘度樹脂は、軟化点が少なくとも120℃である、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 高粘度樹脂がポリエステル樹脂を含む、請求項1に記載のプロセス。
- 無溶媒乳化プロセスであって、
(a)軟化点が少なくとも115℃の少なくとも1つの高粘度ポリエステル樹脂を110℃〜120℃の温度まで加熱し、混合デバイスを備える反応容器中、加熱された樹脂を作成することにおいて、高粘度樹脂は、130℃において10〜1,000,000Pa・sの溶融粘度を有する樹脂である、加熱された樹脂を形成することと;
(b)有機溶媒非存在下、加熱された樹脂と、界面活性剤および中和剤とを合わせ、前記反応容器中で混合物を作成することと;
(c)前記容器中の圧力を1気圧より上に上げることと;
(d)前記混合物に水を加え、エマルションを作成することと;
(e)前記容器中の圧力を下げ、樹脂粒子を含む無溶媒エマルションを得ることとを含む、プロセス。 - 中和剤が、乾燥樹脂の1重量%〜15重量%の量で存在する、請求項15に記載のプロセス。
- 中和剤の量が、樹脂の酸価に基づいて調節され、望ましい粒径の樹脂粒子を得る、請求項15に記載のプロセス。
- 樹脂粒子は、平均粒径が50nm〜900nmである、請求項15に記載のプロセス。
- 高粘度樹脂は、分子量が少なくとも5,000である、請求項15に記載のプロセス。
- 高粘度樹脂は、130℃において30〜500,000Pa・sの溶融粘度を有する、請求項15に記載のプロセス。
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