JP6604784B2 - Socket for electrical parts - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an electrical component socket that accommodates electrical components such as semiconductor devices (hereinafter referred to as “IC packages”).

  Conventionally, an IC socket for performing a burn-in test or the like is known as a kind of socket for this kind of electrical component. The IC socket is disposed on the wiring board and accommodates an IC package to be inspected. When the IC package is accommodated in the IC socket, the terminals of the IC package are electrically connected to the electrodes of the wiring board through the contact pins.

  Conventionally, as this type of IC socket, one having a mechanism for pressing with a heat sink in order to cool the IC package under test and keep it at a predetermined temperature is known (for example, see Patent Document 1 below). ).

  In the IC socket of Patent Document 1, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the socket body is provided with an opening / closing body. A heat sink is screwed to the base member of the opening / closing body using a shaft.

JP2015-103455A

  In a burn-in test or the like, a large number of IC sockets are used to test a large number of IC packages at the same time. On the other hand, in order to obtain a sufficient cooling effect in each IC socket, it is desirable that the exclusive area of the heat sink be sufficiently wide.

  For this reason, in the conventional IC socket, a very thin shaft is used as a shaft for fixing the base member of the opening / closing body and the heat sink in order to save space.

  However, if the shaft is made thin, when the heat sink is fixed to the base member of the opening / closing body, the shaft may be inclined and cannot be fixed stably.

  Furthermore, since the shaft is tilted, the height of the heat sink is deviated from the normal position so that it does not come into contact with the IC package correctly, so that the function as the heat sink may not be satisfied.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a socket for an electrical component that can stably fix a pressing member such as a heat sink at a correct position without increasing the occupied space.

In order to achieve such an object, the invention described in claim 1 includes: a socket body provided with a housing portion that houses an electrical component; and a cover member that covers the electrical component housed in the housing portion from above. An electrical component socket comprising: the cover member includes a base member supported by the socket body and a pressing member supported by the base member using a shaft member, the shaft member including the pressing member A head portion disposed on the upper surface of the member; and a leg portion extending downward from the head portion, the leg portion being formed on the head side and provided in the pressing member. A leg main body inserted through the hole, a threaded portion formed on the distal end side and screwed into a screw hole provided in the base member, and formed between the leg main body and the screw portion. The upper side of the screw hole provided in the base member Brought into contact with the periphery of the mouth, and a seating portion having a larger diameter than said upper opening of the screw hole, the insertion hole of the pressing member is larger than the leg portion main body of the leg portion An upper hole that accommodates a coil spring having a diameter, and a lower hole that has a smaller diameter than the coil spring, and the leg portion of the shaft member includes the leg spring and the coil spring in the upper hole. In a state of passing through the lower hole portion, the screw portion is screwed into the screw hole of the base member, and the coil spring connects the bottom surface of the upper hole portion and the head portion of the shaft member, Energizing in a direction away from each other, the insertion hole portion of the pressing member has a side surface opening portion that opens across the entire area from the upper end of the upper hole portion to the lower end of the lower hole portion, and the shaft In the state in which the coil spring is inserted through the leg main body, the side opening of the member Through the housing capable constructed laterally, the seat of the shaft member, characterized in that the said lower aperture electrical component socket Ru larger diameter der than the insertion hole.

The invention of claim 2 is an electrical component socket comprising a socket body provided with an accommodating portion for accommodating an electrical component, and a cover member that covers the electrical component accommodated in the accommodating portion from above, The cover member includes a base member supported by the socket body, and a pressing member supported by the base member using a shaft member, and the shaft member is disposed on the upper surface of the pressing member. And a leg part extending downward from the head, the leg part being formed on the head side and being inserted into an insertion hole provided in the pressing member; A screw portion formed on the tip side and screwed into a screw hole provided in the base member; and formed between the leg main body and the screw portion, and provided on the base member. The screw hole that comes into contact with the peripheral edge of the upper opening of the screw hole And a seating portion having a larger diameter than said upper opening, the insertion hole of the pressing member, an upper hole portion for accommodating the coil spring having a diameter larger than that of the leg portion main body of said legs, said coil than the spring and a lower hole portion of small diameter, said leg portions of said shaft member in a state where the leg portion main body penetrates and said coil spring and the lower hole portion in the upper bore, the screw parts are screwed into the screw hole of the base member, said coil spring, and the head of the shaft member and the bottom surface of the upper hole portion, and biased away from each other, provided on the shaft member A positioning portion that is provided on the head side and positions the coil spring by contacting the inner peripheral surface of the coil spring;
The electrical component socket is formed between the positioning portion and the seating portion and includes the positioning portion and a relief portion having a smaller diameter than the seating portion .

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in addition to the configuration according to the second aspect, the insertion hole portion of the pressing member is a side surface opening portion that opens over the entire region from the upper end of the upper hole portion to the lower end of the lower hole portion the has the shaft member, in a state where the coil spring to its said legs body is inserted, characterized in that configured to accommodate laterally through the side opening.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in addition to the configuration according to any one of the first to third aspects, the pressing member is a heat sink that cools the electric component accommodated in the accommodating portion. .

In the invention of claim 1, a seating portion having a diameter larger than that of the screw hole provided in the base member is provided between the leg main body of the shaft member and the screw portion, and the seating portion is formed at the upper opening of the screw hole. The contact was made. For this reason, even if this shaft member is formed very thin, it does not tilt when the screw portion is screwed into the screw hole. Therefore, according to the first aspect of the present invention, the pressing member such as the heat sink can be stably fixed at the normal position without increasing the space occupied by the shaft member.
In the first aspect of the invention, since the coil spring is housed in the upper hole portion, the coil spring does not abut against the seating portion, and therefore, the pressing member is stably biased by the coil spring. Can be made.
According to the first aspect of the present invention, after the coil spring is inserted into the leg body of the shaft member, the shaft member is accommodated in the insertion hole from the side opening of the pressing member, so that the shaft member and the coil spring are inserted. The work to be accommodated in the hole becomes easy.
In the invention of claim 1, since the seating portion of the shaft member has a larger diameter than the lower hole portion provided in the insertion hole portion of the base member, the screw portion is inserted after the shaft member is inserted into the insertion hole portion. Even if the head portion of the shaft member is biased upward by the coil spring in a state before being screwed into the screw hole of the base member, the leg portion of the shaft member does not come out of the insertion hole portion. Therefore, according to the invention of claim 1, the work of fixing the base member and the pressing member using the shaft member is facilitated.

In the invention of claim 2, a seating portion having a diameter larger than that of the screw hole provided in the base member is provided between the leg main body of the shaft member and the screw portion, and the seating portion is formed at the upper opening of the screw hole. The contact was made. For this reason, even if this shaft member is formed very thin, it does not tilt when the screw portion is screwed into the screw hole. Therefore, according to the second aspect of the present invention, the pressing member such as the heat sink can be stably fixed at the normal position without increasing the space occupied by the shaft member.
In the invention of claim 2, since the coil spring is housed in the upper hole portion, the coil spring does not abut against the seating portion, and accordingly, the pressing member is stably biased by the coil spring. Can be made.
In the invention of claim 2, by providing the positioning portion on the leg main body of the shaft member, it is possible to prevent rattling of the coil spring accommodated in the upper hole portion of the pressing member, and to the leg main body. By providing the relief portion, a sufficient expansion / contraction length can be secured without sliding the coil spring with the leg main body, so that the coil spring can be stably expanded and contracted.

According to the invention of claim 3 , after inserting the coil spring into the leg main body of the shaft member, the shaft member is accommodated in the insertion hole from the side opening of the pressing member, so that the shaft member and the coil spring are inserted. The work to be accommodated in the hole becomes easy.

According to the fourth aspect, after inserting the coil spring into the leg main body of the shaft member, the shaft member is accommodated in the insertion hole from the side opening of the pressing member, so that the shaft member and the coil spring are accommodated in the insertion hole. The work to be accommodated in is easy.

It is a perspective view which shows the structure of the IC socket which concerns on this Embodiment 1, (a) has shown the state in which the cover member was opened, (b) has shown the state in which the cover member was closed. It is a figure which shows the structure of the cover member based on the Embodiment 1, (a) is a perspective view of a base member, (b) is a top view of a heat sink, (c) is a perspective view of a heat sink. It is a figure which shows the structure of the cover member which concerns on the same Embodiment 1, (a) is a perspective view, (b) is a top view, (c) is AA sectional drawing of (b). (A) is a figure which shows the structure of the cover member based on Embodiment 1, Comprising: The elements on larger scale of FIG.3 (c), (b) is the perspective view for demonstrating the assembly process of Embodiment 1. FIG. FIG. It is a side view which compares the structure of the shaft member which concerns on the same embodiment with a comparative example.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below.
Embodiment 1 of the Invention
1 to 3 show the structure of the IC socket according to the first embodiment.

  In the first embodiment, an IC socket 11 as an “electrical component socket” is mounted on a wiring board (not shown), and an IC package (not shown) as an “electrical component” is tested (for example, a burn-in test). Used for.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the socket body 12 of the IC socket 11 includes a housing portion 13 for housing an IC package (not shown). Further, the socket body 12 is provided with cover members 14 and 15 for covering the IC package from above.

  Of these cover members 14 and 15, the cover member 14 includes a base member 17 that is rotatably supported by the socket body 12, and a heat sink 18 that is supported by the base member 17 and serves as a “pressing member”. Yes.

  As shown in FIG. 2A, the base member 17 includes a pair of side plate portions 17a and 17a and a bottom plate portion 17b.

  As shown in FIGS. 1A and 2A, each side plate portion 17a is fixedly supported on the rotating plate 12a by screws 12b inserted through screw holes 17c. The rotating plate 12a is rotatably supported on the side wall of the socket body 12. The rotating plate 12a is connected to an operation member 16 described later via a link mechanism (not shown). As a result, the rotating plate 12a rotates in the opening direction when the operating member 16 is pushed down, and rotates in the closing direction when the operating member 16 is pushed up.

  On the other hand, the heat sink 18 is supported on the bottom plate portion 17b of the base member 17 by using four shaft members 19, 19, 21, and 21 (see FIGS. 3A to 3C). Therefore, a pair of screw holes 17d and 17d for screwing the screw portion 19c of the shaft member 19 and a screw portion (not shown) of the shaft member 21 are screwed into the bottom plate portion 17b. Screw holes 17f and 17f are provided (see FIG. 2A, etc.).

  As shown in FIGS. 2B and 2C, the heat sink 18 includes a contact portion 18a and a heat radiating portion 18b. The contact portion 18a is in contact with and presses the upper surface of the IC package disposed in the housing portion 13 at the bottom surface portion. The heat radiating portion 18b releases heat transferred from the IC package to the contact portion 18a.

  Furthermore, insertion holes 18c and 18c for inserting the shaft member 19 are provided at both left and right ends of the heat sink 18 (portions corresponding to the screw holes 17d and 17d of the base member 17). Details of the insertion holes 18c and 18c will be described later.

  On the other hand, the cover member 15 is configured similarly to the base member 17 described above, and is fixedly supported on the rotating plate 12c by screws 12d as shown in FIG. 1 (a). The rotating plate 12 c is rotatably supported on the side wall portion of the socket body 12. As a result, the cover member 15 is rotatably supported by the socket body 12.

  These cover members 14 and 15 are opened when the rectangular frame-shaped operation member 16 provided on the socket body is pushed down (see FIG. 1A), and closed when the operation member 16 is pulled up. The contact portion is brought into contact with and pressed against the IC package in the housing portion 13 (see FIG. 1B).

  4A and 4B show a fixing structure using the shaft member 19.

  The shaft member 19 includes a head portion 19a and leg portions 19b. The head 19 a is disposed on the upper surface side of the heat sink 18. The leg portion 19b extends downward from the head portion 19a.

  Here, the leg portion 19b includes a leg main body 19e, a screw portion 19c, and a seating portion 19d.

  The leg main body 19e is provided on the head 19a side of the leg 19b. The leg main body 19e is inserted into the insertion hole 18c of the heat sink 18 while being inserted through the coil spring 20. The leg main body 19e is provided with a positioning portion 19f on the upper side and a relief portion 19g on the lower side. The inner peripheral surface of the coil spring 20 abuts on the positioning portion 19f, whereby the coil spring 20 is positioned. Further, the relief portion 19g is formed to have a smaller diameter than the positioning portion 19f, and the inner peripheral surface of the coil spring 20 is difficult to contact and slide.

  The screw portion 19 c is screwed into the screw hole 17 d of the base member 17 and is fixed to the base member 17.

  The seating portion 19d is provided between the leg main body 19e and the screw portion 19c. As shown in FIG. 4A, the seating portion 19 d comes into contact with the upper opening portion 17 e of the screw hole 17 d formed in the base member 17. Here, as shown to Fig.4 (a), the screw hole 17d of the base member 17 is chamfered by the upper side opening part 17e, and is expanding in diameter. The seating portion 19d has a larger diameter than the chamfered upper opening 17e. By providing such a seating portion 19d, the shaft member 19 can be stably fixed at an accurate position of the base member 17 (described later).

  Further, as shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, the insertion holes 18c and 18c of the heat sink 18 are respectively provided with an upper hole 18d, a lower hole 18e, a side opening 18f, An insertion hole 18g is provided.

  The upper hole 18d is formed to have a larger diameter than the coil spring 20, and accommodates the coil spring 20 and the leg main body 19e inserted through the coil spring 20. As a result, the upper end of the coil spring 20 abuts against the head portion 19a of the shaft member 19, and the lower end abuts against the bottom surface of the upper hole 18d, so that the portions 19a and 18d are separated from each other. In an energized state, the upper hole 18d is accommodated. Thereby, when the contact part 18a contacts the upper surface of the IC package, the IC package can be pressed by the biasing force of the coil spring 20.

  The lower hole portion 18e is a hole for inserting the escape portion 19g of the leg main body 19e, and is formed to have a slightly larger diameter than the escape portion 19g. In the first embodiment, the lower hole portion 18e is formed with a smaller diameter than the seating portion 19d of the shaft member 19.

  The side opening 18f is an opening formed on the side surface of the insertion hole 18c, and is open in the entire region from the upper end of the upper hole 18d to the lower end of the lower hole 18e. The side opening 18f is used to accommodate the leg main body 19e inserted through the coil spring 20 in the insertion hole 18c (described later).

  On the other hand, the shaft member 21 (see FIGS. 3A, 3B, etc.) is inserted through the coil spring 21a from the top through the insertion hole 18g (see FIG. 4B), The tip (not shown) is screwed into the screw hole 17f (see FIG. 2 (a)).

  Next, a method for assembling the cover member 14 according to the first embodiment will be described.

  First, as shown in FIG. 4B, the coil spring 20 is inserted into the leg main body 19e of the shaft member 19, and in this state, the shaft member 19 is inserted into the insertion hole 18c of the heat sink 18 in the side surface. It accommodates from the opening part 18f. At this time, the escape portion 19g of the leg main body 19e is fitted into the lower hole 18e. In this embodiment, since the diameter of the seating portion 19d is larger than the diameter of the lower hole portion 18e, the shaft member 19 may come out of the insertion hole portion 18c when accommodated in the insertion hole portion 18c. No. At this time, the coil spring 20 biases the head portion 19a of the shaft member 19 and the bottom surface of the upper hole portion 18d away from each other, so that the seating portion 19d is pressed against the lower end side of the lower hole portion 18e. Therefore, the shaft member 19 is difficult to come out of the side opening 18f.

  In this state, the heat sink 18 is disposed on the base member 17, and the head portion 19 a of the shaft member 19 is further rotated, so that the screw portion 19 c of the shaft member 19 is screwed into the screw hole 17 d of the base member 17. Let Then, the shaft member 21 is inserted into the insertion hole 18g from above while being inserted into the coil spring 21a, and the tip portion thereof is screwed into the screw hole 17f. As a result, the heat sink 18 is supported by the base member 17. In the first embodiment, since the shaft members 21 and 21 are also used in addition to the shaft members 19 and 19, the heat sink 18 can be fixed to the base member 17 without tilting.

  Thereafter, the side plate portion 17a of the base member 17 is fixed to the rotating plate 12a (see FIG. 1), and further, the rotating plate 12a and the operation member 16 are connected via a link mechanism (not shown), thereby covering the cover member. The assembly of 14 is finished.

  FIG. 5 shows a comparison between the shaft member 19 according to the first embodiment and the shaft member 22 having no seating portion.

  As can be seen from FIG. 5, in the case of the shaft member 22 having no seating portion, since the upper opening 17e is chamfered in the screw hole 17d, the bottom plate of the base member 17 with the shaft member 22 inclined. There is a risk of being fixed to the portion 17b. Therefore, the fixing of the shaft member 22 itself becomes unstable, the position of the head portion 19a becomes lower than the original position, and the contact portion 18a of the heat sink 18 correctly contacts the IC package in the housing portion 13. There is a risk of disappearing.

  On the other hand, in the shaft member 19 according to the first embodiment, the seat portion 19d having a larger diameter than the upper opening portion 17e is provided between the leg main body 19e and the screw portion 19c, so that the shaft member 19 is inclined. Thus, the base plate 17 is not fixed to the bottom plate portion 17b. For this reason, the shaft member 19 can be stably fixed to the bottom plate portion 17b of the base member 17, and the position of the head portion 19a becomes the correct position. Can abut correctly.

  In the first embodiment, the seating portion 19d has a larger diameter than the escape portion 19g of the leg main body 19e (see FIG. 4 (a), etc.). Even if the diameter is small, the shaft member 19 can be stably fixed at an accurate position of the base member 17 if the diameter is larger than the upper opening 17e. However, in order to secure the necessary diameter of the threaded portion 19c of the shaft member 19 while keeping the occupied area of the shaft member 19 small, it is desirable to form the seating portion 19d with a larger diameter than the escape portion 19g. Further, by forming the seating portion 19d with a diameter larger than that of the escape portion 19g, as described above, when the shaft member 19 is accommodated in the insertion hole portion 18c, it can be made difficult to come out of the insertion hole portion 18c. Therefore, the assembly of the cover member 14 becomes easy.

  As described above, according to the first embodiment, the seat portion 19d having a larger diameter than the screw hole 17d provided in the base member 17 between the leg main body 19e of the shaft member 19 and the screw portion 19c. The seat 19d is brought into contact with the upper opening 17e of the screw hole 17d. For this reason, even if this shaft member 19 is formed very thin, it does not tilt when the screw portion 19c is screwed into the screw hole 17d. Therefore, according to the first embodiment, the heat sink 18 can be stably fixed at the correct position without increasing the occupied space of the shaft member 19.

  In the first embodiment, the insertion hole 18c of the heat sink 18 is provided with a large-diameter upper hole 18d and a small-diameter lower hole 18e, and the coil spring 20 is accommodated in the upper hole 18d. The coil spring 20 urges the head portion 19a of the shaft member 19 to apply a pressing force to the IC package. By accommodating the coil spring 20 in the upper hole 18d, the coil spring 20 does not come into contact even if the seating portion 19d of the shaft member 19 has a large diameter. There is no loss of power stability.

  Further, in the first embodiment, by providing the positioning portion 19f on the leg main body 19e of the shaft member 19, the coil spring 20 accommodated in the upper hole portion 18d of the heat sink 18 can be positioned, and the leg By providing the relief part 19g in the part main body 19e, sliding between the leg main body 19e and the coil spring 20 can be suppressed. Therefore, according to the first embodiment, the coil spring 20 can be stably expanded and contracted.

  In addition, according to the first embodiment, since the seating portion 19d of the shaft member 19 has a larger diameter than the lower hole portion 18e provided in the insertion hole portion 18c of the base member 17, the shaft member 19 is Even if the head portion 19a of the shaft member 19 is urged upward by the coil spring 20 in a state before the screw portion 19c is screwed into the screw hole 17d of the base member 17 after being inserted into the insertion hole portion 18c. The leg portion 19b of the shaft member 19 does not come out of the insertion hole portion 18c. Therefore, according to this Embodiment 1, the operation | work which fixes the base member 17 and the heat sink 18 using the shaft member 19 becomes easy.

  Further, according to the first embodiment, after inserting the coil spring 20 into the leg main body 19e of the shaft member 19, the shaft member 19 is accommodated in the insertion hole 18c from the side opening 18f of the heat sink 18. Therefore, the operation | work which accommodates the shaft member 19 and the coil spring 20 in the insertion hole part 18c becomes easy.

  In the first embodiment, the present invention is applied to the IC socket 11 as an “electrical component socket”. However, the present invention is not limited to this and can be applied to other devices.

  In the first embodiment, the case where the “pressing member” is a heat sink is taken as an example. However, the present invention can also be applied to a socket for an electrical component having another type of pressing member.

  Further, in the first embodiment, only two of the four shaft members are the shaft members corresponding to the present invention (that is, the shaft member 19 having the seating portion 19d), but the present invention is applied to all the shaft members. Of course, may be applied.

11 IC socket 12 Socket body 12a, 12c Rotating plate 13 Housing portion 14, 15 Cover member 16 Operating member 17 Base member 17a Side plate portion 17b Bottom plate portion 17d Screw hole 17e Upper opening portion 18 Heat sink 18a Contact portion 18b Heat radiation portion 18c Insertion hole portion 18d Upper hole portion 18e Lower hole portion 18f Side opening 19 Shaft member 19a Head portion 19b Leg portion 19c Screw portion 19d Seat portion 19e Leg main body 19f Positioning portion 19g Relief portion

Claims (4)

A socket for an electrical component comprising a socket body provided with an accommodating portion for accommodating an electrical component, and a cover member that covers the electrical component accommodated in the accommodating portion from above,
The cover member includes a base member supported by the socket body, and a pressing member supported by the base member using a shaft member,
The shaft member includes a head disposed on the upper surface of the pressing member, and a leg extending downward from the head.
The legs are
A leg body formed on the head side and inserted through an insertion hole provided in the pressing member;
A threaded portion formed on the distal end side and screwed into a screw hole provided in the base member;
A diameter larger than the upper opening of the screw hole formed between the leg main body and the screw portion and abutting on a peripheral portion of the upper opening of the screw hole provided in the base member. A seating section ,
The insertion hole portion of the pressing member includes an upper hole portion that accommodates a coil spring having a larger diameter than the leg portion main body of the leg portion, and a lower hole portion having a smaller diameter than the coil spring,
The leg portion of the shaft member is screwed into the screw hole of the base member in a state where the leg main body passes through the coil spring and the lower hole portion in the upper hole portion. ,
The coil spring urges the bottom surface of the upper hole and the head of the shaft member in directions away from each other;
The insertion hole of the pressing member has a side opening that opens over the entire area from the upper end of the upper hole to the lower end of the lower hole,
The shaft member is configured to be accommodated in the lateral direction through the side opening, with the coil spring inserted through the leg body.
The seating unit, electrical component socket according to claim larger diameter der Rukoto than the lower hole portion of the insertion hole of the shaft member. A socket for an electrical component comprising a socket body provided with an accommodating portion for accommodating an electrical component, and a cover member that covers the electrical component accommodated in the accommodating portion from above,
The cover member includes a base member supported by the socket body, and a pressing member supported by the base member using a shaft member,
The shaft member includes a head disposed on the upper surface of the pressing member, and a leg extending downward from the head.
The legs are
A leg body formed on the head side and inserted through an insertion hole provided in the pressing member;
A threaded portion formed on the distal end side and screwed into a screw hole provided in the base member;
A diameter larger than the upper opening of the screw hole formed between the leg main body and the screw portion and abutting on a peripheral portion of the upper opening of the screw hole provided in the base member. A seating section,
The insertion hole portion of the pressing member includes an upper hole portion that accommodates a coil spring having a larger diameter than the leg portion main body of the leg portion, and a lower hole portion having a smaller diameter than the coil spring,
Said legs of said shaft member in a state where the leg portion main body penetrates and said coil spring and the lower hole portion in the upper hole portion, the threaded portion is screwed into the threaded hole of the base member ,
The coil spring urges the bottom surface of the upper hole and the head of the shaft member in directions away from each other ;
The leg main body of the leg provided on the shaft member is:
A positioning portion that is provided on the head side and positions the coil spring by contacting the inner peripheral surface of the coil spring;
Formed between the positioning part and the seating part, and a relief part having a smaller diameter than the positioning part and the seating part;
A socket for electrical parts, comprising: The insertion hole of the pressing member has a side opening that opens over the entire area from the upper end of the upper hole to the lower end of the lower hole,
The shaft member is configured such that it can be accommodated laterally through the side opening, with the coil spring inserted through the leg body.
The socket for an electrical component according to claim 2. 4. The electrical component socket according to claim 1, wherein the pressing member is a heat sink that cools the electrical component accommodated in the accommodating portion . 5.

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